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(共36张PPT)
非谓语动词
——高考突围
目录
01.
真题唤醒
02.
概念厘定
03.
考点速通
04.
难点升级
05.
秒题口诀
06.
综合演练
08.
易错清零
07.
写作迁移
09.
冲刺打卡
01
真题唤醒
Part 1: 真题观察与探索 (Discovery)
请仔细观察以下近年高考真题，思考：括号中的动词在句中充当谓语吗？它们是以什么形式出现的？
1. (2024全国甲卷) Yellowstone was the largest United States national park... until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ..., ______ (take) the honors as a national park in 1980...
2. (2023新高考I卷) ... a system ______ (call) “ship-trap island” ______ (use) by the pirates.
3. (2022全国乙卷) ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks magnificent.
4. (2021新高考I卷) ______ (improve) your communication skills, you need to practice more.
taking
called
used
Seen
To improve
Part 1: 真题观察与探索 (Discovery)
请仔细观察以下近年高考真题，思考：括号中的动词在句中充当谓语吗？它们是以什么形式出现的？
5. (2020全国I卷) The librarian spent the whole afternoon ______ (sort) out the new books.
6. (2019浙江卷) With a lot of difficult problems ______ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
7. (2023全国甲卷) I remember ______ (take) to the museum by my father when I was a child.
8. (2022北京卷) The film is about ______ (shoot) in Tibet next month.
9. (2021全国甲卷) The news was ______ (excite), and we were all ______ (excite).
sorting
to settle
being taken
to be shot
exciting
excited
02
概念厘定
通过以上例题，我们可以发现两个核心规律：
1. 这些动词（take, call, use, see...）在句中都未充当谓语动词。
2. 它们保留了动词的某些特性（如可带宾语、状语），但形式发生了变化，变成了to do, doing, done 等形式。具体如下：
非谓语
动词变形，却不作谓语，是句子的“配角”。
形式分工
主动/进行用 doing ，被动/完成用 done ，目的/将来用 to do 。
主语错位
动作发出者常与句子主语分离。
非谓语动词：三位一体认知框架
非谓语动词是不受主语人称和数限制的动词形式，兼具动词与名词、形容词、副词的句法功能，是英语句子的“变形金刚”。
to do
意义：目的、将来
功能：名词、形容词、副词
V-ing
意义：主动、进行
功能：名词、形容词、副词
V-ed
意义：被动、完成
功能：形容词、副词
形式服务意义：一眼辨差异
to do (目的/将来)
I have a lot of homework to do .
(今晚将要去做)
doing (主动/进行)
I saw him doing his homework.
(当时正在做)
done (被动/完成)
The homework done , he went out.
(作业已被完成)
核心原则：先判断意义，再确定形式。
03
考点速通
1. 作主语 (As Subject)
（1）不定式主语：多表示具体的、一次性的动作，常采用形式主语 it 结构避免头重脚轻。
To master a foreign language requires consistent effort.
It is challenging to complete this project within two days.
（2） 动名词主语：多表示习惯性、抽象性的动作。
Jogging every morning improves your health.
Solving complex problems is what he enjoys most.
(2023·全国) Getting enough sleep is crucial. (泛指)
动名词作主语，表示一般性、习惯性的动作。
The purpose is to set up a committee. (特指)
不定式作表语，表示具体的、一次性的目的。
2. 作宾语 (As Object)
（1）接不定式作宾语的动词：侧重意图、决定或承诺（decide, promise, refuse, plan）。
He decided to study abroad next year.
（2） 接动名词作宾语的动词：多涉及情感、偏好或避免（avoid, enjoy, suggest, mind）。
She avoids eating spicy food.
（3）特殊动词接两者意义不同：
He forgot to lock the door.（忘了要锁门）
He forgot locking the door.（忘了锁过门）
3. 作定语 (As Attribute)
（1）不定式作后置定语：表将来或未发生的动作，修饰抽象名词（chance, way, time）。
She is the best person to solve this issue.
（2）现在分词作定语：表主动、进行，置于名词前或后。
The girl singing on the stage is my cousin.
（3） 过去分词作定语：表被动、完成。
The book written by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages.
定语用法：前置后置的密码
现在分词 (doing)
前置： a sleeping baby (主动/进行)
后置： a baby sleeping in the cradle (主动/进行)
主动进行可前置，可后置
过去分词 (done)
前置： the broken window (被动/完成)
后置： the window broken yesterday (被动/完成)
被动完成多后置 (如: the problem discussed)
解题顺序：先判被动 → 再定位置
3. 作定语 (As Attribute)
4. 作状语 (As Adverbial)
（1）目的状语（不定式）：
To catch the early train, she left home at dawn.
（2）原因状语（分词）：
Being exhausted, he went to bed early.
Encouraged by his teacher, he continued his research.
（3）结果状语（不定式/分词）：
He studied hard, only to fail the exam.（出乎意料）
The new policy was implemented, making everyone happy.（自然结果）
状语易错：逻辑主语一致性
正确示例
Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.
(the city 被看)
Walking in the park , we saw beautiful flowers.
(we 走路)
垂悬分词 (错误)
Walking in the park , the flowers are beautiful.
(flowers 会走路？逻辑荒谬！)
三步法解题
1. 找主语
2. 辨主被动
3. 定形式
5. 作补足语 (As Complement)
（1）宾语补足语：
I saw him crossing the street.（主动进行）
I heard my name called.（被动完成）
（2）主语补足语：
He is said to have moved to Canada.
04
难点升级
独立主格
自带主语的分词短语，是写作中的高级加分项。
结构：
名词/代词 + 分词 (doing/done)
注意：逻辑主语 ≠ 句子主语
Weather permitting , we will go for a picnic.
= If weather permits, we will...
There being no bus , we had to walk home.
= Because there was no bus, we...
易错清零：to 是介词还是不定式？
真题改错：look forward to see → 正确： look forward to seeing
look forward to
盼望
be used to
习惯于
pay attention to
注意
devote... to...
致力于
stick to
坚持
object to
反对
急救口诀：介 to 后跟 doing，不定 to 后才动词原形！
05
秒题口诀
秒题口诀：四步破题法
1
找谓语
划出句子主干
→
2
析成分
判断空格作用
→
3
辨主被动
找逻辑主语
→
4
定时间
判断先后/目的
例：(2022·浙江) He had no choice but to work hard. (析成分→宾语；辨主被动→主动；定时间→将来/目的)
易错形态急救表
常见错误
have no choice but do
Having been seen from...
look forward to do
be busy to do
正确形式
have no choice but to do
Seen from the hill...
look forward to doing
be busy doing
真题回练 (30秒挑战)
1. He has no choice but to give in. (give)
2. Seen from space, the earth looks blue. (see)
06
综合演练
综合演练：2024全国甲卷复盘
...The Chinese government has made great efforts to protect (protect) the milu deer. In 1985, it brought 38 deer from Britain to reintroduce (reintroduce) the species to China. Taking (take) good care of them, the number has grown to over 10,000 today...
to protect
目的状语
to reintroduce
目的状语
Taking
伴随状语
用笔划主干、圈主语、标箭头，真题也不过如此！
长难句集群拆解
The study suggests getting (get) enough sleep is crucial, with participants performing (perform) significantly better in memory tasks compared (compare) to those who were sleep-deprived.
getting enough sleep
动名词短语作宾语
with participants performing
with复合结构作伴随状语
compared to those
过去分词短语作条件状语
分层符号化，高密度信息也能快速识别！
07
写作迁移
写作迁移：让作文瞬间高级
平庸版 (Because 状从)
Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. The work was finished. I felt relaxed.
高级版 (分词状语)
Feeling tired , I went to bed early. The work finished , I felt relaxed.
Starting with...
Compared with...
Having experienced...
点亮结尾，惊艳阅卷
用独立主格结构，为作文打造一个高级、有力的结尾。
万能模板：
名词 + done , 主句.
例： Every effort made , we are bound to succeed.
08
易错清零
易错清零：垂悬分词
学生真实错句
Walking in the park , the flowers are beautiful.
逻辑错误：flowers 不能 walk。
三步纠错法
1. 找回逻辑主语
(we)
2. 改为状从
When we walk...
3. 调整主句主语
we see...
易错清零：完成式 vs 被动式
Having been done
(强调时间先后：先被...，然后...)
Having been told the news, she cried.
(先被告知，然后哭)
Done
(只表被动，不强调时间)
Told the news, she cried.
(被告知，然后哭)
优先级：先被动，再完成。不要混淆！
09
冲刺打卡
冲刺打卡：30题速测
限时 8 分钟
1. I enjoy ___.
2. I want ___.
3. I saw him ___.
4. The book ___ is mine.
5. ___ in the rain, I got wet.
6. I look forward to ___.
7. He had his hair ___.
8. The weather ___, we went out.
9. I have no choice but ___.
10. ___ from space, Earth is blue.
将四步口诀转化为条件反射！
讲评与提升
答案与精讲
1. reading (enjoy doing)
2. to read (want to do)
3. leave (see sb do)
4. lying on the table (后置定语)
5. Walking (主动/进行)
6. hearing from you (介to)
7. cut (have sth done)
8. permitting (独立主格)
9. to wait (but to do)
10. Seen (被动/完成)
课后提升指令
用非谓语动词改写本周作文，至少使用三种形式，并圈出独立主格结构。
带走急救表，完成改写任务，实现闭环！
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