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(共21张PPT)
高考英语
重点语法思维导图
专题八 非谓语动词
01
形式及句法功能
种类 形式 意义特征 功能
动词不定式 to do 主动、将来 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语
to be done 被动、将来 to be doing 主动、进行 to have done 主动、完成 to have been done 被动、完成 过去分词 done 被动、完成 作表语、状语、定语和补语
动词-ing 形式 doing 主动、进行 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语（不作目的状语）和补语
being done 被动、进行 having done 主动、完成 having been done 被动、完成
02
1.动词-ing形式和动词不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing形式多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
2.动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
3.“there be+no+主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing形式作主语，而不用动词不定式。这种结构表示“不可能；无法”，相当于it is impossible to do sth.。
注意：本句型中的no有时可用not any或never any代替，如There is never any telling what will happen in the future.。
Teaching English is my job.
Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.
There is no reasoning with him.
非谓语动词作主语
02
4.动词不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
5.动词-ing形式作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构“it is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste of ...”中使用。
6.单个动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时，若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。
7.“疑问词+to do”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
To keep healthy is important.= It is important to keep healthy.
It is a waste of time regretting what happened in the past.
非谓语动词作主语
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
Where to find the lost keys is still a problem.
03
1.动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而
动词-ing形式表示通常状况，动词-ing形式和过去分词均表示主语的状态。
2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My money is stolen. （主系表结构，表状态或结果）
My money was stolen by an unemployed guy. （被动语态，表动作）
3.动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：
His favorite sport is playing football. （主系表结构）
His behavior is pleasing. （主系表结构）
He is playing football. （现在进行时）
Tony's plan is to finish his essay by the end of this month.
非谓语动词作表语
04
1.单个动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语，一般应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping boy （动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态）
fallen leaves （不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果）
the broken glass （及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成）
2.动词-ing形式短语、过去分词短语和动词不定式短语作定语，应置于被修饰的名词后。
The person speaking now is our manager. （正在讲话）
The person to speak is our manager. （将要讲话）
The room already repaired is my office. （已经被维修）
The room being repaired is my office. （正在被维修）
The room to be repaired is my office. （将要被维修）
非谓语动词作定语
注意
① 修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。
② 在“have+宾语+to do”结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
③ There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：
There is much work to do/to be done. （将要做）
There is a white dog running on the playground. （正在跑）
There were people killed in the accident. （已经丧生）
④ 有些名词后常接不定式作定语，如ability/the right/the chance/the courage/no
time, etc.。
04
非谓语动词作定语
05
1.动词不定式作状语表目的、结果和原因
2.动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语
3.一些连词常与过去分词和动词-ing形式连用，构成状语从句的省略形式常见的连词有：when, while, if, unless, once, than, as （按照）, whether, though, although, even if, even though等； as if常与不定式连用，表示将要发生的动作。
To be honest, I don't like those people who wear strange clothes.
Hearing the news, she cried out.
非谓语动词作状语
While driving on the highway, please be careful.
注意下列句型的使用
The question is easy to answer. （不定式用主动形式表被动含义）
The ground is too wet to walk on. （介词on不可省略）
He is just too glad to do so. （too被just, only, but 修饰，不定式表肯定）
He is too ready to get angry. （too后加表倾向的形容词easy, ready以及表心理的形容词glad, anxious, willing, happy, eager等，不定式表肯定）
One is never too old to learn. （too被never, not修饰表示“不会太……而不能”）
05
非谓语动词作状语
含介词to的短语后应接动词-ing形式作宾语
pay attention to, add up to, be devoted to, look forward to, get down to, be reduced to, stick to, object to, lead to, be/get used to （习惯于）, admit to, thanks to, due to, owing to, be accustomed to, adapt to, adjust to, contribute to, be related to, be linked to, refer to等
05
非谓语动词作状语
06
1.作介词的宾语
（1）介词but, except后可接不定式作宾语。
（2）介词for 之后接动词-ing形式表用途，不表目的。
（3）how/what/where/when/whether等+to do可作介词的宾语。
2.作及物动词的宾语
（1）用动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语意义差别不大的动词有begin, start等。
（2）用动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语意义有差别的动词（短语）
非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语意义有差别
① try to do意为“尽力做某事”， try doing意为“试着做某事”。
② love, like, prefer, hate等后，表具体一次性动作，而动词-ing表一般习惯性动作。
③ stop to do意为 “停下去做另一件事”， stop doing 意为“停止正在做的事”。
④ mean to do意为“打算做某事”，mean doing 意为“意味着”。
⑤ want/need/require+doing 是主动形式表示被动含义，相当于to be done。
⑥ can't help to do意为“不能帮助做某事”， can't help doing 意为“禁不住做某事”。
⑦ regret to do意为“对感到遗憾”或表原因， regret doing 意为“后悔做了某事”。
06
非谓语动词作宾语
只能接动词-ing形式作宾语
admit, deny, advise, suggest, allow, permit, forbid, avoid, appreciate, consider, finish, delay, enjoy, escape, imagine, keep, mind, miss, mention, practice, quit, resist, risk, recommend, put off, give up, insist on, feel like, keep on, think of, succeed in, be engaged in, prevent/stop/keep ... from等
06
非谓语动词作宾语
1.【2025年全国高考一卷】“We hope____55____(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
2.【2025年全国高考二卷】Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance____42____(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
03
高考真题
to present
to discover
3.【2025年1月浙江首考】Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women____60____(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one - time event dressing.
4.【2025年全国高考二卷】If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt____45____(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
5.【2025年1月浙江首考】I know that doesn’t always mean_____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
03
高考真题
to rent
left
returning
6.【2025年北京卷】I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone____12____(scare).
7.【2025年北京卷】When____17____(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
8.【2024年新课标Ⅰ卷】Scientists have responded by 67______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) on land as they are forced to spend more time on shore.
03
高考真题
scared
traveling
noting
9.【2024年新课标Ⅱ卷】A 90 - year - old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61______ (be) Britain's oldest full - time employee - still working 40 hours a week.
10.【2024年新课标Ⅱ卷】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65______ (retire).
03
高考真题
being
to retire
1.【2025·安徽省安庆市第一中学高三模拟】They point to dragons in the West being usually thought of as evil creatures. Dragons, they say, are typically seen as symbols of chaos, _____________ (describe) as enemies in Western mythology and literature.
2.【2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8月联考】___________ （adopt）Chinese technical standards, the China - Laos Railway is China’s first - international railway project primarily funded and built by Chinese companies and connected to China’s railway network.
04
最新试题
described
Adopting
3.【2025·云南省保山市高三摸底】And more train services are being operated along the line ______ (meet) passengers’ needs.
4.【2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三联考】Compared with Chinese festivals, which often center around family reunion (团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize celebration, ______ (reflect) a more individualistic culture.
04
最新试题
to meet
reflecting
5.【2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟】“I had prepared for this concert for nearly a year. I am very proud and excited ___________ (display) the traditional Chinese musical instrument in Cuba and communicate with local musicians,” said Hu, who went through a journey of over 50 hours from Shanghai to Havana.
6.【2025·广东省佛山市H7联盟】The instrument is also included into the educational system, where it is taught in schools as part of the efforts ______ (preserve) cultural heritage and promote traditional music education, passing down both musical techniques and cultural values from one generation to the next.
04
最新试题
to display
to preserve
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