资源简介

(共32张PPT)
Welcome Unit
Basic Sentence Structures
If language is like a tree, what can grammar be and what can vocabulary be
grammar
vocabulary
× without vocabulary
× without grammar
The role of grammar is to help us organise words in order, so we can make correct sentences.
short sentences
I love you.
long sentences
Your life only lasts for a few decades, so be sure that you don’t leave any regrets. Laugh or cry as you like, and it’s meaningless to oppress yourself.
To study grammar, we start with simple sentences.
What Are They
1. S (subject) 2. V (verb)
3. O (object) 4. P (predicative)
5. A (adverbial) 6. DO (direct objec)
7. IO (indirect object) 8. C (object complement)
主语
谓语动词
宾语
表语
状语
直接宾语
间接宾语
宾语补足语
----基本句型的句子成分
1. Jane is good at playing the piano.
2. She went out in a hurry.
3. Eight is a lucky number in China.
4. To see is to believe.
5. Smoking is bad for health.
6. What he has said is true.
The composition of a sentence
(subject)主语:句子说明的人或事物
名词
代词
数词
不定式
句子
动名词
(verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征
The composition of a sentence
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词
I saw the flag on the top of the hill
He looked after two orphans.
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
I have seen the film before.
see是及物动词
look是不及物动词
look after是动词短语
谓语是can speak
谓语是doesn’t seem
谓语是have seen
3. O (object) 宾语
3.1 A tiger eats meat.
O
3.2 I like it.
O
3. 3 He called Tom.
O
What can be “object” in a sentence 什么做宾语
名词，代词，数词，不定式（to do），动名词（v-ing）,句子
“动后宾”
The composition of a sentence
Please show me your passport.
2. Mother made Mary a new coat.
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence
直接宾语 (DO) 和间接宾语(IO)的区别
直接宾语表示动作的承受者，一般是物。
间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人。
间接宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
温馨提示
直接宾语和间接宾语不能按宾语离动词的远近来判别。
4. P (predicative) 表语
4.1 He looks fine.
P
4.2 You are happy.
P
4.3 He became a teacher.
P
系动词+adj./n.
What can be “predicative” in a sentence 什么作表语
“（系）动后表”
The composition of a sentence
5. (attribute) 定语
5.1 He is a good boy.
5.2 The building being repaired is our library.
What can be “attribute” in a sentence 什么做定语
名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语短语、句子.
“定语分为前后置”
前置定语
后置定语
前置定语
The composition of a sentence
His father named him Terry.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
We saw him entering the room.
We found everything in good order.
She thinks her a good teacher.
I will have my hair cut tomorrow morning.
6.宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍然不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等，这就是宾语补足语。
1. How about meeting again at six
2. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
4. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.
5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
6. She sat there, reading a book.
7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
9. she works very hard though she is old.
10. I am taller than he is.
时间
原因
条件
地点
方式
伴随
目的
结果
让步
比较
7.状语
用于修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语或句子.可表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。
句子成分 意义 充当成分 例句
主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子 We study in Huang Qiao Middle School.
谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree.
宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English.
表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特点 同主语 Her father is a chemist.
His words sound reasonable.
summary
句子成分 意义 充当成分 例句
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day.
状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句子 He works very hard.
They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词短语等 She always keeps the house clean.
summary
三大基本句型
1. 主语+谓语 Ｓ +Ｖ
2. 主语+谓语+宾语 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ
3. 主语+系动词+表语 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ
可独立完成的动作
He smiled.
S
(主语)
V
(动词)
有1个动作的承受者
I like you.
S
(主语)
V
(动词)
+
O
(宾语)
+
+
不及物动词
(intransitive verb)
及物动词
(transitive verb)
不是个 “动作”,而是状态、性质等
Maria is outgoing.
S
(主语)
V
(系动词)
P
(表语)
+
+
连系动词
(linking verb)
Maria is in the classroom.
Dilireba looks beautiful.
The kebab smells nice.
作用：把它后面的信息赋予给前面的主语
连系动词(Linking Verb)归纳
1.表示“保持”的有：keep，stay，stand，lie.
2.表示“是”的有：be(是)，prove (证明是)，seem(似乎是)，appear(好像是)，remain(依然是)。
3.表示“……起来”的有:taste (尝起来)，look(看起来)，sound (听起来)，feel(摸起来；感到)，smell(闻起来)。
4.表示“变成”的有:become，grow，turn，get，go, fall。
四“保持” 五“是” ，五“……起来”，六“变”
4.
SV IO DO
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
例2 I bought Tom a birthday gift.
间接宾语
直接宾语
例1 I showed her my photos.
间接宾语
直接宾语
常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give, send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant等
tips：常见接双宾语的动词：
间宾前加to：give给, send发送, tell告诉
间宾前加for：cook烹饪,make制作,buy买
5.
SVOC主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。常见的可做宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式,不带to的动词不定式等。
They appointed him manager.
They painted the door green.
This set them thinking.
They found the house deserted.
What makes him think so
We saw him out.
He asked me to come back soon.
有2个动作的承受者
Michelle teaches us English.
S
(主语)
V
(动词)
O
(宾语)
+
O
(宾语)
+
+
IO
(间接宾语)
DO
(直接宾语)
及物动词
(transitive verb)
只有一个动作承受者(不同于2)
Ice cream makes me happy.
S
(主语)
V
(动词)
O
(宾语)
+
+
+
OC
(宾语补语)
及物动词
(transitive verb)
differences
Adverbial 状语，加入状语能帮助理解句子
She walked quickly.
6. S
(主语)
V
(动词)
A
(状语)
+
+
They had lunch at home.
7. S
(主语)
V
(动词)
A
(状语)
+
+
O
(宾语)
+
He talks too much.
The ticket to the play sold so well.
I had my first drawing class in senior high school.
S +V+A
S +V+A
S +V+O+A
其它基本句型
8. There be句型 There is/are
There was/were
There are 6 books in this picture.
There is a dream in my heart.
There be 结构中的“就近一致原则”
①There _________(be) a book on the desk.
②There __________(be) two students in the classroom.
③There__________(be) a dog and some cats over there.
is
are
is
a book
two students
a dog
S
V
A
S
V
S
P
S
V
O
C
S
V
IO
DO
You try！
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths homework looks easy.
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
S
V
O
V
S
A
S
V
O
A
You try！
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There's always something exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!
他在这家公司上班。
He works in this company.
2. 史密斯先生的话让我印象深刻。
Mr. Smith’s words impressed me.
3. 这个小女孩看起来很害怕。
The little girl seemed/looked frightened.
4. 吉姆明天将去这座岛上探险。
Jim is going to explore this island tomorrow.
SVA
SVO
SP
SVOA
Translate the sentences into English and analyse the sentence structure.
5. 那个设计者已经给我们发了一封邮件。
The designer has sent us an email.
6. 一切都已经改变了。
Everything has changed.
7. 明天将有一场关于学习策略的讲座。
There will be a lecture on learning strategies tomorrow.
8. 我们必须保持教室干净。
We must keep our classroom clean.
SV IO DO
SV
There be…
SVOC
Thank you!

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