资源简介

(共20张PPT)
独立主格结构
一、Definition
独立主格结构是一个由“名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语等”构成的特殊结构
它在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况
独立：它拥有自己的逻辑主语（即结构开头的名词或代词），这个主语与句子的主语不同。因此，它在结构上不依附于主句的主语，是“独立”的
主格：这个逻辑主语采用的是主格形式（如果是代词，则用I，he，she，they等主格，而不用me，him，her，th等宾格）
独立主格=自带主语的状语
eg: The ceremony over, we went home directly.
eg: He being absent, the meeting had to be postponed.
名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语
二、基本结构
1、名词/代词+现在分词（-ing），表示主动或动作正在进行
eg：Weather permitting, we will go hiking tomorrow.
eg: Time allowing, I wil finish the report today.
2、名词/代词+过去分词（-ed），表示被动或完成的时态
eg: The work finished, we went home.
eg: His leg badly hurt, he had to be carried to the hospital.
3、名词/代词+不定式（to do），表将来或目的
eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
4、名词/代词+形容词，描述主语的状态
eg: He entered the room, his face pale with fear.
eg: The floor wet and slippery, we had to walk carefully.
5、名词/代词+副词
eg: The meeting over, everyone left.
eg: Lights off, he went to sleep.
6、名词/代词+介词短语，提供背景或伴随信息
eg: The teacher came in, a book in his hand.
eg: The children ran out of the classroom, laughter on their faces.
三、独立主格结构的功能：作状语，时间、原因、条件、伴随
时间：The homework done, the students played video games.
原因：The rain having ruined her hat, she had to buy a new one.
条件：Weather permitting, the picnic will be held as scheduled.
伴随：She sat at the desk, her eyes fixed on the letter.
四、独立主格结构 vs 状语从句
eg: After the work was finished, we went home.
eg: The work finished, we went home.
独立主格结构省略了连接词（after）和谓语动词（was），只保留了逻辑主语和表示状态的核心成分，使表达更简洁、生动、书面化。
五、with 的复合结构（with 的独立主格结构）
基本形式：with+宾语+宾语补足语
作状语，表示伴随、时间、原因、条件、方式等
with+宾语+非谓语/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词
1、with+宾语+现在分词（-ing）
宾语是动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生
eg：With the guide leading the way, we found the village easily.
eg: I can’t concentrate with you watching me like that.
2、with+宾语+过去分词（-ed）
表示宾语是动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成或表示被动关系
eg: With the work finished, we all felt relieved.
eg: He stood there, with his hands tied behind his back.
3、with+宾语+动词不定式（to do）
表示即将发生的动作，有“待完成”的含义
eg：With so much work to do, I can’t go on holiday.
eg: He is the right person with whom to discuss the matter.
4、with+宾语+形容词, 形容词作宾补，表示宾语的状态
eg：He slept well, with the window open.
eg: Don’t talk with your mouth full.
5、with+宾语+副词,副词作宾补，表示状态
eg: The boy stood there, with his head down.
eg: With all the lights on, the hall was as bright as day.
6、with+宾语+介词短语, 表示宾语所处的状态或位置
eg：The old man sat in the chair, with a smile on his face.
eg: She walked into the room, with a bag in her hand.
7、with+宾语+名词, 名词作宾语，说明宾语的身份或状态
eg：He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
eg: She works in the city with teaching her only job.
with 复合结构的否定形式，with→without（without+宾语+宾补）
eg：Without anyone noticing, he slipped out of the room.
位置灵活，可以放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
eg： With the exam approaching, I feel nervous.
eg: The city looks more beautiful, with all the lights on.
与独立主格的区别: with 复合结构前面有“with”，而独立主格结构没有。两者功能相似，但with 复合结构在口语和非正式文体中更常见。
独立主格：The meeting being over, everyone left.
with 复合结构：With the meeting over, everyone left.
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