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8AUnit8单词讲练
一、词汇专练
一、）词汇拓展（四会词&短语）：
sound adj.健康的，无损伤的; sound linking v. 听起来; sound n. 声音; adv.(睡得)沉; 酣畅地;
safe and sound 安然无恙
emergency n.紧急情况；pl. emergencies; adj. 紧急的；应急的；用于紧急情况的；紧急情况下使用的；紧急情况下出现的；
heating n. 供暖 heat n.热量v.加热(物体); 使变暖;
situation n.情况
lightning n.闪电
office n.办公室，办公楼
homeless adj.无家可归的; endless/hopeless/nameless/timeless/careless…
coach n.长途汽车
road n.道路
accident n.事故
*typhoon n.台风
terrible adj.可怕的 awful adj.糟糕的，极讨厌的;
state n.状态，情况
fireman n. (pl. firemen) 消防员fire+ man →fireman
traffic n.交通
shake n., vi. & vt.摇动
thunder n.雷声
shout vi. & n. 呼駿，喊叫
fear n.恐惧，害怕;
in fear恐惧地，害怕地
direction n. 方向;
in all directions四处，到处
silent adj.安静的silence n.安静
nervous adj.焦虑的;胆怯的
beat vi. &vt.
say to oneself暗想;自言省(使)规律作响或运动;用劲敲打
calm vi. & vt.(使) 平静，(使)镇静;
calm down(使)平静
since conj.因为，既然; because//as//for
weak adj.虚弱的
voice n.嗓音，说话声，唱歌声; sound//noise
except prep. (= except for) 除…之外; besides prep. 除…之外; except（排除的对象不包括在内）besides（排除的对象包括在内）
smoke n.烟
burn vi. 着火;vt. & vi.(使)烧毁，烧伤
put out 扑灭，熄灭
heavily adv.大量地heavy adj.大量
guess vt. &vi. 猜测，估计
hat n.(常指带檐的)帽子 cap n. 帽子
clear vt.清除，清理
policeman n.(pl. policemen)(男)警察; police+ man →policeman
ache n. & vi.疼痛
postman n. (pl. postmen) 邮递员; post+ man →postman
airport n.机场; air+ port →airport
passport n.护照; pass+ port →passport
close adj. 差一点儿，险些
report vi., vt. & n. 报道; 汇报; 传闻
so far 迄今为止
including prep.包括…在内; include vt.包括
sign n.标牌，指示牌
avoid vt. 避免，防止avoid sth/doing sth
wound n.伤，伤口
bleed vi.流血，失血 blood n. 血
press vt.& vi.按，压
firmly adv. 紧紧地; firm adj.坚固的; 坚定的; 稳固的;
right away 立即，马上
warn vt. &vi. 警告，告诫; warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告（劝诫）某人（不）要做某事;
二、）词语辨析：
terrible // awful
terrible表示“可怕的，令人不适的”, 强调的是恐惧或不适感, 强调惊骇让人难以接受的情况。如：Some survived these terrible times. 一些人在这些可怕的时期幸存下来。
The next morning, my sister and I got a terrible surprise. 第二天早上，我和姐姐受到了一个可怕的惊吓。
awful表示“非常糟糕的”，强调的是情感上的强烈反感, 一般指敬畏让人害怕的情况。如：That's an awful colour.那颜色难看得很。
I feel awful about forgetting her birthday.我忘了她的生日，感到很难过。
It would be awful if he found out the truth./r/n如果他发现了真相，那就糟了。
since// because//as//for
because, as, for, since这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词，语气由强至弱依次为：because→ since→ as→ for;其中because, since, as均为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；而for 是并列连词，引导并列句。
because表示直接原因，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。如：
I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我呆在家里。
在强调句型中，只能用because。如：
It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school. 我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。
since侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为”、“既然”，语气比because稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。如：
(1)Since he asks you, you’ll tell him why. 他既然问你，那就告诉他为什么吧。
(2)Since everyone is here, let’s start. 既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧！
as是常用词，它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于”。从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。如：
(1)We all like her as she is kind. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。
(2)As I had a cold, I was absent from school. 因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。
for用作连词时，与because相似，但它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交待过的情况。for不表示直接原因，表明附加或推断的理由，因此for被看作等立连词，它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部(或单独成为一个句子)，并且前后两个分句间的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系，其间用逗号隔开，且for不可置于句首，for的这一用法常用在书面语中，较正式。如：
(1)The days are short, for it is now December. 白天短了，因为现在已是十二月份。
(2)It must have rained, for the ground is wet. (从“地面潮湿”作出“下过雨”的推测，但地湿并不一定是下雨所致, for不可以换为because。)
(3)The ground is wet because it has rained. (“下雨”是“地上潮湿”的直接原因。)
前后两个分句间有一定的因果关系时(有时很难区分是直接原因，还是推测性原因)，for与because可以互换使用。如：
(4)I could not go, for / because I was ill. 我没能去，是因为我病了。
(5)He felt no fear, for / because he was a brave boy. 他没有害怕，因为他是个勇敢的男孩。
voice//sound//noise
voice指“声音”，多指人声带发出的声音，包括说话声、歌声和笑声，有时也引申为“意见、呼声、发言权”。如：She has a soft voice .她说话声音很柔。
"The police are here," she said in a low voice. “警察在这儿，” 她低声说。
In the meeting, everyone's voice has equal weight. 会议中每个人的意见（呼声）都重要。
sound有“声音”之意，含义最广，指可以听到的任何声音。如：
a weak sound微弱的声音；What made these sounds 这些声音是怎么回事
noise有“嗓音，嘈杂声，吵闹声”之意，特指不悦耳、不和谐的声音。它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。如：There was too much noise in the room and he needed peace.房间里有太多噪音了，他需要安静。
二、即时自测：根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词或短语，注意格、性、数、级的变化。
Last night, a (1)____________(可怕的) typhoon hit our city. The wind blew (2)_____________(大量地) and the rain poured down. People could hear the loud (3)_____________(雷声) and see bright (4)_____________(闪电) outside.
Mr. Li was in his (5) _____________ (办公室) when the typhoon came. He tried to call his family but the (6)_____________(情况) was too dangerous. Suddenly, a window broke and some bricks fell down. He felt (7)_____________(焦虑的) but tried to (8)_____________(平静).
After the typhoon, Mr. Li ran home. Luckily, his family was (9)_________________________(安然无恙). Their house had a slight (10)_____________(摇动) but no big damage. Some (11)_____________(消防员) and (12)_____________(警察) were working on the road to (13)_____________(清除) the mess. A (14)_____________(报道) from the TV said no one got a (15)_____________(伤) or (16)_____________(流血).
(17)_____________(迄今为止), people are trying to fix their houses. The government (18)_____________(警告) everyone to (19)_____________(避免) going out unless necessary. Though the typhoon was scary, people helped each other and stayed strong in (20)_____________(害怕) of nothing.
答案：
1. terrible 2.heavily 3. thunder 4. lightning 5.office
6. situation 7. nervous 8. calm down 9. safe and sound 10. shake
11. firemen 12. policemen 13. clear 14. report 15. wound
16. bled 17. So far 18. warned 19.avoid 20. fear

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