资源简介

(共27张PPT)
Unit 1
Discovering Useful Structures
Lead in
n.
vi. / vt.
adj.
adv.
prep.
conj.
art.
num.
N. Phrase
V. Phrase
Adj. Phrase
Adv. Phrase
S+P
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+O+C
(+A)
单词
短语
句子
e.g. Grammatical Cloze
e.g. Reading/Writing/Speaking
Lead in
Lead in
Use phrases to describe the picture
This is a baby.
This is a cute baby.
The baby is quite cute.
The baby cries very bitterly.
短语的定义:
短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。
Lead in
Which one is the phrase
Adam can't speak Chinese quite fluently.
volunteer
a good volunteer
Adam is a good volunteer.
confusing
a little confusing
The homeless thank the good volunteer for his help.
The good volunteer is Adam.
The first week is a little confusing .
A little confusing week made Adam a little confused.
fluently
quite fluently
NP(Noun Phrase)
AdjP(Adjective phrase)
AdvP(Adverb Phrase)
word group with a noun as its head word.
以名词为中心词的词组称名词词组
word group with an adjective as its head word.以形容词为中心词的词组称形容词词组
word group with an adverb as its head
word.以副词为中心词的词组称副词词组
a good volunteer
a little confusing
quite fluently
Lead in
Types Features Functions Example
名词短语 None Phrase (NP) （限定词）+（形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词）+名词+（介词短语） 在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补语。
形容词短语Adjective Phrase (AdjP) （副词）+形容词+（介词短语） 在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补语。
副词短语 （副词）+副词 在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
suitable course, the school adviser, the team, the other students, advanced course
a little confusing, really big, a bit worried
very carefully, well enough, much harder
Lead in
a freshman at senior high school
a really big challenge
the school football team
a soup kitchen
homeless people in the community
Noun
_____Phrase
构成：
(限定词)+(形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词)+名词+(介词短语)
freshman
challenge
team
kitchen
people
限定词:
冠词(a,an,the),
指示代词(this,that,these等),
形容词性物主代词(my,your,his等)
不定代词(some,no,neither等)

名词短语（NP)
Phrases are used to make and expand the word.
Agirl with brown hair
and a round face who is wearing a red hood
A girl with a round
face who is wearing a
hood
Little Red Riding Hood
A girl with a round
face who is wearing
a red hood
A girl with a round face
Who is she
名词短语（NP)
一个名词短语如果有多个词修饰该怎么办？
多个形容词排序口诀：美小圆旧黄,法国木书房
a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study
多个形容词排序：
限定描绘大长高，
形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍跟材料，
用途类别往后靠。
注意： 多个形容词修饰同一名词时顺序：限定词（代词性形容词）+数量形容词（序数词，基数词）+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、高低、形状+新旧、老幼、温度+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+被修饰名词
名词短语（NP)
构成：
① adj. + n. /n. + adj.
homeless people 无家可归的人 people present at the meeting 出席会议的人们
② n. + n.
the school football team 校足球队 a woman doctor 一名女医生
③ n. + and + n.
teachers and students 老师和学生
④ v.-ing + n. / n. + v.–ing
a sitting room 起居室 students reading in the classroom 在教室读书的学生
⑤ -ed + n. /n. + -ed
fallen leaves 落叶 photos taken by Mike 迈克拍的照片
⑥ n. + to do
the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要召开的会议
⑦ n. + 介词短语
the safety of all the students 所有学生的安全
⑧ 限定词 + n.
my schedule 我的时间表 an English book 一本英语书
The big house was brightly decorated for the holidays.
I want a cute puppy for Christmas.
He is my best friend.
We found him a very clever boy.
宾语
主语
表语
宾补
NP
(冠) + (adj.) + n.
主/宾/表/宾补
名词短语（NP)
really quite important
very difficult
be well prepared for university
old enough
_________Phrase
Adjective
word group with an adj. as its head word
important
difficult
prepared
old
构成：
（副词性短语/副词）+ 形容词 +（介词短语/enough）

形容词短语（AdjP)
构成：
① adj. +and/but/or + adj.
large and beautiful 大而美的 small but practical 小但实用的
② adv. 修饰 adj. 构成形容词短语
extremely cold 极其寒冷 very suitable非常合适的
③ adj. + 介词
full of 充满 similar to 与……相似 different from 与……不同
④ adj. + 不定式
anxious to know 急于知道…… delighted to do 高兴做……
形容词短语（AdjP)
The cost of the car was too high
The very small kitten jumped at the big dog.
She wanted to paint her room light yellow.
Much surprise, he agreed to give it a try.
I tried very hard to catch up with her but she thought I was a sucker.
副词短语
AdjP
定/表/宾补/状语
(adv.) + adj.
定语
表语
宾补
(adv.) + adv.
形容词短语（AdjP)
状语
think very carefully about···
well enough
_______ Phrase
Adverb
word group with an adverb as its head word
副词性短语构成：（副词）+ 副词+ (enough)
think carefully about···
well

副词短语（AdvP)
构成：
① 两个或多个副词可以由and、but等连接构成副词短语。
I tried again and again.
② very、extremely等程度副词可作修饰语，与其他副词构成副词短语。
He runs extremely fast.
③ 介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，与副词构成副词短语。
He went on studying deep into the night yesterday.
副词短语（AdvP)
very 很，非常;
quite 非常;
rather 相当;
so 如此;
too 太;
absolutely 完全地;
definitely 肯定地;
almost 几乎;
nearly几乎;
enough 充足地;
entirely 完全地;
completely 彻底地;
totally 完全地;
fully 完全地;
extremely 极其;
fairly相当;
greatly 很;
little 少许,一点;
much 很;
pretty 非常;
really 很,等等。
副词短语（AdvP)
几乎所有的程度副词都可以用来修饰副词,构成“副词短语”
AdvP
(adv.) + adv.
副词短语（AdvP)
状
1. I think my life in the future will be great, so I must study quite hard now.
2. This pair of shoes is far too suitable for me.
作状语，修饰动词
作状语，修饰形容词
He didn’t want to hand in his homework.
The plane took off at seven sharp.
He sang and danced..
The gang robbed her of her necklace.
We are all looking forward to your party.
v. + prep.
v. + adv.
v. + v.
v. + prep.
v. + adv. +prep.
VP
v.+ v.
情态动词/助动词 + v.
v. + (adv.)
v. + (prep.)
谓语/非谓语
助动词+v.
动词短语（VP)
VP
NP
(冠) + (adj.) + n.
主/宾/表/宾补
AdjP
定/表/宾补/状
(adv.) + adj.
AdvP
(adv.) + adv.
状
谓语/非谓语
v.+ v.
情态动词/助动词 + v.
v. + (adv.)
v. + (prep.)
总结（Summary)
The first week was a little confusing.
The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate.
The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
Find and mark the phrases.
Noun Phrase
(NP)
Adjective Phrase
(AdjP)
Adverb Phrase (AdvP)
Verd Phrase
VP
练习（Practice)
③ The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
① The first week was a little confusing.
NP: 主语
AdjP: 表语
② The building is so big that I’m completely lost.
NP: 主语
AdjP: 表语
AdjP: 表语
NP: 主语
NP: 宾语
Find and mark the phrases.
练习（Practice)
④ Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate.
⑤ The new coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.
⑥ My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
NP: 主语
NP: 主语
AdvP: 状语
NP: 宾语
AdvP: 状语
AdjP: 表语
AdvP: 状语
NP: 主语
原创
Find and mark the phrases.
练习（Practice)
As to extra-curricular activities, I won’t quit football..（属于______；在句中作__________）
The bottle is full of water. （属于______；在句中作__________）
He is a bit worried about that. （属于______；在句中作__________）
I find the problem much more confusing. （属于______；在句中作_________）
I really need some Chinese storybooks. （属于______；在句中作_________）
He always sings pretty well. （属于______；在句中作__________）
Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. （属于______；在句中作_________）
NP
宾语
AdjP
AdjP
AdjP
VP
AdvP
NP
表语
表语
宾补
谓语
状语
表语
练习（Practice)
Answer the questions using the phrases in brackets.
1　How soon do you think you’ll finish your homework （pretty soon）
I’ll finish my homework pretty soon. AdvP
2　What do you think of your new teachers （very nice and patient）
My new teachers are very nice and patient. AdjP
3　How many clubs have you joined this year （two clubs）
I have joined two clubs this year. NP
4　How well does Rita play the violin We need a new violinist in our music club. （quite well）
Rita plays the violin quite well. AdvP
5 What did your adviser say about the advanced literature course （too difficult but very interesting）
My adviser said that the advanced literature course was too difficult but very interesting. AdjP
练习（Practice)
Thanks

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