资源简介

(共36张PPT)
高考一轮复习之
定语从句(Attributive clause)
由于语言差异，汉语中的定语一般位于所修饰词前，而英语中如果定语过长要后置，所以才有了后置定语。。
如：to do, 分词短语, 介词短语, 句子。
定语从句
定语从句
用来修饰、限定名词或代词的成分，说明其特征、性质、所属等。如：“明亮的教室”中的“明亮的”就是定语。
定语
概念:
分类:
前置定语和后置定语。
通常在先行词后[定语从句前面的先行词是n. (名词)或pron. (代词) ]
定语从句分类：
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(有逗号隔开)
This woman has set a good example to her son, who is a really lucky boy.
定语从句
1.复合不定代词(some-, any-, every-,no-
2. 指示代词（those)
3. 不定代词（some, all, any...)
非限制性定语从句不用that和why
定语从句的位置：
定语从句
定语从句考点: 1. 主谓一致； 2. 引导词
引导词
关系代词(6个)：
that; which; who; whom; whose; as
关系副词(7个)：
when, where, why
定语从句不完整用关系代词(缺主语或缺宾语或缺定语)
定语从句完整用关系副词
(从句不缺主语，不缺宾语或不缺表语)
定语从句
关系代词的使用
定语从句所缺成分 先行词 从句缺主语 从句缺宾语 从句缺定语
指人 who / that who / that / whom / 限制性定语从句可省 whose(...的)
指物 which / that/ which / that / 限制性定语从句可省 先行词的
定语从句
which与as引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句后 位置灵活: 可放主句前，主句后，或主句中
搭配上 无动词搭配 谓语动词通常是表感觉或心理活动的动词: see,hear, know,expect, remember...
意思上 这... 正如...; 正像...的那样
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
As can be seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.
Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist.
There was a net bar around here, as I remember.
as多用于下列习惯用语中:
① as anybody can see 正如大家所看到的那样
② as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
③ as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
④ as has been said before 如之前所述
⑤ as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的那样
定语从句
特别提示:
1. as引导限制性定语从句时,先行词前有such，so,或the same修饰，且as不能省略。意为: 像...一样的
I bought the same book as you have.
I’ll give you such things as you may need.
She is so nice a girl as we all like.
注意: the same...that...表示同一个人或物，
the same...as....表示同一类。
This is the same wallet that I have left.
定语从句
2.只用关系代词that的情况
1). 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, something, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时
Dou you have anything (that) you want to say for yourself.
You can take any seat that is free.
定语从句
2). 先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或the only, the very, the last等或被形容词最高级修饰时。
The first thing (that) we should do is to get some food.
This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen.
The best (that) I could do was to appologise.
This is the very book that I am looking for.
She is the only person that understands me.
定语从句
3). 当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时
(先行词是两个，一个指人，一个指物)
The scientist and his achievements (that) you told me about are admired by us all.
定语从句
4). 定语从句出现在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
5). 有两个定语从句时，其中一个用关系代词which，另一个宜用that
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
定语从句
6). 当先行词为主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时
That’s a good book that will help you a lot.
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.
定语从句
3.只用关系代词which的情况
1). 在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词指物时用which
The table under which the boy crawled was put up for writing.
2). 在非限制性定语从句，指物或指前面整个句子时用which
Helen, was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
定语从句
3). 关系代词后面有插入语, 用which
Here is the English grammer which I think will help improve your English.
定语从句
1. The train _______________ has just left is for Shenzhen.
2. The story ________________ he told was very interesting.
3. The watch, _______ was a gift from his father, was very important to him.
4. At the same time, another student, ______ saw everything, went up to help.
5. At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend _______ family business was running hotel.
which / that
which / that/ 省
which
who
whose
定语从句
关系副词的使用
关系副词 先行词 句中充当成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点或抽象地点名词(situation， point， activity， case， stage.... 地点状语
why 原因(reason) 原因状语
定语从句
1. I never forget the day ______ I won the prize.
2. This is the mountain village ______ I stayed last year.
3. Tell me the reason ____ she was late.
4. The Voice of China has set up a stage ______ some people can realize their dreams.
5. They have reached the point _______ they have to separate with each other.
when
where
why
where
where
定语从句
特别提示:
1. way后定语从句的引导词
(1) 当先行词是way时，若定语从句中不缺主语，宾语或表语，即way在从句中作状语，则从句用in which或that引导，引导词也可省略。
The way _____________ he spoke to us was suspicious.
I feel angry about the way ________________ he treated me.
that / in which
that / in which
定语从句
(2) 当先行词是way时，若定语从句中缺主语，宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句。若先行词在定语从句中充当宾语时可省略。
定语从句
特别提示:
2. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1) 若介词放在关系代词之前，先行词指物，用which；先行词指人，用whom。关系代词是所有格时用whose即“介词+whose+n.”。
This is the camera with which he often takes photo.
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
Mr. Wang, with whose help I finished the work on time, is one of the teachers I like and respect.
定语从句
(2) 该结构中介词的使用
a. 一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词可以从三方面入手
①先行词的意义；
②从句中动词或形容词是固定搭配
③句子的意思
The house in which we live is very large.
This is the man of whom his parents are proud.
The person _______ you’ll write Mr. Green.
The old man was talking with Mr. Smith, _______ hospital I was operated on.
to whom
in whose
定语从句
b. 表示“整体和部分的关系”，常用介词of。常见结构:
①介词前有some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词时，用of which / of whom
The Greens have two daughter, both of whom are college students.
定语从句
②介词前有the+比较级或最高级时，用of which / of whom
He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.
定语从句
(3). “介词+关系代词”，在定语从句中作时间，地点，原因状语时，相当于when，where，why。
I’ll never forget the day on which / when I joined the army.
The factory in which / where his father works is far away from my hometown.
I don’t know the reason for which / why he was late for school.
定语从句
总结
要掌握定语从句，请记住以下步骤：
1. 找先行词：确定被修饰的名词或代词是什么。
2. 分析从句：看关系词在从句中充当什么成分（主语、宾语、定语还是状语）。
3. 选择关系词：根据先行词和成分选择正确的关系词（who, which, that, whose, when, where, why）。
4. 判断从句类型：看是否需要逗号（是非限制性还是限制性）。
真题再现
1. (2025年新课标1卷) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56. ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 上海久事美术馆的一场展览正在展出受围棋启发的艺术品，围棋是世界上最古老的围棋游戏之一，它起源于4000多年前的中国。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，originated是谓语动词，从句缺主语，先行词是weiqi(指物), 故填which.
which
真题再现
2. (2025年新课标2卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 36. ________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains...
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫以及他的家人住在浙江的一个农村，在这里竹子和茶树在山上野生生长。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang, 表地点且从句不缺成分， 故填where.
where
真题再现
3. (2025年北京卷) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19. _______ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 然而，根据野生动物基金会的一份报告可知，去年游客产生了13亿多吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1.3 billion tons of food waste(指物), accounted for是从句的谓语，从句缺主语，故填which.
which
真题再现
4. (2024年新课标2卷) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 56. ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 纪念汤显祖的中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德增添了国际特色。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tang Xianzu(指人), is known for是从句的谓语，从句缺主语，故填who.
who
真题再现
5. (2023年全国甲卷) Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 58.___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow” , Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable.
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 然而，正如蕾切尔卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍有价值。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，从句谓语动词says后缺宾语，故填as.
as
真题再现
6. (2023年全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, 59. ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable...
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 从前，在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的所有生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受和平的生活。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a town（指地点)，且从句不缺成分，故填where.
where
真题再现
7. (2023年全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 58. _____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,...
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a place(指物)，welcomes作从句的谓语，从句缺主语，故填which或that.
which / that
真题再现
8. (2022年新课标1卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65. ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善了该地区的生态健康。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the species(指物)且被不定代词all修饰，live作从句的谓语，从句缺主语，故填that.
that
真题再现
9. (2020年新课标1卷)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3. ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 中国首次必须将一颗卫星送入月球轨道上的特定位置，以便其能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a spot(指地点)，从句完整，故填where.
where
真题再现
10. (2020年新课标3卷) In ancient China lived an artist 1. _____ paintings were almost lifelike.
解析：考查定语从句。句意: 在古代中国住了译为画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是an artist，were作从句的谓语，从句缺定语，故填whose.
whose
THANKS

展开更多......

收起↑