资源简介

(共42张PPT)
Unit 5
A healthy lifestyle
Grammar
能区分可数名词和不可数名词。
能掌握单数可数名词变复数形式的规则。
能掌握不可数名词的量的表达。
能在实际语境中正确使用可数名词和不可数名词。
学习目标
1
2
3
4
什么是名词？
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
Lead in
What is
a noun
Person
Animal
Thing
Place
boy
girl
baby
cat
dog
pig
pen
sun
water
house
school
park
按照名词所表示的事物的性质，
可以把名词分为
可数名词
不可数名词
an apple
a car
two bags
fifty trees
water
money
homework
air
新课讲授
Types of nouns Examples
Countable nouns Singular (单)
Plural (复)
Uncountable nouns
Can you put them into different groups in the following table
pancake
milk
fish
meat
tofu
fruit
vegetables
cakes
sweets
sugar
teeth
什么是可数名词
Countable nouns (可数名词) refer to something we can count.
They have singular forms and plural forms.
可数名词指可用数目来计算的某物。
他们有单数形式和复数形式。
可数名词如何使用？
1. 单数形式一般不单独出现，要与不定冠词、数词、指示代词等连用。
One animal
two animals
I have a world map at home.
There is an article about the Earth.
This plant is beautiful.
These animals are dangerous.
a banana
an egg
当表示单个可数名词时，什么时候用“a”, 什么时候用“an”呢
Look at the countable nouns in the table.
____book ____carrot
____apple ____ice cream
____English book ____old man
____hamburger ____hour
____unit ____umbrella
a
an
a
an
a
an
an
an
a
an
归纳：
a用在______________的单词前，an用在_______________的单词前。
注意：
判断一个单词前用a还是an，要根据其读音，而不是根据首字母。
以辅音音素开头
以元音音素开头
/b/
/k/
/ /
/a /
/ /
/ /
/h/
/a /
/j/
/ /
an umbrella
an unusual story
an unhappy boy
(1)以u开头的单词
a university
a useful book
a unit
(2)以e开头的单词
an egg
a European boy
an honest boy
(3)以h开头的单词
an hour
要特别注意区别以下单词：
2.可数名词的数量大于1，或前面有these/those , some/a lot of
等词修饰时，需用其复数形式。
One animal
two animals
These animals are dangerous.
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
a tree
two trees
a bird
two birds
一般情况下直接在词尾加-s
a bus
two buses
a box
two boxes
a watch
two watches
a brush
two brushes
以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词，在词尾加-es
a baby
two babies
a strawberry
two
strawberries
以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i 再加-es
a monkey
two monkeys
a boy
two boys
以元音(a/e/i/o/u)字母+y结尾的，直接加-s
a radio
two radios
以o结尾的名词，一般加直接加-s
a tomato
three tomatoes
以o结尾的名词，有时加-es
以o结尾加-es的单词主要有：
heroes, potatoes, tomatoes（英雄爱吃土豆西红柿）
a leaf
two leaves
以-f或-fe结尾的名词，把f改成v再加-es
a knife
two knives
以-f或-fe结尾的名词，变成复数时，把-f改成-v再加上-es。
妻子持刀去杀狼，小偷吓得直发慌。
躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。
wife-wives knife-knives wolf-wolves thief-thieves
shelf-shelves self-selves life-lives half-halves
leaf-leaves
这个顺口溜能帮助你哦！
下面这些单词单复同形！
a Chinese
two Chinese
a Japanese
two Japanese
a deer
two deer
a sheep
five sheep
下面这些单词不走寻常路！
a man
three men
a woman
seven women
注意women的发音哦！
[ w m n]
变化规则：a变成e
left foot
feet
a tooth
three teeth
变化规则：oo变成ee
a goose
five geese
a mouse
two mice
a child
five children
千万不要在children后面加s！
1.大多数在词尾直接加s。
2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词, 去掉y,再加ies。
3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词,加es。
4.以o结尾的词,加s或es。
5.以f或fe结尾的词,去掉f或fe,再加ves。
可数名词变复数的规则变化
Summary
可数名词变复数的不规则变化
1.单复数同形
中国人Chinese — Chinese
绵羊sheep — sheep 鹿deer — deer
2.词尾发生变化
孩子child — children
3.改变单词的元音字母
男人man — men 妇女woman — women
牙齿tooth — teeth 脚foot — feet
鹅goose — geese
复合名词（名词十名词）变复数 的规则如下：
①通常只将后一个名词变为复数
boy student -- boy students 男学生
girl friend -- girl friends 女朋友
computer game -- computer games 电脑游戏
②个别复合名词的第一个名词只能用复数
a sports meeting 一个运动会
two clothes shops 两个服装店
③man和woman与其后名词的单复数保持一致
man doctor -- men doctors 男医生
woman teacher -- women teachers女老师
some rubbish
All plants need light and water.
Air has no smell.
Water is important.
Uncountable nouns
(不可数名词)
不可数名词不能以数目来计算，
不可以分割成个体。
不可数名词没有复数形式，
前面也不能用a/an或其他具体的数词来修饰。
我们应该如何表达不可数名词的量呢？
什么是不可数名词
不可数名词量的表达
用much, a lot of, some, little, a little,enough等修饰不可数名词，表示量的多少。
(1) I have much homework to do.
(2) There is a lot of water in the bottle.
(3) There is some rubbish under the tree.
(1) I have a glass of milk for breakfast.
(2) There are two pieces of bread on the table.
(3) Would you like a cup of coffee
用数词+量词+of+不可数名词，表示具体的量。
Match the pictures with the phrases.
a glass of water a packet of salt three cups of tea five cartons of milk a bowl of soup six bottles of juice a piece of cheese four kilos of meat two bags of rice
a piece of cheese
a glass of water
a bowl of soup
a packet of salt
two bags of rice
three cups of tea
four kilos of meat
five cartons of milk
six bottles of juice
一袋盐
一碗汤
一块奶酪
一杯水
两袋米
三杯茶
四千克肉
五盒牛奶
六瓶果汁
“数词+量词+of ”的结构
也可以和可数名词连用。
此时可数名词要用复数。
(1) I bought a bag of apples yesterday.
(2) There are two boxes of eggs on the table.
Pay attention!
There are two pieces of bread on the table.
There are two boxes of eggs on the table.
1. 数词+量词+of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
2. 数词>1，量词要用复数
常考的不可数名词
气体：air, oxygen
液体：water, milk, tea, coffee, juice, soup, oil
食物：food, rice, bread, meat, beef, pork, mutton
其他：time, money, homework, housework, advice, weather, information, furniture, pollution
A Millie and Simon are talking about food for a class party. Complete their conversation with the help of the pictures.
Millie: What food do we need for our class party, Simon
Simon: Let's get some (1) ____________ , some (2) ____________ and some (3) ____________ .
Millie: Sounds good. Maybe we should get some (4) ____________ and (5) ____________ too!
Simon: I like that idea! And for people with a sweet tooth, we can also get some (6) ____________ and (7) ____________ !
Millie: OK. Now, what about drinks
Simon: Hmm, we need 40 (8) ____________ and 10 (9) ____________ .
cartons of juice
apples
oranges
bananas
cakes
bread
sweets
chocolate
bottles of water
Practice
用下面的句型描述图片:
There is/are ____________ on the table.
There is a glass of milk on the table.
There are two bags of apples on the table.
There are three pieces of bread on the table.
可数名词与不可数名词的量的表达的区别
可数名词：
①可用具体的数词修饰，如：two books.
② 可用some，any，few，a few，many，a lot of / lots of来修饰名词，
如：some books，a few oranges。
不可数名词：
①不可用具体的数词修饰，但可借助计量单位词表示一定的数量，其形式为“a/an/数词+计量单位词+of+不可数名词”，如：four kilos of beef。
② 可用some，any，little，a little，much，a lot of / lots of来修饰 名词，如：some water，a little money。
课堂总结
作主语时，谓语动词的形式
可数名词：
①可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A boy is flying a kite in the park.
②可数名词复数或两个（及两个以上的）可数名词单数并列作主语时，
谓语动词用复数形式。
Three boys are playing football in the playground.
An apple and a banana are my today’s dinner.
不可数名词：
①不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The apple juice tastes nice.
②如果不可数名词前有计量单位词修饰，则由计量单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
A piece of paper is enough for me.
Two bags of rice are too heavy for Jack.
并列的不同的两个不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Water and milk are important for our bodies.
对名词的（数）量进行提问
可数名词：
用how many 对可数名词的数量进行提问。
— How many books do you want to borrow
— Only two.
不可数名词：
用how much 对不可数名词的量进行提问。
— How much meat do you want
— One kilo.
另外：
How much (money) is the book 这本书多少钱？
Homework
Talk with your partner about what food you need for a class party, using countable and uncountable nouns.

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