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(共31张PPT)
2026届高考一轮复习
--非谓语动词
概念
形式
易混点
习题
目录
一句话中，若在句中已经找到了谓语动词，且没有连词（连接句子），则考虑用动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词就像动词的分身，不能独立作谓语，但可以扮演其他角色（定语/状语/宾语等）。
一、概念
二、形式（高考高频重点）
形式 含义 主动 被动 完成 进行
V--ing 主动 进行 doing being done having done --
V--ed 被动 完成 -- done having done being
done
--to do 目的 将来 to do to be done to have done to be doing
三、易错点
1、--ing VS to do作状语
（1）--ing：表示主动关系，表伴随、自然而然的结果; having done强调动作发生在主句谓语之前；having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且发生在谓语动作之前。
eg: Realizing that I was the winner of the gold medal, I was surrounded by surprise and disbelief.
eg: Having thought it over, I mentioned some events which won
people’s praise for his determination and perseverance.
（2）to do：
作目的状语，用于句中时不能用逗号；to do; in order to do; so as to do;
作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果, to do; only to do; enough to do; so/such...as to do; enough to do; too...to do;
eg: To protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use.
eg: He woke up early, only to find the train had left.
2、作定语（语法填空常考）
（1）to do作定语：①当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only、the next、the last、the right等修饰，用不定式作定语；eg: He was the best man to do the job.
②抽象名词ability, attempt, ambition, decision, effort, failure, way, promise，chance, opportunity, wish等后用动词不定时作后置定语；eg: He has the ability to do this job.
（2）v--ed VS v--ing作定语
①现在分词：表示主动或正在进行的动作。being done表示被动且正进行的动作，作后置定语。eg: Those wishing to join this club should sign here. The building being built now is a hospital. A developing country 发展中国家（正在发展）
②过去分词：表被动，完成；eg: Among those invited were some ladies. A developed country 发达国家（已经发展过）
3、to do VS v--ing作宾语
（1）后跟不定式作宾语的动词：
afford, agree, arrange, ask, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend，promise，refuse, want, wish, aim, fail, long, happen, hesitate, struggle, attempt, volunteer, desire等。
在wh-疑问词后常跟不定式作宾语
（2）后跟动名词作宾语的动词：
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, practice, delay/put off，fancy, avoid, miss，keep/keep on, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, forbid，imagine，risk, can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape, insist on, be busy, can't help, get down to, be worth;
（3）既可跟不定式也可跟动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词
remember to do sth.记着要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事regret to do sth.遗憾地去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事can’t help to do sth.不能帮忙做 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做
利润60%
4、非谓语动词作补语
（1）常跟不定式作宾补的动词：
allow，ask，beg，cause , command, elect, forbid, force, get, help, intend, invite, would like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, advise, wish, encourage, instruct, urge等
（2）分词：①在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, feel等；②在“使”动词后作宾补。have/get/keep/leave/make+宾语+宾补（宾补可由非谓语充当）③with复合结构: with+宾语+to do/doing/done。Eg: With the problem solved, we felt relieved. (solve作宾补，和逻辑主语problem构成被动关系，用过去分词表被动；)She wants to have her hair cut. (cut作宾补，和逻辑主语hair构成被动关系，用过去分词表被动；)
220万
四、非谓语动词应用（紧扣高考命题点）
1、语法填空
（1）These sepals open on warm days 　　　　(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
to give　考查非谓语动词。根据句意:这些萼片在温暖的日子会打开,里面的植物可以吸收阳光和新鲜空气。此处为不定式作目的状语。
（2）To eat one, you have to decide whether　　　(bite)
a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
to bite　考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上迸出。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空格处与下文to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
（3）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, （ ） 　　　　(surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
surrounded　考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内城和外城构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构可知,空格处为非谓语动词作定语。因为surround与the Forbidden City之间存在动宾关系, 故需填动词-ed形式surrounded。
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内容
（4）It is one of the funniest things (find) on the Internet so far this year.
（5） (attract) by the beauty of its buildings on their first visit, they decided to tour the small town again.
（4）考查非谓语动词。is是系动词，find处理为非谓语，find和逻辑主语things之间构成被动关系，所以为过去分词found；（5）考查非谓语动词。attract吸引和逻辑主语they构成被动，他们是被吸引的，另外，后边有by,也说明是被动；所以用Attracted;
（6） (speak) English well, one must have a lot of practice. （7）The noise (make) by the machine could be heard at nignt.
（8） (make)this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.
（6）考查非谓语动词。根据句意，为了说好英语，表目的，所以用to speak;（7）考查非谓语动词。“噪音”和“制造”之间为被动，所以用made; could be为句子谓语动词；（8）考查非谓语动词。根据句意，“为了制作蛋糕”所以用to make, 表目的；
45%
70%
（9） (praise) too much for his intelligence, Harry often overlooks the importance of effort.
（10） (devote) to teaching, she couldn’t afford time to take good care of her young children.
（9）考查非谓语动词。主语Harry和praise表扬之间为被动关系，所以用Praised，句子谓语动词为overlooks;（10）考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 be devoted to ，devote和主语she之间构成被动，用Devoted;
（11） (throw) their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
（12） (see) from the mountain, the lake is very beautiful.
（13） (see) from the mountain, we find the lake is very beautiful.
（11）考查非谓语动词。throw 和逻辑主语the fans（粉丝）之间构成主动，粉丝扔帽子······，所以用Throwing表示主动；（12）考查非谓语动词。see看的动作和逻辑主语lake, 构成被动关系，lake湖是被看到的，所以用过去分词seen表示被动;（13）考查非谓语动词。see看的动作和逻辑主语we构成主动关系，我们看到······，所以用seeing表示主动; (注意和上一题的区别)。
（14） (catch) in a heavy rain, the teacher fell ill and couldn’t but ask a leave.（15） (drive) by the rising price of gas, many car owners use their cars less frequently.
（14）考查非谓语动词。Caught，固定搭配be caught in, the teacher 和困住之间构成被动；非谓语作状语。（15）考查非谓语动词。Driven；drive在此为“驱动”之意，many car owners和驱动之间构成被动，所以用Driven；非谓语作状语。
02
03
04
（16）There is an old woman in our town (call) Old Alice who is said to be 108 years old.（17）There are a lot of signs (indicate) men are more likely to have heart attacks than women.
（16）考查非谓语动词。called， is为系动词，call处理为非谓语，woman和call叫做之间是被动，女士被叫做······，故被动，用ed;（17）考查非谓语动词。indicating, are 为谓语动词，indicate表明，处理为非谓语，signs迹象和表明之间为主动关系，故，用ing表示主动；
（18）The bridge (build) next year will be very long.
（19）The book (write) by him last year is a bestseller.
（20）We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art···
（18）to be built；考查非谓语动词。bridge桥和修建build之间为被动，to be built 为to do的被动，表将来“明年将被修建的那座桥是非常长的”。
（19）written；考查非谓语：系动词is, write处理为非谓语，和逻辑主语book之间构成被动；written by him为过去分词短语作后置定语；
（20）to present; 考查非谓语，hope to do sth. 希望做某事；to do不定式 作宾语；
**解题牢记**：一句话中有且只能有一个谓语动词（没有连词的情况下），再出现动词用非谓语形式；主动被动看和逻辑主语的关系，先后顺序看动词动作完成的先后；
**答题思路**1、判断是否用非谓语动词：看句子中是否有谓语动词，若有，再看是否有连词和从句，若有连词和从句，继续看是否有谓语动词；若无连词和从句，则考虑用非谓语；2、判断用主动还是被动：找非谓语的逻辑主语，判断动词动作和逻辑主语的关系，是主谓（主动）还是动宾（被动）关系；3、判断时态若非谓语动词动作先于谓语动作发生，用完成时；同时发生用进行时-ing；未发生用不定时to do;
2、写作
（1）She was excited and she jumped up.(简单句)（改非谓语高级句）： （2）Because he was inspired by the speech, he decided to study hard.（改过去分词短语作状语）：
（1）Excited, she jumped up.（2）Inspired by the speech, he decided to study hard.（过去分词短语作原因状语，放句首，逗号隔开；）
（3）All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.（改过去分词短语作后置定语）： （4）The students were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.（改动词不定式作状语）：
（3）All the people here like the novel written by Tom.（过去分词短语作后置定语，和名词之间构成被动关系；）（4）The students were making the most of time so as to finish the work earlier.（动词不定时作目的状语，形式有so as to; to do; in order to;）
（5）被他的精神所感动，我跟着他，一路上为他加油。 （6）完成了所有工作，她高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
（5）Moved by his spirit, I followed him and cheered him up along the way.（过去分词短语作原因状语；和逻辑主语I之间构成被动，“被感动”；）（6）Having finished all the work, she jumped with joy, her eyes glittering with excitement.（现在分词短语作状语，非谓语动作finish和逻辑主语I之间构成主动，且发生在谓语动词动作jump之前，用完成形式；）
（7）被恐惧感抓住，我一个字也说不出来。 （8）听到这个好消息，她高兴地跳了起来，眼睛像星星一样闪闪发光。
（7）Seized by a sense of fear, I was unable to utter a word.（过去分词短语作原因状语，表达情绪的经典句型；）（8）Hearing this good news, she jumped up excitedly with her eyes sparkling like shining stars.（现在分词短语作状语，hearing/knowing/learning···用法；）
（9）回想起那一幕，李华非常后悔，忍不住哭了起来，泪水夺眶而出。 （10）走了很久，她发现自己迷路了。
（9）Recalling the scene, Li Hua was so regretful that she couldn’t stop crying, tears sparking out her eyes.（现在分词短语作状语，表达地道；）（10）Having walked for quite a long time, she found herself lost. （走的动作发生在发现之前，完成时，现在分词短语作状语；）
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