资源简介

Unit 2
1. congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺辞
Congratulations ! 恭喜恭喜！
Congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 祝贺（某人）某事
offer/ send one’s congratulations (to…) on sth. 因某事（向…）致以祝贺
Friends send their congratulations to Tim because he has been admitted into Peking University.
[词形转换]
1）congratulate vt. 向（某人）道贺
congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事向某人道贺
congratulate oneself on sth. 因某事感到自豪
I congratulate myself on taking first place in the writing contest.
2. assume v.
1）以为，假设
assume (that)… 假设…；认为…
assume sb./ sth. to be + n./ adj. 以为某人/某物是…
It is (generally) assumed that… 人们（普遍）认为…
It is generally assumed that stress may be caused by too much work.
2）开始掌管/承担责任
He is ready to assume control of the organization.
[词形转换]
1）assumption n. 假设
make an assumption 做出假设
on the assumption that… 假定…
2）assuming conj. 假定，假设
3. tend v. 往往会；常常就；趋向；倾向；易于；照料
tend to do 往往会发生某事；易于做某事
Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.
tend to/ towards… 倾向于…
tend to sb. 照顾某人
Sofia was in the bedroom tending to her son.
[词形转换]
1）tendency n. 倾向；偏好；趋势
have a/ the tendency to do 有做某事的趋势
For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
4. reduce v. 减少
reduce…to… 把…减少到…
Our expenses have been reduced to 2000 yuan one month.
reduce…by… 把…减少了
They reduced the prices by 30%. You had better go and buy something in a hurry.
1）reduce…to… 使沦为，使陷入窘境（常用被动）
be reduced to tears 流下眼泪
Jenny was reduced to tears by her teacher’s criticism.
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
The old building has been reduced to ruins, smelly and dirty.
[词形转换]
1）reduction n. 减少，降低
make a reduction 减少；减价
5. range
1）v. 包括（各种不同的人或物）；（价格、温度、水平等）在某范围内变化
range from…to… 在…到…之间变化
This TV programme has a massive audience, ranging from children to the elderly.
range between…and… 在…和…之间变化
2）n. 一系列；范围，界限；山脉；射程；
a (wide) range of 各种各样的
in/ within range (of…) 在（…可及的）范围内
College students are of many different ages and come from a wide range of social, cultural and economic backgrounds.
out of/ beyond range (of…) 超出（…）的范围
The price was beyond our range, so we declined.
6. energy n. 精力，活力；能量，能源
apply/ devote one’s energies to (doing) 把某人精力投到（做）某事上
I’ll devote my energies completely to the study of human geography.
[词形转换]
1）energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的
2）energetically adv. 积极地；精力充沛地
7. average
1）n. 平均；平均数
on average 平均地
Remembering 70 new words a week means remembering only ten words a day on average.
2）adj. 平均地；正常的；普通的
8. injury n. 损伤；伤害
do sb. an injury 伤害某人（= do an injury to sb.）
Don’t do that. You’ll do yourself an injury.
[词形转换]
1）injured adj. 受伤的；委屈的
be/ get seriously/ slightly injured 受重伤/轻伤
2）injure v. 使受伤，弄伤；伤害
She injured her arm in the accident.
[易混辨析] injure/ hurt/ wound/ harm
易混词 用法 例句
injure 尤指因意外事故使身体某部位受到伤害，强调身体部位受到损伤 Five people were injured in the car crash. 撞车事故中有五人受伤。
hurt 指对身体造成伤害，一般会引起疼痛；也指情感方面受伤，日常英语中，hurt更常用 Emma hurt her back when she fell off her horse. 爱玛从马上摔下来，背部受了伤。
wound 尤指在战争或殴打中受到刀、枪等武器的伤害 The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹打伤了他的肩膀。
harm 指伤害人的健康、权利、事业等 Smoking does harm to your health. 吸烟损害你的健康。
9. prevent
prevent… (from) doing sth. 阻止…做某事
If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them (from) turning brown.
[词形转换]
1）prevention n. 预防，防范
2）preventable adj. 可防止的，可阻止的，可预防的
3）preventive adj. 预防的
10. equipment n. 装备，设备，用具
You don’t need expensive equipment.
[词形转换]
1）equip v. 配备；装备；使有所准备
equip oneself/ sb./ sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人
He equipped himself with a street plan.
be equipped with… 装有…；装备有…
be equipped for… 对…有准备
I’ll be well equipped for a new task.
11. lack
1）v. 缺乏；没有
The house lacks basic furniture.
2）n. 缺乏；匮乏；短缺
(a) lack of… 缺乏…
A lack of food made people suffer.
for lack of… 由于缺乏…
He was fired by the boss for lack of skills.
no lack of… 不乏…
[词形转换]
1）lacking adj. 缺乏的
be lacking in… 缺乏…
The painting is lacking in originality.
12. announce v. 宣布；公布；通知；声称
announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事（不能说announce sb. sth.）
The company announced its decision to the public in March,
It is/ was announced that… 据宣布…
It was announced that the member of primary schools in that city had grown 120.
[词形转换]
1）announcement n. 通告，公告
make an announcement 发表公告
The gallery made an announcement that there would be an art exhibition the next week.
2）announcer n. 播音员；节目主持人
13. update
1）v.
① 更新
You should have the data updated once a week.
② 向…提供最新消息
update sb. on sth. 向某人提供某物的最新信息
We will update you on this news story throughout the day.
2）n.（计算机文件的）更新；最新消息
It’s an update of a previous version of the software.
14. in response (to…)（对…的）回答/反应
In response to the audience’s great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
make a response to sth. 对某事做出回应
[词形转换]
1）respond v. 回答；回应
respond to… 回答…；对…做出反应
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
2）responsible adj. 负责的；有责任心的
be responsible for… 对…负责
A government, which is responsible for society, must get across to its people how important the environmental preservation is.
3）responsibility n. 责任
take responsibility for… 承担…的责任
We need to take responsibility for our own health.
15. replace v. 替换
replace…with/ by… 用…替换…
They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.
[词形转换]
1）replacement n. 替换
2）replaceable adj. 可代替的
16. position
1）v. 安装，安置，使处于
Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.
2）n.
① 位置；姿势
in/ out of position 在/不在恰当的位置
Noticing a chair out of position, he put it back in position at once.
in a(n)…position (to do)（做某事）处于…的处境
② 观点，态度，立场
take the position that… 认为…
The principal took the position that students should have enough exercise.
③ 职务，职位
④ 处境；形势；状况
17. hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑
hesitate over/ about (doing) sth. 对（做）某事犹豫
He was still hesitate over whether to leave or not.
hesitate to do sth. 做某事有疑虑
Some parents hesitate to take these steps because the suspect that their child is exaggerating.
[词形转换]
1）hesitation n. 犹豫；踌躇；迟疑
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
Once I decide what I want to do, I will do it without hesitation.
2）hesitant adj. 犹豫的；迟疑的
18. admit v.（不情愿地）承认；允许…进入；接纳
admit to (doing) sth. 承认（做）某事
I have to admit to being a little surprised.
admit sb. to/ into sth. 准许某人进入/加入…
be admitted to/ into… 被…录取
Men will not be admitted to the restaurant without a tie.
[词形转换]
1）admission n. 允许进入；入场费；承认
19. inspire v. 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感；启发思考；使产生（情感）
inspire sb. to do sth. (with sth.)（用某物）激励某人做某事
He inspired many young people to take up the sport.
inspire sb. with sth. 使某人产生（感觉或情感） = inspire sth. in sb.
Her work didn’t exactly inspire me with confidence.
[词形转换]
1）inspired adj. 卓越的；激动人心的
2）inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
3）inspiration n. 灵感；启发灵感的人（或事物）
20. explore v. 探索；勘探；探究
[词形转换]
1）explorer n. 探险家
2）exploration n. 探险
21. master
1）n. 高手；主人；硕士
They lived in fear of their master.
2）v. 精通，掌握（= have a good knowledge of）；控制（情绪）
French was a language he had never mastered.
22. satisfaction n. 满足；令人满意的事
to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction.
a sense of satisfaction 满足感
[词形转换]
1）satisfy v. 使满意；满足
satisfy one’s needs/ demand/ curiosity 满足某人的需求/好奇心
His answer satisfied my curiosity.
2）satisfied adj. 满意的，满足的
be satisfied with… 对…满意
He was satisfied with his present life.
3）satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
4）satisfying adj. 令人高兴的，令人满意的
It’s satisfying to play a game really well.
23. root
1）n. 根；根源
take root 生根
Since that day, a dream has taken root in my heart.
2）v.（使）生根
be rooted in 根植于，扎根于
No country, no happiness. Everyone must be rooted in the soil of the motherland.
24. exist v. 存在；生存
We can’t exist without air.
[词形转换]
1）existence n. 存在；生活
bring…into existence 使…产生；使…成立
come into existence 开始存在；产生；成立
in existence 存在的；现存的
I’m afraid this is the only copy of the book that is still in existence.
2）existing adj. 现存的；正在使用的（仅用于名词前）
3）existent adj. 现存的；现有的
25. breathe v. 呼吸
People are concerned about the quality of the air they breathe.
breathe in/ out 吸气/呼气
[词形转换]
1）breath n. 呼吸
take a deep breath 深呼吸
Take a deep breath and then breathe out when I’ll tell you.
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
All the country held their breath to see who would win the election.
be out of breath 喘不过气
take one’s breath away 令某人惊叹
draw breath 喘口气
2）breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的；激动人心的

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