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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025春 广东期末） The threat of language extinction isn't new.But there are ways to save at﹣risk languages，as well.For the past two decades，Garifuna artists have used a cultural foundation—dance music—to inspire young Garifuna people to learn and share their native language.
Much of the Garifuna people's history is passed down not just by words，but by song and dance，such as the jankunu.Elements of the Garifuna culture—including music，dance，and language—were listed as a UNESCO Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2001.Around the same time，Garifuna musicians and cultural activists put forward a plan：to create songs entirely in Garifuna to unite young Garifuna people to learn the language.
Palacio，a leader in the cultural movement，gathered Garifuna musicians across Central America to form the Garifuna Collective band in 2007.Their Garifuna lyrics sent a powerful message：it's time to defend our culture.After multiple world tours and international music awards， "The Garifuna Collective put Garifuna on the international map，and we are optimistic about it，"said Palacio.Although Palacio passed away in 2008，his songs，and the works of Garifuna musical activists across Central America，lit a cultural flame for Garifuna people worldwide.
Musician Lovell adopted the language at the age of 16 to follow in the footsteps of his favorite Garifuna musician and cultural revivalist.Lovell became part of a larger grassroots（基层） effort to teach the language in New York.Increasingly，many Garifuna language lessons are now available online.
Another set of musicians were inspired by Palacio' s message，such as the founders of Battle of the Drums，an international music competition in Belize.This famous staff helps elementary and high schools in Belize teach the Garifuna culture and language through music—a strategy borrowed by other language professors who teach Garifuna through songs.
Will music save the Garifuna language？Garifuna remains on UNESCO' s endangered﹣language list which was last updated in 2010.It seems that this kind of revival is a long，multi﹣generational road.
（1）Why did artists plan to create songs entirely in Garifuna？ 　 　
A.To save their language.
B.To refresh their dance.
C.To gain international fame.
D.To promote their music.
（2）What can we infer about Palacio from paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.He saved their language successfully.
B.He contributed to defending his country.
C.He played a crucial role in the movement.
D.He founded the most popular band at that time.
（3）What can we learn from the examples in paragraphs 4 and 5？ 　 　
A.All roads lead to Rome.
B.Where there is a will，there is a way.
C.Music goes beyond boundaries.
D.One person can make a difference to another.
（4）What's the author's attitude towards the future of Garifuna language？ 　 　
A.Uncertain
B.Optimistic
C.Pessimistic
D.Unconcerned
2．（2025春 眉山期末） Traditional Ecological Knowledge （TEK） refers to the wisdom that native peoples have built up over many years by living closely with nature.This knowledge includes understanding the relationships between plants，animals，and the land.It guides important activities like hunting，farming，and taking care of forests.Unlike modern science，which often divides things into small parts and study them，TEK looks at the whole picture and sees people as a part of nature，not apart from it.
TEK brings together practical skills and cultural beliefs that are passed down from one generation to the next.This way of thinking helps communities use resources wisely and adapt to changes in the environment while keeping everything in balance.TEK is not fixed；it changes and grows as the environment changes，making it a living and flexible（灵活的） system.
In the past，TEK has made important contributions to the development of biology，though this is not always noticed.For instance，the 17th﹣century botanist George Rumphius used local biological knowledge when writing his plant book.Later，Carl Linnaeus used Rumphius's findings to help create his system for classifying（分类） plants and animals.Even Charles Darwin learned from local biological knowledge of people he encountered during his studies.
In America，C.Hart Merriam，a famous naturalist and founder of the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service，spent many years talking with Native Americans and documenting what they knew about nature，their language，and customs，just as he did with his research of wildlife.His work showed how useful TEK is for understanding nature.
Today，more and more people realize TEK is very important for solving environmental problems.When the natural world is harmed，local people's traditional knowledge about what the area used to be like can help it recover.TEK also gives helpful information about animals and climate change，which allows us to make better plans to protect them.All of this proves that TEK gives us valuable ideas for caring for the environment in our modern world.
（1）Which of the following reflects the idea of TEK？ 　 　
A.Man is the master of nature.
B.All parts of nature are connected.
C.Nature rewards hard work.
D.The strongest survive in nature.
（2）What is a key characteristic of TEK according to paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.It gives priority to practical skills.
B.It focuses on mineral resources.
C.It adapts to the changing environment.
D.It comes from fixed ancient wisdom.
（3）What can we know about C.Hart Merriam？ 　 　
A.He discovered new animal species.
B.He actively helped local communities.
C.He contributed to wildlife classification.
D.He recorded Native Americans' TEK.
（4）Why is TEK considered valuable today？ 　 　
A.It gives us the latest data of nature.
B.It helps us take better care of nature.
C.It informs us of news on natural disasters.
D.It offers us successful natural protection plans.
3．（2025 湖北模拟） Neurons（神经元） have historically been the cell most associated with memory.But far outside the brain，kidney（肾） cells can also store information and recognize patterns in a similar way to neurons，researchers report November 7 in Nature Communications.
In experiments，the kidney cells showed signs of a"massed﹣space effect".This well﹣known feature of how memory works in the brain facilitates storing information in small groups over time，rather than a big group at once.
In neurons，when a chemical signal passes through，the cell starts producing CREB，a protein central to memory processing.The protein then turns on more genes that further change the cell，kick﹣starting the molecular（分子的） memory machine.Kukushkin and colleagues set out to determine whether CREB in non﹣neuronal cells responds to incoming signals the same way.
The researchers implanted an artificial gene into human kidney cells，which included instructions for producing a glowing protein found in fireflies（萤火虫）.The team then watched the cells respond to artificial chemical pulses that copy the signals that activate the memory activation pathways in neurons."Depending on how much light the glowing protein produces，we know how strongly that memory gene was turned on，"Kukushkin says.
"This massed﹣space effect has never been seen outside a brain，"Kukushkin says."But we propose that if you give non﹣brain cells complicated enough tasks，they may also be able to form a memory."
Neuroscientist Ashok Hegde finds the study interesting as it applies a neuroscience principle broadly to understand gene expression in non﹣neuronal cells.But it's unclear how applicable the findings are to other kinds of cells，says Hegde.Still，he says this research may someday help with the search for potential drugs to treat human disease，especially those where memory loss occurs.
"Maybe we can think of cancer cells as having memories，and think about what they can learn from the pattern of treatment，"Kukushkin says. "Maybe we need to consider not just how much drug we are giving a person，but what is the time pattern of that drug，just as we think about how to learn more efficiently."
（1）What can we learn about the"massed﹣space effect？ 　 　
A.It helps form long﹣term memory in brain cells.
B.It enhances memory processing in kidney cells.
C.It contributes to storing information in large units.
D.It demonstrates how memory functions in the brain.
（2）Why did researchers use a glowing protein from fireflies？ 　 　
A.To test the chemical resistance of cells.
B.To visualize the structure of kidney cells.
C.To track the activation level of memory genes.
D.To copy the memory activation signals in neurons.
（3）What is Kukushkin's main suggestion for cancer treatment？ 　 　
A.Adopting shorter medication cycles.
B.Finding efficient learning strategies.
C.Increasing the total amount of drug.
D.Designing the treatment schedule of drug.
（4）What is the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.The Massed﹣Space Effect of Neurons.
B.Kidney Cells' Capability to Store Memory.
C.The Discovery of a New Protein in Kidney Cells.
D.The Role of CREB Protein in Memory Processing.
4．（2025 湖北二模） Killer whales hunt fish with sounds as clicks and buzzes﹣they choose and chase their prey with sound waves.But a common feature of modern ocean life may be like a salmon's invisible cloak（隐形斗篷），making the whales' favorite meal harder to find.What is to blame？Boat traffic noise.
Ocean noise has been increasing over the years，and an international research team recently reported in Global Change Biology that when the water got too noisy，whales spent more time looking for food but caught fewer fish.The study tracked every move and sound that individual killer whales made，as well as the sound reaching those whales.This is the first time scientists have linked noise reaching a given killer whale to their foraging（觅食） success，says lead author Jennifer Tennessen.
The noise problem is one that Tennessen views as chronic，yet possibly more straightforward to fix than declining fish populations or pollution﹣ships could simply slow down to make less noise.Fortunately，with the guidance of both governmental and nongovernmental groups，some ship operators are slowing down.
The Vancouver Fraser Port Authority in Canada reported in 2023 that 87 percent of ships slowed or moved over for southern resident whales in critical habitat，which led to a decrease of 4.2 decibels（分贝） compared to 2019，before slowdowns began.Washington ports and other local authorities join in a program of voluntary slowdowns in Washington waters called Quiet Sound，which offers information on killer whale locations.About 70 percent of ships follow Quiet Sound's guidelines and voluntarily slow down in killer whale critical habitat.
The talk about innovations in propeller（螺旋桨） technology is also positive.A propeller，for example，is based on a design for a quieter drone propeller.If claims of a more efficient and quieter boat propeller are true，that's good news for both reducing fuel use and quieting traffic.
Tennessen says increasing ship noise is a problem in oceans around the world."We're finally able to measure the impacts that it's having on wildlife，"she says，"and we're finding that the impacts are numerous."
（1）Why does the author mention a salmon's invisible cloak？　 　
A.To introduce the feature of sound waves.
B.To describe the environment in whales' hunting.
C.To emphasize the invisibility of salmons' cloak.
D.To demonstrate the characteristic of whales' hunting.
（2）What do the statistics indicate in paragraph 4？　 　
A.Noise reduction is ineffective.
B.Ship operators ignore guidelines.
C.Quiet Sound prioritizes noise monitoring.
D.Voluntary slowdowns lead to noise reduction.
（3）What is the significance of propeller technology innovations？　 　
A.To address noise issues.
B.To reduce fuel efficiency.
C.To follow Quiet Sound's guidelines.
D.To help measure influences on wildlife.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？　 　
A.Ships Slow Down for Whales
B.Boat Noise Clouds Whale Foraging
C.Killer Whales Battle Noise Pollution
D.Technology Innovations Silence Propellers
5．（2025 云安区模拟） For years，Egyptologists have debated how the massive pyramids of ancient Egypt were built over 4，000 years ago.A new theory by engineers and geologists suggests a hydraulic （液压的） lift device that used stored water to float the heavy stones up through the middle of Egypt's oldest pyramid.
The Step Pyramid，built for Pharaoh Djoser around the 27th century BCE，was the tallest structure of its time，standing about 62 meters tall.Despite numerous discussions on pyramid﹣building techniques，how these massive stones，some weighing 300 kilograms，were moved remains a mystery.According to a study，a hydraulic lift system consistent with the pyramid's internal architecture could explain its construction.
The research team proposed that ancient streams from the west of the Saqqara plateau flowed into deep﹣water trenches and tunnels surrounding the Step Pyramid.These waters would have filled the Gisrel﹣Mudir，a massive limestone structure acting as a dam to control and store floodwater.This water could have powered a hydraulic lift within the pyramid's vertical shaft （竖井），raising heavy stones.
Although the theory is innovative，some Egyptologists remain unconvinced.A more widely accepted theory is that ramps and haulage （货运） devices were used to position the heavy blocks Dr.David Jeffreys of University College London argues that the ancient climate may not have supported such a hydraulic system，as it required more rainfall than was likely available.
The study's authors acknowledged that the hydraulic lift system might not have been permanently filled with water but rather operated during periods of flash floods.More research is needed to understand the rainfall and flooding during that era.Past studies have also explored the Nile's role in pyramid construction.A previous study suggested a dried﹣up branch of the river has been used to transport limestone blocks.While there is evidence that ancient Egyptians used scaffolding （脚手架） and mud﹣brick ramps，there is no documentation of a water﹣powered lift.
Despite the lack of definitive evidence，the hydraulic lift theory offers a fresh perspective on how the ancient Egyptians could have accomplished such a monumental feat.Further research may uncover more about the methods used to build these iconic structures.
（1）Which is a possible method for building the pyramids according to the passage？ 　 　
A．Using a hydraulic lift device.
B．Using scaffolding and mud﹣brick ramps.
C．Using only slopes and transport devices.
D．Using the Nile River to transport limestone blocks.
（2）What did the hydraulic lift system in the pyramid rely on to function？ 　 　
A．Water transported by slaves.
B．Continuous water from the Nile.
C．Rainfall from the Saqqara plateau.
D．Ancient streams and water stored in a dam.
（3）Why are some Egyptologists unconvinced by the hydraulic lift theory？ 　 　
A．They prefer traditional methods.
B．There is no archeological evidence.
C．The ancient climate can't sustain the hydraulic system.
D．Ancient Egyptians lacked the technology for such a system.
（4）What can be inferred from paragraph 5？ 　 　
A．The ancient climate can support the hydraulic system.
B．Ancient Egyptians only used ramps and scaffolding.
C．The evidence of water﹣powered lifts has been found.
D．The Nile River was essential for transporting blocks.
6．（2025 新泰市校级二模） When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928，he found a bacteria culture he had grown was infected by fungus（霉菌），killing any colonies it touched.Rather than simply starting over，Fleming switched his focus to the fungus.He identified the bacteria﹣killing substance，which he called"penicillin，"and seemingly in a single stroke，created the new field of antibiotics（抗生素）.
That's how most people see innovation：A flash of brilliance and Eureka!，a new world is born.The truth，however，is messier.It wasn't until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread use.
To put Fleming's discovery in context，consider Ignaz Semmelweis，who pioneered hand washing in maternity wards（产房），significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn instead of fame.That was because in the 1850s，his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory，which attributed disease to"bad airs."After his death in 1865，germ theory was accepted，paving the way for Fleming's later work.
Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator.When he published his results in 1929，few took notice.In 1935，Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming's paper，understood its importance，and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity.By 1943，with World War II raging，the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass﹣produce penicillin，saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics.Fleming，Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin owes much of its success to government support.For many other groundbreaking innovations like the Internet and GPS，their innovators，while carving their own path，are often uncertain of where the opportunity lies until they team up with other visionaries and corporations，who might have the resources to fast﹣track their ideas.So，look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius and the"eureka moment"breaks down.
（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？ 　 　
A.An account of a lab story.
B.Redefinition of a traditional view.
C.Correction of a popular misconception.
D.An analysis of a scientific phenomenon.
（2）What is the message conveyed in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.Great minds think alike.
B.The early bird catches the worm.
C.Luck's got your back when it comes to success.
D.Early work is a stepping stone to later breakthroughs.
（3）What does the underlined part"ushering in"in the paragraph 4 mean？ 　 　
A.Delaying.
B.Introducing.
C.Predicting.
D.Transforming.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title？ 　 　
A.Great Innovations：Individuals Are True Heroes.
B.From Failure to Success：The Story of Penicillin.
C.The Lone Genius：Fleming's Discovery of Penicillin.
D.The Long Road to Penicillin：How Innovation Happens.
7．（2025 河南模拟） It appears that language can have a fascinating effect on the way we think about time and space.A growing number of experts believe language can influence how we think just as our thoughts and culture can shape how language develops.
Cognitive scientist Lera Boroditsky，one of the pioneers of research into how language influences our thoughts，has shown that in English and many other European languages，people typically view the past as being behind us and the future in front of us.But in Aymara，spoken by the Aymara people who live in the Andes in Bolivia，Chile，Peru and Argentina，the word for future means "behind time".And when the Aymara talk about the future，they tend to make backward gestures，whereas people who speak Spanish，for example，view the future as being ahead of them and make forward gestures.
Languages also encode time in their grammar.In English，for ex﹣ ample，the future is one of three simple tenses，along with the past and the present ﹣we say "it rained"，"it rains"and"it will rain".But in German，you can say Morgen regnet，which means"it rains tomorrow"﹣you don't need to build the future into the grammar.The same is true for many other languages，including Mandarin（普通话）.
But does this affect how we think？In 2013，Keith Chen，a behavioral economist at the University of California，Los Angeles，set out to test whether people who speak languages that are "futureless"might feel closer to the future than those who speak other languages.And he discovered that speakers of futureless languages were more likely to engage in future﹣focused activities.They were 31% more likely to have put money into savings in any given year and had accumulated 39% more wealth by retirement.They were also 24% less likely to smoke，29% more likely to be physically active，and 13% less likely to be medically obese（肥醉的）.This result held even when controlling for factors such as socioeconomic status and religion.
It is becoming increasingly clear that language is influencing how we think about the world around us and our passage through it.And while being multilingual won't necessarily make us a genius，we all can gain a fresh perspective and a more flexible understanding of the world by learning a new language.
（1）How do people in English﹣speaking countries and the Aymara view the word for future？　 　
A.Both see it as being ahead.
B.Both see it as being behind.
C.English speakers see it behind，while Aymara see it ahead.
D.English speakers see it ahead，while Aymara see it behind.
（2）What idea did Keith Chen's research start from？　 　
A.Multilingual people have a wider view of the future.
B.Cultural differences mainly shape future﹣oriented behavior.
C.Language affects how people see and interact with the future.
D.Languages with future tense make people more forward﹣thinking.
（3）According to Keith Chen，which behavior is more typical among "futureless"language speakers？　 　
A.Ignoring health advice.
B.Leading an inactive life.
C.Saving money for the future.
D.Spending money without thinking.
（4）What's the author's main point in the last paragraph？　 　
A.Language study should focus on grammar.
B.Learning a new language broadens your world view.
C.Learning multiple languages can make one a genius.
D.Language learning is key for cross﹣cultural communication.
8．（2025春 广西月考） Here's the corrected version with only misspelled words fixed and marked at the end，while maintaining original grammar and sentence order：
Corrected Text：
They declared that it was dead—or，if it wasn't dead yet，it soon would be.The cause of the disease was viral：first blogs，then image﹣sharing networks，and now influencers on social networking sites.Yet，despite all journalists' poor predictions，the printed travel guide is still in a fine state.Sales in Britain were mostly flat in 2014﹣2019，a period when smartphones became powerful.
That is not to say there have not been periods of ill health.Frommer's，the grandfather of American guidebooks，was sold in 2012 for ＄22 m to a company，which reportedly planned to end the series' print run. （The following year Arthur Frommer，its founder，bought it back.） Lonely Planet，the best﹣known travel publisher，has been through several owners at ever﹣lower valuations.
Now guidebooks still keep coming out when all the information you could need is in your pocket.Print is a useful medium for information on the go.Books can be drawn randomly on and dog﹣eared，and they need no charging or Internet access.They can be easier to run through than social media，websites or e﹣books.Rick，author of America's bestselling guides to European destinations，published his first guidebook 44 years ago，but still researches many of his books，making adjustments and constantly updating them.His publishers，being more business﹣minded，also produce pocket guides，which combine the tips with photographs.
It is authenticity （真实性） and content selection that print books are selling，therefore，the more content out there，the better for guide publishers.
Perhaps，in time，apps with similar features may take off in the west.Artificial intelligence is another emerging challenge.Like a good guide，AI's promise is that it can do complicated search and produce a summary，so Frommers，for its part，experimented with using AI to offer tailor﹣made answers to people's questions on traveling，which only found that it was making things up too often to be useful.Nothing makes a person reach for their trusty guidebook more than a misleading tip.
（1）What threatens the existence of printed guidebooks？ 　 　
A.The rise of smartphones.
B.The attitude of journalists.
C.The spread of some viruses.
D.The impact of social media.
（2）Why are Frommer's and Lonely Planet mentioned in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.To clarify the misbelief in guidebooks.
B.To introduce guidebooks' traditional form.
C.To show guidebooks' unstable development.
D.To compare the different states of guidebooks.
（3）Which aspect of guidebooks is mainly talked about in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.Adjustments.to their design.
B.Their benefits to travelers.
C.Their competition with the Internet.
D.Reasons for their survival.
（4）What does the author indicate in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Print books give way to apps.
B.Print travel guides remain favored.
C.AI can tailor traveling plans.
D.Apps work very well with guidebooks.
9．（2025 杜集区校级模拟）
The Harry Potter Guide to Edinburgh
Harry Potter is a household name across the globe，but did you know that J.K.Rowling penned some of the world's favorite wizarding stories right here in Edinburgh？Visit the locations in our guide and get a real sense of Hogwarts and the Wizarding World，right here in Scotland's capital.
The Elephant House
Start your journey where it all began.J.K.Rowling wrote the early Harry Potter manuscripts in Edinburgh's warm and welcoming cafes.The most notable is The Elephant House on George IV Bridge，where tourists often take selfies in front of the sign marking the"birthplace"of Harry Potter.
Museum Context and The Enchanted Galaxy
For Potter items，visit Museum Context for authentic collectibles like scarves and Nimbus 2001 replicas（复制品）.More magical items can be found at The Enchanted Galaxy，featuring model movie props（道具） and wands（魔杖） of fan﹣favorite characters.Don't forget to grab a chocolate frog on your way out!
Victoria Street and West Bow
At Victoria Street and West Bow，you'll see restaurants stacked on top of shops tightly packed together in brightly painted buildings.It's no wonder then，that this colorful street is thought by many Potter fans to have served as the inspiration for London's magical shopping street，Diagon Alley.
City Chambers
Just off the Royal Mile，you can find the famous author's handprints reproduced on a flagstone in front of Edinburgh City Chambers.The prints were produced when J.K.Rowling received The Edinburgh Award in 2008.
（1）Where did J.K.Rowling compose the early Harry Potter stories？ 　 　
A.On Victoria Street.
B.In the City Chambers.
C.At The Elephant House.
D.In cafes on the Royal Mile.
（2）What can visitors find at The Enchanted Galaxy？ 　 　
A.Hot chocolate drinks.
B.J.K.Rowling's handprints.
C.Wands of popular characters.
D.Authentic Potter scarves.
（3）What is unique about Victoria Street and West Bow？ 　 　
A.It is believed to have inspired Diagon Alley.
B.It features Harry Potter﹣themed restaurants.
C.Visitors can purchase Nimbus 2001 replicas there.
D.J.K.Rowling received The Edinburgh Award there.
10．（2025 杜集区校级模拟） How are a vegan in Brooklyn，a journalist in Britain，a farmer in the Bolivian（玻利维亚的） highlands and a worker in Lima connected？One word：quinoa（藜麦）.The popularity of this Andean"superfood"highlights the interconnections that exist in a global economy.
Quinoa is grown by farmers in the Andean highlands﹣Bolivia and Peru are top producers.The grain﹣like seed is high in proteins，vitamins and minerals while free of cholesterol（胆固醇）.For these reasons，quinoa has become extremely popular among health﹣conscious consumers.It sounds pretty great until we get to the unintended negative consequences of quinoa's wild popularity.
The issues highlighted by the quinoa﹣haters focus on two areas.The first argument goes that quinoa is now so expensive﹣its price has skyrocketed thanks to increasing demand from foreigners﹣that locals can no longer afford the healthy staple（主食）and are turning to imported junk foods.However，a Bolivian farmer told The Guardian that quinoa growers have actually "westernized their diets because they have more profits and more income".Ten years ago they had only an Andean diet in front of them.They had no choice.But now they do and they want rice，noodles，candies，Coke，and they want everything!
The second argument is that the increased demand is causing a rapid expansion of quinoa production，which is damaging the environment.Recently，the Bolivian government warned quinoa farmers for not properly rotating（轮作） crops.Poor crop management is causing desertification in some areas.These are the real downsides of the quinoa boom，though it is worth noting that foods we eat more commonly，like pork and beef，have a much greater impact on the environment.
Quinoa is an example of how our everyday habits and purchases can come to have an effect on the people and communities that exist well beyond our borders.The Brooklyn vegan who is buying box after box of quinoa is improving their diet and increasing the incomes of Andean farmers.But they are also affecting the environment and may be making it more difficult for a worker in Lima to afford the food he grew up eating.Additionally，if a British journalist writes a misleading article about how the consumption of quinoa is driving poverty in Bolivia，it can set off a chain of harmful effects involving all of the actors mentioned above.
This is a fact of life in today's globalized world.We are all connected，whether by quinoa，the beef we eat，the fuel we put in our cars or the phones we buy.It's our responsibility to make the right choices.
（1）According to the article，which of the statements about quinoa is true？ 　 　
A.It has become a staple food of Britons.
B.It has rapidly grown in popularity due to its many health benefits.
C.It has played a great role in solving the global problem of food shortages.
D.It has become so expensive that farmers in the Andean highlands no longer eat it.
（2）Why are quinoa﹣haters against the widespread consumption of the grain﹣like seed？ 　 　
①Because its health benefits are questionable.
②Because it's driving up unemployment in Lima.
③Because its production is damaging the environment.
④Because it has become too expensive for locals.
A.①②
B.①③
C.②③
D.③④
（3）What can be inferred about the production of quinoa from the article？ 　 　
A.It brings more harm than good to Britons.
B.It has led to complete dietary changes among vegans in Brooklyn.
C.It reminds people of the importance of crop management.
D.It has more advantages than disadvantages for Bolivian farmers.
（4）What was the author's intention in writing this article？ 　 　
A.To analyze how the global economy works.
B.To encourage more people to include quinoa in their diet.
C.To prove that economic globalization is a double﹣edged sword.
D.To call on people to be responsible consumers in this globalized world.
11．（2025 榕江县校级模拟）Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling.Recycling in the home is very important of course.However，being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.
We are dealing with the results of that over﹣consumption in the greenest way possible，but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.It now makes up a third of a typical household's waste in the UK.In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.The UK，for example，is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste.If such packaging is burnt，it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.Recycling helps，but the process itself uses energy.The solution is not to produce such items in the first place.
Food waste is a serious problem，too.Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need.However，a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue，encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags，for example.But this is not just about supermarkets.It is about all of us.
We have learned to associate packaging with quality.We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality.This is especially true of food.But is also applies to a wide range of consumer products，which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope.As more of us recycle，we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary material are collecting.We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb.
（1）The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show 　 　 .
A．the tendency of cutting household waste
B．the increase of packaging recycling
C．the rapid growth of super markets
D．the fact of packaging overuse
（2）According to the text，recycling 　 　 .
A．helps control the greenhouse effect
B．means burning packaging for energy
C．is the solution to gas shortage
D．leads to a waste of land
（3）What can be inferred from Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality.
B．Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging.
D．Other products are better packaged than food.
（4）What can we learn from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A．Fighting wastefulness is difficult.
B．Needless material is mostly recycled.
C．People like collecting recyclable waste.
D．The author is proud of their consumer culture.
12．（2025 惠农区校级一模） A new NASA﹣led study has found that how rain falls in a given year is nearly as important to the world's vegetation （植物） as how much.Reporting on Dec.11 in Nature，the researchers showed that even in years with similar rainfall totals，plants grew differently when that water came in fewer，bigger bursts.
Scientists have previously estimated that almost half of the world's vegetation is driven primarily by how much rain falls in a year.Less well understood is the role of day﹣to﹣day variability，said lead author Andrew Feldman，an ecosystem scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
The team analyzed two decades of field and satellite observations spanning diverse landscapes from Siberia to the southern tip of Patagonia.They found that plants across 42% of Earth's vegetated land surface were sensitive to daily rainfall variability.Of those，a little over half grew better in years with fewer but more intense wet days.These include drier landscapes like grasslands，croplands and deserts.In contrast，broadleaf forests and rainforests in lower and middle latitudes （纬度） tended to grew worse under those conditions，possibly because they could not tolerate the longer dry periods.Statistically，daily rainfall variability was nearly as important as annual rainfall totals in driving growth worldwide.
The new study relied primarily on a suite of NASA missions and datasets，which provides rain and snowfall rates for most of the planet every 30 minutes using a network of international satellites.To measure plant response day to day，the researchers calculated how green an area appeared in satellite imagery. "Greenness" is commonly used to estimate vegetation density and health.They also tracked a faint reddish light that plants give off during photosynthesis （光合作用），when a plant absorbs sunlight to transform carbon dioxide and water into food.This faint light is an obvious sign of flourishing vegetation.
Feldman said the findings highlight the vital role that plants play in moving carbon around Earth —a process called the carbon cycle. "A finer understanding of how plants thrive or decline day to day，storm by storm，could help us better understand their role in that critical cycle，" Feld man said.
（1）What is the main focus of the NASA﹣led study in the article？ 　 　
A.The global distribution of rainfall in a given year.
B.The role of satellites in monitoring rainfall and vegetation.
C.The impact of daily rainfall variability on vegetation growth.
D.The relationship between rainfall totals and vegetation growth.
（2）What is the relationship between rainfall variability and plant growth？ 　 　
A.All types of vegetation respond similarly to rainfall patterns.
B.Lower latitudes rainforests grew better after longer dry periods.
C.Drier landscapes benefit from fewer but more intense rain events.
D.Rainfall variability shows a relatively weaker influence on plant growth.
（3）Which method did researchers use to measure plant responses to rainfall variability？ 　 　
A.Conducting field experiments in specific locations.
B.Monitoring rainfall totals using a network of satellites.
C.Measuring the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by plants.
D.Analyzing satellite imagery for vegetation density and health.
（4）What is Feldman's attitude toward the findings of this study？ 　 　
A.Cautious.
B.Positive.
C.Skeptical.
D.Neutral.
13．（2025 河南模拟） Within a population in nature，individuals vary in their ability to survive and reproduce，and the winners of this competition shape the next generation.Biologists usually focus on the genetic and environmental causes of this variation，but sometimes organisms just get lucky.A male goat battling for a female's attention might face a competitor that accidentally slips on a loose rock and dies.A food﹣seeking bird may happen upon much food before others，just by chance."Such luck breaks could partly explain why some individuals succeed and others fail，"said Matthew Zippel，an evolutionary biologist at Cornell University.That made him wonder what's the role of luck and what's the role of competition in leading to those inequalities in adulthood.
To answer that question，Zippel and his colleagues created a society using around 100 genetically identical mice.Groups of about 26 two﹣week﹣old mice and their mothers were placed in outdoor enclosures in groups that had the same"resource zones"with food and shelter available to all.The team tracked the mice over 46 days，measuring how they behaved and various aspects of fitness.There was one variable﹣males compete with each other to form territories and access food while females don't.
"What's left are these really small contingent experiences besides genetics and environment，" said Zippel.For example，an individual male mouse might just so happen to win a fight with its identical twin over food.That lucky break would help it become bigger than its twin，setting it up to win the next fight.
"Such experiences mattered much more for males than females，"the researchers reported，suggesting that competition magnifies（放大） the importance of luck.By the end of the experiment，lucky male mice controlled more territory and encountered about five times as many females as lower﹣quality males.
"The study shows luck can be a major factor of success for humans，too，"said Zippel."We have individuals who start out with identical genetics and identical resource access，but they still end up in different outcomes in adulthood.That has implications for the study of evolution，and should inspire biologists to consider non﹣genetic causes of an individual's success，especially when competition is high."
（1）What made Matthew Zippel decide to conduct the research？ 　 　
A.His encounter with lucky events.
B.His curiosity about the impacts of luck.
C.His belief on animals' need for luck.
D.His interest in lucky animals' behavior.
（2）What was the society for mice like？ 　 　
A.It was relatively equal.
B.It was full of harmonious atmosphere.
C.It offered different environments.
D.It was a safe shelter for unhealthy mice.
（3）What does the underlined word"contingent" in paragraph 3 probably mean？ 　 　
A.Adventurous.
B.Dangerous.
C.Occasional.
D.Frequent.
（4）What can be concluded about luck from the findings？ 　 　
A.It is primarily determined by experiences.
B.It works in different ways in different settings.
C.It tends to be unavailable to females in nature.
D.It may help especially in competitive situations.
14．（2025 聊城三模） 2024 was the hottest year on record，yet it might also be one of the coolest years of the rest of your life due to a phenomenon known as shifting baseline syndrome （基线漂移综合征）.
This mind trick causes people to grow used to the environmental conditions they currently experience，leading to a gradual decrease in societal environmental standards.It can act as a powerful barrier by reducing social recognition of the problem.For instance，younger generations often perceive current environmental conditions as unexceptional，even when older generations see them as significant declines.
"The last two years have been kind of supercharged，" says Gavin Schmidt，a climate scientist.Temperatures have been climbing at a quicker pace，and "2023 and 2024 stand out." In part，this is due to a recent El Nino，an event in which warming in the tropical （热带的） Pacific Ocean causes knock﹣on weather effects.But Schmidt says it could also indicate a rise in human﹣driven global warming resulting from the fact that "we keep putting our foot on the speeding device of greenhouse gases." Along with the rise，scientists expect we'll see an increase in climate﹣related disasters like wildfires.
In principle，shifting baseline syndrome is relevant to a wide range of environmental challenges.In a recent review paper，scientists found many studies of shifting baselines indicate people struggle to notice gradual changes in climate，especially younger individuals.Most of these studies were conducted in low﹣income countries，and many focused on farmers.Scientists suspect people in wealthier countries are likely to be more impacted by shifting baselines because they tend to be less directly exposed to the impacts of climate change.
"Even in places where many people are aware of the crisis，" says Adam Aron，a professor at the University of California， "people aren't necessarily taking action or demanding that officials do." If we want people to change，Aron believes "non﹣analytic" approaches are needed. "Non﹣analytic routes are standards of behavior that are accepted within society，" he says. "My neighbors have all put up solar panels and electrified their homes.I'm going to do it，too."
（1）What does shifting baseline syndrome lead to？　 　
A．Doubt about historical climate patterns.
B．Inattention to the environmental decline.
C．Acceptance of new societal standards.
D．Concern about extreme weather events.
（2）What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？　 　
A．The increase of climate disasters.
B．The effect of global warming.
C．Consequences of human activities.
D．Causes of the rising temperatures.
（3）Why were the studies of shifting baselines conducted in low﹣income countries？　 　
A．They can avoid shifting baseline syndrome.
B．They rarely notice changing climate patterns.
C．They're more affected by climate change.
D．They're adaptable to environmental problems.
（4）What does Adam Aron suggest？　 　
A．Promoting green energy initiatives.
B．Using social norms to drive action.
C．Strengthening government regulations.
D．Developing more protective approaches.
15．（2025 金安区校级模拟） People's first memories are all autobiographical （自传式的），or memories of significant experiences in their lives，and these events typically didn't happen before the age of 2 or 3.In fact，most people can't remember things from the first few years of their lives —a phenomenon researchers have called infantile amnesia.
However，research suggests that infants can form other kinds of memories.Within the first few days of life，infants （婴儿） can recall their own mother's face and distinguish it from the face of a stranger.A few months later，infants can demonstrate that they remember lots of familiar faces by smiling most at the ones they see most often.
But if so，why do people experience infantile amnesia （健忘症）？Though it still isn't clear whether it's because we can't form autobiographical memories，or whether we just have no way to get them back，scientists have a few guesses.
One is that autobiographical memories require you to have some sense of self.Researchers have tested this ability using a mirror recognition task called the rouge test.It involves marking a baby's nose with a red spot.
Researchers then place the infant in front of a mirror.Infants younger than 18 months just smile at the baby in the reflection，not showing any evidence of recognizing themselves or the red mark on their face.Between 18 and 24 months，infants touch their own nose，even looking embarrassed，suggesting that they connect the red dot in the mirror with their own face —they start to form some sense of self.
Another possible explanation is that because infants don't have language until later in the second year of life，they can't form account about their own lives that they can later recall.Finally，the hippocampus，which is the region of the brain that's largely responsible for memory，isn't fully developed in the infancy period.
Scientists will continue to investigate how these factors might contribute to infantile amnesia.
（1）What is the function of the first paragraph？ 　 　
A．To give an example.
B．To bring up the topic.
C．To provide the background.
D．To show the author's attitude.
（2）What can infants do in their first few months？ 　 　
A．Distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces.
B．Memorize the majority of their family members.
C．Remember a string of events from the recent past.
D．Identify their own reflections in the mirror.
（3）What could be a cause of infantile amnesia，according to the text？ 　 　
A．Infants' inability to recall memories.
B．Infants' immature hippocampus.
C．Infants' undeveloped communication skills.
D．Infants' unsteady autobiographical memories.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．When do babies start remembering things？
B．Why is it hard to retrieve lost memories？
C．How do kids form their first memories？
D．Why can't we remember being a baby？
16．（2025 忻州三模） For more than 3，500 years，the remains of the Xiaohe people lay undisturbed in Xinjiang until they were unearthed in 1979.Among the treasures dug up was the oldest preserved cheese in the world，spotted around the remains' neck.
Now a team of researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences reports the first genetic （基因的） analysis of the cheese.Their results paint a picture of a rich Bronze Age culture that exchanged animals with other neighbouring peoples and may have helped spread cheese around East Asia.Just why they were buried with the stuff，though，remains imperfectly understood.
During their analysis，the team identified the DNA from a goat whose milk went into the cheeses，before comparing it with 185 previously sequenced （排序） goat genes.The genetic profile of the Xiaohe goat was similar to that of goats belonging to ancient Eurasian Steppe people，meaning the Xiaohe people may have learned cheese﹣making from them.
All the Xiaohe cheeses would have been produced by drying kefir，a milk﹣based drink made with bacteria （细菌） such as Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens.The team，therefore，sequenced the DNA of that one bacterium and compared it with 15 modern varieties in order to identify its place within that species' family tree.Their analysis showed that it belonged to a subspecies that could have spread with kefir﹣making customs from Xinjiang to regions including Tibet.
The authors suspect that the cheese was an attractive alternative to raw milk，which contains a substance to which many modern﹣day Asians are intolerant.But it is possible that it was the kefir drink，rather than the cheese，that was the main attraction，says Paul Kindstedt，a cheese chemist and historian.It holds about 1% alcohol by volume.People in Mongolia today use kefir to make milk﹣based alcohol；the Xiaohe people may have done so too.
"Ancient﹣cheese DNA analysis﹣of which this may be the first example﹣could reveal secrets about numerous other cultures.There are milk﹣related remains on 7，000﹣year﹣old European pots，for example，and cheese may also have been used in ancient Egyptian burial practices，" says Dr.Kindstedt.
（1）What can we learn about the Xiaohe people from the first two paragraphs？ 　 　
A．They preferred an undisturbed life.
B．They interacted with other cultures.
C．They conducted odd burial practices.
D．They traded metal for animals and cheese.
（2）Why did the researchers study the DNA of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens？ 　 　
A．To restructure its genetic composition.
B．To identify its influence on the species.
C．To source the cheese﹣making techniques.
D．To illustrate the cheese﹣making procedures.
（3）What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ 　 　
A．Why Asian people like cheese.
B．How cheese became popular.
C．Attractive alternatives to raw milk.
D．The alcoholic volume of the kefir drink.
（4）What does Dr.Kindstedt intend to emphasize in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A．The consistency of the analysis.
B．The prospects of the analysis.
C．The wide application of the cheese.
D．The cultural implication of the cheese.
17．（2025 巴中模拟） While some allergies（过敏症） disappear over time or with treatment，others last a lifetime.For decades，scientists have been searching for the source of these lifetime allergies.
Recently，researchers found that memory B cells may be involved.These cells produce a different class of antibodies known as IgG，which ward off viral infections.But no one had identified exactly which of those cells were recalling allergens or how they switched to making the IgE antibodies responsible for allergies.To uncover the mysterious cells，two research teams took a deep dive into the immune（免疫的） cells of people with allergies and some without.
Immunologist Joshua Koenig and colleagues examined more than 90，000 memory B cells from six people with birch allergies，four people allergic to dust mites and five people with no allergies.Using a technique called RNA sequencing，the team identified specific memory B cells，which they named MBC2s，that make antibodies and proteins associated with the immune response that causes allergies.
In another experiment，Koeni g and colleagues used a peanut protein to go fishing for memory B cells from people with peanut allergies.The team pulled out the same type of cells found in people with birch and dust mite allergies.In people with peanut allergies，those cells increased in number and produced IgE antibodies as the people started treatment to desensitize them to peanut allergens.
Another group led by Maria Curotto de Lafaille，an immunologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City，also found that similar cells were more plentiful in 58 children allergic to peanuts than in 13 kids without allergies.The team found that the cells are ready to switch from making protective IgG antibodies to allergy﹣causing IgE antibodies.Even before the switch，the cells were making RNA for IgE but didn't produce the protein.Making that RNA enables the cells to switch the type of antibodies they make when they encounter allergens.The signal to switch partially depends on a protein called JAK，the group discovered."Stopping JAK from sending the signal could help prevent the memory cells from switching to IgE production，"Lafaille says.She also predicts that allergists may be able to examine aspects of these memory cells to forecast whether a patient's allergy is likely to last or disappear with time or treatment.
"Knowing which population of cells store allergies in long﹣term memory may eventually help scientists identify other ways to kill the allergy cells，says Cecilia Berin，an immunologist at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "You could potentially get rid of not only your peanut allergy but also all of your allergies."
（1）Scientists examined the immune cells of people with allergies and those without 　 　
A.To identify the cells that protect against allergic reactions.
B.To reveal cells contributing to allergy development.
C.To discover new antibodies known as IgG and IgE.
D.To compare the distinctions between IgG and IgE.
（2）What is the most likely meaning of the underlined word"desensitize"in Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.Make...reduce protection
B.Make…reduce efficacy
C.Make…less responsive
D.Make…less harmful
（3）What can we infer from the two research teams' work？ 　 　
A.JAK plays a part in maintaining antibody production during allergen challenge.
B.Memory B cells generate both RNA for IgE and the corresponding protein.
C.MBC2s generate antibodies and proteins that prevent allergies.
D.Allergists can predict whether an allergy will last or disappear.
（4）Which is the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.RNA Sequencing Serves in Immunology Research.
B.Specific Cells Related to Peanut Allergies Are Identified.
C.Newfound Immune Cells Are the Cause of Long﹣lasting Allergies.
D.Unmasking Cells' Identities Helps Identify and Manage Allergic Conditions.
18．（2025 腾冲市校级模拟） New research reveals that "intensive domain﹣specific training"like mathematics fundamentally reshapes brain activity during complex problem solving，offering insights into the cognitive neuroscience（认知神经科学） of concentration.A study published in Cognitive Neuroscience compared graduate students in math﹣related fields with peers in non﹣mathematical fields to investigate how long﹣term specialized practice influences thinking processes.
Participants watched video demonstrations of multi﹣step mathematical problems while wearing brain﹣wave﹣monitoring caps to track brain activity.The study found clear differences：non﹣math students' front brain areas（linked to memory and focus） worked harder as they struggled to follow logical steps.In contrast，math﹣intensive students displayed synchronized（同步的） slow brain waves connecting the frontal and upper﹣back brain areas，which are responsible for abstract reasoning and spatial processing.These slow brain rhythms，typically observed during deep sleep，appeared to facilitate efficient communication between distant neural networks during intense focus.
These findings indicate that repeated exposure to complex problem solving allows math﹣trained students to automate basic logical steps（e.g.formula application），which saves mental energy for complex analysis.This "neural efficiency"﹣the brain's adaptability through training﹣mirrors patterns in other experts：experienced musicians' brains show similar slow waves when composing and athletes enter similar"flow states"during competitions.Most importantly，researchers confirm such neural efficiency isn't inborn but develops through deliberate practice.Students with equal IQs but less math training lacked these distinctive wave patterns.However，those who engaged in repetition and intentional study eventually developed such patterns，becoming more efficient in solving problems.
By the same logic，these findings hint at a trade﹣off that people should keep in mind一particularly as artificial intelligence（AI） and other tools offer tempting shortcuts for various forms of problem solving.Dr.Elena Torres，lead researcher of the study，further warns that over﹣reliance on AI might weaken our brain's natural problem﹣solving abilities."Each time we off﹣load a problem to a calculator or ask AI to summarize an essay，we are losing an opportunity to improve our own skills and practise deep concentration for ourselves."Torres urges"a strategic balance﹣use AI for repetitive labor，thanks to its fast data processing and continuous operation，but reserve complex challenges for deep，tech﹣free focus."
（1）What was the main purpose of the new research？ 　 　
A.To study how specialized training affects brains.
B.To investigate how AI tools influence learning.
C.To compare brain activity among math experts.
D.To measure IQ levels across different specialists.
（2）How did non﹣math students' brains differ from those of math students in complex problem solving？ 　 　
A.Their front﹣top parts worked together.
B.They showed random sleep﹣like waves.
C.Their front area worked with extra effort.
D.They processed information automatically.
（3）What is crucial to developing"neural efficiency"according to the text？ 　 　
A.Long﹣term focused practice.
B.Inborn abstract reasoning talent.
C.Random exposure to complex problems.
D.Training on memorizing basic logical steps.
（4）What do Dr.Elena Torres' quotes highlight in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.AI tools limit independent learning opportunities.
B.Technology improves efficiency in complex tasks.
C.Overusing shortcuts harms cognitive development.
D.AI tools reduce motivation for deep concentration.
19．（2025 河南模拟） One of the top sources of added sugar in children's diets is in their breakfast cereal（谷物）.A new study shows that advertising drives sales of high﹣sugar cereals when it's aimed directly at kids under 12—but not when it targets adults.
In the study，published in The American Journal of Preventive Medicine，Jennifer Harris，a senior research adviser，and her coworkers looked at all cereals purchased by 77，000 U.S.households over a nine﹣year period，between 2008 and 2017.They also looked at Nielsen ratings data，which closely monitored all the ads that people in a household saw—both children and adults.
What they found was a strong relationship between how much advertising targeted kids and how much sugary cereal that households with children bought.Nine advertised cereals high in sugar dominated purchases by these households and about one﹣third of households with kids bought at least one of the nine brands in a given month.By contrast，there was no link to increased purchases when ads targeted adults.
Public health officials have long been concerned about the marketing of unhealthy foods to kids.That's why，nearly two decades ago，the food industry launched the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative （CFBAI），a voluntary effort to police itself.The 21 participating food companies pledged to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12.
But Lindsey Smith Taillie，a food policy researcher，says these voluntary efforts aren't making a difference. "For a long time，we've known that unhealthy food marketing to kids was very common in the United States，and it continues to be so，" she says.
In a written statement，Daniel Range，vice president of the CFBAI，points to a 2024 study showing children's exposure to cereal ads on TV programming aimed at kids has dropped dramatically. "Companies' CFBAI commitments，which apply to both TV and digital media，have driven these reductions in child﹣directed advertising，" Range says.
"Most of that drop in advertising to kids is due to a decline in TV viewing，" Taillie says. "Ads，like kids' eyeballs，are moving online，where hyperpersonalization（超个性化） can make it even harder to know what marketing children are being exposed to."
（1）What does the study conducted by Jennifer Harris find？　 　
A.Most Americans had cereals for breakfast.
B.Cereal ads had little appeal for kids and adults.
C.Child﹣directed ads boosted sales of sugary cereals.
D.The marketing of unhealthy foods to adults was effective.
（2）What does the underlined word "pledged" in paragraph 4 probably mean？　 　
A.Hesitated.
B.Failed.
C.Declined.
D.Promised.
（3）What can be learned from Range's statement？　 　
A.He is defending the companies' efforts.
B.He supports child﹣directed advertising.
C.He is worried about the future of the CFBAL.
D.He looks forward to stricter restrictions.
（4）Which of the following does Taillie disapprove of？　 　
A.Online advertisements should be under control.
B.There is a decline in TV viewing in America.
C.The CFBAI has generated satisfying outcomes.
D.Child﹣directed advertising remains concerning.
20．（2025 沙市区校级模拟） New research reveals that "intensive domain﹣specific training" like mathematics fundamentally reshapes brain activity during complex problem solving，offering insights into the cognitive neuroscience （认知神经科学） of concentration.A study published in Cognitive Neuroscience compared graduate students in math﹣related fields with peers in non﹣mathematical fields to investigate how long﹣term specialized practice influences thinking processes.
Participants watched video demonstrations of multi﹣step mathematical problems while wearing brain﹣wave﹣monitoring caps to track brain activity.The study found clear differences：non﹣math Students' front brain areas （linked to memory and focus） worked harder as they struggled to follow logical steps.In contrast，math﹣intensive students displayed synchronized （同步的） slow brain waves connecting the frontal and upper﹣back brain areas，which are responsible for abstract reasoning and spatial processing.These slow brain rhythms，typically observed during deep sleep，appeared to facilitate efficient communication between distant neural networks during intense focus.
These findings indicate that repeated exposure to complex problem solving allows math﹣trained complex analysis.This "neural efficiency" ― the brain's adaptability through training ― mirrors patterns in other experts：experienced musicians' brains show similar slow waves when composing and athletes enter similar "flow states" during competitions.Most importantly，researchers confirm such neural efficiency isn't inborn but develops through deliberate practice.Students with equal IQs but less math training lacked these distinctive wave patterns.However，those who engaged in repetition and intentional study eventually developed such patterns，becoming more efficient in solving problems.
By the same logic，these findings hint at a trade﹣off that people should keep in mind ― particularly as artificial intelligence（AI） and other tools offer tempting shortcuts for various forms of problem solving.Dr.Elena Torres，lead researcher of the study，further warns that over﹣reliance to a calculator or ask AI to summarize an essay，we are losing an opportunity to improve our own skills and practise deep concentration for ourselves." Torres urges "a strategic balance ― use AI for repetitive labor，thanks to its fast data processing and continuous operation，but reserve complex challenges for deep，tech﹣free focus."
（1）What was the main purpose of the new research？ 　 　
A.To study how specialized training affects brains.
B.To investigate how AI tools influence learning.
C.To compare brain activity among math experts.
D.To measure IQ levels across different specialists.
（2）How did non﹣math students' brains differ from those of math students in complex problem solving？ 　 　
A.Their front﹣top parts worked together.
B.They showed random sleep﹣like waves.
C.Their front area worked with extra effort.
D.They processed information automatically.
（3）What is crucial to developing"neural efficiency"according to the text？ 　 　
A.Long﹣term focused practice.
B.Inborn abstract reasoning talent.
C.Random exposure to complex problems.
D.Training on memorizing basic logical steps.
（4）What do Dr.Elena Torres' quotes highlight in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.AI tools limit independent learning opportunities.
B.Technology improves efficiency in complex tasks.
C.Overusing shortcuts harms cognitive development.
D.AI tools reduce motivation for deep concentration
高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025春 广东期末） The threat of language extinction isn't new.But there are ways to save at﹣risk languages，as well.For the past two decades，Garifuna artists have used a cultural foundation—dance music—to inspire young Garifuna people to learn and share their native language.
Much of the Garifuna people's history is passed down not just by words，but by song and dance，such as the jankunu.Elements of the Garifuna culture—including music，dance，and language—were listed as a UNESCO Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2001.Around the same time，Garifuna musicians and cultural activists put forward a plan：to create songs entirely in Garifuna to unite young Garifuna people to learn the language.
Palacio，a leader in the cultural movement，gathered Garifuna musicians across Central America to form the Garifuna Collective band in 2007.Their Garifuna lyrics sent a powerful message：it's time to defend our culture.After multiple world tours and international music awards， "The Garifuna Collective put Garifuna on the international map，and we are optimistic about it，"said Palacio.Although Palacio passed away in 2008，his songs，and the works of Garifuna musical activists across Central America，lit a cultural flame for Garifuna people worldwide.
Musician Lovell adopted the language at the age of 16 to follow in the footsteps of his favorite Garifuna musician and cultural revivalist.Lovell became part of a larger grassroots（基层） effort to teach the language in New York.Increasingly，many G

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