资源简介 专题02 非限制性定语从句(期中复习讲义)(原卷版)单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势选必一Unit1 非限制性定语从句 单项选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出:借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境,将语法考查与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。知识点一、非限制性定语从句的核心定义定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导,但不能用that引导。1.非限制性定语从句的本质作用:(1)对先行词进行补充说明/额外解释(非唯一性描述)(2)即使删去,主句仍完整且逻辑通顺(3)与限制性定语从句的本质区别:无明确限定范围2. 形式标志: 必须用逗号分隔例句:Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. (非限制性定语从句)They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.(限制性定语从句)非限制性定语从句的关系词关系词 在定语从句中语法成分关系代词 who, which,as 作主语、宾语whom 作宾语whose 作定语关系副词 when, where 作状语关系代词as和which关系代词 as 和 which 既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。as 引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中;而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可指代主句的整个内容。As is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth.众所周知,月球绕着地球转。The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.出乎我们意料的是,天气变得非常好。常见的as搭配;as is known to all 众所周知as you know 正如你所知道的那样as is expected 正如所预料的那样as we expected 正如我们所期待的as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的as is reported / said 正如报道/所说的那样三、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句对比1. 形式不同限制性定语从句常紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,主、从句之间不用逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切,常用逗号隔开,并且as引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。The number of people who/that own cars is increasing.I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others.As you know, I don’t like going out at weekends.2. 作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制,是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省略,主句意义会不完整;非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰,补充解释说明或对主句进行评述,去掉不影响。Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity. 富兰克林是第一个发现电的本质的人。The driver, (who was very young, )had only just got his license. 这位(年轻的)司机刚刚拿到驾照。先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词;非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句 。Things then improved, which surprised me. (先行词为整个主句,是对整个句子内容的说明)关系词不同限制性定语从句可以由that, why引导,而非限制性定语从句不用;关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,在非限制性定语从句中通常不省略。There were very few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury.There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury.(不能用that)Have you found the book (that/which) you want (限制性定语从句,作want的宾语,可以省略)whose用法相同无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句,只要关系词在从句中作定语,都用whose引导。I like the teacher whose classes are very interesting and lively.Edward, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.关系副词和“介词+ which / whom”用法相同关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”可引导限制性定语从句,也引导非限制性定语从句。He was born in the year when/in which the war broke out.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, where/in which my grandparents live.【即时检测】Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, __________ can reduce oral bacteria. (2019 北京)基础题(测试时间:10分钟)单项选择1.(2023·北京海淀期中)The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is a bestseller.A. who B. which C. whom D. when2.(2022·浙江月考)Mr. Smith, ______ son is my classmate, is a famous doctor.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which3.(2023·天津一中期末)We visited the Eiffel Tower, ______ we took many photos.A. which B. where C. that D. when4.(2022·江苏南京月考)The meeting will be held next Monday, ______ I will be away on business.A. which B. when C. where D. that5.(2023·上海徐汇期中)My brother, ______ lives in London, is coming to visit us.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose6.(2022·广东深圳期末)She introduced me to her friend, ______ is a well-known artist.A. that B. which C. who D. whom7.(2023·湖南长沙月考)The car, ______ driver was a young man, stopped suddenly.A. who B. which C. whose D. whom8.(2022·四川成都期中)He failed the exam, ______ made his parents very disappointed.A. that B. which C. what D. when9.(2023·河北石家庄期末)I passed him a glass of water, ______ he drank immediately.A. which B. that C. whom D. when10.(2022·湖北武汉月考)The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it二、语法填空1.(2023·北京海淀·期中)My eldest sister, __________ is a lawyer, always gives me good advice.2.(2022·上海浦东新区·月考)We will put off the picnic until next week, __________ the weather may be better.3.(2023·浙江杭州·期末)The smartphone, __________ I bought last month, was stolen yesterday.4.(2022·广东广州·期中)The famous writer, __________ latest novel sold millions of copies, will give a talk at our school.5.(2023·湖南长沙·月考)They moved to a new house, __________ has a big garden.6.(2022·江苏南京·期末)The manager invited me to dinner, __________ was very kind of him.7.(2023·湖北武汉·期中)The old couple have two sons, both of __________ are studying abroad.8.(2022·四川成都·月考)The school, in front of __________ stands a monument, was built 100 years ago.9.(2023·河北石家庄·模拟)I’d like to introduce you to Mr. Jones, __________ I think you know.10.(2022·天津·期末)He didn’t win the race, __________ disappointed his coach.提升题(测试时间:10分钟)单项选择题1.(2023·全国甲卷·改编)The company, ______ head office is located in Shanghai, has branches all over the world.A. which B. whose C. that D. whom2.(2022·新高考I卷·改编)The artist, ______ works are popular around the world, will visit our city next week.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which3.(2023·江苏启东中学·调研)He is a man of great experience, ______ whom we can learn a lot.A. from B. for C. to D. with4.(2022·福建厦门一中·质检)She said she had finished her work, ______ I doubt very much.A. who B. which C. that D. whom5.(2023·山东潍坊一模)As ______ recorded in history, the event changed the course of the war.A. it B. that C. is D. which语法填空题(2023·全国乙卷·改编)She has overcome many difficulties, __________ shows that she is a strong person. (非限制性定语从句)2.(2022·新高考I卷·改编)The project will be completed next year, __________ by __________ time the new factory will be fully operational. (非限制性定语从句)3.(2023·江苏苏锡常镇·一模)The scientist, __________ whom we have great respect, has made another important discovery. (非限制性定语从句)4.(2022·广东六校·联考)He wasn’t satisfied with the result, __________ can be seen from his expression. (非限制性定语从句)5.(2023·湖北八市·联考)There are 50 students in our class, 30 of __________ are from the city. (非限制性定语从句)拓展题(测试时间:10分钟)单项选择题1.(2023·上海交大附中·竞赛)He may be late, in ______ case we need to wait for him.A. what B. which C. that D. whose2.(2022·清华附中·培优)I have never seen such a beautiful sunset ______ I saw yesterday.A. that B. which C. as D. what3.(2023·华师一附中·冲刺)______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in this school has doubled.A. Which B. As C. That D. It4.(2022·深圳中学·联考)The professor entered the hall, ______ by many students.A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed5.(2023·东北师大附中·压轴)It was in the lab, ______ was equipped with the latest devices, ______ the breakthrough was made.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that二、语法填空题1.(2023·上海交大附中·竞赛)He might be busy, in __________ case just leave him a message. (非限制性定语从句)2.(2022·清华附中·培优)It was a time __________ people began to talk about women’s rights. (非限制性定语从句)3.(2023·华师一附中·冲刺)__________ is often the case with children, Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived. (非限制性定语从句)4.(2022·深圳中学·联考)She said nothing, __________ made me feel even more nervous. (非限制性定语从句)5.(2023·东北师大附中·压轴)The visitor asked the guide to take his picture in front of the statue, __________ was the only place he wanted to visit. (非限制性定语从句)三、完成句子1. Last week I passed the examination, ________________________.上周我通过了考试,那是很重要的考试。2. Tom sold his house, ____________________________________.汤姆卖掉了他的房子,这 (件事)使他的父亲很生气。3. The professor has two sons, _________________ are studying in the same university.教授有两个儿子,他们都在同一所大学读书。4. ___________________, he studies very hard.正如我们所知,他学习非常刻苦。5. We will put off the outing until next week,___________________________.我们要把远足延期到下周,那时我们就不会这么忙了。专题02选必一~选必二Unit3常考点&易错点(期中知识清单)(背诵版)选必一Unit 1核心语法—非限制性定语从句非原创资料,如有侵权,请联系删除!一、常考点与用法1. 关系代词 which: 指代物或整个主句这是最常考的考点,尤其是which指代前面整个主句的情况。指代物:My car, which I bought last year, has broken down. (我的车去年买的,已经坏了。)去掉从句“My car has broken down.”意思依然完整。指代整个主句(易错高分点):He passed the exam, which made his parents very proud. (他通过了考试,这让他父母非常自豪。)这里的which指代的不只是“the exam”,而是前面整个句子“He passed the exam”这件事。2. 关系代词 who/whom: 指代人(1)who 在从句中作主语:Mr. Smith, who is my neighbor, is a famous writer. (史密斯先生是我的邻居,他是一位著名作家。)(2)whom 在从句中作宾语(正式用语):The old man, whom I met in the park yesterday, is a retired professor. (那位老人是我昨天在公园遇到的,他是一位退休教授。)口语中常用who代替whom。3. 关系代词 whose: 表示所属关系(= of whom / of which)whose 既可指人,也可指物,这是学生容易忽略的一点。指人:The student, whose father is a doctor, won the first prize. (那个学生的父亲是医生,他得了一等奖。)指物:The house, whose windows were broken, has been repaired. (那栋房子的窗户破了,现在已经修好了。)此处 whose windows = the windows of which4. 关系副词 when, where: 分别指代时间点和地点when:I will never forget the day, when I first came to this school. (我永远也不会忘记那一天,那天我第一次来到这所学校。)when = on that daywhere:They went to the Great Theatre, where the famous concert was held. (他们去了大剧院,那场著名的音乐会就是在那里举行的。)where = in that theatre5. “介词 + which/whom” 结构这是语法填空和短文改错的高频考点。He lives in a big house, in front of which stands a tall tree. (他住在一所大房子里,房前有一棵很高的树。)We have three teachers, all of whom are from Canada. (我们有三位老师,他们都来自加拿大。)The topic, about which we talked yesterday, is very important. (我们昨天谈论的那个话题非常重要。)二、易错点与难点(高分关键)1. 误用 that 引导错误:My bike, that I use every day, is missing.正确:My bike, which I use every day, is missing.2. 遗漏逗号错误:My sister who lives in London is a doctor. (这会变成限制性定语从句,意思是“我那个住在伦敦的姐姐是医生”,暗示我可能还有其他姐姐。)正确:My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor. (我姐姐是个医生,她住在伦敦。)这是对唯一的一个姐姐进行补充说明。3. 混淆 which 和 as(指代整个主句时)两者都可指代整个主句,但有区别:as 引导的从句位置灵活,可放在主句前、中、后,常用在 as we know, as is reported, as is often the case 等固定表达中,带有“正如...”的含义。As we all know, the earth revolves around the sun. (正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳转。)He is late again, as is often the case. (他又迟到了,这是常事。)which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后,没有“正如”的含义,就是简单补充说明。He is late again, which makes the teacher angry. (他又迟到了,这让老师很生气。)简单记:位置灵活用 as,位置在后用 which;固定搭配用 as。4. 误用关系副词代替关系代词判断关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。错误:They climbed to the top of the mountain, where they could get a good view. (如果where在从句中作地点状语,句子成分完整:they could get a good view there。此句正确。)需要关系代词的情况:错误:They reached the top of the mountain, where was covered with snow. (从句缺主语:__ was covered with snow.)正确:They reached the top of the mountain, which was covered with snow. (山顶被雪覆盖着。)这里which在从句中作主语,指代the top。5. 混淆非限制性定语从句和并列句非限制性定语从句:有关系词(which, who等)连接。并列句:用连词(and, but, so等)连接。定语从句:He gave me a gift, which was very expensive. (他送了我一个礼物,它非常昂贵。)并列句:He gave me a gift, and it was very expensive. (他送了我一个礼物,并且它非常昂贵。)三、非限制性定语从句关系词总结表格关系词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 例子which 物/整个主句 主语、宾语 He succeeded, which surprised us all.who 人 主语 My brother, who lives abroad, is coming back.whom 人 宾语 Mr. Li, whom you met, is our principal.whose 人/物 定语 The room, whose window is broken, is mine.when 时间 时间状语 I’ll leave tomorrow, when you will be at work.where 地点 地点状语 The park, where we met, is being rebuilt.as 整个主句 主语、宾语 As is known to all, China has a long history.介词+which/whom 物/人 状语/定语 This is the house, in which Lu Xun once lived.应试技巧:先看逗号:有逗号,基本锁定非限制性定语从句,立刻排除that。分析成分:确定先行词是人还是物,关系词在从句中作什么成分(主、宾、定、状)。牢记固定搭配:如as we know, some of whom等。重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. commit (v.)(1)commit oneself to (doing) sth:致力于(做)某事She committed herself to fighting for women’s rights. 她致力于为女权而斗争。(2)committed (adj.):尽心尽力的 a committed teacher 一位尽职尽责的老师2.worth (adj.) & worthy (adj.) - 易混词(1)be worth + n./doing (主动形式表被动含义):值得...The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。(2)be worthy of + n.:值得...His effort is worthy of praise. 他的努力值得表扬。(3)be worthy to be done / of being done:值得被...The problem is worthy to be considered. = The problem is worthy of being considered. 这个问题值得被考虑。3.suggest (v.) - 高频考点(1)建议(接宾语从句时,从句用 (should) + do 的虚拟语气)I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting. 我建议我们开个会。(2)表明,暗示(接宾语从句时,从句用陈述语气)Her smile suggests that she is happy. 她的微笑表明她很开心。4.insist (v.) 类似suggest(1)坚决要求(虚拟语气 (should) + do)He insisted that I (should) stay for dinner. 他坚决要求我留下来吃晚饭。(2)坚持说,坚持认为(陈述语气)He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为自己是对的。5.obtain (v.) 获得,得到(正式用语)obtain knowledge/information 获取知识/信息6.acknowledge (v.)(1)承认:He acknowledged his mistake. 他承认了自己的错误。(2)感谢:We must acknowledge her help. 我们必须感谢她的帮助。二、常考短语1. devote oneself to (doing) sth / be devoted to (doing) sth:致力于Tu Youyou devoted herself to finding a cure for malaria. 屠呦呦致力于寻找治疗疟疾的方法。lead to (doing) sth:导致Hard work leads to success. 努力工作能导向成功。come across:(偶然)遇见,发现came across an old photo in the drawer. 我在抽屉里偶然发现了一张老照片。look down upon/on:轻视,看不起We should never look down upon the poor. 我们绝不应该看不起穷人。thanks to:多亏,由于Thanks to your help, we finished the task on time. 多亏你的帮助,我们按时完成了任务。写作与应用本单元写作常要求介绍一位杰出人物。一、常用表达:set a good example for us 为我们树立好榜样make great contributions to... 对...做出巨大贡献overcome countless difficulties 克服无数困难With great efforts and persistence, ... 凭借巨大的努力和坚持,...His/Her spirit inspires me to... 他/她的精神激励我...二、写作易错点:在句子开头使用V-ing短语时,忘记检查主语。错误: Reading the letter, tears ran down her face. (眼泪不会读书)正确: Reading the letter, she had tears running down her face. 读着信,她泪流满面。选必一Unit 2核心语法—将来进行时将来进行时表示在将来某一特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。一、形式构成will be + V-ing (现在分词)二、核心用法与考点1. 用法一:表示在将来某个具体时间点正在进行的动作。考点:常与this time tomorrow/next week, at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning等具体时间状语连用。例子:Don’t call me at 8 PM tonight. I will be having dinner with my family.(今晚八点别给我打电话。我那时正在和家人吃晚饭。)2. 用法二:表示按计划、安排或预测肯定会发生的将来动作。考点:这种用法使句子听起来更客观、自然,常与soon, in a few days等状语连用。例子:I can’t join the party because I will be working late tonight.(我不能参加派对了,因为我今晚得工作到很晚。)【计划好的工作】We will be using electric cars more widely in the near future.(在不久的将来,我们会更广泛地使用电动汽车。)【对未来的预测】三、易错点与难点1. 与一般将来时 (will do) 混淆(1)一般将来时 (will do):表示将来的事实或主观意愿、承诺。I will call you tomorrow.(我明天会给你打电话。)【承诺】(2)将来进行时 (will be doing):强调在将来的“进行”状态或“已安排好的事”。I will be waiting for your call at 3 pm.(下午三点我会等着你的电话。)【强调三点整那个时间点正在进行的动作】与现在进行时表将来混淆(1)现在进行时表将来:用于表示近期、确定、已安排好的计划,通常有具体时间。主语常是人。I am meeting him at the airport tomorrow. (我明天要去机场接他。)【个人安排】将来进行时表将来:更侧重于“预测”或“客观会发生的进程”,不一定有具体时间,主语可以是物。In 50 years, robots will be taking care of the elderly in many homes.(50年后,机器人将在许多家庭照顾老人。)【对未来趋势的预测】形式错误错误:I will be work tomorrow. (漏了-ing)错误:I will being work tomorrow. (will后接了being)正确:I will be working tomorrow.重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. predict (v.) 预测predict + that 从句:It is predicted that half of the jobs today will disappear in the future.(据预测,现在的一半工作在未来将会消失。)predict + n.:It’s hard to predict the future.(很难预测未来。)2.transform (v.) 转变,改造transform A into B:将A转变为BThe new technology has transformed our lives into a more convenient one.(新技术将我们的生活变得更为便捷。)3.apply (v.)申请:apply for (a job/scholarship) 申请(工作/奖学金)应用:apply A to B 将A应用到B上 apply this theory to practice (把这个理论应用到实践中)application (n.) 应用;申请appliance (n.) 器具(常指家用电器 household appliances)4.potential(adj.) 潜在的:a potential customer 潜在客户(n.) 潜力:have great potential 有很大潜力5.enable (v.) 使能够enable sb to do sth:使某人能够做某事The loan enabled him to buy the house. (贷款使他能够买下那房子。)二、常考短语in the near/distant future 在不久/遥远的将来look into 调查;展望be associated with 与...相关联lead to 导致thanks to 由于,多亏in charge of 负责,掌管 (take charge of 开始负责)in common 共有,共同come true (梦想等)实现写作与应用本单元写作主题通常是科技与未来生活,如智能家居、未来城市、人工智能等。一、表达与句型:With the development of science and technology, ... (随着科技的发展,...)It is predicted/imagined that... (据预测/可以想象...)... is expected to become a reality in the future. (...有望在未来成为现实。)... will play a key role in... (...将在...中扮演关键角色。)Life in the future will be dramatically different from what it is today. (未来的生活将与今天截然不同。)We are looking forward to a future where... (我们期待一个...的未来。)二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 时态运用:在描述未来图景时,灵活运用一般将来时 (will do) 和将来进行时 (will be doing),使文章更生动。一般将来时:描述状态或事实。Homes will be smarter.将来进行时:描绘动态画面。Robots will be taking care of housework.2.避免中式英语:错误:Our life will have a great change. (中式英语)正确:Our life will change greatly. 或 There will be a great change in our life.选必一Unit 3核心语法—动词-ing作主语动名词(动词+ing)具有名词的性质,在句中可以作为主语,通常表示习惯性、经常性或抽象性的动作。一、基本用法结构:V-ing + 谓语动词(单数)+ 其他特点:动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例子:Reading is a good way to relax. (阅读是放松的好方法。)【抽象概念】Eating too much sugar is bad for your health. (吃太多糖对健康有害。)【一般性事实】二、 形式主语 it有时,为了避免句子“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把动名词主语后置。结构:It is + adj./n. + (doing sth)常用形容词:no use, useless, no good, worthwhile, worth, dangerous, nice, tiring, fun等。例子:It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收。/为洒了的牛奶哭泣是没用的。)Is it worthwhile investing so much money in this project (在这个项目上投入这么多钱值得吗?)三、易错点与难点1. 谓语动词不用单数(最常见错误)错误:Playing basketball make me happy.正确:Playing basketball makes me happy. (打篮球让我快乐。)2.与不定式(to do)作主语的混淆(1)动名词 (V-ing):多表示一般的、抽象的、习惯性的动作。Smoking causes cancer. (吸烟致癌。)【泛指吸烟这种行为】(2)不定式 (to do):多表示一次性的、具体的、未来的动作。To finish this task today is impossible. (今天要完成这个任务是不可能的。)【特指“今天完成”这个具体动作】但很多情况下两者可以互换,意思差别不大。Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. (眼见为实。)3.在“It is no use/good...”等固定句型中误用不定式错误:It is no use to argue with him.正确:It is no use arguing with him. (和他争论没有用。)重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. risk (n.) 风险:take a risk/risks (冒险);at the risk of (冒着...的风险)(v.) 冒险做...:risk doing sth (易错点: 接doing,不接to do)He risked losing his job to tell the truth. (他冒着失业的风险说出了真相。)2.prefer (v.) 更喜欢(1)prefer A to B (喜欢A胜于B,A和B是名词或动名词)I prefer tea to coffee. (茶和咖啡相比,我更喜欢茶。)She prefers walking to cycling. (她喜欢步行胜过骑自行车。)(2)prefer to do A rather than do B (宁愿做A而不愿做B)I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. (我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。)3.impress (v.) 给...留下深刻印象(1)impress sb with sth (用...给某人留下印象)He impressed me with his sense of humor. (他的幽默感给我留下了深刻印象。)(2)be impressed by/with (对...印象深刻)I was deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery. (我被那美丽的景色深深打动了。)impression (n.) 印象 make a good impression on sb (给某人留下好印象)4. vary (v.) 变化,相异(1)vary from... to... (从...到...不等)The weather varies from hour to hour in the mountain. (山里的天气时刻在变化。)(2)various (adj.) 各种各样的(3)variety (n.) 多样性 a variety of (=various) 各种各样的5.preserve (v.) 保护,保存,维护preserve... from... (保护...免受...)We must preserve these forests from destruction. (我们必须保护这些森林免受破坏。)二、常考短语be aware of 意识到,知道be home to 是...的栖息地/发源地in harmony with 与...和谐相处set aside 留出,搁置be amazed at/by 对...感到惊奇lead the way 带路,引路have a gift for 对...有天赋写作与应用本单元写作主题通常是介绍一个地点(如公园、家乡、旅游景点)或谈论保护环境的重要性。一、常用表达与句型(动名词作主语是亮点):Visiting... is an unforgettable experience. (参观...是一次难忘的经历。)Protecting the environment is our responsibility. (保护环境是我们的责任。)It is worthwhile visiting/preserving... (参观/保护...是值得的。)What impressed me most was... (最让我印象深刻的是...)The park is home to a wide variety of plants and animals. (这个公园是多种多样动植物的栖息地。)We should live in harmony with nature. (我们应与自然和谐相处。)二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 语法运用:在写作中刻意使用动名词短语作主语,使句式更高级多变。简单句:We need to protect wildlife. It is very important.高级句:Protecting wildlife is very important. (保护野生动物非常重要。)2.避免中式英语:错误:I very like the park. (我很喜欢这个公园。)正确:I am very fond of the park. / I like the park very much.选必一Unit 4核心语法—动词-ing作宾语、表语一、动词-ing 作宾语1. 位于及物动词后作宾语这是最主要、最常考的用法。有些动词后面必须接动名词(而不能接不定式)作宾语。常见后接 V-ing 作宾语的动词(需记忆):避免错过少延期 (avoid, miss, postpone/delay)建议完成多练习 (suggest, advise, finish, practise)考虑承认不禁想 (consider, admit, can’t help, fancy/imagine)继续喜欢要保持 (keep, enjoy, appreciate, mind)冒险放弃后悔值 (risk, give up, quit, regret, be worth)2.位于介词后作宾语介词(如in, on, at, of, about, for, without等)后面要接名词或动名词。He left without saying goodbye. (他不辞而别。)I’m tired of having the same food every day. (我厌倦了每天吃同样的东西。)3. 位于短语动词后作宾语许多“动词+介词”构成的短语动词后也接动名词。常见短语:think about/of, give up, put off, keep on, insist on, look forward to, be/get used to, devote to, lead to等。I am looking forward to seeing you again. (我期待着再次见到你。)He has given up smoking. (他已经戒烟了。)二、 动词-ing 作表语1. 动名词作表语时,放在系动词(如be)后面,用来说明主语“是什么”,通常表示抽象、习惯性的动作,且主语和表语的位置常可互换。Her job is teaching English. = Teaching English is her job. (她的工作是教英语。)【说明主语“job”的内容】2.易错点:区分 动词-ing 作表语和现在进行时(1)动词-ing 作表语:说明主语的性质或身份(是什么)。His story is amazing. (他的故事令人惊奇。)【amazing是形容词化的V-ing,说明故事的特性】(2)现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作(在做什么)。He is telling an amazing story. (他正在讲一个惊人的故事。)【is telling是谓语动词】三、易错点与难点1. 混淆后接 to do 和 doing 的动词(高频考点)(1)forget/remember/regret to do vs. forget/remember/regret doingforget/remember/regret to do:忘记/记得/遗憾要去做某事(事情未发生)forget/remember/regret doing:忘记/记得/后悔做过某事(事情已发生)Please remember to turn off the lights. (记得关灯。【灯还没关】)I remember turning off the lights. (我记得我关灯了。【灯已关】)(2)try to do vs. try doingtry to do:努力、试图做某事(强调努力)try doing:尝试做某事(作为一种方法试试看)(3)mean to do vs. mean doingmean to do:打算做某事mean doing:意味着做某事在介词后误用动词原形错误:I’m interested in play basketball.正确:I’m interested in playing basketball. (我对打篮球感兴趣。)在look forward to, be used to等短语后误用动词原形这里的to是介词,不是不定式符号,所以要接doing。错误:I look forward to hear from you.正确:I look forward to hearing from you. (我期待你的回信。)重点词汇与短语常考词汇及用法intend (v.) 打算,计划(1)intend to do sth 打算做某事(2)be intended for 为...而设计/准备 This book is intended for beginners. (这本书是为初学者编写的。)2.engage (v.)(1)in (doing) sth 从事,参与 He engaged in politics all his life. (他一生从政。)(2)engaged (adj.) 忙碌的;已订婚的 (be engaged to sb 与某人订婚)3. assume (v.) 假定,假设;承担(1)assume that... 假设... Let’s assume that you are right. (假设你是对的。)(2)assume responsibility 承担责任4. ease(n.) 容易,舒适 with ease (轻松地), at ease (安逸,自在)(v.) 减轻,缓解 ease the pain/pressure (缓解疼痛/压力)二、常考短语be aware of 意识到 (复习Unit 3)in other words 换句话说be likely to do 很可能...show off 炫耀make a difference 发挥作用,产生影响break down 失败;崩溃;分解写作与应用一、常用表达与句型:I enjoy/love/hate/appreciate doing... (我喜欢/讨厌/感激...)...means...doing (...意味着...)My suggestion is doing... (我的建议是...)He/She is good at doing... (他/她擅长...)I am looking forward to doing... (我期待着...)It is no use doing... (...是没有用的)The key to success is doing... (成功的关键是...)二、写作技巧与易错点:1.语法运用:在表达喜好、建议、习惯时,主动使用enjoy doing, suggest doing, be used to doing等结构,提升语法得分。2.避免错误:时刻检查介词(for, of, without, to等)后面是否错误地接了动词原形,确保接的是doing。3.丰富句式:尝试用动名词作表语来下定义。简单句:His habit is that he gets up early.高级句:His habit is getting up early. (他的习惯是早起。)选必一Unit 5核心语法—主语从句主语从句,顾名思义,就是一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语的成分。引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类:一、从属连词:that, whether(1)that: 在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义,只起连接作用。不能省略。(2)whether: 表示“是否”,在从句中不作成分,但有意义。不能用 if 替换。That he will succeed is certain. (他会成功是肯定的。)Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. (我们是否去露营取决于天气。)连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever这些词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,并且有本身的词义。(1)what: 是最高频的考点,意为“所...的事物”(= the thing(s) that)What we need is more time. (我们所需要的是更多时间。)【what在从句中作need的宾语】What is most important is to protect the environment. (最重要的是保护环境。)【what在从句中作主语】(2)who/whom/whoever:Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.(谁将成为我们的班长还没有决定。)【who在从句中作主语】(3)which/whichever: 表示“哪一个”Which book is more interesting is clear to us all. (哪本书更有趣我们大家都清楚。)三、连接副词:when, where, how, why这些词在从句中充当状语,并有本身的词义。When he will come back is still unknown. (他什么时候回来还不知道。)How we can finish the task on time is a problem. (我们如何能按时完成任务是个问题。)Why he did it remains a mystery. (他为什么这样做仍然是个谜。)四、形式主语 it由于主语从句较长,为了避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语从句后置。这是更常见、更地道的用法。1.基本结构:It + be + 形容词/名词/过去分词 + that从句2.常见句型:(1)It is clear/obvious/true/natural/important/necessary... that...It is clear that he is lying. (很明显他在撒谎。)(2)It is a pity/a shame/a fact/an honor... that...It is a pity that you can’t come to the party. (很遗憾你不能来参加派对。)(3)It is said/reported/believed/known/expected... that...It is reported that a new park will be built here. (据报道这里将建一个新公园。)(4)It seems/happens/occurs... that...It seems that she has known the truth. (看来她已经知道真相了。)五、易错点与难点1. that 的省略问题:在主语从句中,that 绝对不能省略。错误:He is right is obvious.正确:That he is right is obvious. / It is obvious that he is right.whether 与 if 的混淆:引导主语从句时,只能用 whether,不能用 if。错误:If we can win the game is not important.正确:Whether we can win the game is not important.it 作形式主语时,谓语动词用单数:错误:It are true that he failed.正确:It is true that he failed.语序问题:主语从句一律使用陈述句语序,而非疑问句语序。错误:How can we get there is the question.正确:How we can get there is the question.what 与 that 的混淆(最高频考点):what 在从句中要充当成分(主/宾/表),意为“所...的”。that 在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。对比:What he said made me angry. (他所说的话让我生气。)【what作said的宾语】That he said it made me angry. (他说了这件事让我生气。)【that只起连接作用,he said it本身结构完整】重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. struggle (v. & n.) 斗争,奋斗,努力(1)struggle against/with 与...斗争(2)struggle for 为...而奋斗(3)struggle to do sth 努力做某事He struggled to get out of the burning car. (他挣扎着从燃烧的车里出来。)equip (v.) 装备,配备(1)equip... with... 用...装备...(2)be equipped with 配备有...The lab is equipped with advanced computers. (实验室配备有先进的电脑。)equipment (n.) [U] 设备,器材 (不能说 an equipment 或 equipments)export(v.) 出口 / k sp t/:export sth to... (向...出口...)(n.) 出口;出口商品 / eksp t/:the export of tea (茶叶出口)reduce (v.) 减少,降低(1)reduce... to... 减少到...(2)reduce... by... 减少了...The price was reduced by 20%. (价格降低了20%。)The number of students was reduced to 50. (学生数量减少到了50人。)supply(v.) 供应:supply sth to sb 或 supply sb with sth (向某人供应某物)(n.) 供应,供给物:water supply (供水)二、常考短语thanks to 由于,多亏 (复习Unit 1 & 2)rid... of... / be rid of / get rid of 摆脱,除去refer to 指的是;参考;提及lead to 导致,通向 (复习Unit 1)focus on 专注于be satisfied with 对...满意insist on 坚持 (复习Unit 4)写作与应用本单元主题是“耕作”或更广的“努力工作与奉献”,写作中非常适合使用主语从句来引出观点和事实,使文章开头更显客观和有力度。一、常用表达与句型(主语从句是亮点):What we need to do now is... (我们现在需要做的是...)Whether we can succeed depends on... (我们能否成功取决于...)It is well known that... (众所周知...)It is important to realize that... (重要的是要认识到...)How we solve the problem is crucial. (我们如何解决这个问题至关重要。)There is no doubt that... (毫无疑问...)二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 丰富句式:避免总是用I think...开头,多用It is... that...或What... is...等结构来提升句式多样性。普通:I think protecting the environment is important.高级:It is universally acknowledged that protecting the environment is of great importance.2.避免错误:在写作中检查主语从句的语序(必须是陈述句语序)和连接词(是否缺了that或误用了if)。选必二Unit 1核心语法—表语从句表语从句位于系动词(主要是be动词)之后,对主语进行解释和说明,回答“是什么”的问题。其结构为:主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 从句。一、 引导词用法与考点1. 从属连词:that, whether, as if/as though(1)that: 在从句中不作任何成分,无词义,通常不省略。The truth is that he didn’t finish his homework. (事实是他没完成作业。)(2)whether: 表示“是否”,在从句中不作成分。The question is whether we have enough time. (问题是我们是否有足够的时间。)(3)as if / as though: 表示“好像,仿佛”,从句常用虚拟语气(用过去式表示现在)。It looks as if it is going to rain. (看起来好像要下雨了。)【陈述语气,真实可能性大】He talks as if he knew everything. (他说话的样子好像他什么都知道。)【虚拟语气,与现在事实相反】连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever这些词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,并有本身的词义。what 是最常用的连接代词。That is what I want to tell you. (那就是我想告诉你的。)【what作tell的宾语】The problem is who can be trusted. (问题是谁能被信任。)【who作主语】连接副词:when, where, how, why这些词在从句中充当状语,并有本身的词义。That is why he was late for school. (那就是他上学迟到的原因。)My hometown is no longer what it used to be. (我的家乡不再是它过去的样子了。)【what作表语】二、 易错点与难点1. that 的省略问题:在表语从句中,that 通常不能省略,尤其是在正式文体中。错误:The fact is, he lied to us.正确:The fact is that he lied to us.whether 与 if 的混淆:引导表语从句时,只能用 whether,不能用 if。错误:The point is if we can get their support.正确:The point is whether we can get their support.because 不能引导表语从句这是一个非常高频的易错点!because 引导原因状语从句,不能用在系动词后作表语。表示“原因是...”要用That is because...或The reason is that...。错误:The reason for his success is because he worked hard.正确:The reason for his success is that he worked hard.正确:He succeeded. That is because he worked hard.语序问题:表语从句一律使用陈述句语序。错误:The question is when will he come back.正确:The question is when he will come back.what 与 that 的混淆:(1)what 在从句中必须充当成分(主、宾、表等),意为“所...的”;(2)that 在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。对比:His idea is what I need. (他的想法正是我所需要的东西。)【what作need的宾语】His idea is that we should leave at once. (他的想法是我们应该立刻离开。)【that只起连接作用,we should leave at once本身结构完整】重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. arise (vi.) 出现,发生 (arose, arisen)指问题、困难、情况等“产生、发生”。A new problem has arisen. (一个新问题出现了。)易混词辨析:arise (vi.): 发生,出现rise (vi.): 上升,上涨 (太阳升起、价格上涨)raise (vt.): 举起,提高,抚养 (后接宾语:raise your hand, raise prices, raise a child)2.expose (v.) 暴露,使接触(1)expose... to... 使...暴露于...;使...接触到...Don’t expose your skin to the sun for too long. (不要让皮肤在阳光下暴晒太久。)exposure (n.) 暴露3. absorb (v.) 吸收;使全神贯注be absorbed in (doing) sth 全神贯注于...He was completely absorbed in his book. (他完全全神贯注于他的书。)cure(v.) 治愈:cure sb of a disease 治愈某人的疾病(n.) 疗法,治愈:a cure for cancer 治疗癌症的方法5. symptom (n.) 症状have/show symptoms of... 有...的症状二、常考短语link... to/with... 将...与...联系起来be strict with sb 对某人要求严格be strict in sth 对某事要求严格account for 解释,说明;占(比例)contribute to 有助于,导致;捐献lead to 导致 (复习Unit 1 & 4)in addition 另外in spite of / despite 尽管写作与应用本单元主题与科学发现或问题分析相关。写作中非常适合使用表语从句来下定义、陈述事实或阐明原因,使表达更加严谨和客观。一、常用表达与句型(表语从句是亮点):The reason is that... (原因是...)【切记不能用because】That is because... (那是因为...)The problem/question is whether... (问题在于是否...)What matters most is... (最重要的是...)That is what... (那就是...)My suggestion/advice is that... (我的建议是...)【从句常用(should) + do的虚拟语气】It looks/seems as if... (看起来好像...)二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 丰富句式:在分析原因或说明情况时,避免只会用Because...开头,多用The reason is that...或That is because...来提升句式层次。普通:He failed because he was too careless.高级:He failed. That was because he was too careless. / The reason for his failure was that he was too careless.避免错误:时刻警惕The reason is because...这一经典错误结构。检查表语从句的语序是否为陈述句语序。选必二Unit 2核心语法—名词性从句一、综合易错点与难点(高分关键)1. that 的省略问题:(1)主语从句:绝不能省略。 (正) That she got the first prize is great news.(2)宾语从句:通常可以省略(尤其口语中)。 I think (that) you are right.(3)表语从句:通常不省略。 (正) The truth is that I don’t know him.2. whether 与 if 的混淆:(1)主语从句:只能用 whether。(误) If we need it is unclear. (正) Whether we need it is unclear.(2)宾语从句:通常可互换,但后有or not或介词时,只能用 whether。I don’t know whether/if he agrees.It depends on whether (不能用if) it will rain.(3)表语从句:只能用 whether。(误) The point is if we can afford it.(正) The point is whether we can afford it.because 不能引导表语从句:这是最高频的错误之一!表“原因”时用The reason is that...或That is because...。(误) The reason is because he was ill.(正) The reason is that he was ill.(正) He was absent. That is because he was ill.语序问题:所有名词性从句一律使用陈述句语序,而非疑问句语序。(误) I don’t know where is the station.(正) I don’t know where the station is.(误) How can we get there is a problem.(正) How we can get there is a problem.“缺成分”必用“ what”:如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,通常用what(= the thing(s) that)。(正) What (= The thing that) he needs is a good rest. (he needs后面缺宾语)(对比) That he needs a good rest is obvious. (he needs a good rest本身结构完整,that不充当成分)重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. consult (v.) 咨询;查阅;商量(1)consult sb 向某人咨询(2)consult a dictionary/map 查字典/地图(3)consult with sb 与某人商量You should consult your doctor about your pain. (你应该向医生咨询你的疼痛。)obtain (v.) 获得,得到(正式用语) (复习 Unit 1)obtain knowledge/information/permission 获取知识/信息/许可available (adj.) 可获得的;有空的,常用作后置定语或表语。Is the manager available (经理有空吗?)There are no tickets available for tonight’s show. (今晚演出的票已经售罄。)ensure (v.) 确保,保证(1)ensure that... 确保...(2)ensure sth 保证某事Please ensure that all lights are turned off. (请确保所有的灯都关了。)(3)易混词辨析:ensure: 确保(某事发生)insure: 给...投保 (insure one’s life/car)assure: 向...保证,使确信 (assure sb of sth / assure sb that...)response (n./v.) 回答,反应(1)in response to 作为对...的回应(2)make a response 作出回应(3)respond to (对...作出反应)二、常考短语look into 调查,观察 (复习 Unit 2)due to 由于,因为in charge of 负责,掌管 (复习 Unit 2)take charge of 开始负责,接管account for 解释,说明;占(比例) (复习 Unit 1)be likely to do 很可能...be willing to do 愿意做...be responsible for 对...负责写作与应用本单元的综合性质意味着写作主题更为广泛,如议论文、调查报告、现象分析等。熟练运用名词性从句是使文章逻辑严谨、句式丰富的关键。一、常用表达与句型(名词性从句是亮点):1. 引言/提出观点:What we are discussing today is... (今天我们讨论的是...)【主语从句】It is widely believed that... (人们普遍认为...)【主语从句+形式主语】The purpose of this report is to find out whether... (本报告的目的是探究是否...)【表语从句】陈述事实/原因:The survey shows that... (调查显示...)【宾语从句】One reason for this is that... (一个原因是...)【表语从句,切记不用because】That is because... (那是因为...)得出结论/建议:My suggestion is that we (should) do... (我的建议是我们应该...)【表语从句+虚拟语气】What we need to do now is... (我们现在需要做的是...)【主语从句+表语从句】二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 句式多样性:在一篇文章中交叉使用主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,避免句式单一。2. 避免错误:时刻检查The reason is because...这一经典错误。确保从句语序是陈述句语序。3. 正式语气:在议论文或报告中,使用That..., Whether..., What...等引导的主语从句开头,比用I think更客观、更有力。选必二Unit 3核心语法—过去完成时一、含义及形式构成1.含义:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。2. 结构:had + 过去分词 (done)二、核心用法与考点1. 用法一:表示“过去的过去”当一个句子中有两个过去发生的动作,先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时。通常会有明显的上下文或时间状语暗示。例句:When I got to the station, the train had already left. (当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。)【“到达”是一般过去时,“离开”是在其之前完成的】He told me that he had seen the film. (他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。)【“看”发生在“告诉”之前】用法二:与 by, before 等引导的时间状语连用表示“到过去某个时间为止”已经完成的动作。常用时间状语:by the end of last year, by yesterday, before 2000, when he arrived (当从句动作发生时,主句动作已完成)例句:By the time he was 14, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.(到他14岁的时候,他已经自学了高等数学。)She had finished her homework before dinner. (她在晚饭前就做完作业了。)用法三:用于宾语从句中当主句谓语是过去时(如 said, told, asked, thought, knew 等),从句中的动作若发生在主句动作之前,则从句要用过去完成时。例句:He asked if I had been to Paris. (他问我是否去过巴黎。)【“去”发生在“问”之前】三、易错点与难点1. 与一般过去时的混淆(最常见错误)没有“过去的过去”这个时间参照时,不要滥用过去完成时。错误:I had finished my work yesterday. (昨天我完成了工作。)【只有一个过去时间yesterday,应用一般过去时】正确:I finished my work yesterday.正确:I had finished my work when he came. (当他来的时候,我已经完成工作了。)【“完成”在“来”之前】在含 after, before, as soon as 等连词的复合句中这些连词本身已经清晰地表明了动作的先后顺序,因此主从句可以都用一般过去时,但为了强调“已完成”,先发生的动作仍可用过去完成时。例句:After he (had) left, I found his note. (他离开后,我发现了他的纸条。)【用had left或left均可】I called him as soon as I (had) arrived. (我一到达就给他打了电话。)在 by the time 引导的时间状语从句中,主句通常用过去完成时。例句:By the time the doctor arrived, the patient had died. (医生赶到时,病人已经死了。)在 hope, expect, think, want 等动词的过去式后用过去完成时表示“未实现的愿望或想法”。例句:I had hoped to see you, but I was too busy. (我本希望见到你,但我太忙了。)【最终没见到】重点词汇与短语常考词汇及用法lay (v.) 放置;产卵 (laid, laid, laying)易混词辨析(高频考点):lay (vt.): 放,搁;下蛋。后必须接宾语。 (lay the table 摆桌子,lay an egg 下蛋)lie (vi.): 躺;位于。 (lie down 躺下,lie in bed 躺在床上) (lay, lain, lying)lie (vi./n.): 说谎。 (lie to sb 对某人说谎) (lied, lied, lying)arise (vi.) 出现,发生 (arose, arisen) (复习 Unit 1)指问题、机会、情况等“产生、发生”。A crisis has arisen. (一场危机出现了。)对比:rise (vi. 上升), raise (vt. 提高,抚养)observe (v.) 观察;注意到;遵守;评论observe sb do sth (看到某人做某事的全过程)observe sb doing sth (看到某人正在做某事)observe the rules (遵守规则)He observed a stranger entering the building. (他注意到一个陌生人正进入大楼。)convince (v.) 使确信,说服(1)convince sb of sth (使某人相信某事)(2)convince sb that... (使某人相信...)(3)be convinced of/that... (深信...)I am convinced that he is honest. (我深信他是诚实的。)various (adj.) 各种各样的variety (n.) 多样性 a variety of (=various) 各种各样的二、常考短语be obsessed with 痴迷于,念念不忘in search of 寻找set sail (for) 启航(前往...)in charge of 负责,掌管 (复习 Unit 2)take charge of 开始负责,接管in spite of / despite 尽管run out (vi.) 用完,耗尽 (物作主语:My patience ran out.)run out of (vt.) 用完... (人作主语:I ran out of my patience.)写作与应用本单元主题与个人经历相关。写作中会大量用到过去完成时来交代背景、说明原因。一、常用表达与句型(过去完成时是亮点):By the time..., ...had already... (到...时候为止,...已经...)... because/before/after... had... (...因为/在...之前/在...之后已经...)He told me that he had never seen... (他告诉我他从未见过...)I had always wanted to... before I finally did it. (在我最终做到之前,我一直想...)It was the first/second time that I had done... (那是我第一次/第二次做...)【固定句型】二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 时态呼应:在叙述过去的故事时,要清晰地建立时间线。先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时。2. 避免错误:不要在没有过去时间参照的情况下单独使用过去完成时。3. 丰富细节:使用by the time, before, after等连词来清晰连接先后动作。专题02选必一~选必二Unit3常考点&易错点(期中知识清单)(默写版)选必一Unit 1核心语法—非限制性定语从句一、常考点与用法1. 关系代词 which: 指代物或整个主句这是最常考的考点,尤其是which指代前面整个主句的情况。指代物:My car, _________________________I bought last year, has broken down. (我的车去年买的,已经坏了。)去掉从句“My car has broken down.”意思依然完整。指代整个主句(易错高分点):He passed the exam, _________________________made his parents very proud. (他通过了考试,这让他父母非常自豪。)这里的which指代的不只是“the exam”,而是前面整个句子“He passed the exam”这件事。2. 关系代词 who/whom: 指代人(1)who 在从句中作主语:Mr. Smith, _________________________is my neighbor, is a famous writer. (史密斯先生是我的邻居,他是一位著名作家。)(2)whom 在从句中作宾语(正式用语):The old man, _________________________I met in the park yesterday, is a retired professor. (那位老人是我昨天在公园遇到的,他是一位退休教授。)口语中常用who代替whom。3. 关系代词 whose: 表示所属关系(= of whom / of which)whose 既可指人,也可指物,这是学生容易忽略的一点。指人:The student, _________________________, won the first prize. (那个学生的父亲是医生,他得了一等奖。)指物:The house, _________________________, has been repaired. (那栋房子的窗户破了,现在已经修好了。)此处 whose windows = the windows of which4. 关系副词 when, where: 分别指代时间点和地点when:I will never forget the day, _________________________I first came to this school. (我永远也不会忘记那一天,那天我第一次来到这所学校。)when = on that daywhere:They went to the Great Theatre, _________________________the famous concert was held. (他们去了大剧院,那场著名的音乐会就是在那里举行的。)where = in that theatre5. “介词 + which/whom” 结构这是语法填空和短文改错的高频考点。He lives in a big house, _________________________ stands a tall tree. (他住在一所大房子里,房前有一棵很高的树。)We have three teachers, _________________________are from Canada. (我们有三位老师,他们都来自加拿大。)The topic, _________________________we talked yesterday, is very important. (我们昨天谈论的那个话题非常重要。)二、易错点与难点(高分关键)1. 误用 that 引导错误:My bike, that I use every day, is missing.正确:My bike, _________________________ I use every day, is missing.2. 遗漏逗号错误:My sister who lives in London is a doctor. (这会变成限制性定语从句,意思是“我那个住在伦敦的姐姐是医生”,暗示我可能还有其他姐姐。)正确:My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor. (我姐姐是个医生,她住在伦敦。)这是对唯一的一个姐姐进行补充说明。3. 混淆 which 和 as(指代整个主句时)两者都可指代整个主句,但有区别:as 引导的从句位置灵活,可放在主句前、中、后,常用在 as we know, as is reported, as is often the case 等固定表达中,带有“正如...”的含义。_________________________we all know, the earth revolves around the sun. (正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳转。)He is late again, _________________________is often the case. (他又迟到了,这是常事。)which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后,没有“正如”的含义,就是简单补充说明。He is late again, _________________________makes the teacher angry. (他又迟到了,这让老师很生气。)简单记:位置灵活用 as,位置在后用 which;固定搭配用 as。4. 误用关系副词代替关系代词判断关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。错误:They climbed to the top of the mountain, where they could get a good view. (如果where在从句中作地点状语,句子成分完整:they could get a good view there。此句正确。)需要关系代词的情况:错误:They reached the top of the mountain, where was covered with snow. (从句缺主语:__ was covered with snow.)正确:They reached the top of the mountain, _________________________was covered with snow. (山顶被雪覆盖着。)这里which在从句中作主语,指代the top。5. 混淆非限制性定语从句和并列句非限制性定语从句:有关系词(which, who等)连接。并列句:用连词(and, but, so等)连接。定语从句:He gave me a gift, _________________________was very expensive. (他送了我一个礼物,它非常昂贵。)并列句:He gave me a gift, _________________________was very expensive. (他送了我一个礼物,并且它非常昂贵。)三、非限制性定语从句关系词总结表格关系词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 例子_________________________ 物/整个主句 主语、宾语 He succeeded, which surprised us all._________________________ 人 主语 My brother, who lives abroad, is coming back._________________________ 人 宾语 Mr. Li, whom you met, is our principal._________________________ 人/物 定语 The room, whose window is broken, is mine._________________________ 时间 时间状语 I’ll leave tomorrow, when you will be at work._________________________ 地点 地点状语 The park, where we met, is being rebuilt._________________________ 整个主句 主语、宾语 As is known to all, China has a long history.介词+_________________________ 物/人 状语/定语 This is the house, in which Lu Xun once lived.应试技巧:先看逗号:有逗号,基本锁定非限制性定语从句,立刻排除that。分析成分:确定先行词是人还是物,关系词在从句中作什么成分(主、宾、定、状)。牢记固定搭配:如as we know, some of whom等。重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. commit (v.)(1)_________________________:致力于(做)某事She committed herself to fighting for women’s rights. 她致力于为女权而斗争。(2)_________________________(adj.):尽心尽力的 a committed teacher 一位尽职尽责的老师2.worth (adj.) & worthy (adj.) - 易混词(1)_________________________ (主动形式表被动含义):值得...The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。(2)_________________________:值得...His effort is worthy of praise. 他的努力值得表扬。(3)_________________________:值得被...The problem is worthy to be considered. = The problem is worthy of being considered. 这个问题值得被考虑。3.suggest (v.) - 高频考点(1)建议(接宾语从句时,从句用 (should) + do 的虚拟语气)I suggest that we _________________________ a meeting. 我建议我们开个会。(2)表明,暗示(接宾语从句时,从句用陈述语气)Her smile suggests that she _________________________happy. 她的微笑表明她很开心。4.insist (v.) - 类似suggest(1)坚决要求(虚拟语气 (should) + do)He insisted that I _________________________ for dinner. 他坚决要求我留下来吃晚饭。(2)坚持说,坚持认为(陈述语气)He insisted that he _________________________right. 他坚持认为自己是对的。5.obtain (v.) 获得,得到(正式用语)_________________________获取知识/信息6.acknowledge (v.)(1)承认:He _________________________his mistake. 他承认了自己的错误。(2)感谢:We must _________________________her help. 我们必须感谢她的帮助。二、常考短语1. _________________________:致力于Tu Youyou devoted herself to finding a cure for malaria. 屠呦呦致力于寻找治疗疟疾的方法。_________________________:导致Hard work leads to success. 努力工作能导向成功。_________________________:(偶然)遇见,发现came across an old photo in the drawer. 我在抽屉里偶然发现了一张老照片。_________________________:轻视,看不起We should never look down upon the poor. 我们绝不应该看不起穷人。_________________________:多亏,由于Thanks to your help, we finished the task on time. 多亏你的帮助,我们按时完成了任务。写作与应用本单元写作常要求介绍一位杰出人物。一、常用表达:_________________________ 为我们树立好榜样_________________________ 对...做出巨大贡献_________________________ 克服无数困难_________________________ 凭借巨大的努力和坚持,..._________________________他/她的精神激励我...二、写作易错点:在句子开头使用V-ing短语时,忘记检查主语。错误: Reading the letter, tears ran down her face. (眼泪不会读书)正确: Reading the letter, _________________________had tears running down her face. 读着信,她泪流满面。选必一Unit 2核心语法—将来进行时非原创资料,如有侵权,请联系删除!将来进行时表示在将来某一特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。一、形式构成will be + V-ing (现在分词)二、核心用法与考点1. 用法一:表示在将来某个具体时间点正在进行的动作。考点:常与this time tomorrow/next week, at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning等具体时间状语连用。例子:Don’t call me at 8 PM tonight. I _________________________ dinner with my family.(今晚八点别给我打电话。我那时正在和家人吃晚饭。)2.用法二:表示按计划、安排或预测肯定会发生的将来动作。考点:这种用法使句子听起来更客观、自然,常与soon, in a few days等状语连用。例子:I can’t join the party because I _________________________late tonight.(我不能参加派对了,因为我今晚得工作到很晚。)【计划好的工作】We _________________________ electric cars more widely in the near future.(在不久的将来,我们会更广泛地使用电动汽车。)【对未来的预测】三、易错点与难点1. 与一般将来时 (will do) 混淆(1)一般将来时 (will do):表示将来的事实或主观意愿、承诺。I _________________________you tomorrow.(我明天会给你打电话。)【承诺】(2)将来进行时 (will be doing):强调在将来的“进行”状态或“已安排好的事”。I _________________________ for your call at 3 pm.(下午三点我会等着你的电话。)【强调三点整那个时间点正在进行的动作】与现在进行时表将来混淆(1)现在进行时表将来:用于表示近期、确定、已安排好的计划,通常有具体时间。主语常是人。I _________________________ him at the airport tomorrow. (我明天要去机场接他。)【个人安排】将来进行时表将来:更侧重于“预测”或“客观会发生的进程”,不一定有具体时间,主语可以是物。In 50 years, robots _________________________ care of the elderly in many homes.(50年后,机器人将在许多家庭照顾老人。)【对未来趋势的预测】形式错误错误:I will be work tomorrow. (漏了-ing)错误:I will being work tomorrow. (will后接了being)正确:I _________________________ tomorrow.重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. predict (v.) 预测predict + that 从句:It is _________________________that half of the jobs today will disappear in the future.(据预测,现在的一半工作在未来将会消失。)predict + n.:It’s hard to _________________________.(很难预测未来。)2.transform (v.) 转变,改造_________________________:将A转变为BThe new technology has transformed our lives into a more convenient one.(新技术将我们的生活变得更为便捷。)3.apply (v.)申请:_________________________ 申请(工作/奖学金)应用:_________________________ 将A应用到B上 apply this theory to practice (把这个理论应用到实践中)_________________________ (n.) 应用;申请_________________________(n.) 器具(常指家用电器 household appliances)4.potential(_________________________) 潜在的:a potential customer 潜在客户(_________________________) 潜力:have great potential 有很大潜力5.enable (v.) 使能够enable sb to do sth:使某人能够做某事The loan _________________________the house. (贷款使他能够买下那房子。)二、常考短语_________________________ 在不久/遥远的将来_________________________ 调查;展望_________________________与...相关联_________________________导致_________________________由于,多亏_________________________ 负责,掌管 (take charge of 开始负责)_________________________ 共有,共同_________________________(梦想等)实现写作与应用本单元写作主题通常是科技与未来生活,如智能家居、未来城市、人工智能等。一、表达与句型:_________________________(随着科技的发展,...)_________________________(据预测/可以想象...)_________________________(...有望在未来成为现实。)_________________________(...将在...中扮演关键角色。)Life in the future will be dramatically different from _________________________. (未来的生活将与今天截然不同。)_________________________(我们期待一个...的未来。)二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 时态运用:在描述未来图景时,灵活运用一般将来时 (will do) 和将来进行时 (will be doing),使文章更生动。一般将来时:描述状态或事实。Homes will be smarter.将来进行时:描绘动态画面。Robots will be taking care of housework.2.避免中式英语:错误:Our life will have a great change. (中式英语)正确:Our life will _________________________greatly. 或 There will be a _________________________ in our life.选必一Unit 3核心语法—动词-ing作主语动名词(动词+ing)具有名词的性质,在句中可以作为主语,通常表示习惯性、经常性或抽象性的动作。一、基本用法结构:V-ing + 谓语动词(单数)+ 其他特点:动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例子:_________________________is a good way to relax. (阅读是放松的好方法。)【抽象概念】_________________________ is bad for your health. (吃太多糖对健康有害。)【一般性事实】二、 形式主语 it有时,为了避免句子“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把动名词主语后置。结构:It is + adj./n. + (doing sth)常用形容词:no use, useless, no good, worthwhile, worth, dangerous, nice, tiring, fun等。例子:It’s no use _________________________ over spilt milk. (覆水难收。/为洒了的牛奶哭泣是没用的。)Is it worthwhile _________________________so much money in this project (在这个项目上投入这么多钱值得吗?)三、易错点与难点1. 谓语动词不用单数(最常见错误)错误:Playing basketball make me happy.正确:Playing basketball _________________________me happy. (打篮球让我快乐。)2.与不定式(to do)作主语的混淆(1)动名词 (V-ing):多表示一般的、抽象的、习惯性的动作。_________________________ causes cancer. (吸烟致癌。)【泛指吸烟这种行为】(2)不定式 (to do):多表示一次性的、具体的、未来的动作。_________________________ this task today is impossible. (今天要完成这个任务是不可能的。)【特指“今天完成”这个具体动作】但很多情况下两者可以互换,意思差别不大。Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. (眼见为实。)3.在“It is no use/good...”等固定句型中误用不定式错误:It is no use to argue with him.正确:It is no use _________________________with him. (和他争论没有用。)重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. risk (n.) 风险:_________________________ (冒险);_________________________ (冒着...的风险)(v.) 冒险做...:_________________________(易错点: 接doing,不接to do)He risked losing his job to tell the truth. (他冒着失业的风险说出了真相。)2.prefer (v.) 更喜欢(1)_________________________(喜欢A胜于B,A和B是名词或动名词)I prefer tea to coffee. (茶和咖啡相比,我更喜欢茶。)She prefers walking to cycling. (她喜欢步行胜过骑自行车。)(2)_________________________(宁愿做A而不愿做B)I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. (我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。)3.impress (v.) 给...留下深刻印象(1)impress sb with sth (用...给某人留下印象)He _________________________his sense of humor. (他的幽默感给我留下了深刻印象。)(2)be impressed by/with (对...印象深刻)I _________________________ the beautiful scenery. (我被那美丽的景色深深打动了。)impression (n.) 印象 _________________________ (给某人留下好印象)4. vary (v.) 变化,相异(1)vary from... to... (从...到...不等)The weather _________________________in the mountain. (山里的天气时刻在变化。)(2)_________________________(adj.) 各种各样的(3)_________________________(n.) 多样性 _________________________(=various) 各种各样的5.preserve (v.) 保护,保存,维护preserve... from... (保护...免受...)We must _________________________ destruction. (我们必须保护这些森林免受破坏。)二、常考短语_________________________ 意识到,知道_________________________是...的栖息地/发源地_________________________ 与...和谐相处_________________________留出,搁置_________________________对...感到惊奇_________________________ 带路,引路_________________________对...有天赋写作与应用本单元写作主题通常是介绍一个地点(如公园、家乡、旅游景点)或谈论保护环境的重要性。一、常用表达与句型(动名词作主语是亮点):_________________________(参观...是一次难忘的经历。)_________________________. (保护环境是我们的责任。)_________________________ (参观/保护...是值得的。)_________________________(最让我印象深刻的是...)_________________________这个公园是多种多样动植物的栖息地。)_________________________(我们应与自然和谐相处。)二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 语法运用:在写作中刻意使用动名词短语作主语,使句式更高级多变。简单句:We need to protect wildlife. It is very important.高级句:_________________________ is very important. (保护野生动物非常重要。)2.避免中式英语:错误:I very like the park. (我很喜欢这个公园。)正确:I am very fond of the park. / I like the park very much.选必一Unit 4核心语法—动词-ing作宾语、表语一、动词-ing 作宾语1. 位于及物动词后作宾语这是最主要、最常考的用法。有些动词后面必须接动名词(而不能接不定式)作宾语。常见后接 V-ing 作宾语的动词(需记忆):避免错过少延期 (_________________________, _________________________, _________________________)建议完成多练习 (_________________________, _________________________, _________________________, _________________________)考虑承认不禁想 (_________________________, _________________________, _________________________, _________________________e)继续喜欢要保持 (_________________________, _________________________, _________________________, _________________________)冒险放弃后悔值 (_________________________, _________________________, _________________________, _________________________, _________________________)2.位于介词后作宾语介词(如in, on, at, of, about, for, without等)后面要接名词或动名词。He left without _________________________. (他不辞而别。)I’m tired of _________________________ the same food every day. (我厌倦了每天吃同样的东西。)3. 位于短语动词后作宾语许多“动词+介词”构成的短语动词后也接动名词。常见短语:think about/of, give up, put off, keep on, insist on, look forward to, be/get used to, devote to, lead to等。I am looking forward to _________________________you again. (我期待着再次见到你。)He has given up _________________________. (他已经戒烟了。)二、 动词-ing 作表语1. 动名词作表语时,放在系动词(如be)后面,用来说明主语“是什么”,通常表示抽象、习惯性的动作,且主语和表语的位置常可互换。Her job is teaching English. = Teaching English is her job. (她的工作是教英语。)【说明主语“job”的内容】2.易错点:区分 动词-ing 作表语和现在进行时(1)动词-ing 作表语:说明主语的性质或身份(是什么)。His story is _________________________. (他的故事令人惊奇。)【amazing是形容词化的V-ing,说明故事的特性】(2)现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作(在做什么)。He _________________________ an amazing story. (他正在讲一个惊人的故事。)【is telling是谓语动词】三、易错点与难点1. 混淆后接 to do 和 doing 的动词(高频考点)(1)forget/remember/regret to do vs. forget/remember/regret doingforget/remember/regret _________________________:忘记/记得/遗憾要去做某事(事情未发生)forget/remember/regret _________________________:忘记/记得/后悔做过某事(事情已发生)Please remember _________________________the lights. (记得关灯。【灯还没关】)I remember _________________________ the lights. (我记得我关灯了。【灯已关】)(2)try to do vs. try doingtry _________________________:努力、试图做某事(强调努力)try _________________________:尝试做某事(作为一种方法试试看)(3)mean to do vs. mean doingmean _________________________:打算做某事mean _________________________:意味着做某事在介词后误用动词原形错误:I’m interested in play basketball.正确:I’m interested in _________________________basketball. (我对打篮球感兴趣。)在look forward to, be used to等短语后误用动词原形这里的to是介词,不是不定式符号,所以要接doing。错误:I look forward to hear from you.正确:I look forward to _________________________from you. (我期待你的回信。)重点词汇与短语常考词汇及用法intend (v.) 打算,计划(1)_________________________ 打算做某事(2)be intended for 为...而设计/准备 This book _________________________ beginners. (这本书是为初学者编写的。)2.engage (v.)(1)in (doing) sth 从事,参与 He _________________________politics all his life. (他一生从政。)(2)_________________________(adj.) 忙碌的;已订婚的 (be engaged to sb 与某人订婚)3. assume (v.) 假定,假设;承担(1)assume that... 假设... Let’s _________________________you are right. (假设你是对的。)(2)_________________________ 承担责任4. ease(n.) 容易,舒适 _________________________ (轻松地), _________________________ (安逸,自在)(v.) 减轻,缓解 _________________________ (缓解疼痛/压力)二、常考短语_________________________意识到 (复习Unit 3)_________________________ 换句话说_________________________ 很可能..._________________________ 炫耀_________________________ 发挥作用,产生影响_________________________ 失败;崩溃;分解写作与应用一、常用表达与句型:_________________________... (我喜欢/讨厌/感激...)..._________________________..._________________________(...意味着...)_________________________... (我的建议是...)_________________________g... (他/她擅长...)_________________________g... (我期待着...)_________________________... (...是没有用的)_________________________g... (成功的关键是...)二、写作技巧与易错点:1.语法运用:在表达喜好、建议、习惯时,主动使用enjoy doing, suggest doing, be used to doing等结构,提升语法得分。2.避免错误:时刻检查介词(for, of, without, to等)后面是否错误地接了动词原形,确保接的是doing。3.丰富句式:尝试用动名词作表语来下定义。简单句:His habit is that he gets up early.高级句:His habit is _________________________. (他的习惯是早起。)选必一Unit 5核心语法—主语从句主语从句,顾名思义,就是一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语的成分。引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类:一、从属连词:that, whether(1)that: 在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义,只起连接作用。不能省略。(2)whether: 表示“是否”,在从句中不作成分,但有意义。不能用 if 替换。_________________________he will succeed is certain. (他会成功是肯定的。)_________________________we will go camping depends on the weather. (我们是否去露营取决于天气。)连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever这些词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,并且有本身的词义。(1)what: 是最高频的考点,意为“所...的事物”(= the thing(s) that)_________________________we need is more time. (我们所需要的是更多时间。)【what在从句中作need的宾语】_________________________is most important is to protect the environment. (最重要的是保护环境。)【what在从句中作主语】(2)who/whom/whoever:_________________________will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.(谁将成为我们的班长还没有决定。)【who在从句中作主语】(3)which/whichever: 表示“哪一个”_________________________book is more interesting is clear to us all. (哪本书更有趣我们大家都清楚。)三、连接副词:when, where, how, why这些词在从句中充当状语,并有本身的词义。_________________________he will come back is still unknown. (他什么时候回来还不知道。)_________________________we can finish the task on time is a problem. (我们如何能按时完成任务是个问题。)_________________________he did it remains a mystery. (他为什么这样做仍然是个谜。)四、形式主语 it由于主语从句较长,为了避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语从句后置。这是更常见、更地道的用法。1.基本结构:It + be + 形容词/名词/过去分词 + that从句2.常见句型:(1)It is clear/obvious/true/natural/important/necessary... that..._________________________ he is lying. (很明显他在撒谎。)(2)It is a pity/a shame/a fact/an honor... that..._________________________you can’t come to the party. (很遗憾你不能来参加派对。)(3)It is said/reported/believed/known/expected... that..._________________________ a new park will be built here. (据报道这里将建一个新公园。)(4)It seems/happens/occurs... that..._________________________ she has known the truth. (看来她已经知道真相了。)五、易错点与难点1. that 的省略问题:在主语从句中,that 绝对不能省略。错误:He is right is obvious.正确:_________________________he is right is obvious. / It is obvious _________________________he is right.whether 与 if 的混淆:引导主语从句时,只能用 whether,不能用 if。错误:If we can win the game is not important.正确:_________________________we can win the game is not important.it 作形式主语时,谓语动词用单数:错误:It are true that he failed.正确:It _________________________true that he failed.语序问题:主语从句一律使用陈述句语序,而非疑问句语序。错误:How can we get there is the question.正确:How _________________________ get there is the question.what 与 that 的混淆(最高频考点):what 在从句中要充当成分(主/宾/表),意为“所...的”。that 在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。对比:_________________________he said made me angry. (他所说的话让我生气。)【what作said的宾语】_________________________he said it made me angry. (他说了这件事让我生气。)【that只起连接作用,he said it本身结构完整】重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. struggle (v. & n.) 斗争,奋斗,努力(1)_________________________ 与...斗争(2)_________________________ 为...而奋斗(3)_________________________努力做某事He struggled to get out of the burning car. (他挣扎着从燃烧的车里出来。)equip (v.) 装备,配备(1)equip... with... 用...装备...(2)be equipped with 配备有...The lab _________________________advanced computers. (实验室配备有先进的电脑。)_________________________(n.) [U] 设备,器材 (不能说 an equipment 或 equipments)export(v.) 出口 / k sp t/:_________________________.. (向...出口...)(n.) 出口;出口商品 / eksp t/:_________________________ (茶叶出口)reduce (v.) 减少,降低(1)reduce... to... 减少到...(2)reduce... by... 减少了...The price _________________________20%. (价格降低了20%。)The number of students _________________________50. (学生数量减少到了50人。)supply(v.) 供应:_________________________或 _________________________sth (向某人供应某物)(n.) 供应,供给物:_________________________(供水)二、常考短语_________________________由于,多亏 (复习Unit 1 & 2)_________________________摆脱,除去_________________________指的是;参考;提及_________________________导致,通向 (复习Unit 1)_________________________on 专注于_________________________对...满意_________________________坚持 (复习Unit 4)写作与应用本单元主题是“耕作”或更广的“努力工作与奉献”,写作中非常适合使用主语从句来引出观点和事实,使文章开头更显客观和有力度。一、常用表达与句型(主语从句是亮点):_________________________... (我们现在需要做的是...)_________________________... (我们能否成功取决于...)_________________________... (众所周知...)_________________________... (重要的是要认识到...)_________________________. (我们如何解决这个问题至关重要。)_________________________... (毫无疑问...)二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 丰富句式:避免总是用I think...开头,多用It is... that...或What... is...等结构来提升句式多样性。普通:I think protecting the environment is important.高级:_________________________ protecting the environment is of great importance.2.避免错误:在写作中检查主语从句的语序(必须是陈述句语序)和连接词(是否缺了that或误用了if)。选必二Unit 1核心语法—表语从句表语从句位于系动词(主要是be动词)之后,对主语进行解释和说明,回答“是什么”的问题。其结构为:主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 从句。一、 引导词用法与考点1. 从属连词:that, whether, as if/as though(1)that: 在从句中不作任何成分,无词义,通常不省略。The truth is _________________________he didn’t finish his homework. (事实是他没完成作业。)(2)whether: 表示“是否”,在从句中不作成分。The question is _________________________we have enough time. (问题是我们是否有足够的时间。)(3)as if / as though: 表示“好像,仿佛”,从句常用虚拟语气(用过去式表示现在)。It looks _________________________it is going to rain. (看起来好像要下雨了。)【陈述语气,真实可能性大】He talks as if he _________________________everything. (他说话的样子好像他什么都知道。)【虚拟语气,与现在事实相反】连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever这些词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,并有本身的词义。what 是最常用的连接代词。That is _________________________I want to tell you. (那就是我想告诉你的。)【what作tell的宾语】The problem is _________________________can be trusted. (问题是谁能被信任。)【who作主语】连接副词:when, where, how, why这些词在从句中充当状语,并有本身的词义。That is _________________________he was late for school. (那就是他上学迟到的原因。)My hometown is no longer _________________________it used to be. (我的家乡不再是它过去的样子了。)【what作表语】二、 易错点与难点1. that 的省略问题:在表语从句中,that 通常不能省略,尤其是在正式文体中。错误:The fact is, he lied to us.正确:The fact is _________________________he lied to us.whether 与 if 的混淆:引导表语从句时,只能用 whether,不能用 if。错误:The point is if we can get their support.正确:The point is _________________________we can get their support.because 不能引导表语从句这是一个非常高频的易错点!because 引导原因状语从句,不能用在系动词后作表语。表示“原因是...”要用That is because...或The reason is that...。错误:The reason for his success is because he worked hard.正确:The reason for his success is _________________________he worked hard.正确:He succeeded. That is _________________________he worked hard.语序问题:表语从句一律使用陈述句语序。错误:The question is when will he come back.正确:The question is when _________________________ come back.what 与 that 的混淆:(1)what 在从句中必须充当成分(主、宾、表等),意为“所...的”;(2)that 在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。对比:His idea is _________________________I need. (他的想法正是我所需要的东西。)【what作need的宾语】His idea is _________________________we should leave at once. (他的想法是我们应该立刻离开。)【that只起连接作用,we should leave at once本身结构完整】重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. arise (vi.) 出现,发生 (arose, arisen)指问题、困难、情况等“产生、发生”。A new problem has arisen. (一个新问题出现了。)易混词辨析:_________________________(vi.): 发生,出现_________________________(vi.): 上升,上涨 (太阳升起、价格上涨)_________________________(vt.): 举起,提高,抚养 (后接宾语:raise your hand, raise prices, raise a child)2.expose (v.) 暴露,使接触(1)expose... to... 使...暴露于...;使...接触到...Don’t _________________________ the sun for too long. (不要让皮肤在阳光下暴晒太久。)_________________________(n.) 暴露3. absorb (v.) 吸收;使全神贯注be absorbed in (doing) sth 全神贯注于...He _________________________completely _________________________his book. (他完全全神贯注于他的书。)cure(v.) 治愈:_________________________a disease 治愈某人的疾病(n.) 疗法,治愈:_________________________cancer 治疗癌症的方法5. symptom (n.) 症状_________________________... 有...的症状二、常考短语_________________________... _________________________... 将...与...联系起来_________________________对某人要求严格_________________________对某事要求严格_________________________解释,说明;占(比例)_________________________有助于,导致;捐献_________________________导致 (复习Unit 1 & 4)_________________________另外_________________________尽管写作与应用本单元主题与科学发现或问题分析相关。写作中非常适合使用表语从句来下定义、陈述事实或阐明原因,使表达更加严谨和客观。一、常用表达与句型(表语从句是亮点):_________________________... (原因是...)【切记不能用because】_________________________... (那是因为...)_________________________... (问题在于是否...)_________________________... (最重要的是...)_________________________... (那就是...)_________________________... (我的建议是...)【从句常用(should) + do的虚拟语气】_________________________... (看起来好像...)二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 丰富句式:在分析原因或说明情况时,避免只会用Because...开头,多用The reason is that...或That is because...来提升句式层次。普通:He failed because he was too careless.高级:He failed. That was _________________________he was too careless. / The reason for his failure was _________________________he was too careless.避免错误:时刻警惕The reason is because...这一经典错误结构。检查表语从句的语序是否为陈述句语序。选必二Unit 2核心语法—名词性从句一、综合易错点与难点(高分关键)1. that 的省略问题:(1)主语从句:绝不能省略。 (正) _________________________she got the first prize is great news.(2)宾语从句:通常可以省略(尤其口语中)。 I think (_________________________) you are right.(3)表语从句:通常不省略。 (正) The truth is _________________________I don’t know him.2. whether 与 if 的混淆:(1)主语从句:只能用 whether。(误) If we need it is unclear. (正) _________________________we need it is unclear.(2)宾语从句:通常可互换,但后有or not或介词时,只能用 whether。I don’t know _________________________he agrees.It depends on _________________________(不能用if) it will rain.(3)表语从句:只能用 whether。(误) The point is if we can afford it.(正) The point is _________________________we can afford it.because 不能引导表语从句:这是最高频的错误之一!表“原因”时用The reason is that...或That is because...。(误) The reason is because he was ill.(正) The reason is _________________________he was ill.(正) He was absent. That is _________________________he was ill.语序问题:所有名词性从句一律使用陈述句语序,而非疑问句语序。(误) I don’t know where is the station.(正) I don’t know where _________________________.(误) How can we get there is a problem.(正) How _________________________ get there is a problem.“缺成分”必用“ what”:如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,通常用what(= the thing(s) that)。(正) _________________________ (= The thing that) he needs is a good rest. (he needs后面缺宾语)(对比) _________________________he needs a good rest is obvious. (he needs a good rest本身结构完整,that不充当成分)重点词汇与短语一、常考词汇及用法1. consult (v.) 咨询;查阅;商量(1)_________________________ 向某人咨询(2)_________________________ 查字典/地图(3)_________________________与某人商量You should _________________________ your pain. (你应该向医生咨询你的疼痛。)obtain (v.) 获得,得到(正式用语) (复习 Unit 1)_________________________获取知识/信息/许可available (adj.) 可获得的;有空的,常用作后置定语或表语。Is the manager _________________________ (经理有空吗?)There are no _________________________for tonight’s show. (今晚演出的票已经售罄。)ensure (v.) 确保,保证(1)_________________________... 确保...(2)_________________________保证某事Please _________________________all lights are turned off. (请确保所有的灯都关了。)(3)易混词辨析:_________________________: 确保(某事发生)_________________________: 给...投保 (insure one’s life/car)_________________________: 向...保证,使确信 (assure sb of sth / assure sb that...)response (n./v.) 回答,反应(1)_________________________作为对...的回应(2)_________________________ 作出回应(3)_________________________(对...作出反应)二、常考短语_________________________ 调查,观察 (复习 Unit 2)_________________________ 由于,因为_________________________负责,掌管 (复习 Unit 2)_________________________ 开始负责,接管_________________________解释,说明;占(比例) (复习 Unit 1)_________________________ 很可能..._________________________愿意做..._________________________对...负责写作与应用本单元的综合性质意味着写作主题更为广泛,如议论文、调查报告、现象分析等。熟练运用名词性从句是使文章逻辑严谨、句式丰富的关键。一、常用表达与句型(名词性从句是亮点):1. 引言/提出观点:_________________________... (今天我们讨论的是...)【主语从句】_________________________... (人们普遍认为...)【主语从句+形式主语】The purpose of this report is to find out _________________________... (本报告的目的是探究是否...)【表语从句】陈述事实/原因:_________________________... (调查显示...)【宾语从句】_________________________... (一个原因是...)【表语从句,切记不用because】_________________________... (那是因为...)得出结论/建议:My suggestion is that _________________________(_________________________) _________________________... (我的建议是我们应该...)【表语从句+虚拟语气】_________________________... (我们现在需要做的是...)【主语从句+表语从句】二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 句式多样性:在一篇文章中交叉使用主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,避免句式单一。2. 避免错误:时刻检查The reason is because...这一经典错误。确保从句语序是陈述句语序。3. 正式语气:在议论文或报告中,使用That..., Whether..., What...等引导的主语从句开头,比用I think更客观、更有力。选必二Unit 3核心语法—过去完成时一、含义及形式构成1.含义:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。2. 结构:had + 过去分词 (done)二、核心用法与考点1. 用法一:表示“过去的过去”当一个句子中有两个过去发生的动作,先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时。通常会有明显的上下文或时间状语暗示。例句:When I got to the station, the train _________________________. (当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。)【“到达”是一般过去时,“离开”是在其之前完成的】He told me that he _________________________the film. (他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。)【“看”发生在“告诉”之前】用法二:与 by, before 等引导的时间状语连用表示“到过去某个时间为止”已经完成的动作。常用时间状语:by the end of last year, by yesterday, before 2000, when he arrived (当从句动作发生时,主句动作已完成)例句:By the time he was 14, he _________________________himself advanced mathematics.(到他14岁的时候,他已经自学了高等数学。)She _________________________her homework before dinner. (她在晚饭前就做完作业了。)用法三:用于宾语从句中当主句谓语是过去时(如 said, told, asked, thought, knew 等),从句中的动作若发生在主句动作之前,则从句要用过去完成时。例句:He asked if I _________________________to Paris. (他问我是否去过巴黎。)【“去”发生在“问”之前】三、易错点与难点1. 与一般过去时的混淆(最常见错误)没有“过去的过去”这个时间参照时,不要滥用过去完成时。错误:I had finished my work yesterday. (昨天我完成了工作。)【只有一个过去时间yesterday,应用一般过去时】正确:I _________________________my work yesterday.正确:I _________________________my work when he came. (当他来的时候,我已经完成工作了。)【“完成”在“来”之前】在含 after, before, as soon as 等连词的复合句中这些连词本身已经清晰地表明了动作的先后顺序,因此主从句可以都用一般过去时,但为了强调“已完成”,先发生的动作仍可用过去完成时。例句:After he (_________________________) _________________________, I found his note. (他离开后,我发现了他的纸条。)【用had left或left均可】I called him as soon as I (_________________________) _________________________. (我一到达就给他打了电话。)在 by the time 引导的时间状语从句中,主句通常用过去完成时。例句:By the time the doctor arrived, the patient _________________________. (医生赶到时,病人已经死了。)在 hope, expect, think, want 等动词的过去式后用过去完成时表示“未实现的愿望或想法”。例句:I _________________________to see you, but I was too busy. (我本希望见到你,但我太忙了。)【最终没见到】重点词汇与短语常考词汇及用法lay (v.) 放置;产卵 (_________________________, _________________________, _________________________)易混词辨析(高频考点):lay (vt.): 放,搁;下蛋。后必须接宾语。 (_________________________摆桌子,lay an egg 下蛋)lie (vi.): 躺;位于。 (_________________________躺下,_________________________躺在床上) (lay, lain, lying)lie (vi./n.): 说谎。 (_________________________对某人说谎) (lied, lied, lying)____________________(vi.) 出现,发生 (____________________, ___________________) (复习 Unit 1)指问题、机会、情况等“产生、发生”。A crisis has arisen. (一场危机出现了。)对比:rise (vi. 上升), raise (vt. 提高,抚养)observe (v.) 观察;注意到;遵守;评论_________________________ (看到某人做某事的全过程)_________________________ (看到某人正在做某事)_________________________(遵守规则)He observed a stranger entering the building. (他注意到一个陌生人正进入大楼。)convince (v.) 使确信,说服(1)_________________________(使某人相信某事)(2)_________________________... (使某人相信...)(3)_________________________... (深信...)I am convinced that he is honest. (我深信他是诚实的。)various (adj.) 各种各样的_________________________(n.) 多样性 a variety of (=various) 各种各样的二、常考短语_________________________ 痴迷于,念念不忘_________________________ 寻找_________________________启航(前往...)_________________________负责,掌管 (复习 Unit 2)_________________________开始负责,接管_________________________ 尽管_________________________(vi.) 用完,耗尽 (物作主语:My patience ran out.)_________________________(vt.) 用完... (人作主语:I ran out of my patience.)写作与应用本单元主题与个人经历相关。写作中会大量用到过去完成时来交代背景、说明原因。一、常用表达与句型(过去完成时是亮点):_________________________..., ..._________________________... (到...时候为止,...已经...)... because/before/after... _________________________... (...因为/在...之前/在...之后已经...)_________________________... (他告诉我他从未见过...)I had always wanted to... _________________________I finally did it. (在我最终做到之前,我一直想...)_________________________... (那是我第一次/第二次做...)【固定句型】二、写作技巧与易错点:1. 时态呼应:在叙述过去的故事时,要清晰地建立时间线。先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时。2. 避免错误:不要在没有过去时间参照的情况下单独使用过去完成时。3. 丰富细节:使用by the time, before, after等连词来清晰连接先后动作。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 专题02 非限制性定语从句(期中复习讲义)(原卷版).docx 专题02选必一~选必二Unit3常考点&易错点(期中知识清单)(背诵版).docx 专题02选必一~选必二Unit3常考点&易错点(期中知识清单)(默写版).docx