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选必一Unit 4 Body Language 单元词句讲义
Marie Zhang
词性转换
vary v.（根据情况）变化；改变→ variable adj. 易变的，多变的；可变的 n. 变量 →varied adj. 多变的；形形色色的 → variance n. 变化幅度；差额 →various adj. 各种各样的 → variety n. 品种；多样化
approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过→approval n. 批准；赞成；同意
employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用→employment n. 使用；雇用
interpret vt. 把…理解（解释）为 vi.&vt. 口译→interpreter n. 口译人员；口译者 → interpretation n. 解释，说明；诠释；表演；演奏
differ vi. 相异；不同于→different adj. 不同的；相异的→difference n. 差异；不同
infer vt. 推断；推论；推理 → inference n. 推断；推断结果, 结论
reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的→rely v. 依靠；依赖；相信 → reliance n. 依靠, 依赖
nonverbal adj. 不涉及言语的；非言语的→verbal adj. 言语的
assessment n. 评定；评价→assess v. 评估；评价
internal adj. 内部的；里面的 →internalize vt. 使内在化 → internalization n. 内在化→ external adj. 外部的 → externalize vt. 使表露出来 → externalization n. 外在化
tendency n. 倾向；趋势→ tend v. 倾向于；往往会；照料→ tendential adj. 有倾向的；趋势性的
imply v. 暗示；意味着→ implication n. 暗示；暗指；潜在影响/后果
occupy v.占据；使忙于；占领→ occupation n. 职业；占用；占领→ occupied adj. 已占用的；忙碌的；被占领的 → occupational adj. 职业的；与工作相关的
distract vt. 使分心；转移注意力→ distraction n. 分心的事物；注意力分散→ distracting adj. 使人分心的；干扰的 → distracted adj. 分心的；注意力不集中的
perceive vt. 察觉；感知；理解 → perception n. 感知；看法；认识→ perceptive adj. 观察力敏锐的；有洞察力的
distinguish vt. 区分；辨别；使出众→ distinction n. 差别；区分；荣誉 → distinctive adj. 独特的；有辨识度的→ distinguished adj. 杰出的；著名的
anxiety n. 焦虑；担忧 → anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的
embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassed adj. 令人难堪的→ embarrass v. 使…难堪；使…尴尬 → embarrassment n.
ashamed adj. 羞愧的；惭愧的→shame n. 羞愧；惭愧；令人惭愧的事情
inquire vt. 询问；打听；调查→ inquiry n. 调查；询问；咨询→ inquirer n.询问者；调查者
adjust vt. 调整；调节；适应→ adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应→ adjustable adj. 可调整的；可调节的
intervene vi.干预；介入；干涉→ intervention n.干预；介入；干涉→ intervener n.干预者；介入者
react vi.（对…）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应→reaction n. 反应；回应
重点语块
Reading and Thinking (P38-39)
express our thoughts and opinions in interactions between…and…
在…和…互动中表达我们的思想和观点
vary from culture to culture因文化而异
be appropriate to/for 合适
by contrast (to/with…) (与…)形成对比
show a sharp / stark / striking contrast with 与某事物形成鲜明/明显/显著的对比
approve of sb/sth 赞成 / 同意
make / maintain / avoid eye contact
进行/保持/避开眼神交流
be socially permitted to do sth
在社会层面被允许做某事
demonstrate respect (for sb/sth) 展现(对…的)尊重
demonstrate how to do sth
示范 / 演示如何做某事
witness another person employing the gesture 看到另一个人使用这个手势
witness sb doing sth;
be a witness to sth ……的目击者
encounter an identical gesture
碰到一模一样的手势
be identical to /with 与……相同
interpret sth as… 把……理解为/解释为
by/in comparison (with sb/sth) (与……)相比较【when compared with sb/sth】
have the opposite meaning 有相反的意思
favour doing sth 倾向于/比较喜欢做某事【dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事】
bow from the waist 躬身行礼
move your hand in circles over your stomach 用手在肚子上打圈
have butterflies (in your stomach)
(做某事前)心慌，紧张
get through difficult situations 度过困境
break down barriers (to sth)消除障碍/壁垒
suggest smiling at yourself 建议对自己微笑
feel down or lonely 感到情绪低落或孤独
Learning about language
in favour of 支持
witness the whole incident 目睹整个突发事件
frown at sb/sth 皱眉
frown on/upon sb/sth 不赞成
his lack of eye contact 缺乏眼神交流
lack confidence 缺乏自信
straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
make assessments and inferences about body language 对肢体语言进行评估与推断
break down our feelings of shyness and powerlessness 消除我们的羞怯感与无力感
intend to do sth打算做某事
end up calling on Professor Zhang 最终去拜访了张教授 (end up doing sth)
Using Language (P42-45)
be confident about/of sth 自信
clarify misunderstandings 澄清误解
give clarification 给予解释；说明
make sense 有道理；讲得通
draw a conclusion 得出结论
in other words 换句话说
have contact with the world 与世界保持联系
conceal / disclose their thoughts 隐藏 / 表露他们的想法
what makes sb tick知道使某人这样做的原因
tend to /have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in 往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西
have one’s head lowered 低头
be afraid of being called on by the teacher 害怕被老师点名
infer that there are deeper issues at work推断有更严重的问题(at work有某种影响/起作用)
react to body language 对肢体语言做出回应
Assessing Your Progress (P46)
interact with sb 与……交流
be interpreted as 理解为
cause embarrassment and uneasiness造成尴尬和不安
rob sb of sth 抢走某人的某物
fish in troubled waters浑水摸鱼/趁火打劫
重点句子
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.（P38）我们在与他人的互动中使用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的想法和观点。
解析：句子的主干是 “We use both words and body language”，“to express our thoughts and opinions” 是动词不定式作目的状语，“in our interactions with other people” 是介词短语作地点状语。
The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.（P38）
关键是要以一种适合你所处文化的方式使用肢体语言。
解析：“The crucial thing” 是句子的主语，“is” 是谓语动词，“using body language in a way” 是动名词短语作表语。“that is appropriate to the culture you are in” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “way”，其中 “you are in” 也是定语从句，修饰 “culture”。
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.（P38）
相比之下，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
解析：“In other countries” 和 “by contrast” 都是介词短语作状语，“eye contact” 是句子的主语，“is not always approved of” 是谓语动词，使用了被动语态。
In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.（P38）在日本，看到另一个人使用这种手势的人可能会认为这意味着金钱。
解析：“In Japan” 是介词短语作状语，“someone” 是句子的主语，“who witnesses another person employing the gesture” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “someone”。“might think” 是谓语动词，“it means money” 是宾语从句。
Scientists have found that when we feel proud and powerful, we usually strengthen up to make ourselves bigger. By contrast, when we feel powerless, we tend to slump, making ourselves smaller. (P40)
科学家发现，当我们感到骄傲和强大时，我们通常挺直身体，显得自己的块头更大。相比之下，当我们感到无力时，我们往往会瘫软下来，身形随之缩小。
句子结构分析：第一个句子是复合句 found 后接 that 引出的宾语从句，而宾语从句中又包含了 when 引出的时间状语从句。第二个从句也是复合句 when，引出时间状语从句，主句另包含一个作结果状语的动词的-ing形式的结构，说明身体瘫软产生的效果。
With their chins on their hands, they occupied themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 他们托着下巴，忙着盯着窗外或天花板。
with their chance on their hands 是由一个 “with+宾语+补足语构成”的复合结构。这种结构在句子当中主要用作状语表示，伴随原因、条件、时间、方式等。例如
she said goodbye with tears in her eyes. || The main was asleep with his head on his arms. || He often sleeps with the windows open.
occupy 在这里的意思是“占有” Football occupies most of my leisure time. || She occupied herself in writing a novel last year.
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.（P43）
虽然很容易察觉学生何时感兴趣、无聊或分心，但有时要辨别学生何时有困扰却难得多。
解析：“While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted” 是让步状语从句，其中 “it” 是形式主语，真正的主语是 “to perceive …”，“when students are interested, bored, or distracted” 是宾语从句。“it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled” 是主句，其中 “it” 是形式主语，真正的主语是 “to distinguish …”，“when students are troubled” 是distinguish的宾语从句。

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