资源简介

● 单元语法精讲 ●
动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. 基本构成与常用动词
动词不定式可以在句中作宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明，构成“动词 + 宾语 + (not)
to do sth.”的结构。常用带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：want, ask, tell, order, get,
wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg 等。
The teacher told us to read the text. 老师告诉我们读课文。
He asked me not to tell you the news. 他让我不要告诉你这个消息。
2. 省略 to 的情况
在使役动词（如 make, let, have）和感官动词（如 feel, hear, see, watch, notice）后，作
宾语补足语的动词不定式需要省略 to。口诀助记：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三
让（make, let, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、半帮助（help——后可带 to 也可
不带 to，即 help sb. (to) do sth.）。
I made him do his work. 我让他做他的工作。
I often hear her sing in the next room. 我经常听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。
【特别注意】 当上述句子变为被动语态时，之前省略的 to 必须还原。
He was made to do his work (by me). （被动语态）
She is often heard to sing in the next room. （被动语态）
动词不定式作目的状语
1. 基本用法
动词不定式可以在句中作目的状语，用来表示行为动作的目的，意为“为了……”。
The WWF is working hard to save all the animals. 世界自然基金会正在努力挽救所有
的动物。
She practises every day to improve her singing skills. 她每天都在练习，以提高自己的
歌唱技巧。
2. 位置与强调
目的状语的位置灵活，既可以放在句尾，也可以为了强调目的而放在句首。放在句首时，
常用逗号与主句隔开。
Li Lei trained hard to improve his basketball skills.
也可以说：To improve his basketball skills, Li Lei trained hard.
为了提高篮球技术，李磊刻苦训练。
3. 同义表达
为了更明确地表达目的，可以使用 in order to do sth. 或 so as to do sth. 来替代简单的
to do sth.。
He's saving money in order to buy a new computer. 为了买一台新电脑，他正在攒钱。
Linda started work early so as to finish it by five. 琳达很早就开始工作，以便在五点前
完成。
【细微区别】 in order to 引导的目的状语可置于句首或句尾，而 so as to 通常不用于句首。
●动词不定式作宾补和目的状语 语法精练●
习题一：用动词的适当形式填空
1. The teacher asked the students ______ (not talk) in class.
2. My parents want me ______ (be) a doctor in the future.
3. I saw him ______ (cross) the street just now.
4. She told me ______ (wait) for her at the gate.
5. The mother made her son ______ (clean) his room.
6. We often hear her ______ (sing) in the next room.
7. He invited me ______ (join) their party.
8. The policeman told the children ______ (not play) on the road.
9. I helped my mother ______ (cook) dinner yesterday.
10. They encouraged us ______ (try) our best.
习题二：单项选择
( ) 1. Mr. Smith told John ______ the window.
A. close B. to close C. closing
( ) 2. I often watch them ______ basketball on the playground.
A. play B. to play C. playing
( ) 3. The doctor advised my father ______ smoking.
A. give up B. to give up C. giving up
( ) 4. Let me ______ you with your luggage.
A. help B. to help C. helping
( ) 5. She wants ______ a new computer.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying
( ) 6. We were made ______ for two hours.
A. wait B. to wait C. waiting
( ) 7. The teacher allowed us ______ a dictionary in the exam.
A. use B. to use C. using
( ) 8. I heard someone ______ your name outside.
A. call B. to call C. calling
( ) 9. He came early ______ get a good seat.
A. so that B. in order to C. for
( ) 10. My mother asked me ______ back before 10 pm.
A. come B. to come C. coming
习题三：改写句子（保持句意不变）
1. "Please open the window," the teacher said to us.
→ The teacher told us ______ the window.
2. He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him.
→ He spoke loudly ______ everyone hear him.
3. "Don't be late again," the manager said to him.
→ The manager told him ______ late again.
4. I will go to the library. I want to borrow some books.
→ I will go to the library ______ some books.
5. She got up early because she wanted to catch the first bus.
→ She got up early ______ the first bus.
6. "Can you help me with this box " he said to me.
→ He asked me ______ him with that box.
7. We should work hard. Then we can pass the exam.
→ We should work hard ______ the exam.
8. The boss forced the workers to work 12 hours a day.
→ The workers were made ______ 12 hours a day.
9. "You should take more exercise," the doctor said to me.
→ The doctor advised me ______ more exercise.
10. She studied hard because she wanted to get a scholarship.
→ She studied hard ______ a scholarship.
习题四：改正句中的错误
1. My mother made me to finish my homework.
2. I want you coming here at once.
3. They were seen play football in the park.
4. He came here for improve his Chinese.
5. The teacher told the students don't make noise.
6. I heard her to sing in the music room.
7. Let him to go home now.
8. She was made work overtime.
9. We want that you help us.
10. He got up early so that to catch the train.
习题五：判断不定式在句中的功能（A. 宾补 B. 目的状语） ( ) 1. I want you to come with me.
( ) 2. She studies hard to enter a good university.
( ) 3. The policeman told the driver to show his license.
( ) 4. He saved money to buy a new car.
( ) 5. I saw them enter the building.
( ) 6. We exercise every day to keep healthy.
( ) 7. The teacher asked the students to be quiet.
( ) 8. She went to the supermarket to buy some food.
( ) 9. My parents encouraged me to try again.
( ) 10. He turned on the light to see better.
习题六：用 in order to 或 so as to 连接句子
1. He is working hard. He wants to pass the exam.
→ ______
2. She spoke slowly. She wanted everyone to understand.
→ ______
3. We left early. We wanted to avoid the traffic jam.
→ ______
4. I'm learning English. I want to study abroad.
→ ______
5. They built a new school. They wanted to help the poor children.
→ ______
6. He gave up smoking. He wanted to improve his health.
→ ______
7. She took a taxi. She wanted to arrive on time.
→ ______
8. We planted more trees. We wanted to make our city greener.
→ ______
9. I turned off my phone. I didn't want to be disturbed.
→ ______
10. They started the project early. They wanted to finish it on time.
→ ______
答案
习题一：
1. not to talk
2. to be
3. cross
4. to wait
5. clean
6. sing
7. to join
8. not to play
9. (to) cook
10. to try
习题二：
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B
6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. B
习题三：
1. to open
2. to make
3. not to be
4. to borrow
5. to catch
6. to help
7. to pass
8. to work
9. to take
10. to get
习题四：
1. to finish → finish
2. coming → to come
3. play → to play
4. for improve → to improve
5. don't make → not to make
6. to sing → sing
7. to go → go
8. work → to work
9. that you help us → you to help us
10. so that to → so as to
习题五：
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A
6. B 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B
习题六：
1. He is working hard in order to/so as to pass the exam.
2. She spoke slowly in order to/so as to make everyone understand.
3. We left early in order to/so as to avoid the traffic jam.
4. I'm learning English in order to/so as to study abroad.
5. They built a new school in order to/so as to help the poor children.
6. He gave up smoking in order to/so as to improve his health.
7. She took a taxi in order to/so as to arrive on time.
8. We planted more trees in order to/so as to make our city greener.
9. I turned off my phone in order not to/so as not to be disturbed.
10. They started the project early in order to/so as to finish it on time.

展开更多......

收起↑