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必修二Unit 4 History and traditions
单词
序号 单词及拓展（词形记忆） 用法、固定搭配、常用表达（用法记忆） 同义词、近义词、反义词（联想记忆）
individual[ nd v dj l]adj．单独的；个别的；n．个人 individual rights 个人权利 personal adj. 个人的；私人的
puzzle[ p zl] vt．迷惑；使困惑 =confuse v.使困惑；混淆
n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
puzzlement n.困惑，苦思 =confusion n.困惑
puzzled adj. 感到困惑的；迷惑的 =confused adj.感到困惑的；迷惑的
puzzling adj.令人困惑的，令人迷惑的 =confusing adj.令人困惑的，令人迷惑的
join…to…．[l n…tu …．]把……和……连接或联结起来 join a queue排队 connect...to…把....和...联系起来 connect…to…把....和...联系起来 link…to/with ... 把....和...联系起来 associate… with... 把....和...联系起来
joint adj.共同的，联合的 n.关节，公共场所 joint efforts 共同努力
break away from sb/sth 从...脱离；与...背叛 break in闯入 break into破门而入 break out爆发;发生 break through突破 break off(使)分离; (使)脱离；中断，折断break up分解;解体 break up with绝交 break down (机器)损坏;破坏;崩溃；消除 break-broke-broken
belong to...属于
belonging n.归属感；所有物；财产，财物　 a sense of belonging 归属感 property n.财产，所有物；特征 possession n.个人财产，所有物；拥有
....as well as...同;和=aside with... / together with... / along with... (连接主语时，谓语遵循“就远原则”) as well as doing sth./rather than doing sth. /in addition to doing sth./except for.. /besides.../apart from... 除了… 之外(相当于介词加doing)
as well 也
defend v.防御；保卫 defend sb/sh from/against doing sth. 保卫某人/物免受...
defence[d f ns]n．防御；保卫 in defence of...为了保卫... in sb's defence为某人辩护 build up a defence 筑起一道防线
defensive adj.防御的，防守的
legal[ li g l]adj．法律的；合法的 legally adv.合法地
illegal adj．不合法的；非法的 illegally adv．不合法地；非法地
surround[s ra nd]vt．围绕；包围 be surrounded by/with.....被...包围 surround.. with.. 用...... 包围.....
surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n环境;周围的事物
evidence[ v d ns]n．证据；证明=proof n. There is evidence that.有证据表明..... in evidence显而易见的
evident adj.明显的;清楚的;显然的 It is evident that.显而易见的.... apparent adj.显而易见的 distinct adj.明显的，清楚的，不同的 obvious adj.明显的
achieve v.实现；获得=accomplish v. achieve one's goal 达到目标
achievement n．成就；成绩=accomplishment n. a sense of achievement成就感 make an achievement 取得成就
locate v.确定...的位置；使位于=situate v. be located in...位于...=be situated in...=lie in...=be positioned in....
location[l ke n]n．地方；地点；位置=situation n.地理位置；情况
conquer[ k k ]vt．占领；征服；克服；战胜控制 occupy v.占领，占据；任职；使忙于...
battle[ b tl]n．战役；搏斗；vi．＆vt．博斗；奋斗 battle against/with.....与....作斗争 struggle against/with...与....作斗争 strive against....与....作斗争 fight with...与....吵架，打斗 struggle for... =strive for...为...奋斗
fascinate v.使着迷，使神魂=spellbind v.
fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的=spellbound adj. be fascinated by...对...入迷
fascinating[ f s ne t ]adj．极有吸引力的；迷人的=spellbinding adj.
fascination n.着迷
keep your eyes open for.....留心；留意=watch out for... keep your eye on sb 密切注意某人=keep a close watch on sb. keep an eye on sb/sth 照看/照料某人/物=watch over sb./sth. have an eye for... . 对...有鉴赏力=have a taste of... run your eye over sth 匆匆浏览某物=go through sth. close one's eyes to.对... 视而不见=be blind to... set/lay eyes on sb/sth 遇见某人；看见某物 fix one's eyes on 注视；盯着看 catch one's eyes 引起某人的注意 look sb. in the eyes 直视某人 keep up with 跟上；赶上 keep track of 了解...动态；追踪 keep in touch with 与...保持联系 keep doing sth 坚持做某事
charge[ ɑ ]n．收费；指控；主管；vt．收费；控告；充电 charge for收费 free of charge(=for free)免费 charge sb. with (doing) sth=accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人(做了)某事 take charge of掌管 in charge of...负责；管理 in the charge of..由...负责，管理 charger n. 充电器 in command of... =in control of... 掌控...
announce[ na ns]vt.宣布；通知；声称 announce sb. to st.h向某人宣布某事 It's announced that... 据宣布…… declare v.（正式）宣布，声明；断言，宣传 claim v.声称，断言；索取；使丧生；获得
announcement n.宣布；通知；声称 make an announcement 宣布，通告
amount[ ma nt] n．金额；数量 a large amount of...=a large quantity of...=a great deal of...大量的 the amount of...=the quantity of...=the number of...……的数量
v．总计，共计；相当于，等于 amount to...总计......(意义、价值）等于......
approach[ pr ]n．方法；途径；接近；vt．接近；接；着手处理；vi．靠近 at the approach of...在……快到的时候\ approach the problem 处理问题 approach to(doing)...解决（做）……的方法
ensure[ n ]n．保证；确保；担保 ensure sb. from.保护某人免受…… ensure(doing)sth保证（做）某事 make sure 确保 assure v.使确信；确保 insure v.确保，保证；为...投保 guarantee v.确保，保证；担保；保修
generous[ n r s]adj．慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 mean adj.小气的，吝啬的
generosity n.慷慨，大方
position[p z n] n．位置；姿态；职位 (be) out of position 不在适当位置 (be) in position 在适当位置 in sb's position 身在某人的处境=in one’ shoes take a position as....担任....职务 lose one's position失业
v.使位于；安置 be positioned at....位于...
eager[ i g ]adj．热切的；渴望的 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事=be longing to do sth.=be anxious to do sth.=be desperate to do sth.=be thirsty to do sth.=be hungry to do sth. be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
eagerness n.热切，渴望
roll[r l]vi．＆vt．（使）翻滚；（使）滚动；n．卷（轴）；翻滚 roll up 卷起 on a roll 连连成功 roll call 点名
dot[d t]n．点；小（圆）点；vt．加点；遍布
greet[gri t]vi．问候；迎接 greet sb. with sth. 用……向某人问候 be greeted with...迎来....
greeting n.问候，打招呼，致意 send greetings to.... 向……致意
custom[ k st m]n．风俗；习俗；习惯 adj.定做的 customs n.海关 customer n.顾客 accustom v.使习惯于 be accustomed to doing 习惯于做... customize v.订制，定做=tailor v.定做；迎合 customized adj.定制的=tailored adj.定做的
sense n.感觉；道理 v.感觉到，觉察到 make sense 有道理，有意义 make sense of...理解
sensor n.传感器
sensory[ s ns ri]adj．感觉的；感官的
strike[stra k]vi侵袭；突击；击打；达成；引起；敲响 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 it strikes me that...我突然想到...=it occurs to me that...=it hits me that.... be struck by...被...打动，袭击 strike an agreement 达成协议 strike a strong emotion引起强烈的情感 go on strike 罢工
striking[ stra k ]adj．引人注目的；显著的
transition[tr n z ( )n]n．过渡；转变；变迁 transition from…to… 从……过渡到……
crowd[kra d] n．人群；一群人；民众； a crowd of....一大群；许多的=a flood of...=packs of...=a host of... the crowd 人群
vt．挤满；使…拥挤 crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
crowded adj.拥挤的；塞满的 be crowded with....挤满了；充满=be brimming with....=be flooded with...=be packed with...=
chief [ i f]adj．最重要的；最高级别的；n．（公司或机构的）首领；遒长 in chief主要地;尤其 chiefly adv.主要地 principal adj.首要的 main adj.最重要的 crucial adj.关键性的 critical adj.至关紧要的. central adj.重要的 major adj.重要的 prime adj.首要的 key adj.关键的 chief executive 首席执行官
nearby[ n ba ]adj．附近的；邻近的；adv．在附近
currency[ k r nsi]n．通货；货币 digital currency 数字货币
current adj. 当前的=present adj.
military[ m l t ri]adj．军事的；军用的 army n.军队 navy n.海军
port[p t]n．港口（域市）
gallery[ g l ri]n．（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊 art gallery 美术馆
landscape[ l nske p]n．（陆上，尤指乡树的）风景
butter[ b t ]n．黄油；奶油；vt．涂黄油于
honey[ h ni]n．蜂蜜
ancestor[ ns st ]n．祖宗；祖先 ancient adj.古代的
courtyard[ k t jɑ d]n．庭院；院子
snack[sn k]n．点心；小吃
poet[ p t]n．诗人 poem n.诗 poetry n.诗集
county[ ka nti]n．郡；（美国的）县
feast[fi st]n．盛宴；宴会；节日
cattle[ k tl]n．牛
roar[r ]vi．&n．吼叫；咆哮
ocean[ n]n．大海；海洋
scent[s nt]n．气味；气息
pub[p b]n．酒吧；酒馆
wine[wa n]n．葡萄酒；果酒
beer[b ]n．（一杯）啤酒
stew[stju ]n．炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）；vt．＆vi．炖；煨
Confucius[k n fju s]n．孔子
mansion[ m n n]n．公馆；宅第
cemetery[ s m tri]n．墓地；公墓
philosophy[f l s fi]n．哲学
descendant[d s nd nt]n．后裔；后代；子孙 a direct descendant 直系后代
heel[hi l]n．足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟 Achilles' heel[ k li z hi l]（喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
kingdom[ k d m]n．王国；领域
二、课文重点短语
share views on ... 分享对...的意见
be more noticeable than... 比...更引人注目
give a hint as to ... 透露关于...的线索；提示...
the difference between... 之间的差异
be confused by对...感到困惑
solve this puzzle 解决这个难题
be joined to加入；被连接到…
result in 导致; result from由于
break away from 脱离;背叛；逃脱
be added to加入；被加到…
the shortened name 简称
refer to...as 把…称为
share the same currency and military defence 共享
相同的货币和军事防御
take over 接管 （take-took-taken）
have castles built建造城堡 (have sth. done请人
做)
made changes to…对…做出改变
sort out the information 整理信息
pay a visit to a historic tourist destination
游览一个历史意义的旅游景点
a fascinating mix of history and modern culture 历
史与现代文化的完美结合
have a great influence on…对…有影响
peaceful landscape 宁静的风光
get our car battery charged 给汽车电池充电
have our eyes fixed on sth.我们的眼睛盯着某物
have a long history of producing great writers and
poets 有培养杰出作家和诗人的悠久历史
a true feast for the eyes 一场名副其实的视觉盛宴
rolling green hills 连绵起伏的青山
be dotted with…被…点缀
breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers 呼吸着
鲜花的芬芳
birds greet the new day with their morning song 鸟
儿用早晨的歌声来迎接新的一天
be more than likely to do sth. 非常可能做某事
revise the draft修改草稿
be crowded with.....拥挤; 充满
bine A with/and B 把A与B相结合
experience local culture and customs first-hand 亲
身体验当地的文化和习俗
三、重点句型及语法点
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
There are countless historic sites to explore.
Many people are confused by what these different names mean. (P40 L2)
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
佳句赏析 ：
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With this all beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing and dining. (P44 L4)

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