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(共27张PPT)
Unit 1
Lights, camera, action!
Grammar and usage
Part 01 Exploring the rules
A Exploring the rules
Below is an introduction Laura gave to her class about The Jungle Book. Pay attention to the underlined subjects and verbs and fill in the table below. The first two have been done for you.
its old age shows
The new film uses
not only the animals but also the jungle is
Building the jungle environment on the computer was
The Jungle Book lasts
there is enough tension and humour
Two hours seems
Mowgli and his animal friends live
subject
a, c, d, e, g, h
b, f
主谓一致
指句子的谓语必须与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近原则
语法一致原则
指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
My brother likes sports.
我的弟弟喜欢运动
Water boils at 100℃. 水在100度的时候沸腾。
These toys are designed for children under three years old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
语法一致原则
归纳一：两个名词由and 连接作主语时，A, B表示不同的人，物或观念时，谓语动词用_____形式。
Jay Chou and JJ Lin are pop stars.
The singer and dancer attends our party frequently.
主语虽有and连，and后面没有冠，仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是______；
复数
单数
语法一致原则
归纳二：表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks , glasses, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等作主语时,谓语动词通常用______形式.
但如与a kind of, the kind of, a pair of, the pair of等连用，作主语时，谓语动词用_______形式.
The pair of glasses makes our maths teacher more charming.
Glasses are sometimes important to a person's image.
复数
单数
语法一致原则
归纳三： more than one(不止一个)和many a(许多中的一个)等作定语修饰做主语的单数可数名词时,谓语动词用_________。
More than one pop singer feels like being a competitor of I AM A SINGER.
Many a professional musician thinks highly of this show.
Many a professional musician thinks highly of this show.
语法一致原则
归纳四：
Each of the shows appeals to audience.
each
neither
either
+of + the+复数名词或代词在句中
作主语时，谓语动词应该用单数;
Neither of the books on the table belongs to me.
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.
每个人都为运动会做好准备了。
语法一致原则
Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。
复合不定代词anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody，everything, nobody, nothing及不定代词either, each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
语法一致原则
The teacher as well as the students likes the painting.
老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
由as well as, along with, together with, with, rather than, but, except，besides，in addition to，like，including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与(短语)介词前面的主语保持一致。
Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Saturday.
每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
语法一致原则
"one of+可数名词复数"后跟定语从句时，从中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而"the (only) one of +可数名词复数"后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai.
他是那此去过上海的学生中的一个。
He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai.
他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。
语法一致原则
单个不定式(短语), 动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用_____。
Singing in front of audience is an enjoyable experience for the singers.
To be a programmer is my goal which I am trying to achieve.
语法一致原则
在定语从句中:
先行词+who/which/that（作主语）引导定语从句，从句谓语与_______一致。
Those who want to go should sign your names here.
Anyone who wants to go should sign your names here.
意义一致原则
all，none，some, any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
All are here and all is ready. 所有的人都已到一切就绪。
All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion.
所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。
None have arrived vet. 还无人到来。
None is more qualified for the task than him.
没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。
意义一致原则
"all/most/half/the rest of+名词/代词"或"分数/百分数+名词/代词"作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of her time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes.
其余的建筑物并不难到达，她剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
The number of people invited was fifty , but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
邀请的人数是50，但很多人因不同的原因没来。
意义一致原则
Twenty kilometers is quite a long distance. 20千米是相当长的一段距离。
表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。
Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time.
那时 50 美元对我来说是一大笔钱。
集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
(1) 有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如 cattle, people, police 等。
The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill. 牛群正在山脑下吃草。
意义一致原则
集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
(2) 有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family, class, audience, team, group, band, committee(委员会)等。
① 强调整体，谓语动词用单数。
There was a big audience at the evening party. 晚会上观众很多。
The football team is being reorganized. 这支足球队正在重组。
② 强调成员，谓语动词用复数。
Class One are all out on the playground to cheer for the athletes.
一班的同学都到操场上为运动员加油去了。。
意义一致原则
集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
(3) 有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing, equipment, furniture, jewellery, poetry等。
The furniture in this room has been made to order.
这个房间的家具是定做的。
All their clothing is bright and attractive.
他们所有的衣服都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。
Most of their equipment has been shipped ahead of schedule.
他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。
就近原则
指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
either...or…, ...or ..., neither…nor..., not only… but also…, not...but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。
Are you or he good at English 是你还是他擅长英语
Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing.
不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。
there be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
来上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
Part 02 Applying the rules
B1
Circle the correct words to complete the following sentences.
B2
After the talk, Laura chatted with Simon. Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below. Some verbs can be used more than once.
be look make require
makes
is
looks
is
are
B2
After the talk, Laura chatted with Simon. Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below. Some verbs can be used more than once.
be look make require
was required
was/were
were
SEE
SEE
YOU
YOU
NEXT
NEXT
TIME
TIME

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