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湖南师大附中2026届高三年级第一次联考
英 语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A． 19. 15. B． 9.18. C． 9.15.
答案是C。
1．What will the man do next
A．Prepare a speech draft.
B．Submit his application.
C．Practice pronunciation
2．What does the woman plan to change
A．Her eating habits.
B．Her sleep schedule.
C. Her exercise routine.
3．Where will the couple go for their anniversary
A．A beach destination．
B．A mountain house.
C．A city museum．
4．What are the speakers talking about
A．A personal hobby. B．A birthday gift. C．A work place.
5．When will the speakers meet
A．On Saturday morning. B．On Sunday afternoon. C．On Monday evening.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where did the cat go after jumping off the roof
A．To the roof again.
B．Behind a big building.
C．Into the small street nearby.
7．How does the woman probably feel
A．Relaxed. B．Worried. C．Confused.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Colleagues.
B．Teacher and student.
C．University classmates.
9．Who is going to have an interview
A．Tom. B．Lily. C．Anna.
10．What will Lily and Anna probably do later
A．Attend a lecture. B．Have an interview. C．Have lunch.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What does the woman say about social media
A．It causes interruption for most students.
B．It provides educational resources.
C．It should be banned in schools.
12．What is the man's attitude toward social media
A．Favorable. B．Neutral. C．Critical.
13．What does the woman suggest
A．Banning social media. B．Teaching proper use. C．Limiting class time.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Where does Luna currently work
A．Green Craft. B．Star Design Studio. C．Eco-friendly Project.
15．How long has Luna worked on the lasting fashion line
A．1 year. B．3 years. C．5 years.
16．What does Luna think of her present work recently
A．It's full of brave ideas.
B．It's stuck in old patterns.
C．It's very challenging.
17．What can we know about Marcus
A．He refuses to talk with Luna.
B．He doesn't care about Luna's choice.
C．He tries to keep Luna in the company.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Where was the project carried out
A．In a forest. B．Near a river. C．Along old railway tracks.
19．What do the metal markers indicate
A．Historical information.
B．The number of trees planted.
C．The distance from the city center.
20．What does the project's success stress
A．Community engagement.
B．The need for modern construction.
C．The importance of government funding.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Building Bridges of Trust
Date and time
Sunday, October 19
Location
Online
About this event
This 3.5-hour interactive webinar（网络研讨会）will focus on ways we can share intercultural spaces with one another. So many of us come from different backgrounds and cultures and it can be difficult to see another person's or culture's perspective. We will discuss the multiple spaces and cultures we inhabit. In addition, we will use comedy as a tool to "not take ourselves too seriously" and to aid us in finding solutions to these age-old challenges we humans invent. We will "re-think" and "re-construct" how we position ourselves in our work and our lives so that we might build bridges of trust with each other and with the clients we work with.
Educational objectives
RECOGNlZE the various spaces and cultures we inhabit individually as well as the various
spaces or cultures our clients may inhabit.
ANALYZE the ways this might be blocking us from building trust with one another and with our clients. (We will be using comedic tools to keep this light.)
IDENTIFY three ways our perspectives may be blocking us from building trust with each other and with our clients.
PROPOSE one way to re-think or re-construct the spaces we inhabit individually in order to build trust with each other and with our clients.
Frequently asked questions( FAQ)
What time is the event
The workshop will be from 10 a.m. t0 1:30 p.m.
Will the recording qualify for RID CEUs
Yes! There will be a short quiz (5 questions) that will be sent along with the recording a week after the workshop. To qualify, you will need to have at least 4 out of 5 questions correct.
I need to change the recording. How do I do so
Please email me at asl@ and I'd be happy to help.
21．Which tool helps solve challenges according to the text
A．Music. B．Games. C．Debates. D．Comedy.
22．What is needed for RID CEUs via recording
A．Attending the webinar.
B．Sending an email request.
C．Finishing a long research paper.
D．Answering at least 4 questions correctly.
23．What is the text probably
A．A news report. B．A story chapter.
C．An event notice. D．A research paper.
(★)B
We were designing a wheelchair for a college engineering course. While my classmates were certain that we needed to use steel and felt only steel would be strong enough, I thought steel would be too heavy and aluminum(铝) would be a better option. But the student who strongly argued for steel worked at a bike shop. A few days later, when the big and heavy steel arm kept dropping down, I wished I had shown more determination to defend my position.
I was a crafty kid. Not crafty like a fox, but crafty to the point that my parents would come home ready for whatever "artistic" explosion I had made that day—painting, clay sculpting, clothes, and more. But when I studied engineering in college, these pursuits were deep-sixed. Not only was I stretched for time, but I didn't think they were relevant to my academic work. I hesitated to highlight my female crafting interests in the male-dominated engineering environment where I already felt like an outsider.
When I went on to pursue a Ph. D. early in the pandemic, I felt anxious and turned to crafting. One day I was making a set of dice as a gift for a friend, While putting the liquid resin(树脂) into the silicone mold(硅胶模具), I made a joke to my partner that I was "injection molding"—a standard engineering manufacturing(制造) process. I suddenly realized that although resin art is not injection molding in the technical sense, it shares the spirit and probably some skills.
Soon I saw more connections between engineering and crafting that I had previously ignored. And crafting taught me not to give up when my product didn't match my initial vision and to consider the failed creation a learning experience, just as an engineer must.
Since then, I’ve built crafting back into my free time. I mentioned my dice-making experience at a robotics conference and explained in a team meeting how we could gain inspiration from art experiences. I was glad that the responses were positive-not rude or unfriendly, as I used to fear.
24．What can we know about the author and her classmates
A．They had disagreements when creating a wheelchair.
B．They knew little about the structure of wheelchairs.
C．They didn't get along well with each other.
D．They worked part-time at a local bike shop.
25．What does the underlined word "deep-sixed" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Followed through. B．Dug out.
C．Put up. D．Put aside.
26．What did the author realize after making a gift for a friend
A．Crafting can help make her a better engineer.
B．She should become more determined.
C．Crafting needs great practical skills.
D．She should develop new hobbies.
27．Which of the following words can best describe the author
A．Confident but unrealistic. B．Creative and sensitive.
C．Smart but headstrong. D．Honest and frank.
(★)C
Carried by the wind, dust particles(微粒) from places such as the Sahara Desert can float halfway around the world before settling to the ground. As the plastics abandoned by humans break down into tiny pieces in the environment, they, too, travel through the atmosphere. Now scientists arc a step closer to understanding how these microplastics travel in the globe, both locally and or long-distance flights.
Researchers spent more than a year collecting microplastics from 11 national parks and wilderness areas in the western U.S. They examined the particles that settled on dry days and those that fell along with rain or snow. In addition to making clear how microplastics move around, the results, published on Thursday in Science, reveal the seriousness of the problem: more than I million kilograms of microplastics—the weight of 120 million to 300 million plastic water bottles-fall on protected lands in the country's western region each year.
The new findings add to scientists' concern over microplastics pollution's potential impacts on the environment and human health. "We're not supposed to breathe in this material," says Steve Allen, a micro-plastics researcher at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland, who was not involved in the new study. "Plastics in the environment carry all sorts of pesticides(农药) , heavy metals and all the other chemicals that we've made over time," he adds. "They're going to carry them directly into our lungs."
Since their discovery in oceans in the 1970s, microplastics—which can be as large as a grain of rice or smaller .than a particle of dust-have been found nearly everywhere researchers have looked: in cities, in Arctic snow, on remote mountaintops. Their presence in areas distant from the place where humans live has pointed to them being carried by winds.
28．What do the scientists further understand now
A．How plastic particles travel on the wind.
B．Why it is hard for plastics to break down.
C．How dust particles are spreading through the wind.
D．Why Sahara Desert is expanding to the south of Africa
29．What do we know about the new study
A．The results showed the amount of microplastics is huge.
B．Researchers collected microplastics 4cross the U.S.
C．Numerous plastic water bottles were found each year.
D．Researchers focused on plastic particles in dry days.
30．What does Steve Allen say about plastics
A．They should be recycled.
B．They do harm to weather.
C．They carry harmful chemicals to human lungs.
D．They can be used to make all sorts of pesticides.
31．What would be the best title for the text
A．Plastics Bring About Debate
B．Microplastics Are Falling from the Sky
C．Dust Particles Are Harmful to Our Lungs
D．The Environment Is Threatened by Plastics
D
Researchers have long been interested in how humans and animals make decisions by focusing on trial-and-error behavior informed by recent information. However, the conventional frameworks for understanding these behaviors may overlook certain realities of decision-making because they assume we make the best decisions after taking into account our past experiences.
One new study employs AI in innovative ways to better understand this process. By using tiny artificial neural networks, the researchers' work illuminates in detail what drives an individual's actual choices.
"Instead of assuming how brains should learn in bettering our decisions, we developed an alternative approach to discover how individual brains actually learn to make decisions," explains Mattar, a professor in New York University. "This approach functions like a detective, uncovering how decisions are actually made by animals and humans. By using tiny neural networks—small enough to be understood but powerful enough to catch complex behavior—we've discovered decision-making strategies that scientists have overlooked for decades."
"Large neural networks used in AI are very good at predicting things," says Benna, a professor at UC San Diego's School. "For example, they can predict which movie you would like to watch next. However, it is very challenging to describe simply what strategies these complex machine learning models employ to make their predictions-such as why they think you will like one movie more than another one. By training the simplest versions of these AI models to predict animals' choices and analyzing their dynamics using methods from physics, we can throw light on their inner workings in more easily understandable terms."
Understanding how animals and humans learn from experience to make decisions is not only a primary goal in the sciences, but, more broadly, useful in the fields of business, government, and technology. However, existing models of this process, because they are aimed at describing optimal(最佳的) decision-making, often fail to get realistic behavior.
"Just as studying individual differences in physical characteristics has revolutionized medicine, understanding individual differences in decision-making strategies could transform our approach to mental health and cognitive function," concludes Mattar.
32．What can be inferred about traditional decision-making models
A．They are consistent with real-life decision behavior.
B．They pay much attention to individual differences.
C．They ignore choices that are not the best,
D．They use AI-based methods.
33．What is special about the new study
A．Using tiny neural networks. B．Analyzing past experiences.
C．Predicting movie preferences. D．Revisiting conventional frameworks.
34．What does Benna mean concerning large neural networks
A．They lack predictive accuracy.
B．Their strategies are hard to interpret.
C．They outperform tiny networks in research.
D．They revolutionize decision-making studies.
35．What is Mattar's attitude towards the new research
A．Cautiously skeptical. B．Indifferently neutral.
C．Strongly supportive. D．Mildly critical.
(★)第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Any time of the day you can commit to exercising is a good time for getting active. However, the best time to exercise is different for each person. 36
Determine when you have the most energy. Do you struggle to get out of the bed in the morning or do you wake up energized and ready to go Are you a night owl and never get to bed before midnight Once you establish what your sleep tendencies are, you will have a better idea of when your body is most ready to exercise. 37 You are more likely to hit the snooze button instead of getting a workout in.
Consider your daily schedule. When are you the busiest 38 Try to fit in exercise before or at least around these events. Some people would prefer to get it out of the way first thing, while others prefer to put it off until the end of the day when they are all caught up.
Determine your exercise goals. If you are trying to develop a routine, you may want to exercise in the morning. People who exercise in the morning are more consistent. 39 If you are trying to improve your performance, evening exercise may be best. You may experience less tiredness, quicker reaction times, and more strength and flexibility in the evening. If you are trying to lose weight, you may want to exercise in the morning before you have eaten when your body is more likely to use fat instead of carbohydrates（碳水化合物）for energy.
40 This way, you'll see how you feel and find the time that works best with your schedule. Keep an exercise log to help you evaluate each time.
A．This will give your body time to relax.
B．Do you perform better in the morning or at night
C．You may not feel like exercising after a long day of work.
D．When do you tend to schedule your most important tasks
E．Consider your lifestyle and exercise goals to find the right time.
F．If you're not a morning person, do not schedule an early morning workout.
G．Anyway, you'd better experiment with both morning and evening workouts.
第三部分 语言运用（其两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In 1990, Karen de Boer, a college freshman, felt thrilled when she got into her school's well-known choir(合唱团)—a group set to tour China and Japan that year. She valued this cliance deeply, eager to 41 on the international stage.
One 42 morning, the choir was to perform at a church an hour away. But Karen overslept, suddenly waking up to find the bus long gone. She felt the bottom of her stomach had just 43 out—fearing being labeled immature, kicked out, and losing the dream 44 ．
Stuck with no car or nearby friends to 45 , Karen wandered the hallway, tears burning. Then neighbor Pam stepped out. Their relationship was ever 46 : Karen and her roommates often made noise late, ignoring Pam's polite requests for 47 —she needed peace to sleep or study.
48 , Karen said quickly about her trouble: oversleeping, missing the bus, the urgent performance. To her shock, Pam smiled, “I have a car and know the church. Let's 49 .” Strange-Karen had been unkind, yet Pam helped without 50 .
They raced to the car; Pam wove through traffic as Karen checked time 51 ．They arrived as the choir 52 up to enter—right on time.
Decades later, Karen reflects: "It wasn't just a 53 . It was Pam forgiving those noisy nights. I'd tell her, 'Sorry I ignored you. Thank you—your kindness, when I least deserved it, taught me to be better. It 54 how I treat others for 30 years.''' That small act of grace, she knows, was a 55 lesson that outlasted the tour.
41．A．compete B． shine C．connect D．speak
42．A．random B．freezing C．crucial D．busy
43．A．broke B．stepped C．wore D．dropped
44．A．battle B．tour C．light D．fuel
45．A．get on B．chat with C．bring in D．turn to
46．A．tense B．sincere C．mysterious D．distant
47．A．quietness B．freedom C．fairness D．permission
48．A．Shocked B．Ashamed C．Regretted D．Delighted
49．A．bargain B．wait C．hurry D．cheer
50．A．difficulty B．exception C．hesitation D．warning
51．A．nervously B．gradually C．obviously D．eventually
52．A．sped B．turned C．woke D．lined
53．A．ride B．dream C．morning D．performance
54．A．confirmed B．described C．witnessed D．shaped
55．A．peace B．honesty C．forgiveness D．wisdom
第二节 （共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Longevity noodles arc not merely a dish but a cultural symbol representing the wish for along and rich life. Chinese tradition is 56 the length of the noodle is directly associated with the length of the consumer's life, making it an essential part of birthday celebrations, especially for the elderly. The concept is simple yet far-reaching—cutting the noodles is considered bad luck as it might symbolically 57 (short) one's life.
In Dali, Yunnan province, longevity noodles are a highlight among the hundreds of local snacks. The extraordinary feature of these noodles is their length; a single noodle is long enough 58 (serve) as many as 1,000 people. This practice not only shows cooking skills but also stresses the 59 (collect) aspect of dining, as many people share from a single noodle,
60 (strengthen) social bonds.
Sometimes, in Lanzhou, Gansu province, Lanzhou beef noodles 61 (refer) to as "longevity noodles". These noodles are classified into more than ten types 62 (base) on thickness, suiting different age groups. The thinner noodles are particularly associated with longevity, as they are easier for older individuals to eat, making them popular among the elderly 63 consume them as a regular part of their diet.
In traditional settings, the noodles are pulled by hand, 64 technique that requires extensive training and practice. This method of hand-pulling ensures that the noodles are 65 uniform thickness and texture. The art of making longevity noodles is often passed down through generations, with each family or chef adding their unique touch to the dish.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你椅英语报要增设一个关于文化遗产保护的栏目。外教Mr. Brown建议从“文化遗产保护价值(the value of cultural heritage protection)”和“文化遗产保护方法(methods for cultural heritage protection)”中选择一个方向展开讨论。请给Mr. Brown写一封邮件，内容包括：
(1)你的选择（具体的讨论方向）；
(2)简要说明理由。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Brown. I'm thrilled to contribute to the new column on cultural heritage protection. Best regards, Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last month, my best friend Lily and I made an appointment to volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend. We both adored animals and had dreamed of opening our own rescue center someday. Our routine was simple: I'd clean kennels(狗舍)while Lily socialized the cats. But as midterm exams approached, my anxiety snowballed. I began skipping shifts, inventing excuses like "family emergencies" or "study sessions". Lily never questioned me, but her disappointed sighs cut deeper than any accusation.
One rainy Saturday, the shelter's director called me directly. "Lily's down with a cold," she said, "and we've got some abandoned dogs arriving in an hour. Can you come " My hands got sweaty, I'd lied about studying that very morning, claiming I needed to go over chemistry. Now, faced with a choice between my lie and the dogs, I froze. “I…I have a fever,” I tripped over my words. “I can't make it.” The director's silence felt like a hit.
The night, guilt bothered me as I went through Lily's Instagram(照片墙). There she was wrapped in a blanket, surrounded by eight tiny golden retrievers（寻回犬）. The illustration read; "Even when I'm sick, these angels keep me going." Below it were comments praising her devotion. My chest tightened. Scrolling further, I saw Lily's post from last night: "Stuffy nose, but Mom's chicken soup saved the day!"
The next day, I dragged myself to the shelter. Through the window, I saw Lily kneeling in front of a kennel, cleaning patiently. Her coughs rang out through the courtyard. I pushed open the door, my throat tightening, "Lily..." She turned, her face pale but eyes bright. "You said you were sick," she whispered. "But here you are, perfectly fine.” I opened my mouth to explain, but the words died as a tremble attacked her body.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I realized it was time to admit my lie and make up for my mistakes.
With trembling hands. I took out the homemade chicken soup I'd cooked early in the morning.
英语参考答案
题序 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案 A A B B B C B C A C B C B A B
题序 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B C C A A D D C A D A B A A C
题序 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案 B C A B C E F D C G B C D B D
题序 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案 A A B C C A D A D C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了关于线上互动研讨会的时间、核心内容、教育目标，以及关于活动时间、RID CEUs资格要求和录制内容更改方式等常见问题的解答。
21．D。细节理解题。文本在“About this event”中明确提到：“we will use comedy as a tool...to aid us in finding solutions to these age-old challenges”，即喜剧被用作解决挑战的工具。其他选项（音乐、游戏、辩论）未在文中提及，因此选D。
22．D。细节理解题。关于RID CEUs的要求，文本在FAQ中说明：“To qualify，you will need to have at least 4 out of 5 questions correct.”，即需正确回答至少4道题。A(参加网络研讨会)与“via recording”无关；B(发邮件请求)是更改录制内容的操作，非资格要求；C(完成长篇研究论文)未提及。因此选D。
23．C。推理判断题。文本包含活动名称、日期、时间、地点、内容介绍、教育目标及常见问题等信息，这些均为活动通知的典型要素。A(新闻报道)须具备时效性和客观性叙事，文中无；B(故事章节)需有情节和人物，文中无；D(研究论文)需有论点、论据和分析结构，文中无。因此选C。
【语篇导读】本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是人与自我之生活与学习。作者在求学的过程中逐渐意识到自己的爱好——手工制作——对自己所学的专业是大有益处的。
24．A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While my classmates were certain that we needed to use steel...be a better option.”可知，作者和她的同学在设计制作一辆轮椅时，他们的意见出现了分歧。
25．D。词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的“Not only was I stretched for time，but I didn't think they were relevant to my academic work.”可知，作者在上大学时时间紧张，而且她认为她的爱好与学术学习无关，因此她将过去这些需要花时间和精力做的事情“搁置了”。
26．A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I suddenly realized...it shares the spirit and probably some skills.”以及第四段中的“And crafting taught mc not to give up...just as an engineer must.”可知，作者在给朋友制作礼物的过程中意识到：制作手工艺品可以帮助作者成为更好的工程师。
27．B。推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者喜欢制作各种手工艺品，因此她是一个富有创造力的人；同时，作者不够自信，过于在意别人的看法，因此，她是一个敏感的人。
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。科研人员通过研究发现，微塑料的传播不局限于本地传播，还可通过空气在全球范围内传播。
28．A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now scientists are a step closer to understanding how these microplastics travel in the globe—both locally and on long-distance flights.（目前，科学家更进一步地了解到这些微塑料足如何在全球传播的——既有本地化传播，又有远距离传播。）”可知，科学家目前更深入地了解塑料分子是如何在风中传播的。故选A。
29．A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In addition to making clear how microplastics move around，the results，published on Thursday in Science, reveal the seriousness of the problem: more than 1 million kilograms of microplastics—the weight of 120 million to 300 million plastic water bottles-fall on protected lands in the country's western region each year.（周四发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果除了明确了微塑料是如何移动的之外，还揭示了问题的严重性：每年有超过100万公斤的微塑料——相当于1.2亿到3亿个塑料水瓶的重量——落在该国西部地区的受保护土地上。）”可知，研究结果表明，微塑料的数量是巨大的。故选A。
30．C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ 'Plastics in the environment carry all sorts of pesticides(农药)，heavy metals and all the other chemicals that we've made over time,' he adds. ‘They're going to carry them directly into our lungs.’（他补充说，‘环境中的塑料携带着各种农药、重金属和我们长期制造的所有其他化学物质。它们会把这些物质直接带到我们的肺部。’）”可知，Steve Allen表示空气中的塑料会把毒性物质送人肺中。故选C。
31．B。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了对微塑料在空气中传播的研究成果：第一段介绍了研究主题，第二段主要介绍了研究的过程和结果，第三段主要介绍了研究成果在科学界的影响，最后一段则补充介绍了对微塑料的研究发现。B选项“微塑料正在从天上掉下来”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
【语篇导读】本文探讨了传统决策模型的局限性，介绍一项利用微型神经网络(AI)的新研究。该研究通过分析个体实际决策策略，揭示了被忽视的决策机制，并指出其对科学、商业和心理健康领域的潜在影响。
32．C。推理判断题。原文第一段提到传统模型“assume we make the best decisions"且第五段提到“fail to get realistic behavior”，说明其忽略了非最佳选择，与选项C(“ignore choices that are not the best”)直接对应。故选C。
33．A。细节理解题。第二段明确提到“using tiny artificial neural networks”，第三段进一步解释其“small... but powerful”的特性。即新研究特点是用微型神经网络替代传统模型。故选A。
34．B。推理判断题。第四段Benna指出，大型神经网络虽擅长预测（如电影推荐），但“难以简单描述其决策策略”，并强调需用物理学方法解析其内部机制。Benna通过对比“预测能力”与“策略解释”，暗示大型网络的核心问题在于策略的不可解释性。故选B。
35．C。推理判断题。第三段Mattar称新方法“像侦探一样揭示决策真相”，并在末段将其与医学革命类比，强调其变革性意义。另外，Mattar使用“detective" "overlooked for decades”等积极词汇，明确表达对新研究的肯定。故选C。
36．E。E选项是对正文部分二、三、四段首句也就是主旨句的总结概括。
37．F。F选项与下句紧密相关。句意：如果你不是个喜欢早起的人，就不要安排早上锻炼，因为到时候你更有可能起不来而接着睡，而不是锻炼。
38．D。D选项是个问句，与前面的问句构成了两个并列的问句，共同展开阐述首句也是主旨句里的“daily schedule”。
39．C。C选项前两句都是说早上起来锻炼。选择早上起来锻炼与不愿意在工作了一天之后去锻炼是一个意思。
40．G。G选项与下句紧密联系。句意：无论如何，你最好早上锻炼和晚上锻炼都尝试一下。有了自己的亲身体会，你就会知道什么时间最适合你。“This way”指的是上句提及的方法：早上晚上都去尝试一下。
【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了大学生卡伦因睡过头错过合唱团去教堂演出的班车，与她关系紧张的邻居帕姆却不计前嫌，开车送她及时赶到现场。这件事让卡伦深受触动，明白了宽恕的意义，也影响了她此后30年对待他人的方式。
41．B。考查动词词义辨析。根据前文“got into her school's well-known choir(合唱团)—a group set to tour China and Japan that year” 以及“valued this chance deeply”可知，卡伦很珍惜进入合唱团并能参与国际巡演的机会，渴望在国际舞台上“闪耀(shine)”。“compete’’意为“参加比赛”；“connect”意为“连接”；“speak”意为“说话”，均不符合语境。故选B。
42．C。考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文“the choir was to perform at a church’’可知，这一天有演出任务，对合唱团来说是“关键的( crucial)”一天。“random”意为“随机的”；“freezing”意为“极冷的”；"busy”意为“忙碌的”，均不能体现这一天的重要性。故选C。
43．D。考查动词（短语）词义辨析。“the bottom of one's stomach drops out”是固定表达，意为“感到万分焦急；心沉了下去”。此处描述卡伦发现班车已走时的恐慌心情，“dropped”符合语境。“broke out”意为“爆发”；“stepped out”意为“走出”；“wore out”意为“磨损”，均不符合语境。故选D。
44．B。考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“a group set to tour China and Japan that year”可知，卡伦担心失去的是这次“巡演( tour)”的机会。“battle”意为“战斗”；“light”意为“光线”；“fuel’’意为“燃料”，均与语境不符。故选B。
45．D。考查动词短语辨析。根据“Stuck with no car”可知，卡伦被困住了，没有车，附近也没有可以“求助(turn to)”的朋友。“get on”意为“上车”；“chat with”意为“和……聊天’’；“bring in”意为“引入”，均不符合语境。故选D。
46．A。考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文“Karen and her roommates often made noise late，ignoring Pam’s polite requests”可知，卡伦和室友常吵闹，忽视帕姆的请求，两人关系一直很“紧张(tense)”。“sincere”意为“真诚的”；“mysterious”意为“神秘的”；“distant”意为“遥远的”，均不符合语境。故选A。
47．A。考查名词词义辨析。根据“she needed peace to sleep or study”可知，帕姆需要安静的环境睡觉或学习，所以是请求“安静(quietness)”。“freedom”意为“自由”；“fairness”意为“公平”；“permission”意为“允许”，均不符合语境。故选A。
48．B。考查形容词词义辨析。卡伦之前对帕姆不友好，现在却要求助，内心应是“羞愧的(Ashamed)”。“Shocked"意为“震惊的”；“Regretted”意为“后悔的”（动词过去式，此处作形容词）；“Delighted”意为“高兴的”，均不符合语境。故选B。
49．C。考查动词词义辨析。根据“the urgent performance”可知，演出很紧急，所以帕姆说“我们赶紧(hurry)走”。“bargain”意为“讨价还价’’；“wait”意为“等待”；“cheer”意为“欢呼”，均不符合语境。故选C。
50．C。考查名词词义辨析。根据“Strange－Karen had been unkind，yet Pam helped”可知，帕姆虽然被不友好对待，却“毫不犹豫(without hesitation)”地帮忙了。“difficulty”意为“困难”；“exception”意为“例外”；“warning”意为“警告”，均不符合语境。故选C。
51．A。考查副词浏义辨析。因为时间紧迫，卡伦应是“紧张地(nervously)”查看时间。“gradually”意为“逐渐地”；“obviously’’意为“明显地”；“eventually”意为“最终”，均不符合语境。故选A。
52．D。考查动词（短语）词义辨析。“lined up”意为“排队”，此处指合唱团正排队进入教堂，符合语境。“sped up”意为“加速”；“turned up”意为“出现”；“woke up”意为“醒来”，均不符合语境。故选D。
53．A。考查名词词义辨析。根据前文帕姆开车送卡伦可知，卡伦觉得这不仅仅是一次“搭车(ride)”，更是帕姆的宽恕。“dream”意为“梦想’’；“morning”意为“早上’’；“performance”意为“表演”，均不符合语境。故选A。
54．D。考查动词词义辨析。根据“how I treat others for 30 years”可知，帕姆的善举“塑造(shaped)”了卡伦30年来对待他人的方式。“confirmed”意为“确认”；“described”意为“描述”；“witnessed”意为“见证”，均不符合语境。故选D。
55．C。考查名词词义辨析。根据前文“It was Pam forgiving those noisy nights”可知，这个小小的善举是关于“宽恕(forgiveness)”的一课。“peace”意为“和平”；“honesty”意为“诚实”；“wisdom’’意为“智慧”，均不符合语境。故选C。
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。中国长寿面不仅是一碗面，更是承载长寿与富足寓意的文化符号，展现了其文化内涵、地域特色（如大理、兰州的差异）及传统制作工艺。
56．that。考查名词性从句。空格前为系动词is，空格后是完整的句子（主谓宾结构），构成表语从句。表语从句不缺成分，且句意完整，需用that引导(that在表语从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用)。故填that。
57．shorten。考查词性转换。空格前为情态动词might，需接动词原形。所给词short为形容词，其动词形式为shorten（缩短），符合句意“切断面条可能象征着缩短人的寿命”。故填shorten。
58．to serve。考查非谓语动词。句意为“一根面条足够长，能供多达1000人食用。”此处使用了固定结构“adj.+enough+to do sth.”，表示“足够……去做某事”。故填to serve。
59．collective。考查词性转换。空格后为名词aspect(方面)，需用形容词修饰。所给词collect为动词，其形容词形式为collective(集体的)，符合句意“强调用餐的集体性”。故填collective。
60．strengthening。考查非谓语动词。逗号前为主句，空格处需用非谓语动词作结果状语。strengthen（加强）与前面的句子构成主动关系（很多人共享一根面条的结果是加强社会联系）。故填strengthening。
61．are referred。考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。句子主语为“Lanzhou beef noodles”，与动词refer(提及，称为)构成被动关系（被称为“长寿面”）。时态为一般现在时，主语为复数，故填arc referred。
62．based。考查非谓语动浏。固定搭配“based on”表示“基于……”，在句中作状语，修饰“classified into more than ten types”，意为“基于厚度被分为十多种类型”。故填based。
63．who/that。考查定语从句。空格前为名词the elderly(老年人)，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the elderly（指人）。从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。
64．a。考查冠词。空格后为可数名词单数technique(技艺)，此处表示“一种需要大量训练和练习的技艺”，表泛指，故用不定冠词a。
65．of。考查介词。此处表示“手工拉制确保面条厚度和质地均匀”，需使用固定结构“of+名词”，相当于形容词，故填of。
第四部分
第一节
【参考范文l】
Dear Mr. Brown,
I'm thrilled to contribute to the new column on cultural heritage protection. After thinking over your suggestions, I've decided to focus on the value of cultural heritage protection.
Firstly, cultural heritage is an irreplaceable witness to history. It offers a direct connection to our ancestors' lives, helping us truly understand how civilizations evolved. Secondly, it strengthens cultural identity. When we preserve ancient ruins or historical sites, we pass down a sense of belonging to future generations, reminding them of their roots. What's more, cultural heritage has educational value. It serves as an outdoor classroom, making history and culture more vivid for students than any textbook. Lastly, it boosts local economies by attracting tourists, which in turn supports community development.
In short, protecting cultural heritage is about honoring the past, enriching the present, and safeguarding the future.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【参考范文2】
Dear Mr. Brown,
I'm thrilled to contribute to the new column on cultural heritage protection. I strongly recommend focusing on methods for cultural heritage protection.
I suggest combining cultural heritage protection with the digital age, where technologies like 3D scanning and AR guides can revolutionize protection efforts. For instance, Dunhuang Grottoes uses Huawei's Hetu AI platform to create virtual tours, reducing physical damage from tourists while enhancing global accessibility. By highlighting such cutting-edge methods, students can explore how technology bridges protection and public engagement. Additionally, proposing student-led initiatives, such as designing QR-code storytelling systems for local ruins, would promote hands-on participation and cultural pride. This approach not only addresses practical challenges but also inspires creative solutions, making the column both informative and feasible.
I believe this focus will not only make the column vivid and practical but also inspire students to think creatively about heritage protection.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【评分标准】
一、内容完整性与准确性（6分）
1．选择明确（2分）
需清晰表述选择“文化遗产保护价值”或“文化遗产保护方式”，未明确提及扣2分；表述模糊（如仅说“我选择您建议的方向之一”）扣1分。
示例：明确写出“I will focus on the value of cultural heritage protection”得2分。
2．理由充分具体（3分）
若选“保护方式”，可包含①技术应用或其他（如数字技术、社区参与模式等，1分）；②可行性方案（如学生可操作的具体活动，1分）；③预期效果（如平衡保护与利用，1分）。
若选“保护价值”，可包含①历史意义（如承载文明记忆，1分）；②当代价值（如文化认同构建，1分）；③社会影响（如教育功能，1分）。
3．词数合规（1分）
词数少于60，从总分中减去1-2分。
二、语言表达（5分）
1．语法准确性（2分）
重大语法错误（如时态混乱、主谓不一致）每处扣0.5分，小错误（如冠词遗漏）每2处扣0.5分，最多扣2分。
2．词汇运用（2分）
3．句式多样性（1分）
三、篇章组织（2分）
1．结构清晰（1分）
需包含引言（选择）、主体（理由）、结尾（总结）三部分，缺任一部分扣0.5分；未分段扣1分。
2．逻辑连贯（1分）
连接词使用不当（如用“but”连接递进关系）扣0.2分／处，最多扣1分。
四、交际得体性（2分）
1．语气恰当（1分）
需体现建议的委婉与尊重(如使用“I would suggest” “Could we consider”)，语气生硬(如“Your idea is not good”)扣1分。
2．内容真实（1分）
需结合具体案例（如真实遗址名称、可行的学生活动），泛泛而谈（如“保护很多地方”）扣1分。
五、评分原则
第六档（13－15分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。
—覆盖所有内容要点；
—应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；
—语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力；
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；
—完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第五档（10—12分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。
—虽漏掉l、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容；
—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；
—语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致；
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档（7—9分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。
—虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容；
—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；
—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解；
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使伞文内容连贯；
—整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作日的。
第三档(4—6分)末适当完成试题规定的任务。
—漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容；
—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；
—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺乏连贯性；
—信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第二档（1—3分）未完成试题规定的任务。
—明显漏掉主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求；
—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；
—较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解；
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯；
—信息未能传达给读者。
第一档（0分）
—未能传达给读者任何信息；
—内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
第二节
【参考范文】
I realized it was time to admit my lie and make up for my mistakes. “I'm sorry, Lily. I wasn't sick yesterday.1was just too scared of exams to come,” I said suddenly, tears rolling down. Her eyes widened in surprise, then softened. Before she could speak, a tiny dog barked from the dog house. I rushed over, gently picking it up. “Let me help you take care of them,” I said, wiping my tears. Lily nodded, a faint smile crossing her face. Together, we cleaned the puppies, fed them warm milk, and comforted the scared ones. As the flurry of activity finally settled, exhaustion washed over us. Sitting on the front steps and staring blankly side by side with Lily at nothing in particular, I snapped back to reality—the chicken soup I'd prepared for Lily.
With trembling hands, I took out the homemade chicken soup I'd cooked early in the morning. “I know you have a cold. This might help,” I said, handing her the container. She took it, her fingers brushing mine. “Thank you,” she said softly, taking a little drink. “I missed you these days.” I felt a weight lift off my chest. “I’ll never skip shifts again. Our dream of the rescue center needs both of us,” I said firmly. She smiled, and we continued our work, cleaning kennels and socializing the cats. The warmth between us drove away the cold.
【评分标准】
一、内容（10分）
主题紧扣：续写需围绕“诚实与责任”展开，体现主人公从逃避到直面错误的心理转变。情节合理：
第一段需包含坦诚真相的具体细节（如对话、心理描写），如主人公承认撒谎的原因和内心挣扎。
第二段需体现关系修复和责任承担，可展示具体的实际行动（如共同救助动物）。
情感连贯：从愧疚到和解，情感层次分明，结尾需呼应前文伏笔（如共同照顾动物、承诺未来行动）。
二、语言（8分）
词汇准确性
句式多样性
语法规范：时态（过去完成时、过去进行时）、主谓一致等语法错误控制在2处以内。三、连贯性（7分）
逻辑衔接：使用“but” “yet” “as”等过渡词，使情节发展自然流畅。伏笔呼应：续写内容需与原文伏笔相呼应。
段落结构：两段内容分配均衡，每段重点明确。
四、区分度说明
评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
五、评分时还应注意：
1．词数少于120的，从总分中减去1－2分；
2．单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受；
3．书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分。
六、评分原则
第七档(25分)
—创造了丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高；
—使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达流畅，语言错误很少，且完全不影响理解；—自然有效地使用了段落间、句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，前后呼应，意义连贯。
第六档（21—24分）
—创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度较高；使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达比较流畅，有个别错误，但不影响理解；
—比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第五档（16—20分）
—创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性，续写基本完整，与原文情境相关；
—使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达方式不够多样性，表达有些许错误，但基本不影响理解；
—使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第四档（11—15分）
—创造了基本完整的故事内容，但有的情节不够合理或逻辑性不强，与原文情境基本相关；使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有部分语言错误和不恰当之处，个别部分影响理解；
—尚有语句衔接的意识，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。
第三档（6—10分）
—内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文有一定程度脱节；
—所用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多且比较低级，影响理解；
—未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，欠连贯。
第二档（1—5分）
—内容和逻辑上有较多最大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情境基本脱节；所使用的词汇非常有限，语法结构单调，错误极多，严重影响理解；
—几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不清晰，意义不连贯。
第一档（0分）
—未作答。所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判。所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。

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