资源简介

(共29张PPT)
并列句
并列句
并列句的含义：
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。
并列句的基本句型：
简单句+并列连词+简单句
并列句=简单句+并列连词+简单句
I like action movies, but I don't like thrillers.
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构中，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语
A hug and you'll feel better.
A little patience or you'll regret it.
状语从句
状语从句(Adverbial Clause) 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句
概念
相当于副词，在句中作状语从句。有从属连词引导。
分类
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
让步状语从句
原因状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
定义：
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的句子是时间状语从句。
位置：
时间状语从句既可以放在主句的前面，又可以放在主句的后面，放在主句前面时要用逗号将主、从句隔开。
时间状语从句
引导词：
when/while/as当...时 as 随着，一边...一边
since自从
before 在... 之前 after 在...之后
till/until直到 not...until直到...才
as soon as
一... 就: hardly(scarcely)...when.=no sooner...than...
.. directly/immediately/instantly/ the moment,
the minute
whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first time
时间状语从句
since引导时间状语从句
（1）since意为“自从”，引导时间状语从句。主句用现在完成时，从句要用一般过去时。
Since they met，they have seen each other. 他们自从相识后经常见面。
（2）since引导时间状语从句时构成句型:It+be+时间段+since从句. 表示“自从......以来已有一段时间”。主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.他父亲死了5年了。
It is (has been) 5 years since his father worked here. 他父亲不在这里工作已五年了。
时间状语从句
I will write a letter as soon as I get there.
As soon as I went in, my sister cried out with pleasure.
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
No sooner had he returned than he bought a house.
对比 时态 位于句首
as soon as 具体分析 陈述语序，不倒装
no sooner（主）...than...（从） 主句过去完成 从句一般过去 主句部分倒装
hardly(scarcely)...（主）when...（从） 时间状语从句
我一到那里就写信。
我一进去，妹妹就高兴的叫了起来。
他一回来就买了一栋房子。
他一回来就买了一栋房子.
I had hardly sat down when the phone rang.
Hardly had I sat down when the phone rang.
我刚坐下，电话就响了。
我刚坐下，电话就响了。
every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time，all the time的用法
这些短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“无论何时，每次，每次，下一次，第一次，
任何时候,始终一直等
Every time I meet her I always forget her name.
每次我见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。
Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来时，一定记住把你的儿子带来。
You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
你想回来随时可以回来。
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
定义：地点状语从句表示地点、方位。
位置：地点状语从句既可以放在主句的前面，又可以放在主句的后面，放在主句前面时要用逗号将主、从句隔开。
连词：where、wherever在任何地方、anywhere在任何地方、everywhere到处
Where we come from，we like being on time.
我们那个地方，我们喜欢守时。
You can go anywhere/whenever you want.
你想去什么地方就去什么地方吧。
They were warmly welcomed everywhere they went.
他们每到一个地方都受到热烈欢迎。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
条件状语从句
引导词：if 如果， unless 除非，as/so long as只要， in case万一
on condition that 如果…就；以…为条件, suppose/ supposing (that), providing/ provided that 等如果，假如
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
只要不灰心，你就会成功。
Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help
如果他们拒绝我们，那么我们还可以向谁求助呢？
时态：条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”
主句为一般将来时、祈使句、包含情态动词，从句为一般现在时。
We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
Please tell me if you want to leave.
You can get great grades if you study hard.
原因状语从句
引导词：
because, since, as, for, now that既然；由于, seeing that鉴于；由此, considering that 考虑到；鉴于；考虑到那个事实, in that因为；原因是
① because语气最强, 表示必然的因果关系
I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.
我缺席会议了，因为我生病了。
② since语气稍弱，表示对方已知晓的原因或事实，意为“既然；由于”
Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都到场了，我们开始开会吧。
原因状语从句
③ as语气最弱，往往是不明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明
As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
因为下雨了，所以我们不能去公园。
④ considering (that) ,seeing (that), now (that) 和since的意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去
Considering (that) everybody is here, let's begin our discussion.
鉴于大家都到场了，我们开始讨论吧。
Now (that) you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
鉴于你已经长大成人，你不应该依赖你父母了。
让步状语从句
引导词：though/although/as/while虽然, even if/even though即使,
no matter+疑问词=疑问词ever无论... / whether...or 无论是...还是…
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
While I am willing to help you, I do not have enough time.
尽管我愿意帮你，可是我没有足够的时间。
The day will come no matter how long the night is.
不管黑夜有多长，白天终会到来。
让步状语从句
（1） although与 though两者意思相同，一般可互换，但不能和but连用
Though I believe in you, I still need to think it carefully.
虽然我相信你，但我仍然需要仔细考虑。
（2）though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”， 置于句末
He said he would come; he didn't, though.
他说他会来，可是没有来。
让步状语从句
（3）as 引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词等需提前到从句句首，而且表语若是单数可数名词还要去掉冠词。though 引导的让步状语从句也可这样用，但 although不可以
Intelligent as/ though she was, she had not much insight.
虽然她聪明，但不是很有洞察力。
He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried.
虽然他努力了，但未能取得很大的进步。
Teacher as/ though he is, he doesn't know everything.
虽然他是老师，但也不是无所不知。
结果状语从句
结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的词主要有 so，so…that…，such…that… ，so that等
（1）so…that…
常用句型有：
so+形容词+ that…； so+副词+that…；
so many/ few/ much/ little十名词＋that…；
so+形容词+a/ an+可数名词单数+that …
The text was so boring that I gave up reading it half way through.
这个剧本真枯燥，我读到一半便放弃了。
He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare money.
他的工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。
结果状语从句
（2）such…that…
常用句型有：
such +a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数+that…；
such+形容词+可数名词复数+that…；
such+形容词+不可数名词+that…
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
They are such good children that we all love them.
他们是些乖孩子，我们都喜欢他们。
It is such an interesting story that it attracts a lot of children.
这是如此有趣的故事，以至于吸引了许多孩子。
结果状语从句
（3）so that 以便；为了；结果是；
We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull city.
我们搬到了乡下，从而远离了吵闹、单调的城市。
I shouted loudly so that my son could hear my voice.
我大声喊为的是让儿子能听见我的声音。
注意：
（1）为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是如此聪明的一个学生，以至于能解出所有难题。
Such a good sense of humor does he have that everyone enjoys his company.
他很有幽默感，每个人都喜欢和他在一起。
7. 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, just as就像；正像, as if, as though 等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中 as if 或as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况与事实相符，一般不用虚拟语气
Do as you are told, or you'll be fired.
按照要求做，否则你将被开除。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
那个老太太对待那个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。
I feel as if I have a fever.
我感觉我好像发烧了。
方式状语从句
方式状语从句
2. as if, as though好像 ：虚拟语气
He looks as if he were a billionaire.(现在）
他看起来好像是个亿万富翁
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in America.（过去）他英语说得很流利，好像他在美国学过英语。
He studies English so hard as if he would go to the USA. （将来）
他如此努力地学习英语，就好像他要去美国一样。
表示虚拟的时间 as if/though 方式状语从句
现在 一般过去时(be动词用were)
过去 过去完成时（had done)
将来 would/might/could+动词原形
比较状语从句
比较状语从句
（1）原级比较的用法
① 原级比较的肯定式常用as…as…结构
There are as many people in our town as (there are) in your town.
我们镇的人口和你们镇的人口一样多。
② 原级比较的否定式常用not as/ so...as...结构
His handwriting is not as/ so good as yours (is).
他的书法不如你的好。
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think it is.
这部字典不如你想象的那样有用。
比较状语从句
（2）比较级比较
① 比较级比较常用结构为…than…
He was more successful than we had expected.
他比我们预想的要成功得多。
He comes to the club less often than he used to.
他来俱乐部不如原来来得频繁。
② 另一种常用结构为“the+比较级…，the+比较级…”
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越小心，出的错就越少。
The sooner you are back, the better it will be.
你回来得越早越好。
3.表示在一定范围内的最高级含义：比较级＋than＋any other＋单数可数名词
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
汤姆比他班上的任何其他学生都高。
This book is more interesting than any other book in the library.
这本书比图书馆里的任何其他书都有趣。
目的状语从句
目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that
生怕；以免；唯恐 , in case, 以防；以备；万一等
（1）in order that与so that
两个连词都意为“以便……, 为了……”, 引导的状语从句中需用情态动词；in order that比so that正式, 引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后, 而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后
I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
我会说慢点儿以便你能理解我。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去山顶了。
Step1. 划分主从句：判断从句
完整主句或从句中，一定存在至少一个谓语动词。两个谓语动词间，要么有并列连词，要么有从句。
Step2. 判断主句是否缺主干：判断从句类型
若主句缺主语/宾语/表语，一般是主语从句/宾语从句/表语从句，都属于名词性从句。
2. 若主句不缺主语/宾语/表语—考虑定语从句/状语从句/同位语从句。
Step3: 状语从句的连接词可根据意思进行选择。比较容易区分。
解题思路

展开更多......

收起↑