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Unit 5 Play by the rules 单词解析一
1.opposite (介词)在.....的对面
[用法讲解]opposite还可为形容词，译为“相反的、对立的、对面的”;opposite还可为可数名词，译为“对立面、反义词”，常与定冠词the连用，其复数形式为opposites.
注意:opposite在作介词时，其同义词组为 across from.
Eg: The bank is opposite the supermarket.
= The bank is across from the supermarket.
银行在超市对面。
The twins have opposite personalities.
双胞胎性格截然相反。
The man you're looking for is in the shop opposite.
你找的人在对面的商店里。
Black is the opposite of white.
黑色是白色的对立面。
They are complete opposites.
他们截然相反。
[常见搭配] be opposite to... 与...相反、与...相对
on the opposite side of ...在...的另一边
do the opposite 做相反的事
Eg: My opinion is opposite to yours.
我的观点和你的相反。
The store is on the opposite side of the street.
商店在街道对面。
He always tells me to do the opposite.
他总让我做相反的事。
[派生词] opposed为形容词，译为“反对的”;
opposing为形容词，译为“对立的”;
opposition为名词，译为“反对、对手”;
oppose为动词，译为“反对”。
Eg: Many people are opposed to the new policy.
很多人反对这项新政策。
The two teams had opposing strategies in the game.
两支球队在比赛中采用了对立的策略。
There was strong opposition to the plan.
对该计划有强烈的反对意见。
In the race, he saw his fellow runners as opposition.
在比赛中，他把其他参赛选手视为对手。
Some citizens opposed the construction of the new factory.
一些市民反对新建这家工厂。
[即学即用]
1.Go straight and the bank is _________(在...对面) the supermarket.
2.Our office is opposite to the bank.(同义句转换)
Our office is________ _______ the bank.
答案:1.opposite2.across from
2.packet (名词)小包、小盒、小袋
[用法讲解] packet为可数名词，其复数形式为 packets.
Eg: She bought a packet of biscuits at the store.
她在商店买了一包饼干。
[常见搭配] a packet of ...一包...
packets data 数据包
Eg: She gave me two packets of sweets.
她给了我两包糖果。
The network is transmitting packet data.
网络正在传输数据包。
[易混辨析]packet与pack的区别:
packet主要强调包装好的小包物品或数据包等;
pack作名词时，主要指背包、一群人等;作动词时，有打包、挤满等意思。
Eg: I sent a packet of books to my friend by air mail.
我用航空邮件给朋友寄了一包书。
A pack of children were playing in the park.
一群孩子在公园里玩耍。
[即学即用]
她小心地打开那包糖，把糖倒进咖啡里。
She carefully opened __________________ and poured it into her coffee.
答案:the packet of sugar
3.picnic (名词) 野餐
[用法讲解] picnic为可数名词，其复数形式为 picnics; picnic还可为动词，译为“去野餐”。
Eg: The picnic included sandwiches, fruits and drinks.
野餐的食物包括三明治、水果和饮料。
We are planning to picnic in the countryside this Saturday.
我们计划这个周六去乡下野餐。
[常见搭配] have a picnic 进行野餐、举行野餐
go on a picnic 去野餐
Eg: We had a picnic in the park yesterday.
昨天我们在公园进行了野餐。
Let's go on a picnic this Sunday.
这个周日我们去野餐吧。
[即学即用]
上星期天我们在乡下进行了野餐。
We _______ ______ _______ in the countryside last Sunday.
答案: had a picnic
4.smelly (形容词)有臭味的
[用法讲解] smelly在句中常位于名词前作定语或系动词后作表语。
Eg: The old house had a smelly smell, probably due to the dampness.
那座老房子有股臭味，可能是因为潮湿的缘故。
The trash can is smelly because we haven't emptied it for days.
垃圾桶很臭，因为我们好几天都没倒垃圾了。
[派生词] smell为动词，译为“闻起来、散发(...气味)”;smell还可为名词，译为“气味、嗅觉”。
Eg: The flowers smell sweet.
这些花闻起来很香。
The old book smells musty.
这本旧书散发出一股霉味。
There is a strange smell in the room.
房间里有一股奇怪的气味。
Dogs have a very good sense of smell.
狗有很灵敏的嗅觉。
[即学即用]
The trash became_________ (smell) after days in the sun.
答案:smelly
5.cheese (名词)干酪、奶酪
[用法讲解] cheese常为不可数名词;但cheese在表示不同种类或某一块奶酪时，为可数名词，其复数形式为cheeses。
Eg: She added some cheese to the pizza.
她在披萨上加了写奶酪。
French cheeses are famous worldwide.
法国奶酪闻名全球。
[常见搭配] a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
big cheese 重要人物、大人物(一种俚语)
Eg: Can I have a piece of cheese, please
请给我一块奶酪好吗
He is the big cheese in the company.
他是公司里的大人物。
[即学即用]
I like to eat _________(奶酪) with bread for breakfast.
答案:cheese
6.noise (名词)噪声、嘈杂声
[用法讲解] noise为不可数名词。
Eg: The loud noise from the nearby factory chafed him.
附近工厂的噪声使他烦躁。
[常见搭配] make noise 制造噪音
Eg: Don't make any noise, your father is sleeping.
不要制造任何噪音，你爸爸正在睡觉。
[派生词] noisy为形容词，译为“嘈杂的、喧闹的”。
Eg: The noisy children were running around in the park.
那些吵闹的孩子在公园里到处跑。
[易混辨析]sound, voice与noise区别:
sound指自然界中所有的声音
voice指人说话的声音或悦耳的鸟叫
noise指让人不舒服的噪音
Eg: sound of music音乐之声
That sounds great.听起来不错。
The girl's voice is sweet.这个女孩的声音很甜美。
Don't make noise, please.请不要制造噪音。
[即学即用]
( )1. My sister has a very beautiful _______.
A.sound B.noise C.voice
2.请不要在教室里制造噪音。
Please don't ________ ________ ________.
答案:1.C 2.make some noise
7.reduce(动词)减少、缩小、降低
Eg: We should reduce the amount of sugar in our diet.
我们应该减少饮食中糖的摄入量。
The company adopted new technology to reduce the cost of production.
公司采用了新技术来降低生产成本。
[常见搭配] reduce to...(数字) 减少到...、降低到...;
reduce by...(百分比) 减少了..、降低了...;
reduce ... to doing sth.被迫采取某种行为做某事。
Eg: The temperature is expected to reduce to zero degrees Celsius tonight.
预计今晚气温将降至零摄氏度。
The price of this product has been reduced by 20%.
这个产品的价格已经降低了20%。
The drought reduced farmers to begging.
旱灾迫使农民乞讨。
[即学即用]
I need to r_______ sugar intake to lose weight.
我需要减少糖分摄入以减肥。
答案:reduce
8.kick(动词) 踢
[用法讲解] kick作动词还可译为“迫使离开、解雇”;kick还可作名词，译为“踢”。
Eg: The boy kicked the ball hard.
男孩用力踢了球。
The manager decided to kick the lazy employee out of the team.
经理决定把这个懒惰的员工踢出团队。
He gave the dog a gentle kick.
他轻轻地踢了狗一下。
[常见搭配] kick about... 到处扔、随意放置
kick back... 放松、踢回
kick in... 开始生效、捐款
Eg: The old toys are kicking about in the attic.
那些旧玩具在阁楼里到处乱扔。
We kicked about the town all day.
我们在城里四处走动了一整天。
After work, I like to kick back and watch TV.
下班后，我喜欢放松一下，看看电视。
The ball kicked back and hit him in the face.
球回弹过来打到了他的脸上。
The pain - killer will kick in soon.
止疼药很快就会起作用了。
Everyone kicked in some money for the charity.
每个人都为慈善事业捐了一些钱。
[即学即用]
He k_________the ball into the net.
答案:kicked
9.seat (名词)座、座位
[用法讲解] seat作名词为可数名词，其复数形式为seats，还可译为“所在地、席位”;seat还可为动词，译为“安排座位、容纳人数、安装”。
Eg: Please check your boarding pass for your assigned seat.
请查看登机牌上的指定座位。
Beijing is the seat of government of China.
北京是中国政府所在地。
Jack will win a seat in an election.
杰克将在选举中赢得一个席位。
The protocol officer seated diplomats according to their ranks.
礼宾官按外交官级别安排入座。
The amphitheater seats 1,200 with optimal sightlines.
该圆形剧场最佳观演区设1200座。
Seat the valve carefully to prevent gas leakage.
仔细安装阀门底座以防气体泄漏。
[常见搭配] take/ have a seat坐下
seat oneself 自行坐下
book a seat 预定座位
Eg: Can I have a seat here
我可以坐这里吗
Please seat yourself. 请坐。
I booked a seat on the high - speed train to Beijing on the Internet.
我在网上预定了去北京的高铁座位。
[即学即用]
Last year its 1431_________ (seat) were 94 percent occupied all year long.
答案: seats
10.passenger (名词)乘客、旅客
[用法讲解] passenger为可数名词，其复数形式为passengers。
Eg: The passengers on the plane were all nervous during the turbulence.
飞机遇到气流颠簸时，乘客们都很紧张。
[常见搭配] passenger transport 客运
passenger flow 客流
Eg: Urban passenger transport needs more investment.
城市客运需要更多投资。
The subway station has heavy passenger flow during rush hours.
地铁站在高峰时段客流很大。
[即学即用]
There are many _________(乘客) waiting at the bus stop for the next bus.
答案:passengers
11.anything(代词)任何事物都(没有)
[用法讲解] anything为不定代词，主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句;形容词修饰anything时要后置。
Eg: Is there anything in the box
盒子里有什么吗
I don't know anything about it.
我对此一无所知。
If you remember anything, please let us know.
如果你还记得什么，请告诉我们。
There isn't anything important today.
今天没有什么重要的事。
[即学即用]
( )You have just read the newspaper. Did you find _____ in it
A.interesting anything
B. anything interesting
C.interesting something
D. something interesting
答案:B
12.fool(名词)蠢人、傻子、笨蛋
[用法讲解] fool作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为fools;fool还可为动词，译为“愚弄、欺骗、戏弄”。
Eg: Don't be a fool! You're making a big mistake.
别犯傻了!你正在犯一个大错误。
She fooled him with a fake story.
她用一个假故事骗了他。
[常见搭配] fool + 宾语 + into doing sth.骗某人做某事
fool + 宾语 + out of sth. 通过欺诈手段骗取某物
fool around/ about ... 无所事事、虚度光阴
make a fool of sb. 使某人出丑、愚弄某人
Eg: The salesman fooled me into buying an overpriced product.
推销员骗我买下了高价商品。
The scammer fooled the elderly man out of his savings.
骗子骗走了老人的积蓄。
He spent the whole afternoon fooling around instead of studying.
他整个下午都在闲混，而没有学习。
Don't try to make a fool of me. I'm not that easily deceived.
别想愚弄我。我没那么容易上当。
[派生词] foolish为形容词，译为“愚蠢的、傻的”。
Eg: He made a foolish mistake in the exam.
他在考试中犯了一个愚蠢的错误。
[即学即用]
He is such a ________(蠢人) that he made the same mistake again.
答案:fool
13.sign (名词) 标记、指示牌、标牌
[用法讲解] sign作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为signs，还可译为“手势、迹象”;sign作动词还可译为“签署、签字、打手势”。
Eg: He made a sign with his hand to ask me to come over.
他用手势示意我过去。
There is a“No Parking”sign here.
这里有一个“禁止停车”的标志。
The dark clouds are a sign of rain.
乌云是下雨的征兆。
Please sign your name here.
请在这里签上你的名字。
They signed a contract yesterday.
他们昨天签订了一份合同。
He signed to me that it was time to leave.
他向我打手势表示该离开了。
[常见搭配] show signs of ... 显示出...的迹象
traffic sign 交通标志
make a sign 做手势
sign language 手语
sign to sth. to do sth.示意某人做某事
Eg: The plant shows signs of wilting.
这株植物显出枯萎的迹象。
We should follow the traffic signs when driving.
开车时我们应该遵守交通标志。
He made a sign to me to come over.
他向我做了个手势让我过去。
Some deaf - mute people communicate through sign language.
一些聋哑人通过手语交流。
The teacher signed to the students to be quiet.
老师示意学生们保持安静。
[即学即用]
The stop ________(标志)was hidden by overgrown bushes.
答案:sign
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共38张PPT)
Unit 5 Play by the rules
八年级
外研版2024
上
单词解析一
1.opposite (介词)在.....的对面
[用法讲解]opposite还可为形容词，译为“相反的、对立的、对面的”;opposite还可为可数名词，译为“对立面、反义词”，常与定冠词the连用，其复数形式为opposites.
注意:opposite在作介词时，其同义词组为 across from.
Eg: The bank is opposite the supermarket.
= The bank is across from the supermarket.
银行在超市对面。
The twins have opposite personalities.
双胞胎性格截然相反。
The man you're looking for is in the shop opposite.
你找的人在对面的商店里。
Black is the opposite of white.
黑色是白色的对立面。
They are complete opposites.
他们截然相反。
[常见搭配]be opposite to...与...相反、与...相对
on the opposite side of ...在...的另一边
do the opposite做相反的事
Eg: My opinion is opposite to yours.
我的观点和你的相反。
The store is on the opposite side of the street.
商店在街道对面。
He always tells me to do the opposite.
他总让我做相反的事。
[派生词] opposed为形容词，译为“反对的”;
opposing为形容词，译为“对立的”;
opposition为名词，译为“反对、对手”;
oppose为动词，译为“反对”。
Eg: Many people are opposed to the new policy.
很多人反对这项新政策。
The two teams had opposing strategies in the game.
两支球队在比赛中采用了对立的策略。
There was strong opposition to the plan.
对该计划有强烈的反对意见。
In the race, he saw his fellow runners as opposition.
在比赛中，他把其他参赛选手视为对手。
Some citizens opposed the construction of the new factory.
一些市民反对新建这家工厂。
[即学即用]
1.Go straight and the bank is _________(在...对面) the supermarket.
2.Our office is opposite to the bank.(同义句转换)
Our office is________ _______ the bank.
opposite
across from
2.packet (名词)小包、小盒、小袋
[用法讲解] packet为可数名词，其复数形式为packets.
Eg: She bought a packet of biscuits at the store.
她在商店买了一包饼干。
[常见搭配]a packet of ...一包...
packets data数据包
Eg: She gave me two packets of sweets.
她给了我两包糖果。
The network is transmitting packet data.
网络正在传输数据包。
[易混辨析]packet与pack的区别:
packet主要强调包装好的小包物品或数据包等;
pack作名词时，主要指背包、一群人等;作动词时，有打包、挤满等意思。
Eg: I sent a packet of books to my friend by air mail.
我用航空邮件给朋友寄了一包书。
A pack of children were playing in the park.
一群孩子在公园里玩耍。
[即学即用]
她小心地打开那包糖，把糖倒进咖啡里。
She carefully opened __________________ and poured it into her coffee.
the packet of sugar
3.picnic (名词) 野餐
[用法讲解] picnic为可数名词，其复数形式为picnics; picnic还可为动词，译为“去野餐”。
Eg: The picnic included sandwiches, fruits and drinks.
野餐的食物包括三明治、水果和饮料。
We are planning to picnic in the countryside this Saturday.
我们计划这个周六去乡下野餐。
[常见搭配]have a picnic进行野餐、举行野餐
go on a picnic去野餐
Eg: We had a picnic in the park yesterday.
昨天我们在公园进行了野餐。
Let's go on a picnic this Sunday.
这个周日我们去野餐吧。
[即学即用]
上星期天我们在乡下进行了野餐。
We _______ ______ _______ in the countryside last Sunday.
had a picnic
4.smelly (形容词)有臭味的
[用法讲解] smelly在句中常位于名词前作定语或系动词后作表语。
Eg: The old house had a smelly smell, probably due to the dampness.
那座老房子有股臭味，可能是因为潮湿的缘故。
The trash can is smelly because we haven't emptied it for days.
垃圾桶很臭，因为我们好几天都没倒垃圾了。
[派生词]smell为动词，译为“闻起来、散发(...气味)”;smell还可为名词，译为“气味、嗅觉”。
Eg: The flowers smell sweet.
这些花闻起来很香。
The old book smells musty.
这本旧书散发出一股霉味。
There is a strange smell in the room.
房间里有一股奇怪的气味。
Dogs have a very good sense of smell.
狗有很灵敏的嗅觉。
[即学即用]
The trash became_________ (smell) after days in the sun.
smelly
5.cheese (名词)干酪、奶酪
[用法讲解]cheese常为不可数名词;但cheese在表示不同种类或某一块奶酪时，为可数名词，其复数形式为cheeses。
Eg: She added some cheese to the pizza.
她在披萨上加了写奶酪。
French cheeses are famous worldwide.
法国奶酪闻名全球。
[常见搭配]a piece of cheese一块奶酪
big cheese重要人物、大人物(一种俚语)
Eg: Can I have a piece of cheese, please
请给我一块奶酪好吗
He is the big cheese in the company.
他是公司里的大人物。
[即学即用]
I like to eat _________(奶酪) with bread for breakfast.
cheese
6.noise (名词)噪声、嘈杂声
[用法讲解] noise为不可数名词。
Eg: The loud noise from the nearby factory chafed him.
附近工厂的噪声使他烦躁。
[常见搭配]make noise制造噪音
Eg: Don't make any noise, your father is sleeping.
不要制造任何噪音，你爸爸正在睡觉。
[派生词] noisy为形容词，译为“嘈杂的、喧闹的”。
Eg: The noisy children were running around in the park.
那些吵闹的孩子在公园里到处跑。
[易混辨析]sound, voice与noise区别:
sound指自然界中所有的声音
voice指人说话的声音或悦耳的鸟叫
noise指让人不舒服的噪音
Eg: sound of music音乐之声
That sounds great.听起来不错。
The girl's voice is sweet.这个女孩的声音很甜美。
Don't make noise, please.请不要制造噪音。
[即学即用]
( )1. My sister has a very beautiful _______.
A.sound B.noise C.voice
2.请不要在教室里制造噪音。
Please don't ________ ________ ________.

C
make some noise
7.reduce(动词)减少、缩小、降低
Eg: We should reduce the amount of sugar in our diet.
我们应该减少饮食中糖的摄入量。
The company adopted new technology to reduce the cost of production.
公司采用了新技术来降低生产成本。
[常见搭配]reduce to...(数字)减少到...、降低到...;
reduce by...(百分比) 减少了..、降低了...;
reduce ... to doing sth.被迫采取某种行为做某事。
Eg: The temperature is expected to reduce to zero degrees Celsius tonight.
预计今晚气温将降至零摄氏度。
The price of this product has been reduced by 20%.
这个产品的价格已经降低了20%。
The drought reduced farmers to begging.
旱灾迫使农民乞讨。
[即学即用]
I need to r_______ sugar intake to lose weight.
我需要减少糖分摄入以减肥。
educe
8.kick(动词) 踢
[用法讲解]kick作动词还可译为“迫使离开、解雇”;kick还可作名词，译为“踢”。
Eg: The boy kicked the ball hard.
男孩用力踢了球。
The manager decided to kick the lazy employee out of the team.
经理决定把这个懒惰的员工踢出团队。
He gave the dog a gentle kick.
他轻轻地踢了狗一下。
[常见搭配]kick about...到处扔、随意放置
kick back...放松、踢回
kick in...开始生效、捐款
Eg: The old toys are kicking about in the attic.
那些旧玩具在阁楼里到处乱扔。
We kicked about the town all day.
我们在城里四处走动了一整天。
After work, I like to kick back and watch TV.
下班后，我喜欢放松一下，看看电视。
The ball kicked back and hit him in the face.
球回弹过来打到了他的脸上。
The pain - killer will kick in soon.
止疼药很快就会起作用了。
Everyone kicked in some money for the charity.
每个人都为慈善事业捐了一些钱。
[即学即用]
He k_________the ball into the net.
icked
9.seat (名词)座、座位
[用法讲解] seat作名词为可数名词，其复数形式为seats，还可译为“所在地、席位”;seat还可为动词，译为“安排座位、容纳人数、安装”。
Eg: Please check your boarding pass for your assigned seat.
请查看登机牌上的指定座位。
Beijing is the seat of government of China.
北京是中国政府所在地。
Jack will win a seat in an election.
杰克将在选举中赢得一个席位。
The protocol officer seated diplomats according to their ranks.
礼宾官按外交官级别安排入座。
The amphitheater seats 1,200 with optimal sightlines.
该圆形剧场最佳观演区设1200座。
Seat the valve carefully to prevent gas leakage.
仔细安装阀门底座以防气体泄漏。
[常见搭配] take/ have a seat坐下
seat oneself自行坐下
book a seat预定座位
Eg: Can I have a seat here
我可以坐这里吗
Please seat yourself.请坐。
I booked a seat on the high - speed train to Beijing on the Internet.
我在网上预定了去北京的高铁座位。
[即学即用]
Last year its 1431_________ (seat) were 94 percent occupied all year long.
seats
10.passenger (名词)乘客、旅客
[用法讲解] passenger为可数名词，其复数形式为passengers。
Eg: The passengers on the plane were all nervous during the turbulence.
飞机遇到气流颠簸时，乘客们都很紧张。
[常见搭配]passenger transport客运
passenger flow客流
Eg: Urban passenger transport needs more investment.
城市客运需要更多投资。
The subway station has heavy passenger flow during rush hours.
地铁站在高峰时段客流很大。
[即学即用]
There are many _________(乘客) waiting at the bus stop for the next bus.
passengers
11.anything(代词)任何事物都(没有)
[用法讲解] anything为不定代词，主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句;形容词修饰anything时要后置。
Eg: Is there anything in the box
盒子里有什么吗
I don't know anything about it.
我对此一无所知。
If you remember anything, please let us know.
如果你还记得什么，请告诉我们。
There isn't anything important today.
今天没有什么重要的事。
[即学即用]
( )You have just read the newspaper. Did you find _____ in it
A.interesting anything
B. anything interesting
C.interesting something
D. something interesting
B
12.fool(名词)蠢人、傻子、笨蛋
[用法讲解] fool作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为fools;fool还可为动词，译为“愚弄、欺骗、戏弄”。
Eg: Don't be a fool! You're making a big mistake.
别犯傻了!你正在犯一个大错误。
She fooled him with a fake story.
她用一个假故事骗了他。
[常见搭配] fool + 宾语 + into doing sth.骗某人做某事
fool + 宾语 + out of sth.通过欺诈手段骗取某物
fool around/ about ...无所事事、虚度光阴
make a fool of sb.使某人出丑、愚弄某人
Eg: The salesman fooled me into buying an overpriced product.
推销员骗我买下了高价商品。
The scammer fooled the elderly man out of his savings.
骗子骗走了老人的积蓄。
He spent the whole afternoon fooling around instead of studying.
他整个下午都在闲混，而没有学习。
Don't try to make a fool of me. I'm not that easily deceived.
别想愚弄我。我没那么容易上当。
[派生词] foolish为形容词，译为“愚蠢的、傻的”。
Eg: He made a foolish mistake in the exam.
他在考试中犯了一个愚蠢的错误。
[即学即用]
He is such a ________(蠢人) that he made the same mistake again.
fool
13.sign (名词) 标记、指示牌、标牌
[用法讲解] sign作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为signs，还可译为“手势、迹象”;sign作动词还可译为“签署、签字、打手势”。
Eg: He made a sign with his hand to ask me to come over.
他用手势示意我过去。
There is a“No Parking”sign here.
这里有一个“禁止停车”的标志。
The dark clouds are a sign of rain.
乌云是下雨的征兆。
Please sign your name here.
请在这里签上你的名字。
They signed a contract yesterday.
他们昨天签订了一份合同。
He signed to me that it was time to leave.
他向我打手势表示该离开了。
[常见搭配]show signs of ...显示出...的迹象
traffic sign交通标志
make a sign做手势
sign language手语
sign to sth. to do sth.示意某人做某事
Eg: The plant shows signs of wilting.
这株植物显出枯萎的迹象。
We should follow the traffic signs when driving.
开车时我们应该遵守交通标志。
He made a sign to me to come over.
他向我做了个手势让我过去。
Some deaf - mute people communicate through sign language.
一些聋哑人通过手语交流。
The teacher signed to the students to be quiet.
老师示意学生们保持安静。
[即学即用]
The stop ________(标志)was hidden by overgrown bushes.

sign
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