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2026高考复习-形容词
根据不同的语法流派和语法书,形容词可根据词形结构、句法功能、词汇意义等来分类。下面只综合性地选一些疑难要点加以叙述。
I.派生形容词
1.典型的形容词后缀
1)-able 表示“可…的”,“能…的”等: comfortable drinkable, eatable, steerable, reliable, undeniable, notable deniable,agreeable, manageable
注意一些词的拼写:
regrettable,forgettable(但preferable 中的r不双写且重音移至第一个音节。)
2)-al表示“….的”,“具有….特性的”:cultural,medical, musical
3)-ible 表示“可(被).....的”,“能…….的”等: legible,sensible, visible
4)-ic表示“与....有关的”,“像….的”,“具有…性质(特征)的”,“由…产生的”,“由….组成的”等:Asiatic(=Asian但有贬义),volcanic,heroic,scientific, poetic, quixotic，photographic, symphonic, alcoholic
5)-ish 表示“似.….的”,“……一样的"等: boyish,childishfoolish, selfish
-ish 还常加在表示颜色的形容词和其它一些词后,表示“稍带….的”,“趋向于….的”,“近乎…的"等:brownish,bluish, bookish, reddish, tallish, whitish
-ive 表示"…...的”,"具有…的”等:attractive，amusive, creative, expensive, native, productive, substantive
7)-ful表示“充满..的”,“有...的"等:careful,useful
以辅音字母加“y"结尾时:beauty-beautiful
以“-ll”结尾时:skill-skilful,will-wilful
8)-less 表示否定: careless,helpless,useless
9)-ly表示"像….的”,“每一特定时期发生一次的”等:brotherly, deadly, elderly, fatherly, friendly, goodly, likelylively, lonely, lovely, lowly, motherly, poorly, daily, hourlymonthly, weekly
10)-ous 表示“具有…….的”,"多…的"等: dangerous，poisonous.
以“-ge"结尾的保留“e”:courage-courageous
以“-ce"结尾的变"e”为“i”:space-spacious, grace，gracious.
以“-our"结尾的变为“or”:vigour(vigor)-vigorousrigour(rigor)-rigorous
注商:gas-gaseous pity-piteous
许多形容词以--y"结尾,尤其是单音节的不可数名调派生的形容间: dirty, dusty, sleepy,moody,icy. stony
2、分词作形容词
1)ing:alarming,amazing,amusing, astonishing,boring,charming,comforting,confusing,damaging,daring
deafening,disturbing,embarrassing,encouraging, enterprising,entertaining,cxacting, exciting, frightening, hearteninghumiliating, insulting, interesting, lasting, pleasing, promising，retiring, rewarding, satisfying,shocking, striking, surpris.
ing, thrilling, trying, tiring, worrying...
2)-ed: alarmed, amazed, amused, balanced, badlybehaved, well-behaved, bored,well-built, conceited.contented, well-defined, disappointed, divided,well-dressed,well-educated, embarrassed, excited,fascinated, frightened, interested, limited, pleased, relaxed, reserved, satisfied, shocked, surprised, tiredunexpected, unsettled, worried...
注:alarmed,amazed和amused常用来修饰面部表情。beloved 可读作[bi1 vd]或[bil vid],其动词原形 belove在现代英语中已很罕见。
Ⅱ.比较级
1.三者比较
三者比较,第三者的比较级前或后加“sti1l”
Wiliam is taller than John, but James is taller still.
威廉比约翰高一些,但詹姆士更高。
A motor-car can go faster than a bicycle, but an aer.oplane can travel still faster.坐汽车旅行比骑自行车快得多，但坐飞机更快
2.拉丁比较级
英语从拉丁语中借代了一些表示比较的词，如seniorunior,superior,inferior,prior,posterior等。他们仍保持原词尾“-or”,后接“to”而不是“than”。例如:
The socialist system is far superior to the capitalist system.
社会主义制度比资本主义制度优越得多。
The forces of the reactionary are inferior to these ofthe revolutionary people.
反动派的力量远不如革命人民的力量
His arrival was prior to my departure.
他在我出发前到达。
玛丽年龄比我大。Mary is senior to me.
3 .farther 和further
二者都表示较远的意思,表示“进一步”“进一层”时常用further:
The village is on the farther / further side of the hil村庄座落在更远的山坡下。We waited for further notice.
我们等待进一步的通知。
Further investigations are necessary.
进一步的调查是必要的。
4.elder 和 older
elder不作比较级，故其后不跟“than”,但可用作最高级;elder可作名词,older只作形容词:
When I met her,she'd lost her elder child.
我见到她时她的大孩子已经丢了。
He is the eldest and most respected member of the
group.
在这群人中他是最年长和威望最高的。
They are ourelders.他们是我们的前辈。
elder表示两者年龄比较时,可用下面的表达式:
He is three years my elder.( = He is my elder by three years.)
他比我大三岁。
III.名词前多个形容词作定语的词序
特性大小形状年龄颜色血统材质其
a daring young man
a small roound oak table
a dirty old brown coat
a charming French writing desk
a large green Chinese carpet
a famous German medical school
IV. 表语形容词
1.表语形容词与定语形容词
表语形容词往往表示暂时的状况,而定语形容词常表示长期性的状况。试比较:
She is ill/unwell/ well.(暂时的)
He is a very healthy/sick man.(长期的)
“faint"既可作表语形容词，又可作定语形容词，但意思
有所不同:
She is feeling/faint.(头晕)
There is a very faint hope of finding him alive.(渺茫)
2.以“a"开头的形容词
以“a"开首的一组形容词只作表语形容词。试比较下列句子,注意表语形容词表示“暂时”状况，定语形容词表示长期"状况:
That child is afraid. It's a frightened child.
These two men are alike.
These problems are alike, They're similar problems.
Thank goodness! He's alive.
This tree is alive,lt's a living tree.
The old lady lives alone, She's a lonely old lady
l am ashared.
The dog is awleep, Let sleeping dogs lie.
Now it's awake.
常用的还有
ablaze, afire, adrift, afoat,aghast, alight等。
还有不少以“a"开头的副词:
aboard, abreast, abroad, afar, afresh, aloud, anewapart, ashore, aside, astray...
3.aware
表语形容词 aware不能单独作表语,其后必须有“of短语”或“that从句”:
Are you aware of the danger
Are you aware that we are in serious danger
V.两个以上形容词中的标点
两个或两个以上表示性质、特征的形容词共同修饰一个名词，用逗号分开和不用逗号分开(一个为副词)意思不同:a pretty intelligent girl一个相当聪明的女孩a pretty,intelligent girl 一个既聪明又漂亮的女孩
VI.形容词后置
在一些固定词组中,形容词必须在所修饰的名词后面常用的如下:
God Almighty
上帝、万能的神
a court martial
军法审判
the sum total
总数
a poet laureate
桂冠诗人
Asia Mfinar
小亚细亚
the body politie国家
An attorney general首席检察官、检察长
An heir apparent法定继承人
a fee simple继承者有全权的地产
the third person singular第三人称单数
the city of London proper伦敦市区
an ambassadorextraordinary特命全权大使
from time immemorial远古以来
a devil incarnate魔鬼的化身
lords spiritual英国上议院的主教或大主教
the president elect当选总统
notary public公证人
Ⅶ.形容词作独立成份
形容词可作独立成份，相当于一个从句:
Ripe( When they are ripe ),these apples are sweet.
熟了以后，这些苹果很甜。
Enthusiastic( When/If enthusiastic), they make
good students.
如果热心点的话，他们就成好学生了。

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