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2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语单元核心素养培优卷外研版（2024）
Unit 6 When disaster strikes
本试卷共11页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
Many animals do strange things before the 1 . This is because they can sense environmental changes. The fact may be 2 . Earthquakes can kill people and 3 down houses. The animals may help to save lives.
Some animals make a lot of 4 before an earthquake. Farmers know well about this. 5 that are usually quiet start to bark (吠). Horses on farms run around in circles. Mice leave their 6 and run away. What’s unexpected is that cows give less 7 .
In a town in Italy, cats once raced down the street in a group. That 8 only a few hours before an earthquake. In San Francisco, a man kept small pet 9 . One Sunday, the frogs 10 around him more than ever and croaked (呱呱地叫) 11 . That night, an earthquake hit the city.
People want to know 12 an earthquake is coming. Then they can get away 13 . Right now, there is no sure way to 14 ahead of time. Maybe one of the best ideas is watching the 15 .
1．A．earthquake B．flood C．lightning D．typhoon
2．A．surprising B．easy C．important D．interesting
3．A．knock B．kick C．keep D．kill
4．A．moves B．noises C．voices D．winds
5．A．Fish B．Ducks C．Dogs D．Geese
6．A．pools B．caves C．holes D．forests
7．A．eggs B．wastewater C．milk D．mud
8．A．hurt B．hit C．happened D．held
9．A．cats B．frogs C．foxes D．pigs
10．A．swam B．jogged C．ran D．jumped
11．A．highly B．beautifully C．slowly D．loudly
12．A．why B．when C．where D．what
13．A．hard B．loudly C．safely D．carefully
14．A．know B．understand C．find D．hear
15．A．food B．people C．animals D．buildings
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
Natalie Doan, a teenager in America, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, the ocean turned extremely terrible. That night, Hurricane (飓风) Sandy hit the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. The next day, Natalie and her family found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and people were having the most difficult time, especially the elderly.
To help others rebuild, teenagers climbed stairs to send water and food to elderly people trapped (困住) in powerless high buildings. Natalie was deeply moved by all these things and decided to do something.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page, matching people in need with people who wanted to offer help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick got a new collection. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed things to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. She was later invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the streets are clear and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie says, “Because of everyone’s efforts in making a better home, Rockaway will be even stronger than before.”
16．When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________.
A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed
C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering
17．The phrase “in ruins” Paragraph 2 means the neighborhood was ________.
A．clean and tidy B．in a mess
C．just the same as usual D．even better than before
18．How did Natalie help the people in need
A．She gave her toys to other kids. B．She took care of younger children.
C．She called on the White House to help. D．She built an information sharing website.
19．According to Paragraph 3, who inspired Natalie most
A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild.
B．The people trapped in high-rise buildings.
C．The volunteers donating money to survivors.
D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.
20．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage
A．Little people can make a big difference B．A friend in need is a friend indeed
C．East or west, home is best D．Technology is power
B
An earthquake may happen at any time. It’s best for us to know what to do, where to go for safety and who to contact during an earthquake. The following information will help you.
First, prepare your personal earthquake bag. Collect these items and keep them somewhere near you: water, food, medicine, a mobile phone, a torch (手电筒), personal toiletries (洗漱用品), a blanket and some money.
Second, drop, hide, hold on and contact. Drop to the floor and protect your head and neck with your arms. Hide yourself beside something like a table, a bed and so on. Hold on to the furniture so that you won't move away during the earthquake. Contact family or friends to tell them where you are.
Third, never do these things: standing too close to the buildings or standing under trees or signs. It’s better for you to stand in an open space. Never get too close to the power lines (输电线) because you may be badly hurt by electricity.
21．What does the underlined word “contact” mean in Chinese
A．求救 B．联络 C．接触 D．帮助
22．Where should we drop to protect our head and neck with our arms
A．On a table. B．Behind a door. C．On the floor. D．On a bed.
23．What’s the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
24．Which is the best title of the passage
A．The Personal Earthquake Bag B．The Causes of Earthquakes
C．Different Kinds of Earthquakes D．How to Keep Safe During an Earthquake
25．Where may we read the passage
A．In a safety guide. B．In a news report.
C．In a history book. D．In a storybook.
C
Every thirty seconds, there is an earthquake in the world. Some of these earthquakes are so weak that people can’t feel them. But some of them are very serious and many people get hurt or die in them. Do you know what causes earthquakes
The earth’s surface (表面) has many pieces. These pieces are always moving. When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake. Scientists are trying to predict (预测) big earthquakes, but it’s very hard. Do you know how to protect yourself during an earthquake Here are some ways. You should remember them.
If you are inside
◆Quickly move under a desk or along a wall. It will protect you from falling things. Don’t run out of the door.
◆Keep away from windows.
◆Turn off lights.
◆Don’t get into a lift. If you are in a lift, get out as quickly as possible.
If you are outside
◆Don’t stay near tall buildings and trees. Things may fall on you.
◆Be careful of fallen power lines.
◆Lie on the ground in clear areas until the shaking stops.
26．How often does an earthquake happen in the world
A．Once every thirty seconds. B．Once every thirty minutes.
C．Once every three hours. D．Once every thirteen seconds.
27．An earthquake happens because ________.
A．the Earth’s surface is too thin
B．the pieces of the Earth’s surface are moving too fast
C．two pieces of the Earth’s surface move past each other
D．there are too many pieces on the Earth’s surface
28．Where should you stay during an earthquake
A．By the window. B．Under the desk.
C．Get in the elevator. D．Stay near tall buildings and trees.
29．In the passage, you can know ________.
A．you don’t be afraid when an earthquake happens
B．you’d better not stand near tall buildings
C．you should look for your family after the earthquake
D．you should rebuild your homes after the earthquake
30．The passage tells ________.
A．how to predict an earthquake B．how to save people after an earthquake
C．what to do before an earthquake D．what to do during an earthquake
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从文后所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有两项多余）
In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The last Monday in March is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. 31
Stampedes (蜂拥), earthquakes and fires are the main topics at school.
32 When students around you begin to push (推), just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around.
When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk quickly. 33 You should find a place away from buildings and trees if you are outdoors.
34 You had better put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke. 35 That’s very dangerous! When you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor.
A．It’ll protect you from falling things.
B．What accidents do you experience
C．You should lie down and have a rest.
D．What are the main topics at school
E．A stampede always happens in crowded places.
F．When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly.
G．The smoke makes you cough and you can’t breathe.
三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．Brazil is a (develop) country, but it still has huge potential (潜力).
37．The hazy (雾蒙蒙的) skies are a (warn) sign of serious air pollution.
38．Everything you learn becomes a part of you and (change) you.
39．The cinema has the biggest screen, but it has the worst (serve).
40．This restaurant is always very (crowd). The food here must be very delicious.
41．He felt (恐惧) when he heard strange noises outside his window.
42．After putting out the fire, the historic photos in the Nanjing photo studio were finally out of (危险).
43．His teeth are perfectly (笔直的), which makes his perfect smile.
44．The chair is very hard, I feel very . (不舒服的)
45．People get (丢失) easily in the forest.
四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．所有这些问题并不简单。它们都跟哲学有关。
All these questions are not easy. They all philosophy.
47．秋去冬来，大自然的变化悄然发生。
As fall winter, changes in nature take place quietly.
48．最重要的是，你应该让医生检查你的视力。
, you should let the doctor check your eyesight.
49．当我从房子里跑出来时，我看到了她。
When I of the house, I saw her.
50．两个月前，陈决定放弃他的工作并来北京。
Two months ago, Chen give up his job and come to Beijing.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
way, if, your, away, dangerous, jump, stop, than, be, help, brave, warn
Many earthquakes happen every year. Some of these earthquakes are very strong. When they happen in cities, they are very 51 . Many people will be hurt or die in the earthquake. Here are some good 52 to protect yourself during the earthquake.
53 you are inside the house, the safest place is under the strong table or desk. Sitting close to a wall is safer 54 standing in the middle of a room. Remember to protect 55 head and neck with your arms. Stay 56 from windows, heavy furniture and pictures. Do not try to 57 out of high buildings.
If you’re outside the house, go to an open area away from trees or buildings. Be very careful of the power lines. The danger is not over when the earthquake 58 . There will be some aftershocks (余震). Sometimes they can 59 more dangerous.
When it is safe for you to move around, check the people near you. Some of them may need 60 . You may feel afraid, but you should try to stay calm. That is the most important thing to do in the earthquake.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适 当的单词(有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)
The storm brought people closer together. Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black 61 (cloud) were making the sky very dark. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. 62 news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area.
Everyone in the neighbourhood was busy. Ben’s dad was putting pieces 63 wood over the windows while his mum was making sure the flashlights and radio 64 (be) working. She also put some candles and matches on the table.
Ben was helping his mum make dinner when the rain began to beat 65 (heavy) against the windows. Ben couldn’t sleep at first. He finally 66 (fall) asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. When he woke up, the sun was 67 (rise). He went outside with his family and found the neighbourhood in a mess. Fallen trees, 68 (broke) windows and rubbish were everywhere. They joined the neighbours and tried their best 69 (clean) up the neighbourhood together.
The storm broke many things apart, 70 it brought families and neighbours closer together.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Water overflows (溢出) onto dry land and a flood happens. Floods have always been a part of life on earth. Almost every culture has a tale about a great flood. Since old times, people have built cities along rivers because they use the water for drinking and for farming. For that reason, river floods affect (影响) many people. In some places, people have built dams (水坝) to protect land from river flooding.
Floods can be dangerous. However, floods are not always bad. When muddy floodwaters go down, they sometimes leave a layer (层) of wet earth. People in ancient Egypt depended on the flooding of the Nile River every year to help them grow their crops, like rice and corn.
Most often flooding is caused by heavy rains over a long time. After a lot of rain, the ground becomes full of water, and new rainwater runs off or flows downhill. That runoff goes directly into streams and rivers. In springtime, the rain may be mixed with melting snow. Because of the extra water flowing into the streams and rivers, their water level (水位) rises. If the level rises so much that the water overflows the banks, a flood happens.
Flooding can be worse if there is not much vegetation (trees, grass, and other plants) on the land around rivers. In general, land with little vegetation has fewer abilities to absorb (吸收) water. The result is a larger amount of water entering a river system.
Flash floods are the deadliest kind of flood. They are caused by sudden heavy rainfall or a broken dam. They happen very quickly and can catch people before they get away. Flash floods often happen in hilly countries or around dry riverbeds. In a flash flood, a completely dry riverbed can be filled in minutes.
About floods
71 floods happen A long time of heavy rains makes rainwater runoff 72 streams and rivers, and then their water level goes up seriously and brings water overflows.
The 73 side of floods The flooding provides people with a layer of wet earth to help them plant crops.
Why floods can be worse Land with few trees and little grass is less 74 to absorb water.
The most terrible kind—flash floods 75 : hilly countries and dry riverbeds. Causes: sudden heavy rainfall or a broken dam. Results: deaths and the quick filling of the riverbed.
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76． 学生在校园里参加防震演练活动是很重要的。假如你是李华，请你根据以下图文提示，给你校校刊的英语专栏写一封信，谈谈作为学生我们应该如何在地震中保护自己。
注意事项：
1. 80词左右；
2. 内容必须包括所给的全部要点，可适当发挥；
3. 不得出现真实的姓名、地名和学校名称。
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了“动物与地震预警”展开，核心探讨动物在地震来临前的异常行为及其潜在的预警价值。
1．句意：许多动物在地震来临前会做出奇怪的举动。
earthquake地震；flood洪水；lightning闪电；typhoon台风。根据“Earthquakes can kill people ...”可知，地震会造成人员伤亡。故选A。
2．句意：这一现象可能十分重要的。
surprising令人惊讶的；easy简单的；important重要的；interesting有趣的。根据“This is because they can sense environmental changes.”可知，动物能感知环境变化并做出奇怪举动，动物可能挽救生命。故选C。
3．句意：地震会造成人员伤亡，还会摧毁房屋。
knock敲，knock down摧毁；kick踢，kick down踢倒；keep保持，keep down抑制；kill杀死，kill down无此搭配。根据“Earthquakes can kill people and ... down houses. ”可知，地震摧毁房屋。故选A。
4．句意：有些动物在地震前会发出大量的噪音。
moves移动；noises声音，声响；voices人的声音；winds风。根据“Some animals make a lot of ... before an earthquake.”可知，有些动物在地震前会发出大量的噪音。故选B。
5．句意：平时温顺的狗会开始狂吠。
Fish鱼；Ducks鸭子；Dogs狗；Geese鹅。根据“... that are usually quiet start to bark (吠).”可知，平时温顺的狗会开始狂吠。故选C。
6．句意：老鼠会离开它们的洞逃走。
pools水池；caves大型洞穴；holes洞穴，地洞；forests森林。根据“Mice leave their ... and run away.”可知，老鼠会离开它们的洞逃走。故选C。
7．句意：令人意外的是，奶牛产的牛奶也会减少。
eggs鸡蛋；wastewater废水；milk牛奶；mud泥土。根据“cows give less ...”可知，奶牛产的牛奶。故选C。
8．句意：这件事在地震发生前仅几小时。
hurt伤害；hit撞击；happened事件发生；held举办。根据“That ... only a few hours before an earthquake.”可知，这件事在地震发生前仅几小时。故选C。
9．句意：在旧金山，一名男子养了些小型宠物青蛙。
cats猫；frogs青蛙；foxes狐狸；pigs猪。根据“the frogs ... around him more than ever and croaked (呱呱地叫).”可知，青蛙呱呱叫，可知宠物是青蛙。故选B。
10．句意：某个周日，这些青蛙比以往更频繁地在他身边跑跑跳跳，还大声地地呱呱叫。
swam游泳；jogged慢跑；ran奔跑；jumped跳跃。根据“the frogs ... around him ”可知，这些青蛙跑跑跳跳。故选D。
11．句意：某个周日，这些青蛙比以往更频繁地在他身边跑跑跳跳，还大声地地呱呱叫。
highly高度地；beautifully优美地；slowly缓慢地；loudly大声地。根据“the frogs ... around him more than ever and croaked (呱呱地叫)”可知，青蛙大声地呱呱叫。故选D。
12．句意：人们想知道什么时候地震会来临。
why为什么；when什么时候；where在哪里；what什么。根据“People want to know ... an earthquake is coming.”可知，人们想知道什么时候地震会来临。故选B。
13．句意：这样他们就能安全地撤离。
hard艰难地；loudly大声地；safely安全地；carefully仔细地。根据“they can get away ...”可知，他们就能安全地撤离，保障安全。故选C。
14．句意：目前，还没有确切的方法能提前知道地震。
know知道、知晓；understand理解；find找到；hear听到。根据“there is no sure way to ... ahead of time.”可知，还没有确切的方法能提前知道地震。故选A。
15．句意：或许最好的办法之一就是观察动物。
food食物；people人们；animals动物；buildings建筑物。根据“Maybe one of the best ideas is watching the ...”可知，最好的办法之一就是观察动物。故选C。
16．B 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．A
【导语】本文讲述了美国青少年Natalie Doan在飓风桑迪袭击她的家乡后，通过创建网站帮助社区重建的故事。
16．细节理解题。根据“The next day, Natalie and her family found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，Natalie发现她的社区被摧毁了。故选B。
17．词句猜测题。根据“Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes”（Natalie的许多朋友失去了家园）可推知，“in ruins”意为“成为一片废墟”，即一团糟。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据“She created a website page, matching people in need with people who wanted to offer help.”可知，Natalie通过建立一个信息共享网站来帮助有需要的人。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据“To help others rebuild, teenagers climbed stairs to send water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high buildings. Natalie was deeply moved by all these things and decided to do something.”（为了帮助其他人重建，青少年们爬楼梯为被困在停电的高楼中的老年人送水和食物。Natalie被所有这些事情深深打动，决定做点什么。）可推知，帮助Rockaway重建的人们最激励Natalie。故选A。
20．标题归纳题。本文讲述了Natalie通过自己的努力帮助社区重建，体现了小人物也能产生大影响。用“Little people can make a big difference”做标题最合适。故选A。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震来临时我们应该怎么做。
21．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Contact family or friends to tell them where you are.”可知，联系家人或朋友并告知他们自己的位置，由此可推测“contact”意为“联络”。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Drop to the floor and protect your head and neck with your arms.”可知，我们应该蹲到地板上，用手臂保护头部和颈部。故选C。
23．篇章结构题。根据文章内容，第一段总述地震可能随时发生，我们需要知道应对方法，后续内容将提供帮助；第二、三、四段分别从“准备个人地震包”、“蹲下、躲避、抓紧并联络”和“禁止做的事”三个方面分述地震中的安全措施，整体结构为“总——分”。故选A。
24．最佳标题题。根据第一段“It’s best for us to know what to do, where to go for safety and who to contact during an earthquake. The following information will help you.”及后文对地震中安全措施的介绍可知，文章主要讲述地震期间如何保证安全。故选D。
25．推理判断题。文章围绕地震发生时的安全准备、应对方法和禁忌展开，内容具有指导安全的性质；据此可以推断，我们可能在安全指南中读到这篇文章。故选A。
26．A 27．C 28．B 29．B 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地震的发生频率、原因以及在地震发生时如何进行自我保护的相关知识。
26．细节理解题。根据“Every thirty seconds, there is an earthquake in the world.”可知，世界上每三十秒就发生一次地震。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake.”可知，当地球表面的两块移动时，就会发生地震。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据“If you are inside: Quickly move under a desk or along a wall.”可知，在室内发生地震时，应该迅速移动到桌子下面或沿着墙边。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据“If you are outside: Don’t stay near tall buildings and trees.”可知，在室外发生地震时，不要待在高楼和树木附近。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。根据“Do you know how to protect yourself during an earthquake Here are some ways. You should remember them.”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了在地震发生时应该如何保护自己。故选D。
31．D 32．E 33．A 34．F 35．G
【导语】本文介绍了中国学校安全教育的主要内容，包括踩踏、地震和火灾的应对方法。
31．根据“Stampedes (蜂拥), earthquakes and fires are the main topics at school.”可知，此处应是一个问句，询问学校安全教育的主要主题是什么，D项“学校的主要主题是什么？”符合语境。故选D。
32．根据“When students around you begin to push (推), just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around.”可知，本段围绕“踩踏事故”展开，所以此处内容与“踩踏事故”有关，E项“蜂拥总是发生在人多的地方。”符合语境。故选E。
33．根据“When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk quickly.”可知，此处介绍地震发生时钻到桌子底下的原因，A项“它会保护你不被落下的东西砸到。”符合语境。故选A。
34．根据“You had better put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke.”可知，此处介绍发生火灾时的做法，F项“当发生火灾时，迅速离开教室。”符合语境。故选F。
35．根据“In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke.”和“That’s very dangerous!”可知，此处介绍不能吸入烟雾的原因，G项“烟雾会让你咳嗽，无法呼吸。”符合语境。故选G。
36．developing
【解析】句意：巴西是一个发展中国家，但它仍然有巨大的潜力。develop“发展”，是动词，此处需要用形容词修饰名词country，根据常识可知，巴西是一个发展中国家，developing表示“发展中的”。故填developing。
37．warning
【解析】句意：雾蒙蒙的天空是严重空气污染的警示。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词sign，应用warning，warning sign“警示”。故 填warning。
38．changes
【解析】句意：你学到的一切都会成为你的一部分，并改变你。根据“Everything you learn becomes a part of you and...you.”及提示词可知此处表示“改变”，Everything不定代词，作主语时视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且and连接两个并列的谓语动词，becomes和空格处的动词应保持一致，需要用第三人称单数形式，由becomes可知时态为一般现在时。故填changes。
39．service
【解析】句意：这家电影院有最大的屏幕，但它的服务最差。“the worst”是“bad”的最高级形式，意思是“最差的”，后面需要用名词来表示“服务”这一概念，作句子的宾语；“serve”是动词，意为“服务”，其名词形式是“service”。故填service。
40．crowded
【解析】句意：这家餐厅总是很拥挤。这里的食物一定很美味。“crowd”是动词，意为“拥挤”，此处需要形容词作表语，“crowded”是“crowd”的形容词形式，意为“拥挤的”，在句中作表语，用于描述餐厅的状态。故填crowded。
41．scared
【解析】句意：当他听到窗外奇怪的声音时，他感到恐惧。此处需填入形容词作表语，描述主语“He”的状态；根据中文提示“恐惧”，scared符合语境。故填scared。
42．danger
【解析】句意：扑灭火后，南京照相馆的历史照片终于脱离了危险。danger“危险”，out of danger“脱离危险”，是固定搭配。故填danger。
43．straight
【解析】句意：他的牙齿非常直，这使他笑起来很完美。根据汉语提示可知，straight“笔直的”，形容词作表语。故填straight。
44．uncomfortable
【解析】句意：这把椅子很硬，我感到很不舒服。根据“The chair is very hard”和所给汉语提示可知，椅子很硬，所以感到不舒服，uncomfortable“不舒服的”。故填uncomfortable。
45．lost
【解析】句意：人们在森林里很容易迷路。lost“丢失”，get lost“迷路”，固定短语，故填lost。
46．relate to
【解析】中英文对照，缺少“与……有关”的英文表达；relate to“与……有关”；时态为一般现在时，主语是“They”，谓语动词用原形。故填relate；to。
47．turns into
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，“秋去冬来”也就是“随着秋季转变为冬季”，空处应用短语turn into表示“转变成”，英文句子是as引导的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时，从句的主语fall为第三人称单数，所以动词turn要变成turns。故填turns；into。
48．Above all
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“最重要的是”的英文表达，其英文表达为“above all”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Above；all。
49．ran out
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“从……跑出”，run out of...“从……跑出”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填ran；out。
50．decided to
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“决定”，decide to do sth“决定做某事”，此处时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填decided；to。
51．dangerous 52．ways 53．If 54．than 55．your 56．away 57．jump 58．stops 59．be 60．help
【导语】本文主要讲述了地震发生时如何保护自己的安全措施，包括室内和室外的应对方法，并强调了保持冷静的重要性。
51．句意：当它们发生在城市时，它们是非常危险的。根据备选词汇和“When they happen in cities, they are very...”可知，当地震发生在城市时，非常危险。形容词dangerous“危险的”符合语境。故填dangerous。
52．句意：这里有一些在地震中保护自己的好方法。根据“Sitting close to a wall...go to an open area away from trees or buildings...”可知，下文讲述了一些在地震中保护自己的方法。名词way“方法”符合语境，some后接可数名词的复数形式。故填ways。
53．句意：如果你在房子里，最安全的地方是结实的桌子或书桌下面。根据“you are inside the house, the safest place is under the strong table or desk.”可知，前句是后句的条件，结合备选词汇可知，此处应用连词if“如果”引导此条件状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填If。
54．句意：靠近墙壁坐着比站在房间中央更安全。“safer”是形容词比较级，所以空处应填than“比”，用于连接比较对象。故填than。
55．句意：记得用你的胳膊护住你的头和脖子。根据“Remember to protect...head and neck with your arms.”可知，此处表示用你的胳膊护住你的头和脖子。形容词性物主代词your“你的”符合语境。故填your。
56．句意：远离窗户、沉重家具和画。stay away from“远离”。故填away。
57．句意：不要试图从高楼跳下。根据备选词汇和“Do not try to...out of high buildings.”可知，此处表示不要试图从高楼跳下。动词jump“跳”符合语境，空前的“to”是动词不定式符号，其后接动词原形。故填jump。
58．句意：地震停止时，危险还没有结束。根据备选词汇和“There will be some aftershocks (余震).”可推知，此处表示地震停止时，危险还没有结束。动词stop“停止”符合语境，此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“the earthquake”表示单数，所以空处应填stop的第三人称单数形式。故填stops。
59．句意：有时候它们可能更危险。根据“they can...more dangerous”可知，空处缺少系动词与形容词“dangerous”构成系表结构，结合备选词汇可知，系动词be符合语境，can后接动词原形。故填be。
60．句意：他们中的一些人可能需要帮助。根据备选词汇和“check the people near you”可推知，此处表示有些人可能需要帮助。不可数名词help“帮助”符合语境。故填help。
61．clouds 62．The 63．of 64．were 65．heavily 66．fell 67．rising 68．broken 69．to clean 70．but
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了暴风雨来临时，Ben一家和邻居们如何共同应对灾难，以及暴风雨过后大家齐心协力清理家园的故事。
61．句意：黑色的云使天空变得非常黑暗。根据“were”可知，此处需要名词复数形式表示“云”。故填clouds。
62．句意：电视新闻报道称，该地区正在遭遇一场强暴雨。根据“news on TV reported”可知，此处特指电视上播放的新闻，需用定冠词。故填The。
63．句意：Ben的爸爸正在用木条封住窗户，而妈妈正在确认手电筒和收音机是否正常工作。pieces of是固定搭配，这里表示所属关系。故填of。
64．句意：Ben的爸爸正在用木条封住窗户，而妈妈正在确认手电筒和收音机是否正常工作。根据上文“was putting”可知，主语是复数，动作发生在过去，be动词需用were。故填were。
65．句意：Ben正在帮妈妈做晚饭，这时大雨开始打在窗户上。修饰动词beat需用副词形式。故填heavily。
66．句意：凌晨3点左右，风渐渐小了，他终于睡着了。根据“when the wind was dying down”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填fell。
67．句意：当他醒来时，太阳正在升起。根据“the sun was…”可知，此处为过去进行时，动词需用现在分词。故填rising。
68．句意：到处都是倒下的树木、破碎的窗户和垃圾。根据“windows and rubbish”可知，修饰名词windows需用形容词broken。故填broken。
69．句意：他们和邻居们一起尽力把社区打扫干净。try one’s best to do为固定搭配，表示“尽某人最大的努力做”。故填to clean。
70．句意：暴风雨摧毁了许多东西，但它让家人和邻居们更紧密地团结在一起。根据“broke many things apart…it brought families closer”可知，前后为转折关系。故填but。
71．How 72．enter 73．good 74．able 75．Places
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了洪水的发生原因、洪水并非全是负面影响、洪水加剧的原因以及最危险的山洪及其相关情况。
71．根据“Most often flooding is caused by heavy rains over a long time. ... Because of the extra water flowing into the streams and rivers, their water level (水位) rises. If the level rises so much that the water overflows the banks, a flood happens.”可知，该部分主要讲述了洪水是如何发生的，how“如何”，表方式，符合语境，首字母大写。故填How。
72．根据“After a lot of rain, the ground becomes full of water, and new rainwater runs off or flows downhill. That runoff goes directly into streams and rivers.”可知，暴雨产生的径流会流入小溪和河流，因此空格处需表示“进入或流入”，enter“进入”符合语境，make sb/sth do sth“使某人/物做某事”，因此用动词原形。故填enter。
73．根据“However, floods are not always bad. When muddy floodwaters go down, they sometimes leave a layer (层) of wet earth. People in ancient Egypt depended on the flooding of the Nile River every year to help them grow their crops, like rice and corn.”可知，本段主要讲述了洪水好的方面，good side“好的一面”，符合语境。故填good。
74．根据“In general, land with little vegetation has fewer abilities to absorb (吸收) water.”可知，植被少的土地吸收水分的能力较差，“has fewer abilities”表示“有更少的能力”，be able to“能够”，固定短语，be less able to do sth意为“更没能力做某事”，与原文表达的含义一致。故填able。
75．根据“Flash floods often happen in hilly countries or around dry riverbeds.”可知，此处列举的是暴洪发生的地点，place“地方”符合语境，此处指多个地点，需用复数形式places，首字母大写。故填Places。
76．例文
Dear editor,
It’s crucial for students to take part in earthquake-prevention drills at school. As students, we should know how to protect ourselves during an earthquake.
If we are in the classroom, we should stay under the desks and avoid running out in a panic. When we are on the playground, we should get away from buildings and trees. What’s more, we shouldn’t stand near tall objects.
Earthquake drills help us stay safe. We should take them seriously.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】［总体分析］
①题材：本文是一篇书信写作；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：文章写作需要围绕“学生参与学校防震演练”展开，涵盖演练的重要性、不同场景的地震避险方法及对演练的态度，考生应注意符合书信格式，适当补充避险细节，避免遗漏题干中的要点。
［写作步骤］
第一步，表明写作意图。开门见山提出“学生参与学校防震演练至关重要”的观点，并说明学生需掌握地震中的自我保护方法；
第二步，具体阐述建议。分别说明教室场景和操场场景的地震避险方法；
第三步，书写结语。强调防震演练对安全的作用，呼吁认真对待演练。
［亮点词汇］
①earthquake-prevention drills防震演练
②protect ourselves自我保护
③in a panic恐慌地
④get away from远离
⑤take...seriously认真对待……
［高分句型］
①It’s crucial for students to take part in earthquake-prevention drills at school.（it的固定句型，it作形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式）
②If we are in the classroom, we should stay under the desks and avoid running out in a panic.（if引导的条件状语从句）
③When we are on the playground, we should get away from buildings and trees.（when引导的时间状语从句）
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