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必修一Unit 5 Languages Around the World
单词
序号 单词及拓展（词形记忆） 用法、固定搭配、常用表达（用法记忆） 同义词、近义词、反义词（联想记忆）
billion[ b lj n]n.十亿
native[ ne t v] adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 be native to 原产于；源于 native language 母语 local adj.当地的 n.当地人
n.本地人 be a native of...土生土长的人；原产于…的动物或植物
attitude[ t tju d]n.态度；看法 have a(n)...attitude to/towards...=take a(n)...attitude to... 对……持/采取……的态度 altitude n.海拔
refer[r f ]vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询;叫…求助于 refer to指的是；涉及；描述；提到；查阅 refer to...as...把……称作……(be referred to as...被称作...)
reference[ r fr ns]n.参考；指称关系 in/with reference to..关于=in regard to..=regarding (介词) for reference 作为参考 reference book 参考书；工具书
system[ s st m] n.体系；制度；系统
systematic adj.系统的，有条理的
despite[d s pa t]prep. 即使；尽管 =in spite of...=regardless of...尽管，不管
ups and downs[ ps nd da nz]浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
factor[ f kt ]n. 因素；要素 =ingredient n.要素，因素；（食品）成分，原料 =essence n.本质，要素
base [be s] vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 base...on/upon...把…建立在…基础之上 be based on/upon 以…为基础；依据…=built on... -based adj.以...为基础的；以…为重要部分(或特征)的 a Chicago-based company 总部设在芝加哥的公司 a class-based society 以阶级为特征的社会
n. 底部；根据地 at the base of...=at the bottom of...在...底部
basis n.基础；根据 (be)on the base of...以...为基础 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
basic adj.基本的；基础的 =fundamental adj.根本的，基本的 =foundational adj.基本的，根本的
date back to...=date from... 追溯到 =trace back to...=trace from... =originate from...追溯到... out-of-date 过时的；陈旧的 up-to-date 最新的；时髦的=latest adj.最新的 have a date with...与..约会
bone[b n]n.骨头；骨(质)
shell[ l]n.壳；壳状物
symbol[ s mb l]n. 符号；象征 icon n.象征；符号；偶像→iconic adj.象征性的；图符的；偶像的 represent v.代表，描绘，象征→representation n.代表；描绘；象征→representative adj.有代表性的，典型的
symbolic adj.有象征意义的；符号的
symbolize v.象征
carve[kɑ v]vt. & vi 雕刻 =sculpt v.雕刻→sculpture n.雕像（=statue n.）
dynasty[ d n sti] n.王朝；朝代
vary vt. & vi.改变；变化 vary from...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动=range from...to...
variety[v ra ti]n.多样化；变体 a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
various adj.不同的；各种各样的 =diverse adj.各种各样的→diversity n.种类→diversify v.使多样化
major [ me ] vi.主修；专门研究 major in 主修……
n.主修课程；主修学生
adj.主要的；重要的;大的
majority n.大部分；大多数 in the majority占大多数 the majority of大多数……
minor adj.次要的，较小的；n.辅修
minority n.少数 in the minority 占少数 the minority of...少数...
no matter where , who, what, etc.不论……；不管……
dialect[ da l kt]n.地方话；方言
mean v.意味着；打算 adj.吝啬的，刻薄的 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事=intend to do sth.
meaning n.意思，意义
meaningful adj.有意义的
meaningless adj.无意义的
means[mi nz]n.方式；方法；途径 by this means 通过这种方法 by means of 用……办法；借助……手段 a means of (doing) sth (做)某事的方法、途径 by all means 一定，务必 by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首部分倒装)
classic[ kl s k]adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.经典作品；名著
regard [r gɑ d] n.尊重；关注；问候 with/in regard to... 关于... have high regard for...高度关注(have no regard for...无视…） give one’s regards to...代某人向…问候=give one’s greetings to...
vt.把……视为；看待 regard/consider/see/view/look on sth. as...把...认作...
character[ k r kt ]n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 feature n.特点；特色；以...为特色 trait n.(指人的)特征；特点
characteristic n.特征；特点 adj.典型的
calligraphy[k l gr fi]n.书法
globe n.球体 all over the globe全球=throughout the globe
global[ gl b l]adj.全球的；全世界的 globally adj.在全球
affair[ fe ]n.公共事务；事件；
appreciate[ pri e t] vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 admire v.欣赏，钦佩
appreciation n.欣赏；感激；理解； admiration n.欣赏，钦佩
appreciative adj.欣赏地 admirable adj.令人钦佩的
specific[sp s f k]adj.特定的；明确的；具体的 specifically adv.具体地，特定地 concrete adj.具体的，混凝土的
struggle[ str gl]n.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 struggle for...为…而斗争；奋斗=strive for...=fight for... struggle with/against...与……做斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事；挣扎着做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
tongue[t ]n.舌头；语言 tone n.音调，语气 set a tone for...为...定下基调
from one’s point of view就某人的观点而言=in one’s view in view of...考虑到；鉴于
semester[s m st ] n.学期 =term n.学期，时期，条件；词汇术语
gas[g s].汽油；气体；燃气
petrol[ p tr l]汽油
subway[ s bwe ]地铁
apartment[ pɑ tm nt]公寓套房 =flat n.公寓 adj.平坦的；没气的
pants[p nts]内裤；短裤 =shorts n.短裤
beg[b g] vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 beg for...=pray for..祈求...
beggar n.乞丐 begging n.乞讨
equal[ i kw l] n.同等人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的 equally adv.相等地；同等地 be equal to (doing)等于...;能胜任(做)某事 (be) without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 equality n.平等；相等
gap[g p].间隔；开口；差距 bridge the gap 缩小差距 generation gap代沟
demand[d mɑ nd]n.要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi.查问 be in (great) demand (迫切)需求=be in (great) need meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事
demanding adj.要求高的；费力的；苛求的
vocabulary[v k bj l ri]n.词汇 phrase n.短语，词组
describe v.描述；形容；描绘 =represent v.描述；代表
description[d s kr p n]n.描写(文字)；形容 =account n.描述；考虑；账户；理由 =representation n.描述；代表 beyond description 无法形容，难以描述 give a description of...描写/描述……
relate[r le t]vt.联系；讲述 relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事 relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
related adj.相关的；有联系的 be related to...与……有关
relation n.关系，联系 in relation to... 关于
课文重点短语
be connected with its past 与它的过去有联系
bridge the gap 消除差距
be widely known for ... 因...而被广泛了解
ancient civilization 古代文明
all the way 自始至终；从头到尾
date back (to) 追溯到
be divided geographically 按地理区域分
in one direction 朝着一个方向
be of great importance in doing sth. 做某事具有非常重要的意义
no matter where 无论何地
by means of 以...的方法、凭借...的手段
the high regard for... 对...的高度重视
play a greater role in 扮演者越来越重要的角色
global affairs 全球事务
an increasing number of 越来越多
an online forum 一个在线论坛
fill in the table 填写表格
get high marks获得高分
have a lot of trouble with my listening 我的听力有困难
catch a few words 理解几个单词
get used to…适应…
record my voice 录音
compare…with…把…与…比较
depend on…取决于…
be close to...接近...
be senior to…比…年长，高等
keep sth. in one’s head 把某事记住=bear sth. in mind
relate to…与…有关
重点句型及语法点
There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
The more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.
Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.
China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy.
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.

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