Unit3 Sports and Fitness知识点归纳 同步语法 任务单(含答案)-2025-2026学年人教版(2019)高中英语必修第一册

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Unit3 Sports and Fitness知识点归纳 同步语法 任务单(含答案)-2025-2026学年人教版(2019)高中英语必修第一册

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新人教版必修一 Unit3 知识点归纳
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
Part one Vocabulary
1. come along 跟随;到达;进步;赶快
come up with 想出;拿出
come about 发生;产生
come out 出现;开花;出版
come across 偶然遇见
come over 从远处来;拜访
come to 共计;达到
2. host vt. 主办;主持 n.主人;东道主;节目主持人
a host country/city 主办国/城市
play host to… 主办…….;款待…...
3. work out 锻炼;计算出;解决
work on 努力说服;致力于
work at 努力做;致力于
work as 当……;做……工作
at work 在工作;起作用
out of work 失业
4. honour n. 荣誉;光荣;赞美
honour sb. with sth. 某事使某人感到荣幸
in honour of sb. 纪念
5. determination n. 决心;决定
determine vt. & vi. 决定;确定;(使)下定决心
with determination 坚决地
6. injure vt. 使受伤;损害
injured adj. 受伤的;受到伤害的;委屈的
get /be seriously injured 受重伤
7. give up 放弃;投降
give in 屈服;让步;交上
give away 赠送;泄露
give back 归还
8. compete vi. 竞争;对抗
compete in 参加……比赛;在……方面竞争
compete with/against…for… 为争取……而与……对抗/抗争
9. pretend vi.&vt. 假装;装扮
pretend to do 假装做某事
10.make sense 有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚
It makes sense to do sth. 做某事是明智的
11. diet n. 规定饮食;日常饮食 vi. 节食
go on a diet 节食;控制饮食(表动作)
be on a diet 再节食(表状态)
12. make a difference 有作用或影响
make a difference to sb./sth. 对... ...有影响/有关系
13. rather than 而不是
would do sth. rather than do sth.
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 比起……更愿意做……
pare …with/ to 与……比较
15. cut … out 停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
16. stress n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
under stress 在压力下
lay/ put/ place/ stress on… 强调/重视……
Part two Grammar
1. 反意疑问句的概念
反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句,指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问句,用于对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问或表示证实。陈述部分与附加部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致,但是肯定和否定形式却彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问句部分用否定式;陈述部分为否定式时,附加部分用肯定式。如:
He's late, isn't he 他迟到了,不是吗
He isn't late, is he 他没有迟到,不是吗
反意疑问句的附加部分不管是肯定的,还是否定的,通常都可译为“是吗”“对吗”“是不是”“对不对”“不是吗”“不对吗”等。
2. 反意疑问句的缩写问题
当反意疑问句的附加部分为否定式时,习惯上只用缩写形式,不能分开来写。如:
正:You love him very much, don't you 你很爱他,对不对?
误:You love him very much, do not you 你很爱他,对不对?
3.反意疑问句的回答问题
肯定回答:yes + 肯定结构, 否定回答:no +否定结构
但是在前肯后否的结构中,“yes”要翻译成“不”,“no”要翻译成“是”
They work hard, don’t they 他们努力工作,不是吗?
Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. 不,他们努力工作。/ 是的,他们工作不努力。
They don’t work hard, do they 工作他们不努力,是吗?
Yes, they do. /No, they don’t. 不,他们工作努力。/ 是的,他们工作不努力。
4. 反意疑问句的主语问题
反意疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致,且只能是代词,不能是名词。如:
误:Jim likes English very much, doesn't Jim
正:Jim likes English very much, doesn't he 吉姆很喜欢英语,对吗?
如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词等,在附加部分应改用相应的人称代词。如:
That is a wallet, isn't it 这是个钱包,是吗
Nothing is serious, isn't it 一点也不严重,对吗?
注意,如果陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等指人的复合不定代词时,其附加部分的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they。如:
Nobody likes it, does he [don't they] 没有一个人喜欢它,是吗
5. 涉及have的反意疑问句
当陈述部分含有动词have时,要分清它是助动词还是实义动词。如果是助动词,则附加部分仍将其用作助动词。如:
He has finished his homework, hasn't he 他做完作业了,对不对
当have表示“所有”时,则附加部分既可以用have,也可以用助动词do。如:
He has a lot of money, hasn't [doesn't] he 他有很多钱,是吗?
但是,若陈述部分用的是have的否定式,则反意疑问句用have 还是用do,取决于陈述部分的动词形式:
He hasn't any money, has he 他没有钱,是吗
He doesn't have any money, does he 他没有钱,是吗
第一句的陈述部分用的是hasn't,所以附加部分用has,不用does;第二句的陈述部分用的是doesn't have,所以附加部分要用does,不能用has——千万别忘了前后保持一致噢!
若表示“吃”“玩”等意思,则附加部分用do,但要根据陈述部分的谓语时态,变化have的形式,如has, had。请看:
He has supper at 5, doesn't he 他5点吃晚餐,是吗
He had a good time at the party, didn't he 他在晚会上玩得很开心,是吗
第一句中的has表示“吃”,且为第三人称单数形式,所以其后的附加部分用does;第二句中的had用于have a good time构成习语,表示“玩得高兴”,且其中的have为过去式,所以附加部分用did。
6. 涉及祈使句的反意疑问句
若陈述部分为祈使句,则其附加部分通常用will you, won't you, would you等。如:
Come tomorrow, will you 明天来吧,好不好
Try it again, won't you 再试一次,好吗
但是,如果前面为否定的祈使句,则其附加问句部分要用肯定形式will you,而不能用否定形式的won't。如:
Don't tell him, will you 不要告诉他,好吗?
注意,当祈使句Let's…或Let us…开头时,情况比较特殊——由于Let's…总是表示建议,所以其后的附加部分总是用shall we。如:
Let's have a break, shall we 我们休息一下吧,好不好?
Let's meet on Monday, shall we 咱们星期一碰头吧,好不好?
而祈使句以let us…时则有所不同,由于它有时表示请求,有时表示建议,所以要区别对待——表示请求时,附加部分用will you;表示建议时,附加部分用shall we。如:
Let us know your address, will you 请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗
Let us go swimming together, shall we 我们一起去游泳吧,好吗
7. 反意疑问句应该注意的问题
(1)当陈述部分含有 never, seldom, hardly, few, little, barely, scarcely, nothing, none, rarely, no, not, no one, nobody, neither等具有否定意义的词汇时,后面的附加问句为肯定形式。
He can hardly swim, can he 他不大会游泳,对吗?
(2)如果陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等指人的复合不定代词时,其附加部分的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they。
Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they/isn’t he 你家里每个人都是老师,不是吗?
(3)当陈述部分的主语为everything, something, anything, nothing等表示物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it.
Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it 你的表坏了,对吗?
(4)当陈述部分含有否定意义的词是unhappy, dislike, unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,即含有un-, dis-, 前缀或-less后缀等词缀而意义否定的词时,作为肯定句处理,疑问部分用否定形式。
He looks unhappy, doesn’t he 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
(5)陈述部分有less, fewer等词时视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。
There will be less pollution, won’t there 污染会更少,不是吗
Part three Sentence
1. This helps you to relate what you already know and to understand the new text.
what 引导的宾语从句
What引导的宾语从句在句中作宾语,what在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
2. One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.
because of(由于;因为)
Because of为介词短语,后常接名词、代词、v –ing或what引导的名词性从句做宾语。
3. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
现在完成时+since…
since 后接表示过去的时间,或一般过去时态的状语从句时,句子/主句要用现在完成时。
同步语法 | 新人教版 必修一Unit 3:反意疑问句
反意疑问句
一、理解概念
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的简短问句组成。其中简短问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。
二、语法规则
(一)反意疑问句的分类
反意疑问句根据其肯定及否定形式一般可分为两类:肯定陈述+否定疑问及否定陈述+肯定疑问。
The basketball match was wonderful, wasn't it
篮球比赛很精彩,是吗?
Your father didn't go to the basketball match with you, did he
你爸爸没有和你一起去看篮球赛,是吧?
(二)简短问句的特征及构成
1.特征
简短问句与陈述句之间要用逗号隔开,且它的主语总是使用代词,这个代词与前面陈述句中的主语要保持一致。其动词要根据陈述句的谓语而定。一般情况下,肯定的陈述句后跟否定的简短问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的简短问句,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”。
Mary is not good at playing the violin, is she
玛丽不擅长拉小提琴,是不是?
You like jogging, don't you
你喜欢慢跑,是吗?
2.构成
简短问句由“系动词/助动词/情态动词+人称代词”组成。助动词及人称代词要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择 ,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。
(1)简短问句的动词通常是陈述句谓语中的(第一个)助动词或情态动词,或者是系动词be。
His sister is the manager of the newly founded company, isn't she
他姐姐是这家新建公司的经理,是吗?
The elderly headmaster can't use computer, can he
这位年老的校长不会使用电脑,是吗?
They have finished their homework, haven't they
他们已经完成作业了,是吗?
The woman singer had left when you arrived, hadn't she
当你到达时,那个女歌手已经离开了,是吧?
(2)若陈述句中的谓语不含be、助动词或情态动词时,要用相应的do/does/did 构成简短问句,切记前后时态要保持一致。
The mother asked the teacher to help her, didn't she
那位母亲让老师帮帮她,是吗?
All the students love the humorous teacher's class, don't they
所有的学生都喜欢那位幽默老师的课,是吧?
The boy likes model planes, doesn't he
小男孩喜欢飞机模型,是吗?
(三)反意疑问句的回答
回答反意疑问句时,不管简短问句前的陈述句是肯定的还是否定的,肯定的回答要用Yes,否定的回答要用No。可以简单地归纳为:
陈述句+简短问句 的形式:
“肯定,+否定”或“否定,+肯定”
答句的两部分:
“肯定,+肯定”或“否定,+否定”
—You will not forget him, will you
—Yes, I will./No, I won't.
——你不会忘记他,是吗?
——不,我会忘记。/是的,我不会忘记他。
—You will forget him, won't you
—Yes, I will./No, I won't.
——你会忘记他,不是吗?
——是的,我会忘记。/不,我不会忘记他。
三、反意疑问句的注意事项
(一)陈述句中含有特殊主语,其简短问句部分需要根据具体情况而定
1. 陈述部分的主语是I,简短问句部分要用aren't I。
I'm late for the meeting,aren't I
我开会迟到了,是吗?
2. 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this时, 疑问部分主语用it;these或those后用they。
Everything is ready, isn't it
一切都准备好了,是吗?
These flowers are expensive, aren't they
这些花很贵,是吗?
3. 陈述部分的主语是不定代词someone(body),anyone(body),everyone(body), no one, nobody 等时,其简短问句的主语强调全部可用they,强调个体可用he。
Everyone passed the exam, didn't they/he
每个人都通过了考试,是吗?
Someone is coming, aren't they/isn't he
有人来了,是吗?
4. 陈述部分是“there be”结构时,其后的简短问句仍用there。
There's not much news in today's newspaper, is there
今天的报纸上没有什么新闻,是吗?
5. 陈述句的主语是从句、不定式或动名词时,简短问句的主语用it。
What you said is wrong, isn't it
你说的错了,不是吗?
To learn English well isn't easy, is it
学好英语不容易,是吗?
Practising speaking English every morning will do you good, won't it
每天早晨练习说英语对你有好处,不是吗?
(二)陈述句含有特殊动词
1. 含有used to 时,疑问部分用didn't+主语或 usedn't+主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't/usedn't he
他过去常常在那儿拍照,是吗?
You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn't/didn't you
你过去常常开着窗子睡觉,是吗?
2. 陈述部分有had better+动词原形时,疑问句部分用hadn't+主语。
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you
你最好自己读,好吗?
3. 陈述部分有have to+动词原形 (had to+动词原形),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。
We have to write it with a pen, don't we
我们必须要用钢笔填写,是吗?
4. 陈述部分用否定词或半否定词 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。
He is never late for school, is he
他上学从不迟到,是吗?
5. 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis, un, im或否定后缀less的词(dislike, discourage,be unfair/untrue/unable, etc.),仍按肯定句处理,其反问部分一般用否定式。
It's unfair, isn't it 不公平,是吗?
You dislike it, don't you 你不喜欢它,是吗?
The patient is unable to move round, isn't he
这个病人不能到处走,是吗?
6. 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句:
(1)当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分用needn't。
You must go now, needn't you
你现在必须走,是吗?
(2)当含有mustn't(不允许,禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must/may。
You mustn't smoke here, must/may you
你不可以在这里吸烟,对吗?
7. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,简短问句部分常用 need (dare)+主语。
We need not do it again, need we
我们不需要重做,是吗?
He dare not say so, dare he
他不敢如此说,是吗?
(三)陈述部分是祈使句
1. 肯定的祈使句后面的简短问句一般用will you或won't you。若陈述部分是否定的祈使句,简短问句部分用will you。此时,简短问句部分必须为肯定式。
Go with me, will you/won't you
跟我走,好吗?
Don't do that again, will you
不要再那样做了,好吗?
2. 以Let's 开头的祈使句,后面的简短问句部分要用“shall we?”;而以Let us 开头的祈使句,后面的简短问句部分要用“will you?”。
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we
让我们去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading room, will you 让我们在阅览室等你,好吗?
(四)陈述句是复合句
1. 若陈述部分是一个主从复合句,简短问句一般要与主句一致。
2. 当陈述部分是“I'm sure, I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I suppose, I expect, I imagine+宾语从句”等结构时,简短问句部分的主语和谓语动词应与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。
I don't believe he will succeed, will he
我不相信他会成功,是吗?
(五)陈述部分是感叹句
感叹句中,简短问句用be+主语,并且只能用否定式。
What beautiful flowers, aren't they
多漂亮的花呀,不是吗?
学以致用
Ⅰ.完成下列反意疑问句
1. Your mother is a music lover,___________
2. You met your favourite football player yesterday,___________
3. She often feels tired,___________
4. The little boy can't play basketball,___________
5. Let's take action together to make our city more beautiful,___________
6. The old man has drunk too much,___________
7. He doesn't believe he will succeed,___________
8. There used to be an old stone bridge across the river,___________
9. What you need is more practice,___________
10. Please turn down the radio,___________
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. The teacher dislikes reading books, does he
2. —He isn't a famous player in his country, is he
—No, he is.
3. I am the last one to come, am I
4. Nothing is wrong with your computer, isn't it
5. I don't think he can finish the work on time, can't he
参考答案
Ⅰ.
1. isn't she 2. didn't you 3. doesn't she
4.can he 5. shall we 6. hasn't he
7. does he 8. usedn't there/didn't there
9. isn't it 10. will you/won't you
Ⅱ.
1.does→doesn't
2. No→Yes或第二个is→isn't
3. 第二个am→aren't
4.isn't →is
5. can't →can

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