资源简介

(共39张PPT)
Unit 5 Play by the rules
八年级
外研版2024
上
单词解析二
1.throat (名词)喉咙、咽喉
Eg:The doctor examined her throat with a tongue depressor.
医生用压舌板检查了她的喉咙。
[常见搭配] clear one's throat清喉咙
ram sth. down one's throat强迫某人接收某事
have a sore throat嗓子疼
Eg: He cleared his throat before speaking.
他清了清嗓子才开始说话。
He rammed his opinion down my throat.
他强迫我接受他的观点。
I have a sore throat today.
我今天嗓子疼。
[即学即用]
他清了清嗓子开始说话。
He _______ ______ _______ before speaking.
cleared his throat
2.responsibility (名词)责任
[用法讲解]responsibility常为可数名词，其复数形式为responsibilities;但responsibility在表示抽象责任概念，如道德、社会或法律层面的总体义务时为不可数名词。
Eg: Her responsibilities include managing the team and overseeing projects.
她的职责包括管理团队和监督项目。
Success comes with great responsibility.
成功伴随重大责任。
[常见搭配]take responsibility (for)... 主动承担责任
social responsibility社会责任
sense of responsibility责任感
Eg: He took responsibility for the mistake.
他主动承担了错误的责任。
Companies shouldhave social responsibility.
企业应有社会责任感。
She shows a strong sense of responsibility.
她表现出强烈的责任感。
[派生词] responsible为形容词，译为“有责任的、可靠的”。
Eg: Parents should be responsible for their children's behavior.
父母应该对孩子的行为负责。
[即学即用]
It is the teacher's_____________(responsible) to ensure that all students understand the lesson.
responsibility
3.cause (名词)原因、起因
[用法讲解] cause作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为causes，还可译为“原告、事业”;cause还可为动词，译为“引起、导致、使遭受”。
Eg: The cause of the accident is still unknown.
事故的原因仍然不明。
The plaintiff is the cause in a civil lawsuit.
在民事诉讼中，原告是诉因方。
She devoted her life to the causeof education.
她把自己的一生奉献给了教育事业。
Smoking can cause many health problems.
吸烟会导致许多健康问题。
The war caused great suffering to the people.
战争给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。
[常见搭配]root cause根本原因
main cause主要原因
cause sb. sth.给某人带来某种影响
cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
in the cause of ...为了...的目的
Eg: Identifying the root cause is crucial for solving the problem.
找出根本原因对解决问题至关重要。
Pollution is a major cause of climate change.
污染是气候变化的主要原因。
The news caused her great joy.
这个消息让她非常高兴。
His speech caused the audience to applaud.
他的演讲使观众鼓掌。
They fought in the cause of freedom.
他们为了自由的目的而战。
[即学即用]
The c________ of the fire was a faulty electrical wire.
ause
4.belt (名词)腰带、皮带
[用法讲解]belt为可数名词，其复数形式为belts; belt还可为动词，译为“用腰带系紧、猛击、快速移动”。
Eg: He wore a black leather belt with his jeans.
他穿牛仔裤时配了一条黑色皮腰带。
She belted her coat tightly before going out.
他出门前把外套腰带系紧。
The boxer belted his opponent with a powerful punch.
拳击手一记击中对手。
The car belted down the highway at 120 mph.
汽车以120英里时速在高速公路上飞驰。
[常见搭配]seat belt安全带
belt out高声歌唱
tighten one's belt节省开支
below the belt不公正手段
have sth. under one's belt已掌握/经历
Eg: Always wear your seat belt while driving.
驾驶时务必系好安全带。
The singer belted out a classic ballad.
歌手高唱经典情歌。
We need to tighten our belts this month.
这个月得勒紧裤腰带。
Criticizing her age was below the belt.
批评她得年龄有失公允。
She has three years of teaching under her belt.
她已有三年教学经验。
[即学即用]
为了您的安全，请系好安全带。
Please wear a _______ ______ for your safety.
seat belt
5.station (名词)车站
[用法讲解]station为可数名词，其复数形式为stations;station还可为动词，译为“驻扎、安置”。
Eg: Which station should I get off for the museum
去博物馆该在哪一站下车
Soldiers were stationed at the border to maintain security.
士兵被派驻边境维护安全。
The company stationed its engineers in different cities.
公司把工程师派驻到不同城市。
[常见搭配] train/ bus station火车/公交车站
radio/ TV station广播电台/电视台
police station警察局
be stationed in/ at ...被派驻于
Eg: The train station is crowded during rush hour.
高峰时段火车站很拥挤。
She works at a local TV station.
她在当地电视台工作。
The police station is located downtown.
警察局位于市中心。
He was stationed in Germany during his service.
他服役期间被派驻德国。
[即学即用]
I'll meet you at the trains________ tomorrow.
station
6.flowerpot (名词)花盆
[用法讲解] flowerpot为可数名词，其复数形式为flowerpots.
Eg: The old flowerpot in the corner was full of soil but no flowers.
角落里那个旧花盆装满了土，但没有花。
[即学即用]
The designer used colorful_________(flowerpot) to brighten up the room.
flowerpots
7.pick up 捡起
[用法讲解] pick up还可译为“搭乘、学会、购买、接电话、接收”等
注意:当宾语为代词时，需位于二者之间。
Eg: Please pick up your toys.
请把你的玩具捡起来。
I'll pick you up at 8:00.
我将在8点接你。
She picked up Spanish while living in Mexico.
她在墨西哥生活时学会了西班牙语。
I picked up a few things at the store.
我在商店买了一些东西。
I'll pick up the phone.
我会接电话。
The radio can pick up stations from all over the world.
这台收音机能接收来自世界各地的电台。
[即学即用]
公共汽车在三站载送通勤者。
The bus _______ _______ commuters at three stops.
picks up
8.mess (名词)脏乱、凌乱
[用法讲解] mess还可为动词，译为“弄乱、干涉”。
Eg: The room was a mess after the party.
聚会后，房间一片狼藉。
Don't mess up the documents on my desk.
别把我桌子上的文件弄乱了。
You'd better not mess in the affairs of others.
你最好不要干涉他人的事情。
[常见搭配] in a mess 处于混乱之中
make a mess of ...把...弄得一团糟
clean up a mess把东西清理干净
Eg: The local economy is now in a mess.
当地的经济现在很混乱。
She made a mess of the presentation by forgetting her notes.
她忘了带笔记，把演讲搞得一团糟。
It took hours to clean up the mess left by the storm.
花了几个消失把风暴留下的狼藉收拾干净。
[即学即用]
不要把办公室弄得很乱。
Don't leave the office ______ ______ ______.
in a mess
9.honesty (名词)诚实、正直、坦诚
[用法讲解]honesty为不可数名词。
Eg: His honesty won him the respect of his colleagues.
他的诚实赢得了同事们的尊重。
[常见搭配]in all honesty老实说
a sense of honesty诚实感
Eg: In all honesty, I don't think I can finish the work on time.
老实说，我觉得我无法按时完成这项工作。
Children should be taught to have a sense of honesty from an early age.
应该从小教育孩子要有诚实感。
[派生词]honest为形容词，译为“诚实的”;
dishonest为形容词，译为“不诚实的”。
注意:honest中的h不发音，常与不定冠词an连用。
Eg: He is an honest man. = The man is honest.
他是一个诚实的人。
He thinks you are dishonest.
他觉得你不够诚实。
[即学即用]
1.老实说，我认为这个计划行不通。
______ _______ _______, I don't think this plan will work.
2.His _________ (honest) is not in question.
In all honesty
honesty
10.spread (动词)传播
[用法讲解]spread作动词还可译为“展开、涂”;spread还可作名词，译为“传播、蔓延”。
Eg: The news of his success spread quickly through the town.
他成功的消息很快在镇上传开了。
She spread the blanket on the grass and lay down.
她把毯子铺在草地上，然后躺了下来。
He spread some butter on the toast.
他在烤面包上涂了些黄油。
The spread of the virus is a serious problem.
病毒的传播是一个严重的问题。
[常见搭配]spread oneself too thin精力过度分散
Eg: Managing three startups spread him too thin.
同时经营三家初创公司让他分身乏术。
[即学即用]
Rumors(谣言)s________through social media.
pread
11.law (名词) 法则、法令
[用法讲解]law为名词，译为“法律”;law在表示“法律、法学”时为不可数名词、在表示“法律条文”时为可数名词。
Eg: The new law has received the royal assent.
新的法规已得到国王批准。
He studies law.他研究法学。
Do you know the laws of the game
你知道这项比赛的规则吗
A new law on environmental protection
一项新的环境保护法
[常见搭配]by law依法、根据法律
break the law违法
enforce the law执法
follow the law遵守法律
the rule of law法治
Eg: The decision was made by law.
这个决定是依法作出的。
He was arrested for breaking the law.
他因违法而被逮捕。
The police are responsible for enforcing the law.
警察负责执法。
We must follow the law and be strict in performing our official duties.
坚持依法行政、从严治政。
We promote the rule of law and protect human dignity.
我们倡导法治，保护人类尊严。
[派生词]lawyer为可数名词，其复数形式为 lawyers，译为“律师”。
Eg: A good lawyer can always find a loophole.
精明的律师总能找到漏洞。
[常见搭配]act as lawyer for sb.给某人当律师
Eg: Peter acts as lawyer for Lily.
皮特给莉莉当律师。
[即学即用]
1.You need the services of a good _________(law).
2.The new________(法律) has received royal assent.
lawyer
law
12.urgent (形容词)紧急的、急迫的
[用法讲解]urgent在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: This is an urgent matter that requires immediate attention.
这是紧急事项，需立即处理。
The situation is urgent and requires swift action.
情况紧急，需迅速采取行动。
[常见搭配] It is urgent that... ...是紧急的
urgent request紧急请求
urgent about ...对...感到紧急
Eg: It is urgent that he (should) contact the office immediately.
他必须立即联系办公室，情况紧急。
She made an urgent request for help.
她紧急请求帮助。
She is urgent about finding a solution.
她对找到解决方案感到迫切。
[即学即用]
I have an u________ appointment at 2 PM.
rgent
13.citizen(名词)市民、公民、城镇居民
[用法讲解]citizen为可数名词，其复数形式为citizens.
Eg: She became a U.S. citizen last year.
她去年成为美国公民。
[常见搭配] citizen rights/ citizen's rights公民权利
ordinary citizen普通公民
net citizen网民
Eg:The constitution protects citizen rights.
宪法保护公民权力。
The policy aims to protect the rights of ordinary citizens.
该政策旨在保护普通公民的权力。
Net citizens are increasingly concerned about online privacy.
网民越来越关注网络隐私。
[派生词]citizenship为名词，译为“公民身份”;
civil为形容词，译为“公民的”。
Eg: She applied for British citizenship last year.
她去年申请了英国身份。
Civil engineers design infrastructure projects.
土木工程师设计基础设施项目。
[即学即用]
The ________(市民) of this city enjoy free healthcare.
citizens
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Unit 5 Play by the rules 单词解析二
1.throat (名词)喉咙、咽喉
Eg:The doctor examined her throat with a tongue depressor.
医生用压舌板检查了她的喉咙。
[常见搭配] clear one's throat清喉咙
ram sth. down one's throat强迫某人接收某事
have a sore throat 嗓子疼
Eg: He cleared his throat before speaking.
他清了清嗓子才开始说话。
He rammed his opinion down my throat.
他强迫我接受他的观点。
I have a sore throat today.
我今天嗓子疼。
[即学即用]
他清了清嗓子开始说话。
He _______ ______ _______ before speaking.
答案:cleared his throat
2.responsibility (名词)责任
[用法讲解]responsibility常为可数名词，其复数形式为responsibilities;但responsibility在表示抽象责任概念，如道德、社会或法律层面的总体义务时为不可数名词。
Eg: Her responsibilities include managing the team and overseeing projects.
她的职责包括管理团队和监督项目。
Success comes with great responsibility.
成功伴随重大责任。
[常见搭配] take responsibility (for)... 主动承担责任
social responsibility 社会责任
sense of responsibility 责任感
Eg: He took responsibility for the mistake.
他主动承担了错误的责任。
Companies should have social responsibility.
企业应有社会责任感。
She shows a strong sense of responsibility.
她表现出强烈的责任感。
[派生词] responsible为形容词，译为“有责任的、可靠的”。
Eg: Parents should be responsible for their children's behavior.
父母应该对孩子的行为负责。
[即学即用]
It is the teacher's_____________(responsible) to ensure that all students understand the lesson.
答案:responsibility
3.cause (名词)原因、起因
[用法讲解] cause作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为causes，还可译为“原告、事业”;cause还可为动词，译为“引起、导致、使遭受”。
Eg: The cause of the accident is still unknown.
事故的原因仍然不明。
The plaintiff is the cause in a civil lawsuit.
在民事诉讼中，原告是诉因方。
She devoted her life to the cause of education.
她把自己的一生奉献给了教育事业。
Smoking can cause many health problems.
吸烟会导致许多健康问题。
The war caused great suffering to the people.
战争给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。
[常见搭配] root cause 根本原因
main cause 主要原因
cause sb. sth. 给某人带来某种影响
cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
in the cause of ...为了...的目的
Eg: Identifying the root cause is crucial for solving the problem.
找出根本原因对解决问题至关重要。
Pollution is a major cause of climate change.
污染是气候变化的主要原因。
The news caused her great joy.
这个消息让她非常高兴。
His speech caused the audience to applaud.
他的演讲使观众鼓掌。
They fought in the cause of freedom.
他们为了自由的目的而战。
[即学即用]
The c________ of the fire was a faulty electrical wire.
答案: cause
4.belt (名词)腰带、皮带
[用法讲解] belt为可数名词，其复数形式为 belts; belt还可为动词，译为“用腰带系紧、猛击、快速移动”。
Eg: He wore a black leather belt with his jeans.
他穿牛仔裤时配了一条黑色皮腰带。
She belted her coat tightly before going out.
他出门前把外套腰带系紧。
The boxer belted his opponent with a powerful punch.
拳击手一记击中对手。
The car belted down the highway at 120 mph.
汽车以120英里时速在高速公路上飞驰。
[常见搭配] seat belt安全带
belt out 高声歌唱
tighten one's belt 节省开支
below the belt 不公正手段
have sth. under one's belt已掌握/经历
Eg: Always wear your seat belt while driving.
驾驶时务必系好安全带。
The singer belted out a classic ballad.
歌手高唱经典情歌。
We need to tighten our belts this month.
这个月得勒紧裤腰带。
Criticizing her age was below the belt.
批评她得年龄有失公允。
She has three years of teaching under her belt.
她已有三年教学经验。
[即学即用]
为了您的安全，请系好安全带。
Please wear a _______ ______ for your safety.
答案: seat belt
5.station (名词)车站
[用法讲解] station为可数名词，其复数形式为stations;station还可为动词，译为“驻扎、安置”。
Eg: Which station should I get off for the museum
去博物馆该在哪一站下车
Soldiers were stationed at the border to maintain security.
士兵被派驻边境维护安全。
The company stationed its engineers in different cities.
公司把工程师派驻到不同城市。
[常见搭配] train/ bus station火车/公交车站
radio/ TV station 广播电台/电视台
police station 警察局
be stationed in/ at ...被派驻于
Eg: The train station is crowded during rush hour.
高峰时段火车站很拥挤。
She works at a local TV station.
她在当地电视台工作。
The police station is located downtown.
警察局位于市中心。
He was stationed in Germany during his service.
他服役期间被派驻德国。
[即学即用]
I'll meet you at the trains________ tomorrow.
答案: station
6.flowerpot (名词)花盆
[用法讲解] flowerpot为可数名词，其复数形式为flowerpots.
Eg: The old flowerpot in the corner was full of soil but no flowers.
角落里那个旧花盆装满了土，但没有花。
[即学即用]
The designer used colorful_________(flowerpot) to brighten up the room.
答案:flowerpots
7.pick up 捡起
[用法讲解] pick up还可译为“搭乘、学会、购买、接电话、接收”等
注意:当宾语为代词时，需位于二者之间。
Eg: Please pick up your toys.
请把你的玩具捡起来。
I'll pick you up at 8:00.
我将在8点接你。
She picked up Spanish while living in Mexico.
她在墨西哥生活时学会了西班牙语。
I picked up a few things at the store.
我在商店买了一些东西。
I'll pick up the phone.
我会接电话。
The radio can pick up stations from all over the world.
这台收音机能接收来自世界各地的电台。
[即学即用]
公共汽车在三站载送通勤者。
The bus _______ _______ commuters at three stops.
答案:picks up
8.mess (名词)脏乱、凌乱
[用法讲解] mess还可为动词，译为“弄乱、干涉”。
Eg: The room was a mess after the party.
聚会后，房间一片狼藉。
Don't mess up the documents on my desk.
别把我桌子上的文件弄乱了。
You'd better not mess in the affairs of others.
你最好不要干涉他人的事情。
[常见搭配] in a mess 处于混乱之中
make a mess of ...把...弄得一团糟
clean up a mess 把东西清理干净
Eg: The local economy is now in a mess.
当地的经济现在很混乱。
She made a mess of the presentation by forgetting her notes.
她忘了带笔记，把演讲搞得一团糟。
It took hours to clean up the mess left by the storm.
花了几个消失把风暴留下的狼藉收拾干净。
[即学即用]
不要把办公室弄得很乱。
Don't leave the office ______ ______ ______.
答案:in a mess
9.honesty (名词)诚实、正直、坦诚
[用法讲解]honesty为不可数名词。
Eg: His honesty won him the respect of his colleagues.
他的诚实赢得了同事们的尊重。
[常见搭配] in all honesty 老实说
a sense of honesty 诚实感
Eg: In all honesty, I don't think I can finish the work on time.
老实说，我觉得我无法按时完成这项工作。
Children should be taught to have a sense of honesty from an early age.
应该从小教育孩子要有诚实感。
[派生词]honest为形容词，译为“诚实的”;
dishonest为形容词，译为“不诚实的”。
注意:honest中的h不发音，常与不定冠词an连用。
Eg: He is an honest man. = The man is honest.
他是一个诚实的人。
He thinks you are dishonest.
他觉得你不够诚实。
[即学即用]
1.老实说，我认为这个计划行不通。
______ _______ _______, I don't think this plan will work.
2.His _________ (honest) is not in question.
答案:1.In all honesty2.honesty
10.spread (动词)传播
[用法讲解] spread作动词还可译为“展开、涂”;spread还可作名词，译为“传播、蔓延”。
Eg: The news of his success spread quickly through the town.
他成功的消息很快在镇上传开了。
She spread the blanket on the grass and lay down.
她把毯子铺在草地上，然后躺了下来。
He spread some butter on the toast.
他在烤面包上涂了些黄油。
The spread of the virus is a serious problem.
病毒的传播是一个严重的问题。
[常见搭配] spread oneself too thin 精力过度分散
Eg: Managing three startups spread him too thin.
同时经营三家初创公司让他分身乏术。
[即学即用]
Rumors(谣言)s________through social media.
答案: spread
11.law (名词) 法则、法令
[用法讲解]law为名词，译为“法律”;law在表示“法律、法学”时为不可数名词、在表示“法律条文”时为可数名词。
Eg: The new law has received the royal assent.
新的法规已得到国王批准。
He studies law.他研究法学。
Do you know the laws of the game
你知道这项比赛的规则吗
A new law on environmental protection
一项新的环境保护法
[常见搭配] by law 依法、根据法律
break the law 违法
enforce the law 执法
follow the law 遵守法律
the rule of law 法治
Eg: The decision was made by law.
这个决定是依法作出的。
He was arrested for breaking the law.
他因违法而被逮捕。
The police are responsible for enforcing the law.
警察负责执法。
We must follow the law and be strict in performing our official duties.
坚持依法行政、从严治政。
We promote the rule of law and protect human dignity.
我们倡导法治，保护人类尊严。
[派生词]lawyer为可数名词，其复数形式为 lawyers，译为“律师”。
Eg: A good lawyer can always find a loophole.
精明的律师总能找到漏洞。
[常见搭配] act as lawyer for sb.给某人当律师
Eg: Peter acts as lawyer for Lily.
皮特给莉莉当律师。
[即学即用]
1.You need the services of a good _________(law).
2.The new________(法律) has received royal assent.
答案:1.lawyer 2. law
12.urgent (形容词)紧急的、急迫的
[用法讲解]urgent在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: This is an urgent matter that requires immediate attention.
这是紧急事项，需立即处理。
The situation is urgent and requires swift action.
情况紧急，需迅速采取行动。
[常见搭配] It is urgent that... ...是紧急的
urgent request 紧急请求
urgent about ...对...感到紧急
Eg: It is urgent that he (should) contact the office immediately.
他必须立即联系办公室，情况紧急。
She made an urgent request for help.
她紧急请求帮助。
She is urgent about finding a solution.
她对找到解决方案感到迫切。
[即学即用]
I have an u________ appointment at 2 PM.
答案:urgent
13.citizen(名词)市民、公民、城镇居民
[用法讲解] citizen为可数名词，其复数形式为citizens.
Eg: She became a U.S. citizen last year.
她去年成为美国公民。
[常见搭配] citizen rights/ citizen's rights公民权利
ordinary citizen 普通公民
net citizen 网民
Eg:The constitution protects citizen rights.
宪法保护公民权力。
The policy aims to protect the rights of ordinary citizens.
该政策旨在保护普通公民的权力。
Net citizens are increasingly concerned about online privacy.
网民越来越关注网络隐私。
[派生词] citizenship为名词，译为“公民身份”;
civil为形容词，译为“公民的”。
Eg: She applied for British citizenship last year.
她去年申请了英国身份。
Civil engineers design infrastructure projects.
土木工程师设计基础设施项目。
[即学即用]
The ________(市民) of this city enjoy free healthcare.
答案:citizens
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