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专题01 语法讲解（期中复习讲义）
单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势
Unit 1-4 反意疑问句，句子种类，不定式，系动词，句子基本结构 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查，尤其强调语言能力与思维品质的结合，通过语法题目检验学生运用语法规则分析、解决语言问题的逻辑思维能力，而非单纯考查语法知识记忆。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。情境设计更具真实性和连贯性。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。题干或语篇素材会融入中外优秀文化元素（如传统节日习俗、文化礼仪差异）、正能量主题（如环保行动、互助精神），在考查语法的同时，引导学生树立正确价值观，提升跨文化意识。 4. 综合性增强：打破单一语法点的孤立考查，倾向于在同一题目或语篇中融合多个语法点。 5.梯度性鲜明：题目设置兼顾不同层次学生的能力水平，基础题侧重考查语法规则的基本应用，提升题则要求学生在复杂语境中灵活调整语法运用方式，体现 “分层考查、因材施教” 的命题理念。
知识点01 反意疑问句
反意疑问句
反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略式的疑问句构成。若陈述句部分为肯定式，疑问部分一般用否定式；若陈述句部分为否定式，则疑问部分一般用肯定式。陈述句部分如果有动词be、助动词或情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些词。疑问部分的主语一般要用代词形式。如：
Mike was a singer, wasn’t he 迈克是个歌手，是不是？
Lily came home late, didn’t she 莉莉很晚到家，是不是？
Ann and Mary won’t come, will they 安和玛丽不会来了，是吗？
You can’t work out the problem, can you 你做不出这道题，是吗？
特殊变化的反意疑问句：
1 陈述句部分若是I am，疑问部分要用aren’t I。如：
I am very happy, aren’t I 我很开心，不是吗？
2 陈述句部分主语是everybody, everyone, somebody或these, those时，疑问部分用they作代词；陈述句部分主语是everything, nothing, something或this, that时，疑问部分用it作代词。如：
Everybody is here, aren’t they 大家都到齐了，是吗？
Everything is ready, isn’t it 一切都准备好了，是吗？
3 当陈述句部分含有no, never, little, few, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
No one knows you at the university, do they 这个大学没人认识你，是吗？
She has never been to Australia, has she 她从未去过澳大利亚，是吗？
4 陈述句部分是“I don’t think / believe + 从句”时，疑问部分用 肯定形式且对从句提问。如：
I don’t think you are a teacher, are you 我认为你不是个教师，对不对？
5 陈述句部分中含有动词have：
(1) have意思是“有”时，疑问部分有两种形式：
He hasn’t any sisters, has he （英式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
He doesn’t have any sisters, does he （美式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
(2) 当have作“经历；遭受；得到；吃”等意思时，疑问部分只用do的适当形式。如：
You all had a good time, didn’t you 你们都玩得很愉快，是吗？
(3) 当陈述句谓语动词含有have to，had to时，疑问部分用do的适当形式。如：
We have to get there before six tomorrow, don’t we 我们明天必须6点前赶到那儿，是不是？
5 陈述句部分中含有动词have：
(1) have意思是“有”时，疑问部分有两种形式：
He hasn’t any sisters, has he （英式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
He doesn’t have any sisters, does he （美式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
(2) 当have作“经历；遭受；得到；吃”等意思时，疑问部分只用do 的适当形式。如：
You all had a good time, didn’t you
你们都玩得很愉快，是吗？
(3) 当陈述句谓语动词含有have to，had to时，疑问部分用do的适当形式。如：
We have to get there before six tomorrow, don’t we
我们明天必须6点前赶到那儿，是不是？
【即时检测】
1.I am a student in Grade Eight, ______ ______
2.Tom can speak three foreign languages, ______ ______
3.They will go to the park this weekend, ______ ______
4.There is some milk in the fridge, ______ ______
5.Everyone likes this interesting story, ______ ______
6.This book belongs to Lucy, ______ ______
7.She has few friends in this new school, ______ ______
8.He hardly ever eats fast food, ______ ______
9.I don’t believe she will come to the party, ______ ______
10.He has two brothers, ______ ______ （英式英语）
11.We had a wonderful trip last summer, ______ ______
12.They have to finish their homework before 9 p.m., ______ ______
13.Mary didn’t watch TV last night, ______ ______
14.Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it, ______ ______
15.Your parents usually get up early, ______ ______
16. Sit down，please! ______ ______
17.Let’s go. ______ ______
18. Let us go. ______ ______
知识点02 句子种类
句子种类 用 法 示 例
1. 陈述句 用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。 This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。 We didn’t go to school yesterday. 我们昨天没上学。
2. 疑问句 用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种，初中阶段要求掌握前三种。
（1）一般疑问句 用yes或no回答的问句。 Are you a student 你是学生吗？ Do you like singing 你喜欢唱歌吗？
（2）特殊疑问句 需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词：what什么，what time几点，when何时，where何地，why为什么，which哪个，who谁，whom（宾格）谁，whose谁的，how如何，how old多大年纪，how much多少，how many多少，how often多久一次，how far多远，how long多久，how soon多久以后 Who is your English teacher 你们的英语老师是谁？ How many people are there in your family 你家里有几口人？ Which bike is yours 哪辆单车是你的？ How did you get there 你怎么到那儿的？ Whose book is on the floor 谁的书在地板上？ How long have you studied English 你学英语多久了？
（3）选择疑问句 选择部分由连词or连接。 What would you like, tea or coffee 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ Are you going to the cinema or the library 你是去电影院还是图书馆？
3. 祈使句 表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。 否定形式：Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。 为了使语气显得客气，可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时，前面一般要加一个逗号。 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。 Be quiet! 安静！ Don’t talk loud in the library. 别在图书馆里大声喧哗。 Never swim in the river. 不要在河里游泳。 Please come this way. 请这边走。 Sit down, please. 请坐。
4. 感叹句 表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导，句末用感叹号。
（1）what引导的感叹句（中心词是名词） ·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多可爱的女孩啊！ What an interesting book it is! 这是一本多么有趣的书啊！ What beautiful flowers they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！ What nice weather we have today! 今天天气真好！
（2）how引导的感叹句（中心词是形容词或副词） ·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)！ ·How+副词(+主语+谓语)！ How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦！ How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得真快！
【即时检测】
他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！
They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________________________ project it is!
. ________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park!
A How amazing day B. How an amazing day
C. What amazing day D. What an amazing day
. —China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships.
—______ exciting news!
A. What a B. How a C. How D. What
4.Please move your car away, sir. This is “________” area.
A. No smoking B. No parking C. No swimming D. No littering
5.________ trying and do your best.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept
6.—________ have you been a member of the Youth League
—For three years.
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How far
7. —Excuse me, ________ is the Gengsu Theatre from this hotel
—It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.
A. how far B. how long C. how soon D. how much
8. —________ do you learn these words by heart
—By using them in different ways.
A. When B. How C. Why D. Where
知识点03 不定式
动词不定式（Infinitives）即小品词to后面跟动词原形，写作“to do（sth.）”。本单元重点讲解不定式作后置定语、不定式作主语、不定式作表语。
（1）名词后跟动词不定式（Infinitives after nouns）
名词后跟动词不定式，也就是说动词不定式充当后置定语。例如：
I have some questions to ask you. 我有一些问题要问你。
注意：很多情况下，不定式后的介词不可省略。例如：
This is a good pen to write with. 这支钢笔很好写。（write with a pen）
（2）动词不定式作主语（Infinitives as subjects）
动词不定式可充当主语。例如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
此外，要注意下面两个句型的区别：It is adj. for sb. to do sth.和It is adj. of sb. to do sth.
It is important for us to look after ourselves well. 照顾好我们自己是重要的。
=To look after ourselves well is important for us.
It is kind of you to help me. 帮助了我，你真好。=You are kind to help me.
另外，句型It takes（sb.）time to do sth. 中的It也作形式主语。
3）be后面跟动词不定式（Infinitives after the verb be）
be动词后面跟动词不定式，即不定式充当表语。例如：
My dream is to be a scientist when I grow up. 我的梦想是长大后成为科学家。
【即时检测】
完成句子并指出不定式的语法功能
1.我觉得那是提高你英语的最好办法。
I think that’s the_______ ________ ________ ________ your English.
2.她是一个工作起来很好相处的人。
She is a nice person_______ ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. 在上海生活是他一生的梦想。
_______ ________ ________ ________ is his lifetime dream.
4.活到老，学到老。
One is never _______ ________ ________ ________ .
5.我们的梦想是使城市更美好。
Our dream is_______ ________ ________ ________ more beautiful.
6.他是第一个想到这个点子的人。
He was the first person ______ _______ _______ the idea.
7.她们的梦想是成为出色的舞蹈家。
Their dreams _______ ______ ________ excellent dancers.
8.广州是一个旅游的好地方。
Guangzhou is a good place _______ ________.
9.在一天内完成如此多的家务是不可能的。
_______ ________ so much work in a day is impossible.
10.饭后散步是个好习惯。
It’s a good habit ________ ________ _________ _________ after dinner.
知识点04 系动词和句子成分及基本句式
句子成分
二、基本句型
基本句式
【即时检测】
1. I really enjoyed walking around the town.
A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 状语 D. 宾语
2. The teacher said that he would go there on time.
A. 宾语 B. 主语 C. 表语 D. 谓语
3. Eating too much is bad for your health.
A. 表语 B. 主语 C. 宾语 D. 谓语
4. These factories should be closed because of their serious pollution.
A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾语 D. 表语
5. —Mary, could you tell me the structure of the sentence “The good news made me happy.”
—OK. It’s ________.
A. S+V+P B. S+V+DO+IO C. S+V+DO D. S+V+DO+OC
6. Which of the following sentence has the same structure as “It is getting dark.”
A. He bought me a gift. B. The fish tastes good.
C. The boys are playing basketball. D. My mom buys me a basketball.
7. Which of the following sentences follows the structure of “S+V+IO+DO”
A. Autumn leaves turn brown. B. Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat.
C. I found him very interesting. D. Tommy does some reading every day.
8. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Snow makes children feel excited.”
A. The ground becomes white. B. Children make a snowman together.
C. Snow brings children lots of fun. D. You can see children play happily.
9. — What’s the structure of the sentence “He is flying a kite now.”
— It is ________.
A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+O D. S+V+DO+OC
10. What is the sentence structure of “You can find the answer to the question easily.”
A. S+V+P. B. S+V+DO+OC. C. S+V+IO+DO. D. S+V+O.
11. What is the sentence structure of “I offered my classmates some pink pencils”
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
12. This kind of cake tastes _________.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
13. The children all looked _________at the broken model plane and felt quite _________.
A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad
14. This math problem is _________and I can do it _________.
A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy
基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）
1. —______ does your school have a trip this term
—On January 21.
A. What B. Why C. Who D. When
2. —_________ homework does he do every day
—About half an hour of homework on each subject.
A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How soon
3. E-mail is very popular today. People hardly send letters, ________
A. did they B. do they C. didn’t they D. don’t they
4. ________ afraid of making mistakes and just have a try.
A. Don’t being B. Don’t be C. Not be
5. ________fun we had at the party yesterday! Thank you for inviting us.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
6. ________ helpful advice you gave us on protecting personal information the other day!
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
7. —________ amazing Michael Jackson’s musical talent was!
—Exactly. He was the King of Pop.
A. How B. What C. How an D. What an
8. __________ your umbrella, or you’ll catch a cold on such a rainy day.
A. Take B. To take C. Taking D. Taken
9. 　　　　 more books, and you will improve your reading skills.
A. Reading B. Read C . Reads D. To read
10. — ________ have you been a member of the football team
—For two years.
A. How much B. How often C. How many D. How long
11. He hardly watches TV, ________
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. do he D. don’t he
12.Don’t forget to lock the door, _______
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
13. The sentence structure (结构) of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.” is ________.
A. S+V+DO B. S+V+P C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+IO+DO
14. The sentence structure of “My grandpa always walks his dog in the morning.” is ________.
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+DO+IO D. S+V+DO+OC
15. The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes lively.” is _______.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
16.In my family, my mother is the last one _______.
A. goes to bed B. going to bed C. go to bed D. to go to bed
17.— Mum, can I have something _______
— Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is _________ in the kitchen.
A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else
C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else
18. Little Tom’s ability ____ the piano well surprised his parents.
A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing
19.My sister’s wish is ______ a famous singer.
A. be B. to be C. become D. becomes
20.We need to buy lots of things. _______ money now seems impossible.
A. Save B. Saves C. Saved D. To save
重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）
一、不定式的用法
1. Remember ________ the book in time when you have finished ________ it .
A. to return; reading B. returning; reading
C. returning; to read D. to return; to read
2. They stopped ________, but there was no sound.
A. listen B. listening C. to listening D. to listen
3. Don’t make children _______ too much homework.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. did
4. Every year we see many mums ________ qipao at the school gate to wish their children good luck at the college entrance examination.
A. wear B. wearing C. to wear D. wore
5. ________ healthy, we students should exercise and eat more vegetables.
A. To keep B. Keep C. Kept D. Keeping
6. It’s time ________ us ________ English lesson.
A. for; to have B. for; have C. of; to have D. of; have
7. There were so many colourful dresses in the shop for women. I couldn’t decide ________.
A. to buy which B. which to buy one C. which one to buy D. to buy which one
8. I wonder what else should be paid attention to ________ pollution.
A. reduce B. reducing C. to reduce D. reduces
9. She already knows ________ this afternoon.
A. how to do B. what she can do it C. what to do D. to do
10. —Do you know Neil Armstrong —Yes, he is the first man ____ on the moon.
A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked
11. —Wild animals need more people’s help.
—Yes. People working in the reserves are doing everything they can ________ them.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. to saving
12. I have yogurt every day _______ healthy.
A. to keep B. kept C. keeps D. keeping
二、感叹句
1. —______great progress he has made during the last few months!
—Yes. That’s all because of his hard work.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
2. ________ heavy smoke it is! The house must be on fire.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
3. —Listen to the birds! Frank.
—Oh, yes. ________ fantastic songs they are singing!
A. How B. What C. What an D. What a
4. _________the bird is singing!
A. How beautiful B. How beautifully
C. What beautiful D. What beautifully
5. ---_____________ the earthquake in Ludian is !
---Yes, we should try our best to help them.
A. What terrible B. How terrible C. How terribly D. What terribly
6. ---_____________bad weather it is ! We can't go to Paris by plane.
---Maybe we can go there next week
A. What a B. How C. What D. How
7. --I have been a teacher for two years. -- !
A. What a meaningful experience B. What meaningful experience
C. How a meaningful experience D. How meaningful experience
8. _________ you have offered her! She is out of trouble now.
A. What useful advice B. What a useful advice
C. How a useful advice D. How useful advice
真题链接（测试时间：15分钟）
1．（25·天津中考）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings.
A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected
2.（25·福建中考）We will attend the tea festival in our town ________ more about tea culture.
A．learning B．to learn C．learned
3.（25·天津中考）5．—Steve, ________ did you begin to learn how to play chess
—About two years ago.
A．what B．when C．why D．where
4.（24·广州中考）这是一次多么有意义的经历啊！
experience it is!
5.（23·广州中考）他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！
They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________________________ project it is!
6.（25·广州中考）令我欣喜的是，他们很快就完成了。他们真聪明！
To my joy, they finished it in a short time. they are!
7. Tom, ______, or you will miss the school bus. Only five minutes left.
A. hurry up B. to hurry up C. hurrying up D. hurried up
8. Remember ________ off the lights before you go.
A. to turn B. turn C. turns D. turning
9. Martin is the first English teacher in our school ________ in the west, where he was known as a ________ dictionary in local students’ minds.
A. volunteering; walking B. to volunteer; walked
C. volunteering; walked D. to volunteer; walking
10. He seemed ________ his homework when his mother came in, but his behavior seemed ________.
A. doing; strangely B. having done; strange C. to be doing; strangely D. to be doing; strange
11. I regret ________ I can’t help you with it.
A. to say B. say C. to saying D. saying
12. I think _________ important _________ English every morning.
A. that; keep reading B. it’s; keeping reading
C. that; to keep read D. it; to keep reading
13. —David, what do I need ________ for the hiking
—More water ________ usual. It’s hot today.
A. to take; than B. to bring; as C. take; as D. bring; than
14. Simon’s dream is ________ in the Word Cup.
A. to play B. playing C. plays D. play
15. —Look! Can you see some beautiful kites ________ in the sky
—Sure. It’s a wonderful time ________ kites.
A. flying, flying B. fly, flying C. fly, to fly D. flying, to fly
16. —Excuse me, could you please tell me _______ from here to the airport
—Sure. It’s about 100 km.
A. how far it is B. how long it takes C. how far is it D. how long does it take
17. ________ great fun we have ________ with each other at lunchtime!
A. What; chatting B. How; to chat C. What; to chat D. How; chatting
18. There is ________ bread in the fridge. Let us go to buy some, ________
A. little; shall we B. few; shall we C. a few; will you D. some; shall we
19. —There ______ a folk art exhibition in our hometown next month.
—______ exciting news it is!
A. is going to be; What B. will be; What an
C. is going to have; What D. will have; What an
20. —________ excellent advice it is! I’m sure to have a wonderful summer vacation.
—I’m so glad that you like it.
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
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专题01 语法讲解（期中复习讲义）
单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势
Unit 1-4 反意疑问句，句子种类，不定式，系动词，句子基本结构 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查，尤其强调语言能力与思维品质的结合，通过语法题目检验学生运用语法规则分析、解决语言问题的逻辑思维能力，而非单纯考查语法知识记忆。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。情境设计更具真实性和连贯性。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。题干或语篇素材会融入中外优秀文化元素（如传统节日习俗、文化礼仪差异）、正能量主题（如环保行动、互助精神），在考查语法的同时，引导学生树立正确价值观，提升跨文化意识。 4. 综合性增强：打破单一语法点的孤立考查，倾向于在同一题目或语篇中融合多个语法点。 5.梯度性鲜明：题目设置兼顾不同层次学生的能力水平，基础题侧重考查语法规则的基本应用，提升题则要求学生在复杂语境中灵活调整语法运用方式，体现 “分层考查、因材施教” 的命题理念。
知识点01 反意疑问句
反意疑问句
反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略式的疑问句构成。若陈述句部分为肯定式，疑问部分一般用否定式；若陈述句部分为否定式，则疑问部分一般用肯定式。陈述句部分如果有动词be、助动词或情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些词。疑问部分的主语一般要用代词形式。如：
Mike was a singer, wasn’t he 迈克是个歌手，是不是？
Lily came home late, didn’t she 莉莉很晚到家，是不是？
Ann and Mary won’t come, will they 安和玛丽不会来了，是吗？
You can’t work out the problem, can you 你做不出这道题，是吗？
特殊变化的反意疑问句：
1 陈述句部分若是I am，疑问部分要用aren’t I。如：
I am very happy, aren’t I 我很开心，不是吗？
2 陈述句部分主语是everybody, everyone, somebody或these, those时，疑问部分用they作代词；陈述句部分主语是everything, nothing, something或this, that时，疑问部分用it作代词。如：
Everybody is here, aren’t they 大家都到齐了，是吗？
Everything is ready, isn’t it 一切都准备好了，是吗？
3 当陈述句部分含有no, never, little, few, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
No one knows you at the university, do they 这个大学没人认识你，是吗？
She has never been to Australia, has she 她从未去过澳大利亚，是吗？
4 陈述句部分是“I don’t think / believe + 从句”时，疑问部分用 肯定形式且对从句提问。如：
I don’t think you are a teacher, are you 我认为你不是个教师，对不对？
5 陈述句部分中含有动词have：
(1) have意思是“有”时，疑问部分有两种形式：
He hasn’t any sisters, has he （英式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
He doesn’t have any sisters, does he （美式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
(2) 当have作“经历；遭受；得到；吃”等意思时，疑问部分只用do的适当形式。如：
You all had a good time, didn’t you 你们都玩得很愉快，是吗？
(3) 当陈述句谓语动词含有have to，had to时，疑问部分用do的适当形式。如：
We have to get there before six tomorrow, don’t we 我们明天必须6点前赶到那儿，是不是？
5 陈述句部分中含有动词have：
(1) have意思是“有”时，疑问部分有两种形式：
He hasn’t any sisters, has he （英式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
He doesn’t have any sisters, does he （美式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
(2) 当have作“经历；遭受；得到；吃”等意思时，疑问部分只用do 的适当形式。如：
You all had a good time, didn’t you
你们都玩得很愉快，是吗？
(3) 当陈述句谓语动词含有have to，had to时，疑问部分用do的适当形式。如：
We have to get there before six tomorrow, don’t we
我们明天必须6点前赶到那儿，是不是？
【即时检测】
1.I am a student in Grade Eight, ______ ______
2.Tom can speak three foreign languages, ______ ______
3.They will go to the park this weekend, ______ ______
4.There is some milk in the fridge, ______ ______
5.Everyone likes this interesting story, ______ ______
6.This book belongs to Lucy, ______ ______
7.She has few friends in this new school, ______ ______
8.He hardly ever eats fast food, ______ ______
9.I don’t believe she will come to the party, ______ ______
10.He has two brothers, ______ ______ （英式英语）
11.We had a wonderful trip last summer, ______ ______
12.They have to finish their homework before 9 p.m., ______ ______
13.Mary didn’t watch TV last night, ______ ______
14.Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it, ______ ______
15.Your parents usually get up early, ______ ______
16. Sit down，please! ______ ______
17.Let’s go. ______ ______
18. Let us go. ______ ______
【答案】1.aren’t I 2.can’t he 3.won’t they 4.isn’t there 5.aren’t they 6.doesn’t it 7.does she 8.does he 9.will she 10.hasn’t he 11.didn’t they 12.don’t they 13.did she 14.is it 15. don’t they 16.will you 17,shall we 18. Will you
知识点02 句子种类
句子种类 用 法 示 例
1. 陈述句 用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。 This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。 We didn’t go to school yesterday. 我们昨天没上学。
2. 疑问句 用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种，初中阶段要求掌握前三种。
（1）一般疑问句 用yes或no回答的问句。 Are you a student 你是学生吗？ Do you like singing 你喜欢唱歌吗？
（2）特殊疑问句 需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词：what什么，what time几点，when何时，where何地，why为什么，which哪个，who谁，whom（宾格）谁，whose谁的，how如何，how old多大年纪，how much多少，how many多少，how often多久一次，how far多远，how long多久，how soon多久以后 Who is your English teacher 你们的英语老师是谁？ How many people are there in your family 你家里有几口人？ Which bike is yours 哪辆单车是你的？ How did you get there 你怎么到那儿的？ Whose book is on the floor 谁的书在地板上？ How long have you studied English 你学英语多久了？
（3）选择疑问句 选择部分由连词or连接。 What would you like, tea or coffee 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ Are you going to the cinema or the library 你是去电影院还是图书馆？
3. 祈使句 表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。 否定形式：Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。 为了使语气显得客气，可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时，前面一般要加一个逗号。 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。 Be quiet! 安静！ Don’t talk loud in the library. 别在图书馆里大声喧哗。 Never swim in the river. 不要在河里游泳。 Please come this way. 请这边走。 Sit down, please. 请坐。
4. 感叹句 表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导，句末用感叹号。
（1）what引导的感叹句（中心词是名词） ·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多可爱的女孩啊！ What an interesting book it is! 这是一本多么有趣的书啊！ What beautiful flowers they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！ What nice weather we have today! 今天天气真好！
（2）how引导的感叹句（中心词是形容词或副词） ·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)！ ·How+副词(+主语+谓语)！ How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦！ How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得真快！
【即时检测】
1.他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！
They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________________________ project it is!
【答案】What a wonderful
【解析】根据题干可知此处是一个感叹句。中心词为可数名词project“项目”，符合结构：What+ a/an+形容词+主语+谓语。project是以辅音音素开头，应用a；wonderful“极好的”。故填What a wonderful。
2.. ________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park!
A How amazing day B. How an amazing day
C. What amazing day D. What an amazing day
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在世界公园里看到世界的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊！
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数day，用感叹句结构：What a/an adj. n.+主谓。故选D。
3.. —China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships.
—______ exciting news!
A. What a B. How a C. How D. What
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——中国包揽了2023年世乒赛的所有金牌。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊！
考查感叹句，感叹句的中心词news是不可数名词，此处用“What+形容词+不可数名词”结构。故选D。
4. Please move your car away, sir. This is “________” area.
A. No smoking B. No parking C. No swimming D. No littering
【答案】B
【解析】句意：先生，请把您的车开走。这里是“禁止停车”区域。
考查情景交际。祈使句表示请求、命令。No smoking禁止吸烟；No parking禁止停车；No swimming禁止游泳；No littering禁止乱扔垃圾。根据“Please move your car away”可知，要把车开走，所以是禁止停车，故选B。
5.________ trying and do your best.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept
【答案】A
【解析】句意：继续努力，尽你最大的努力。
考查祈使句。根据“and do your best”可知句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头。故选A。
6. —________ have you been a member of the Youth League
—For three years.
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How far
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你成为共青团员有多长时间了？——三年了。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多久，多长；How many多少；How often多久一次；How far多远。根据答句“For three years.”可知询问时长应用how long来提问。故选A。
7. —Excuse me, ________ is the Gengsu Theatre from this hotel
—It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.
A. how far B. how long C. how soon D. how much
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——对不起，庚戌剧院离这家旅馆有多远？——如果你坐出租车大约需要十分钟。
考查特殊疑问句。how far多远；how long多长时间；how soon多久之后；how much多少钱。根据“It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.”可知此处询问距离，疑问词用how far。故选A。
8. —________ do you learn these words by heart
—By using them in different ways.
A. When B. How C. Why D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你是怎么把这些单词背下来的？——通过以不同的方式使用它们。
考查特殊疑问句。when什么时候；how如何；why为什么；where哪里。根据“By using them...”可知此处询问方式，疑问词用how。故选B。
知识点03 不定式
动词不定式（Infinitives）即小品词to后面跟动词原形，写作“to do（sth.）”。本单元重点讲解不定式作后置定语、不定式作主语、不定式作表语。
（1）名词后跟动词不定式（Infinitives after nouns）
名词后跟动词不定式，也就是说动词不定式充当后置定语。例如：
I have some questions to ask you. 我有一些问题要问你。
注意：很多情况下，不定式后的介词不可省略。例如：
This is a good pen to write with. 这支钢笔很好写。（write with a pen）
（2）动词不定式作主语（Infinitives as subjects）
动词不定式可充当主语。例如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
此外，要注意下面两个句型的区别：It is adj. for sb. to do sth.和It is adj. of sb. to do sth.
It is important for us to look after ourselves well. 照顾好我们自己是重要的。
=To look after ourselves well is important for us.
It is kind of you to help me. 帮助了我，你真好。=You are kind to help me.
另外，句型It takes（sb.）time to do sth. 中的It也作形式主语。
3）be后面跟动词不定式（Infinitives after the verb be）
be动词后面跟动词不定式，即不定式充当表语。例如：
My dream is to be a scientist when I grow up. 我的梦想是长大后成为科学家。
【即时检测】
完成句子并指出不定式的语法功能
1.我觉得那是提高你英语的最好办法。
I think that’s the_______ ________ ________ ________ your English.
2.她是一个工作起来很好相处的人。
She is a nice person_______ ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. 在上海生活是他一生的梦想。
_______ ________ ________ ________ is his lifetime dream.
4.活到老，学到老。
One is never _______ ________ ________ ________ .
5.我们的梦想是使城市更美好。
Our dream is_______ ________ ________ ________ more beautiful.
6.他是第一个想到这个点子的人。
He was the first person ______ _______ _______ the idea.
7.她们的梦想是成为出色的舞蹈家。
Their dreams _______ ______ ________ excellent dancers.
8.广州是一个旅游的好地方。
Guangzhou is a good place _______ ________.
9.在一天内完成如此多的家务是不可能的。
_______ ________ so much work in a day is impossible.
10.饭后散步是个好习惯。
It’s a good habit ________ ________ _________ _________ after dinner.
【答案】1.best way to improve（不定式作定语）2.to get on well with（不定式做定语）
3.To live in Shanghai（不定式作主语） 4.too old to learn（句式：too。。。to）
5.to make our city（不定式作表语） 6.to think of (不定式作定语) 7.is to be (不定式作表语)
8.to travel（不定式作定语）9.to finish （不定式作主语）10.to take a walk(不定式作真正主语，it作形式主语)
知识点04 系动词和句子成分及基本句式
句子成分
二、基本句型
基本句式
【即时检测】
1. I really enjoyed walking around the town.
A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 状语 D. 宾语
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我真的很喜欢在镇上散步。
考查句子成分。划线部分“walking”是动名词，在句中作宾语，故选D。
2. The teacher said that he would go there on time.
A. 宾语 B. 主语 C. 表语 D. 谓语
【答案】A
【解析】句意：老师说他会准时去那里。
考查句子成分。这个句子的主干是“主谓宾”结构。The teacher（老师）作主语, said（说）作谓语, that he would go there on time（他会准时去那里）是宾语从句充当宾语。故这句话的划线部分是宾语。 故选A。
3. Eating too much is bad for your health.
A. 表语 B. 主语 C. 宾语 D. 谓语
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吃得太多对你的健康有害。
考查句子成分。Eating too much“吃得太多”；分析句子结构可知，划线部分是动名词短语在句中作主语，因此B选项符合题意。故选B。
4. These factories should be closed because of their serious pollution.
A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾语 D. 表语
【答案】B
【解析】句意：由于这些工厂的污染严重，这些工厂应该关闭。
考查句子成分。because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词等构成介宾短语，作状语，所以划线部分应是作状语。故选B。
5. —Mary, could you tell me the structure of the sentence “The good news made me happy.”
—OK. It’s ________.
A. S+V+P B. S+V+DO+IO C. S+V+DO D. S+V+DO+OC
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——玛丽，你能告诉我“The good news made me happy.”这句话的结构吗？——好的。它是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语。
考查句子结构。The good news是主语；made是谓语；me是宾语；happy是宾补。故选D。
6. Which of the following sentence has the same structure as “It is getting dark.”
A. He bought me a gift. B. The fish tastes good.
C. The boys are playing basketball. D. My mom buys me a basketball.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：下面哪个句子和“天正在变黑”有相同的结构？
考查句子结构。He bought me a gift.句子结构是主谓双宾；The fish tastes good.句子结构是主系表；The boys are playing basketball.句子结构是主谓宾；My mom buys me a basketball.句子结构是主谓双宾。所给句子“It is getting dark.”的结构是主系表。故选B。
7. Which of the following sentences follows the structure of “S+V+IO+DO”
A. Autumn leaves turn brown. B. Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat.
C. I found him very interesting. D. Tommy does some reading every day.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：以下句子哪个是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”的结构？
考查句型结构。Autumn leaves turn brown.主+系+表；Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat.主+谓+间宾+直宾；I found him very interesting.主+谓+宾+宾补；Tommy does some reading every day.主+谓+宾+状。故选B。
8. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Snow makes children feel excited.”
A. The ground becomes white. B. Children make a snowman together.
C. Snow brings children lots of fun. D. You can see children play happily.
【答案】D
【解析】句意：下面哪个句子和“雪使孩子感到激动”有一样的句子结构？
考查句子结构。选项A是系表结构；选项B是动宾结构；选项C是双宾语结构；选项D是宾语和宾语补足语结构。所给句子“Snow makes children feel excited”是宾语和宾语补足语结构，其中snow是主语；谓语动词是makes；children是宾语；feel excited是宾语补足语。故选D。
9. — What’s the structure of the sentence “He is flying a kite now.”
— It is ________.
A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+O D. S+V+DO+OC
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——“他正在放风筝”这句话的结构是什么？——它是主谓宾结构。
考查句子结构。分析“He is flying a kite now.”可知，时态是现在进行时，He是主语，is flying是谓语，a kite是宾语，now是时间状语，所以这句话的结构是“主+谓+宾”。故选C。
10. What is the sentence structure of “You can find the answer to the question easily.”
A. S+V+P. B. S+V+DO+OC. C. S+V+IO+DO. D. S+V+O.
【答案】D
【解析】句意：下面哪个是“You can find the answer to the question easily.”的句型结构？
考查基本句型。S+V+P主系表；S+V+DO+OC主谓+直接宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+IO+DO主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+O主谓宾。You是主语，find是谓语动词，the answer to the question是宾语，所以本句符合主谓宾结构，故选D。
11. What is the sentence structure of “I offered my classmates some pink pencils”
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“I offered my classmates some pink pencils”的句子结构是什么？
考查句子结构。I作主语；offered作谓语；my classmates作间接宾语；some pink pencils作直接宾语，因此句子结构为：S+V+IO+DO。故选C。
12. This kind of cake tastes _________.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
【答案】A
【解析】考查系表结构这一语法。Taste 后面直接接形容词。故答案选A。
13. The children all looked _________at the broken model plane and felt quite _________.
A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad
【答案】D
【解析】look at 看着某人。在这里是实义动词。用副词修饰。Feel 后面接形容词。故答案选D。
14. This math problem is _________and I can do it _________.
A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy
【答案】A
【解析】第一空系表结构，用形容词。第二空修饰动词用副词。故答案选A。
基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）
1. —______ does your school have a trip this term
—On January 21.
A. What B. Why C. Who D. When
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你们学校这学期的旅行在什么时候？—— 1月21日。
考查特殊疑问句。What什么 ；Why为什么；Who谁；When何时。根据回答“On January 21.”可知，此处问的是时间，应用when提问，故选D。
2. —_________ homework does he do every day
—About half an hour of homework on each subject.
A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How soon
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——他每天做多少家庭作业？——每门课大约半小时的作业。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多长时间；How often多久一次；How much多少；How soon多久以后。根据“About half an hour of homework on each subject.”可知对家庭作业的量进行提问，用How much。故选C。
3. E-mail is very popular today. People hardly send letters, ________
A. did they B. do they C. didn’t they D. don’t they
【答案】B
【解析】句意：现在电子邮件很受欢迎。人们几乎不发信件了，是吗？
考查反意疑问句。根据“People hardly send letters, ... ”可知，此处是反意疑问句，要遵循“前否后肯，前肯后否”的原则。句中hardly是否定副词，因此反意部分要用肯定形式，排除C、D选项；结合“send”可知，时态是一般现在时，助动词用do。故选B。
4. ________ afraid of making mistakes and just have a try.
A. Don’t being B. Don’t be C. Not be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：不要害怕犯错误，试一试吧。
考查祈使句的否定。根据题干和选项可知，此处是祈使句的否定形式，结构为Don’t+动词原形。故选B。
5. ________fun we had at the party yesterday! Thank you for inviting us.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们昨天在聚会上玩得多开心啊！谢谢你邀请我们。
考查感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导，其构成分别为“What (a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)!”，“How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!”句中“fun”为不可数名词，应用what引导感叹句。故选C。
6. ________ helpful advice you gave us on protecting personal information the other day!
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
【答案】A
【解析】句意：那天你在保护个人信息方面给了我们多么有用的建议啊！
考查感叹句。根据标点可知，此处是感叹句。根据“advice”为不可数名词可知，此感叹句的结构为What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语。故选A。
7. —________ amazing Michael Jackson’s musical talent was!
—Exactly. He was the King of Pop.
A. How B. What C. How an D. What an
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——迈克尔·杰克逊的音乐天赋是多么令人惊叹！——一点儿没错。他是流行音乐之王。
考查感叹句。根据“amazing Michael Jackson’s musical talent was”可知本句中心词是形容词amazing，满足感叹句的结构how+形容词+主谓，故选A。
8. __________ your umbrella, or you’ll catch a cold on such a rainy day.
A. Take B. To take C. Taking D. Taken
【答案】A
【解析】句意：带上你的雨伞，否则在这样的雨天你会感冒的。这是一个祈使句，动词用原形。
9. 　　　　 more books, and you will improve your reading skills.
A. Reading B. Read C . Reads D. To read
【答案】B　
【解析】句意:多读书,你就会提高你的阅读技能。前半句是表示建议、劝告的祈使句。肯定祈使句以动词原形开头。故选B。
10. — ________ have you been a member of the football team
—For two years.
A. How much B. How often C. How many D. How long
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你当足球队队员多久了？——两年了。
考查特殊疑问句。How much多少钱；How often多久一次；How many多少；How long多久。根据答语“For two years.”可知，对时长提问，故选D。
11. He hardly watches TV, ________
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. do he D. don’t he
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他几乎不看电视，是吗？
考查反义疑问句。根据“He hardly watches TV, ...”可知，陈述部分含有否定意义的词“hardly”，故疑问部分应用肯定形式，排除BD选项；再根据主语为“He”，时态是一般现在时，故助动词应用does。故选A。
12.Don’t forget to lock the door, _______
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
【答案】C
【解析】祈使句反义疑问句用will you
13. The sentence structure (结构) of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.” is ________.
A. S+V+DO B. S+V+P C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+IO+DO
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”的句子结构是S+V+DO+OC。
考查句子结构。分析句子可知，Eddie是主语，is watching是谓语，Hobo是宾语，work是宾语补足语。故选C。
14. The sentence structure of “My grandpa always walks his dog in the morning.” is ________.
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+DO+IO D. S+V+DO+OC
【答案】B
【解析】句意：“My grandpa always walks his dog in the morning.”的句子结构是S+V+O。
考查句子结构。分析句子可知，My grandpa作主语，walks作谓语，his dog作宾语，in the morning作时间状语，故句子结构为：主谓宾。故选B。
15. The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes lively.” is _______.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
【答案】B
【解析】句意：“我们的老师总是使他们的课生动活泼”的句式是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语。
考查句子结构。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+P主语+连系动词+表语。根据“Our teachers always make their classes lively.”可知，our teachers作主语；always作状语；make作谓语；their classes作宾语；lively作宾语补足语。故本句属于“S+V+DO+OC”结构。故选B。
16.In my family, my mother is the last one _______.
A. goes to bed B. going to bed C. go to bed D. to go to bed
【答案】D
【解析】不定式用在名词后面，这里作定语。
17.— Mum, can I have something _______
— Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is _________ in the kitchen.
A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else
C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else
【答案】A
【解析】第一句不定式作定语。第二句根据句意用nothing。
18. Little Tom’s ability ____ the piano well surprised his parents.
A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing
【答案】C
【解析】小Tom弹钢琴的能力使父母亲很吃惊。不定式作定语。
19.My sister’s wish is ______ a famous singer.
A. be B. to be C. become D. becomes
【答案】B
【解析】不定式作表语。
20.We need to buy lots of things. _______ money now seems impossible.
A. Save B. Saves C. Saved D. To save
【答案】D
【解析】不定式做主语。现在省钱似乎不可能。
重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）
一、不定式的用法
1. Remember ________ the book in time when you have finished ________ it .
A. to return; reading B. returning; reading
C. returning; to read D. to return; to read
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当你看完书后记住按时还。
考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth“记得去做某事”，remember doing sth“记得做过某事”，根据“Remember...the book in time”可知，句子建议及时还书，事情还未做，第一空用动词不定式to return作宾语，排除B和C；finish doing sth“做完某事”，第二空用动名词reading作宾语。故选A。
2. They stopped ________, but there was no sound.
A. listen B. listening C. to listening D. to listen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们停下来听，但没有声音。stop to do表示停止手头上的事，去做另一件事。stop doing 表示停下来现在做的事，却什么都不做。根据句子but there was no sound. 可知，但没有声音。说明他们是停止手头上的事，去听。没有听到声音。故选D。
3. Don’t make children _______ too much homework.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. did
【答案】C
【解析】make sb. do 省略to 的不定式。不定式作宾语补助语。
4. Every year we see many mums ________ qipao at the school gate to wish their children good luck at the college entrance examination.
A. wear B. wearing C. to wear D. wore
【答案】A
【解析】句意：每年我们都会看到许多妈妈穿着旗袍站在校门口，祝愿孩子在高考中取得好成绩。
考查非谓语动词用法。see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行；see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事，强调全过程。根据“Every year”可知，每年都看见，所以用动词原形，故选A。
5. ________ healthy, we students should exercise and eat more vegetables.
A. To keep B. Keep C. Kept D. Keeping
【答案】A
【解析】句意：为了保持健康，我们学生应该锻炼身体并多吃蔬菜。
考查非谓语动词。根据“...healthy, we students should exercise and eat more vegetables.”可知，空格处应填入一个表示目的的成分，说明“锻炼和吃更多蔬菜”的目的是什么。动词不定式常用来表示目的，因此“To keep healthy”表示“为了保持健康”，符合语境。故选A。
6. It’s time ________ us ________ English lesson.
A. for; to have B. for; have C. of; to have D. of; have
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们该上英语课了。
考查介词及不定式。it’s time for sb to do sth“是某人做某事的时候了”，第一空用介词for后面接人，第二空用不定式形式作真正主语。故选A。
7. There were so many colourful dresses in the shop for women. I couldn’t decide ________.
A. to buy which B. which to buy one C. which one to buy D. to buy which one
【答案】C
【解析】句意：商店里有很多五颜六色的女装。我不知道买哪一件。
考查动词不定式。特殊疑问词后跟to do；而which哪个，限定词，所以which后应加one。故选C。
8. I wonder what else should be paid attention to ________ pollution.
A. reduce B. reducing C. to reduce D. reduces
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我想知道在减少污染方面还应该注意些什么。
考查非谓语动词。pay attention to doing sth./sth.“注意做某事/某事”，本句中to的宾语是what else，此处不缺宾语了，此处用不定式作目的状语，意思是我们应该注意什么去减少污染，故选C。
9. She already knows ________ this afternoon.
A. how to do B. what she can do it C. what to do D. to do
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她已经知道今天下午该做什么了。
考查疑问词+动词不定式。“knows”后缺少宾语；how是关系副词，不能在从句中作成分，所以A选项后缺宾语；what是关系代词，在从句中作成分，所以B选项do后多了宾语it；D选项缺从句引导词；“特殊疑问词+to do”相当于一个宾语从句，故选C。
10. —Do you know Neil Armstrong —Yes, he is the first man ____ on the moon.
A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你知道尼尔阿姆斯特朗吗？——知道，他是第一个漫步月球的人。
考查不定式作定语。walk走路，动词原形；walks走路，动词三单；to walk走路，动词不定式；walked走路，动词过去式或过去分词；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“第一个做某事的……”，英语表达为the first to do sth，在句中动词不定式to walk作定语修饰the first man，故选C。
11. —Wild animals need more people’s help.
—Yes. People working in the reserves are doing everything they can ________ them.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. to saving
【答案】C
【解析】句意：—野生动物需要更多人的帮助。—是的。在保护区工作的人们正在尽一切努力拯救它们。
考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是people，谓语动词是are doing，宾语是everything，那么they can是用来修饰everything的，在句中做定语，那么后面空格部分也是非谓语部分，是在句中做目的状语，修饰doing everything they can，英语中能做目的状语的是动词不定式，所以这里要用动词不定式，故选C。
【点睛】英语中非谓语中能够做目的状语的成分是动词不定式，做题要区分。
12. I have yogurt every day _______ healthy.
A. to keep B. kept C. keeps D. keeping
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我每天喝酸奶来保持健康。
根据句意理解可知，这里表示喝酸奶是为了保持健康，英语中不定式可以做目的状语，所以这里填不定式形式，所以选择A。
二、感叹句
1. —______great progress he has made during the last few months!
—Yes. That’s all because of his hard work.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——过去几个月他取得了多么大的进步！——是的。那都是因为他努力工作。progress为不可数名词，符合“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！”结构，故选A项。
点睛：感叹句通常由what 或 how 引导。现分述如下：
由what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：
1. What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 2. What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! 3. What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：
1. How +形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语! 2. How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
3. How +主语+谓语!”
由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! = What a beautiful girl she is!
What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!
2. ________ heavy smoke it is! The house must be on fire.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：好浓的烟啊！房子一定是着火了。
考查感叹句。smoke前有形容词“heavy”修饰，在句中作不可数名词，smoke是感叹句的中心词，感叹句用“What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！”结构。故选A。
3. —Listen to the birds! Frank.
—Oh, yes. ________ fantastic songs they are singing!
A. How B. What C. What an D. What a
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——-听鸟叫声！弗兰克。——哦，是的，他们唱的是多么美妙的歌曲啊！
根据___fantastic songs they are singing!可知这是一个感叹句，修饰的中心词是一个可数名词复数songs，前面被形容词fantastic修饰，故用what引导。所以选择B。
4. _________the bird is singing!
A. How beautiful B. How beautifully
C. What beautiful D. What beautifully
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这只鸟唱得多美啊！本题考查感叹句。what 修饰名词；how 修饰形容词或副词。beautiful是形容词。beautifully是副词，修饰动词的，此处的sing是动词，因此用副词来修饰，排除A/C。本题的中心词是副词，因此用how来引导感叹句。故选B。
5. ---_____________ the earthquake in Ludian is !
---Yes, we should try our best to help them.
A. What terrible B. How terrible C. How terribly D. What terribly
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——鲁甸的地震多么可怕啊！——是的，我们应该尽力帮助他们。感叹句的基本结构：How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语+其他! What+（a/an）＋(形容词)＋名词＋主语+谓语+其他！terrible形容词，terribly副词。符合How引导的感叹句，is后跟形容词作表语，故答案为B。
【点睛】判断感叹句是由what还是how引导的方法：首先，断句。从句子后面向前看，找到“主语+谓语+其他”部分，把句子断开；其次，观察。观察句子前面剩余部分为名词（词组），还是形容词或副词；再次，加词。若是名词（词组），那么本句是由what（a/an）引导；若是形容词或副词，那么本句就由how 引导。
6. ---_____________bad weather it is ! We can't go to Paris by plane.
---Maybe we can go there next week
A. What a B. How C. What D. How
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——多么糟糕的天气啊！我们不能坐飞机去巴黎。——也许下周我们可以去那儿。。感叹句的基本结构：How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语+其他! What+（a/an）＋(形容词)＋名词＋主语+谓语+其他！题干中的中心词为weather，是不可数名词，bad修饰不可数名词weather，符合What + 形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！故答案选C。
7. --I have been a teacher for two years. -- !
A. What a meaningful experience B. What meaningful experience
C. How a meaningful experience D. How meaningful experience
【答案】A
【解析】句意：-我已经当了两年教师了。-多么有意义的经历啊！本句考察感叹句，感叹句的基本结构：How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语! What+（ a/an）＋(形容词)＋名词＋主语+谓语! How+句子！experience 名词，经历、体验（可数名词）；经验（不可数名词）。本题取可数名词“经历、体验”之意。故选A。
8. _________ you have offered her! She is out of trouble now.
A. What useful advice B. What a useful advice
C. How a useful advice D. How useful advice
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你给她的建议多么有用啊！她现在没有麻烦了。根据you have offered her!可知这里考查了感叹句，本句的中心词是advice，它是一个不可数名词，useful是一个形容词，在这里修饰advice，根据What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！故答案选A。
真题链接（测试时间：15分钟）
1．（25·天津中考）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings.
A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected
【答案】B
【解析】句意：政府正在制定新计划以保护古建筑。
考查非谓语动词。根据“The government is developing new plans...ancient buildings.”可知，制定新计划是为了保护古建筑，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故空格处需用to protect。故选B。
2.（25·福建中考）We will attend the tea festival in our town ________ more about tea culture.
A．learning B．to learn C．learned
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们将参加我们镇上的茶文化节，以进一步了解茶文化。
考查非谓语动词。根据“more about tea culture.”可知，此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故选B。
3.（25·天津中考）5．—Steve, ________ did you begin to learn how to play chess
—About two years ago.
A．what B．when C．why D．where
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——Steve，你什么时候开始学习下棋的？——大约两年前。
考查特殊疑问句。what什么；when什么时候；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“About two years ago.”可知，此处询问时间，用when提问。故选B。
4.（24·广州中考）这是一次多么有意义的经历啊！
experience it is!
【答案】 What a meaningful
【解析】根据题干可知，本句是感叹句，experience是可数名词单数，所以其句型结构为“What +a/an+形容词+可数名单数+主语+谓语”。表达“有意义的”用形容词meaningful，首字母发辅音音素，所以不定冠词用a，故填What；a；meaningful。
5.（23·广州中考）他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！
They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________________________ project it is!
【答案】What a wonderful
【解析】根据题干可知此处是一个感叹句。中心词为可数名词project“项目”，符合结构：What+a/an+形容词+主语+谓语。project是以辅音音素开头，应用a；wonderful“极好的”。故填What a wonderful。
6.（25·广州中考）令我欣喜的是，他们很快就完成了。他们真聪明！
To my joy, they finished it in a short time. they are!
【答案】 How smart/clever/intelligent
【解析】此处作be动词的表语用形容词smart/clever/intelligent“聪明的”，句子是感叹句，中心词是形容词，故用感叹句结构：How adj.+主谓。故填How；smart/clever/intelligent。
7. Tom, ______, or you will miss the school bus. Only five minutes left.
A. hurry up B. to hurry up C. hurrying up D. hurried up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：汤姆，快点，不然你就要错过校车了。只剩五分钟了。
考查祈使句。根据“...or you will miss the school bus.”可知，此处是“祈使句+or+陈述句”的结构，祈使句的肯定形式应以动词原形开头，空处应是hurry up。故选A。
8. Remember ________ off the lights before you go.
A. to turn B. turn C. turns D. turning
【答案】A
【解析】句意：走之前记得关灯。
考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，此句用于提醒对方记得去关灯，表示关灯的动作还未发生，所以此处应用短语remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”，空处应选动词不定式to turn。故选A。
9. Martin is the first English teacher in our school ________ in the west, where he was known as a ________ dictionary in local students’ minds.
A. volunteering; walking B. to volunteer; walked
C. volunteering; walked D. to volunteer; walking
【答案】D
【解析】句意：马丁是我们学校第一位去西部支教的英语老师，在那里他被当地学生称为“活字典”。
考查非谓语动词和形容词用法。第一个空考查非谓语动词作后置定语。the first…to do sth是固定搭配，表示“第一个做某事的人”，因此用to volunteer。第二个空考查形容词作定语。walking dictionary是固定表达，意为“活字典”，表示“知识渊博的人”，因此用walking。故选D。
10. He seemed ________ his homework when his mother came in, but his behavior seemed ________.
A. doing; strangely B. having done; strange C. to be doing; strangely D. to be doing; strange
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当他妈妈进来的时候，他似乎正在做家庭作业，但他的行为似乎很奇怪。
考查非谓语动词及形容词作表语。doing动名词；having done现在分词的完成式；to be doing不定式的进行式；strange形容词“奇怪的”；strangely副词“奇怪地”。seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”，第一空需要填动词不定式，排除选项A和B；seem“似乎”是系动词，其后接形容词作表语，排除选项C。故选D。
11. I regret ________ I can’t help you with it.
A. to say B. say C. to saying D. saying
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我很遗憾地说我不能在这件事上帮你。
考查动词形式辨析。to say动词不定式；say动词原形；to saying表述错误；saying现在分词。regret to say是固定用法，意思是“遗憾地说”，强调提前告知不好的消息；regret doing sth.意思是“后悔做过某事”，强调对已经发生的行为感到后悔。故选A。
12. I think _________ important _________ English every morning.
A. that; keep reading B. it’s; keeping reading
C. that; to keep read D. it; to keep reading
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我认为每天早晨坚持读英语很重要。
考查非谓语动词和it作形式宾语。分析句子结构可知，该句考查句型“主语+think it+形容词+to do sth”，其中it是形式宾语，to do sth是真正的宾语，表达“认为做某事是……的”。keep doing“坚持做某事”，故选D。
13. —David, what do I need ________ for the hiking
—More water ________ usual. It’s hot today.
A. to take; than B. to bring; as C. take; as D. bring; than
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——David，我徒步旅行需要带什么？——比平常更多的水。今天很热。
考查动词不定式和比较级的用法。take带去，拿走；bring带来；than比，超过；as像。根据“what do I need...for the hiking ”可知，对于徒步旅行我需要带什么，这里“take”更符合，即带去（徒步旅行的地方），need to do sth.“需要做某事”，所以这里应该用动词不定式形式；根据“More”可知，第二空应用than。故选A。
14. Simon’s dream is ________ in the Word Cup.
A. to play B. playing C. plays D. play
【答案】A
【解析】句意：西蒙的梦想是参加世界杯。
考查动词不定式的用法。分析题干和选项可知，本句的主语是Simon’s dream，即“西蒙的梦想”，而“参加世界杯”是西蒙梦想的具体内容，所以此处应用动词不定式作表语，用于表示主语的具体内容。故选A。
15. —Look! Can you see some beautiful kites ________ in the sky
—Sure. It’s a wonderful time ________ kites.
A. flying, flying B. fly, flying C. fly, to fly D. flying, to fly
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——看！你能看到一些漂亮的风筝在空中飞吗？——当然。这是放风筝的好时候。
考查非谓语。根据“Look! Can you see some beautiful kites...in the sky ”可知，此处指有一些风筝正飞在空中 ，应是see...doing“看到……正在做某事”，第一空是flying；根据“It’s a wonderful time...kites.”可知，此处指放风筝的好时候，应是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰time，第二空是to fly。故选D。
16. —Excuse me, could you please tell me _______ from here to the airport
—Sure. It’s about 100 km.
A. how far it is B. how long it takes C. how far is it D. how long does it take
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我从这里到机场有多远吗？——当然。大约100公里。
考查宾语从句。“how far”用于询问距离“多远”；“how long”用于询问时间“多久”或者物体长度“多长”。根据回答“It’s about 100 km.”可知，问句是在询问距离，所以用“how far”，选项B和选项D不符合语境，可排除；在宾语从句中，从句要用陈述句语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”的形式，选项C“how far is it”是疑问句语序，排除；选项A“how far it is”是陈述句语序，符合宾语从句的规则。故选A。
17. ________ great fun we have ________ with each other at lunchtime!
A. What; chatting B. How; to chat C. What; to chat D. How; chatting
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们在午餐时间互相聊天真有趣！
考查感叹句和非谓语。根据“great fun”可知，中心词是不可数名词fun，所以第一空用what引导感叹句，排除B项和D项；have fun doing sth“做某事很有趣”，为固定搭配，所以第二空应用动名词形式，排除C项。故选A。
18. There is ________ bread in the fridge. Let us go to buy some, ________
A. little; shall we B. few; shall we C. a few; will you D. some; shall we
【答案】A
【解析】句意：冰箱里几乎没有面包了。让我们去买一些吧，好吗？
考查代词辨析与反意疑问句。little几乎没有，后面接不可数名词；few几乎没有，后面接可数名词复数；a few几个，后面接可数名词复数；some一些，后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词。空一根据“bread”可知，面包是不可数名词，故排除B和C，根据“Let us go to buy some,”可知，此处应表示几乎没有面包了，故用little；空二根据“Let us go to buy some,... ”可知，此处为反意疑问句，问句部分应用shall we。故选A。
19. —There ______ a folk art exhibition in our hometown next month.
—______ exciting news it is!
A. is going to be; What B. will be; What an
C. is going to have; What D. will have; What an
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——下个月我们家乡将有一个民间艺术展。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊！
考查there be句型和感叹句。根据“There...a folk art exhibition in our hometown next month.”可知，本句运用了there be句型，其将来时结构为There will be/There is going to be，排除选项C、D；再根据“news it is”可知，这是what引导的感叹句，“news”为不可数名词，符合“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓”结构。故选A。
20. —________ excellent advice it is! I’m sure to have a wonderful summer vacation.
—I’m so glad that you like it.
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——这是极好的建议！我肯定会有一个美妙的暑假。——我很高兴你喜欢它。
考查感叹句。advice是不可数名词，此处用“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓”结构。故选B。
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