资源简介

(共31张PPT)
Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Structures
What do think of the grammar
Lead in
vocabulary
grammar
What makes a sentence
句子
成分
组成句子的各个成分。
主(subject)
谓
(verb)
宾
(object)
表(predicative)
定(attribute)
状(adverbial)
宾语补足语
(object complement)
同位语
(appositive)
句子
成分
组成句子的各个成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
Classic music has become more and more popular.
Smoking is not allowed in most public places.
To protect the rare animals is our duty.
The young should help the old.
We often go to see a movie on the weekend.
Two-third of the students are boy.
When we are going to have a day off has not been decided.
It is necessary to learn a foreign language.
名词
主语
表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般用名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来担任。
动名词
动词不定式
形容词名词化
代词
数词
句子作主语，主语从句
it作形式主语,不定式为真正主语
主语一般位于句子的 ,动词的 。
一句话里 （能/不能）没有主语。
句首
前面
不能
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He reads newspaper everyday.
复合谓语：
(1) 由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。
(2) 助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。
① He has caught a bad cold.
② She is reading books.
③ Tom would stay at home all day.
谓语
谓语由动词充当，说明主语动作、状态或特征。
谓语一般位于主语的 。
一句话里 （能/不能）没有谓语。
谓语通常是 或 。
后面
不能
动词
动词短语
Danny likes coffee.
It began to rain.
I enjoy walking on the street in spare time.
How many boxes do you have I have two.
I think he is a good teacher.
She gave me an ice-cream.
They helped the ederly with the housework last month.
Students find it important to learn English well.
名词
宾语
宾语是动作的对象，位于及物动词之后/介词之后，分为动宾和介宾，一般为名词、代词、短语或从句或相当于名词的词。
动名词
动词不定式
数词
间接宾语+直接宾语
形容词名词化
宾语从句作宾语
如何快速判断宾语？在介词的 ，在动词的 。
后面
后面
形式宾语
系动词：
口诀“五四三二一”
五感：look看，sound听，smell闻，taste尝，feel感觉
四变：become变得，turn变得，get变得, grow变得
三保持：keep, stay, remain
二表象：appear呈现，seem似乎，看起来
一状态：be动词（+ adj.)
Hai Di Lao hot pot tastes delicious.
Girls in our class look pretty.
The teacher was kind and friendly.
My brother is a teacher.
The book is in your table.
Time is up. The class is over.
Are these books yours
The price of the clothes is $15.
His job is to edit some essays.
The truth is that he breaks the window.
The speech given by the professor is exciting.
表语
位于系动词后，说明主语身份、状态、性质等。一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词/形容词的词、短语、从句来充当。
名词
介词短语
副词
代词
数词
动词不定式
表语从句
形容词
a book shop
something to eat
the burnt food
a beautiful girl
a sleeping child
five cups
a dog in the dinner room
定语
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或 代词的品质与特征的成分。 它主要由 形容词、名词、代词、 数词、 介词短语、 动词不定式、 分词、 定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子来充当。
名词
形容词
数词
不定式
现在分词
过去分词
介词短语
时间状语
He is to be married next year.
地点状语
He lives over the side of the mountain.
方面状语
She is very weak in English.
原因状语
He was surprised at what she said.
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用来说明地点、时间、原因、频率、程度、方式等
结果状语
He persuaded his wife into buying a house.
目的状语
They went out to walk the dog.
条件状语
Can you see clear without your glasses
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用来说明地点、时间、原因、频率、程度、方式等
让步状语
Though rich, he’s very lonely. 他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。
程度状语
I don’t like the movie very much. 我不太喜欢这部电影。
方式状语
We came on the train. 我们坐火车来的。
伴随状语
I slept with the door open. 我开着门睡觉。
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用来说明地点、时间、原因、频率、程度、方式等
They appointed her manager.
They painted the door dark.
We found everything in good order there.
I should advise you to get the good opportunity.
I saw him going downstairs just now.
They found the house deserted.
宾语补足语
补充说明宾语英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍然不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等。
名词
形容词
介词短语
不定式
现在分词
done 过去分词
八种基本句型
1. 主语 + 谓语 （S+V）
2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S+V+O）
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （S+L+P）
4.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）
5.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （S+V+IO+DO）
6. 主语 + 谓语 + 状语（S+V+Ad）
7. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语（S+V+O+Ad）
8. there be 句型
八种基本句型
1. 主语 + 谓语 （S+V）
这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），其后面不能直接接宾语，
也没有被动语态。
① Class begins. ② The sun rose. ③ Time flies.
注意：不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语。如需要加宾语，要添加介词。
① They listened to the pop music. ② They look at the map。
有时可以用状语来修饰，表示发生的原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等。
①The sun rise in the east. ② The pen writes smoothly.
八种基本句型
2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S+V+O）
该句型中的动词都是及物动词，可作宾语的有名词（短语）、代词、动词-ing形式、不定式（to do）或宾语从句。
1) I like English.
2) She studies French.
3) We are playing football.
4) Lily had breakfast.
5) They have visited the Great Wall.
6) Tom is singing an English song.
八种基本句型
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （S+L+P）
此句型，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达出完整的意思。
1) He is growing tall and strong.
2) The dinner smells good.
3) She fell in love.
4) The problem is that they are short of money.
5) Her face turned red.
八种基本句型
4.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）
在某些及物动词 后面，要用一个“宾语 + 宾补”才能表达完整的意思。
1) She made the room warm last night.
2) They appointed him monitor.
3) They painted the door red.
4) I heard him singing songs in the room.
八种基本句型
5.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （S+V+IO+DO）
一般情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前，但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for。
(1) give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、pass等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。
(2) buy、do、get、fetch、save、make、sing、choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。
八种基本句型
5.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （S+V+IO+DO）
1) I brought you a dictionary.
2) I showed him my new clothes.
3) I told him that the bus was late.
4) He showed me how to use the machine.
八种基本句型
6. 主语 + 谓语 + 状语（S+V+Ad）
1) They were swimming in the sea.
2) The time passed quickly.
7. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语（S+V+O+Ad）
1) I have my first class at senior high school .
2) I bought a book yesterday.
在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等状语。状语用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的成分。
八种基本句型
8. there be 句型
There be中谓语的单复数形式与其邻近的名词保持一致（就近原则）。
1) There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
2) There's a boy sitting under the tree.
3) There are three people in my uncle’s family.
八种基本句型
There be句型中be的变体
There will be an English test next Monday.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There happened to be some money in my pocket.
There used to be a church across from the bank.
There seems to be more and more things for us to know and study.
Practice
B. Study the sentence structures.
[
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[
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Presentation
Exercise 3 Read the sentences and analyse the structures. P6
The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city .
We must act.
The maths home work looks easy.
The teacher found the classroom empty.
S
V
[
]
A
S
V
S
V
P
S
V
O
C
S
Presentation
My mum bought me a new dictionary.
Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
There is an English Corner at our school.
We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
V
IO
DO
S
V
O
There be句型
S
V
O
[
]
A
Exercise 4 Analyse the structures of the underlined sentences.
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There’s always something exciting to do. Ands, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!
V
that dream has come true.( )
Tim and his classmates are living on a ship.( )
They also learn about ships and the sea.( )
Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them
what happened on the ship. ( )
There’s always something exciting to do. ( )
Studying and doing homework seem much more fun. ( )
S
S+V
S
V
[
]
A
S+V+A
S
V
O
S+V+O
S
V
IO
DO
[
]
A
V
IO
DO
S+V+I O+DO
There be句型
S
V
P
S+V+P
summary
Thank you!

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