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必修一Unit 4 Natural disaster
单词
序号 单词及拓展（词形记忆） 用法、固定搭配、常用表达（用法记忆） 同义词、近义词、反义词（联想记忆）
disaster[d zɑ st ]n.灾难；灾害 disastrous adj.灾难性的 catastrophe /k t str fi/(n.)灾难 blessing n.福气
tornado[t ne d ]龙卷风；旋风
drought[dra t]n.旱灾久旱
landslide[ l ndsla d]n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 landslide victory 压倒性胜利
slide[sla d]vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动 n.滑滑梯 slide down 滑下
tsunami[tsu nɑ mi]n.海啸
flood [fl d] n. 洪水；大量 flood of 大量的
vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 flooded (adj.) 被淹没的
volcanic eruption [ r p n]火山喷发 volcano n.火山
magnitude[ m gn tju d]n. (地)震级；重大 altitude n.海拔 be of great magnitude 重大的=be of great importance
rescue[ r skju ]n.& vt.营救；救援 rescuer (n.) 救援者 rescue sb. from 从……中救出某人
damage[ d m ]t.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失 do/cause damage to 对……造成损害
destroy[d s tr ]vt. 摧毁 ；毁灭 =destruct v.毁灭(destruction (n.) 毁灭destructive adj. 破坏性的，毁灭性的)
evacuate[ v kj e t]vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 evacuation (n.) 疏散 evacuate from....to.... 从……撤离到.... remove (v.) 移除 withdraw v.撤离，撤回；提取（钱款）
helicopter[ h l k pt ]n. 直升机 plane n.飞机 flight n.航班
die v.死
death[d θ]n. 死；死亡
dead (adj.) 死亡的
deadly adj. 致命的；极度的；乏味枯燥的
affect [ f kt ] vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 affection n. 喜爱；爱恋，影响 be affected by 被……影响
effect n.影响；结果；效果 have an effect on...对...有影响
effective adj.有效的
shelter [ lt ] n.避难处；居所；庇护 provide shelter for 为……提供庇护
shade n.阴凉处 v.遮蔽 shadow n.阴影 refuge / refju d /(n.) 避难所
vt.保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避 shelter sb. from doing sth.保护某人免受...伤害
crack[kr k]n.裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂 crack down on 严厉打击
restore v.修复，恢复 mend v. 修复，修理
as if[ z f]似乎；好像；仿佛
ruin[r n]n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
percent[p s nt]n. 百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百种 percentage (n.) 百分比
brick[br k]n. 砖；砖块
metal[ m tl]n.金属 metal detector 金属探测器
shock [ k] n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 in shock 震惊 =surprise (n.) 惊讶/astonishment n.惊讶/amazement n.惊奇 calmness (n.) 平静
vt.(使)震惊 shock sb. 使某人震惊
shocked (adj.)感到震惊的 stunned /st nd/(adj.) 目瞪口呆的
shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的 stunning adj.令人惊讶的
electricity[ l k tr s ti]n.电；电能
trap [tr p] vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
be trapped in...受困于...=be stuck in... trapper (n.) 捕猎者=hunter
n. 险境；陷阱
bury[ b ri]vt. 埋葬；安葬 bury oneself in 埋头于……=be buried in.... unearth (v.) 挖掘
burial (n.) 埋葬
breathe[bri ]vi.& vt.呼吸 breathe in 吸入 breathe out 呼出 breathe a sigh of relief松了口气=let out a sigh of relief
breath (n.) 呼吸 take one’s breath away令人惊叹 breathless adj.气喘吁吁的=out of breath
revive[r va v]复活，使苏醒 come to life 活跃起来 bring sth. back to life使...恢复生机，使...复活 revive interest in 重新唤起对……的兴趣
revival[r va v l]n.振兴；复苏 cultural revival 文化复兴 renaissance /r ne s( )ns/(n.) 文艺复兴
effort[ f t]n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 make every effort to do sth. 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
effortless (adj.) 不费力的
unify[ ju n fa ]vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体 unite (v.) 联合 （union n.联盟） divide (v.) 分割
unity n.团结，统一
wise adj.明智的，智慧的
wisdom[ w zd m]n.智慧；才智 intelligence (n.) 智慧 foolishness (n.) 愚蠢
context[ k nt kst]n.上下文；语境；背景 in context 在上下文中
suffer[ s f ]vt.遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffer from 遭受……之苦 sustain v.遭受；维持；承受住...
suffering n.苦难
sufferer n.受难者
erupt[ r pt]i.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 burst out 爆发；突然开始
eruption (n.) 喷发
supply [s pla ] n.供应(量)；补给;[pl.] 补给品 power supply 电力供应
vt. 供应；供给 supplier (n.) 供应商 supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物= offer sb sth=offer sth. to sb=provide sb with sth
typhoon[ta fu n]n.台风
in the open air露天；在户外 outdoors (adv.) 在户外 indoors (adv.) 在室内
hurricane[ h r k n]n . (尤指大西洋的)飓风
survive[s va v]vi.生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过 survive on 靠……生存=exist on...=feed on....=live on....
survival (n.) 生存
survivor n.幸存者
power[ pa ]n.电力供应；力量；控制力；影响力
tap[t p]vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 tap water 自来水
knock (v.) 敲
pipe[pa p]n.管子；管道 pipeline (n.) 管道
whistle[ w sl]vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 whistling (n.) 口哨声
emergency[ m nsi]n.突发事件；紧急情况 emergency services (n.) 紧急服务 emergency exit 紧急出口 =urgency n.紧急，急迫 urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的 emerge v.出现；浮现 emerging adj.新兴的
calm[kɑ m]adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
calmness n.冷静
aid[e d] n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助 aid sb. to do sth.=aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人做某事=assist sb. to do sth
kit[k t]n.成套工具；成套设备 first aid kit急救箱
on hand[ n h nd]现有(尤指帮助) go hand in hand 有紧密联系 by hand 用手
crash[kr ]vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞 crash into 撞入……
sweep[swi p]vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 sweep away消灭；彻底消除 sweep up 打扫干净=clean up mess up (phr.) 弄乱 sweep things under the rug掩盖事实
wave[we v]n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 a wave of....一阵... wave at sb.向某人招手
strike[stra k]vi侵袭；突击；击打；达成；引起；敲响 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 go on strike 罢工 it strikes me that...我突然想到...=it occurs to me that...=it hits me that.... be struck by...被...打动，袭击 strike an agreement 达成协议 strike a strong emotion引起强烈的情感
striking (adj.) 显著的
deliver[d l v ]vt. & vi.递送；传达；接生 vt.发表 deliver a speech 发表演讲
delivery n.快递
sum v.求...的和；概括 n.总数，总和；金额 the sum of......的总金额，总和 sum up 把...加起来 To sum up总而言之=In sum
summary[ s m ri]n.总结概括； in summary 总之
summarize v.总结
long adj.长的；长久的
v.渴望 long to do sth=desire to do sth.渴望做... be longing to do sth.=be eager to do sth.=be anxious to do sth.=be hungry to do sth.=be thirsty to do sth.=be desperate to do sth.渴望做某事
length[l θ] n.长；长度 at length=in details详细地 in length在长度上
lengthen v.加长
课文重点短语
come to an end 终结；结束
as usual像往常一样
the number of ……的数量
blow...away把……吹走
fall down跌倒；倒塌
more than 多于；不仅仅；非常
go through经历；经受
stay calm保持镇静
put up搭起；张贴；举起（put up with...忍受）
stay away from 远离
be expected to预期，预计；有望
carry out执行，实行=conduct=perform=implement
on hand 现有的
rise and fall 起起落落
be too nervous to eat 太紧张了而不吃
as usual和平常一样
lie in ruins 成为废墟
there is nothing but…. 只有... (there is anything but...根本没有... )
be gone 消失了 （be missing=be lost 丢失了）
be trapped in… 受困于...=be stuck in...
revive oneself 自我修复
get back up on one’s feet 重新站起来
the rest of… 剩下的...=remaining adj.剩下的
become a home to....成为....的栖息地，家园，发源地
release the news report 发布新闻报告
crash into coastlines 冲入海岸线
stand at…矗立于...
off the coast of...靠近...海岸
重点句型及语法点
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.
Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.

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