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2025年秋新外研版英语八年级上册 基础知识整理
一、易混易误单词
article n.(报刊的)文章
artificial adj.人造的,人工的
bled v.流血,出血
blood n.血,血液
blind adj.盲的,失明的
built v.建造,盖,造
brain n.脑,大脑
bring v.带来,拿来
cash n.现款,现金
catch v.抓住,赶上
cause n.原因,起因
because conj.因为
divide v.(把……)分开
decide v.决定
effect n.效应,影响,结果
effort n.努力
except prep.除……之外
expect v.预料,预期,预计
expert n.专家
fair n.展览会
fear n.害怕,恐惧,担忧
二、熟词新义
address n.地址→v. 在(信封,包裹上)写上姓名和地址
belt n.腰带,皮带→n. 地区,地带
bright adj.鲜艳的→adj. 明亮的,光线充足的
character n.(书,剧本,电影中的)人物,角色→n. (某人的)个性,性格
coach n.公共马车,四轮大马车→n. 教练
lane n.……巷(常用于路名中)
line n.线
mess n.脏乱,凌乱
miss v.思念,想念
object n.物体
project n.项目
poem n.诗,韵文
poet n.诗人
quite adv.很,较为
quiet adj.安静的,平静的
search n.寻找,搜索,搜寻
research n.& v. 研究,调查
service n.(车,船等的)交通服务,班次
serve v.招待,为……服务
test v.试验,检验
text n.短信,短消息
thick adj.浓密的,混浊的
think v.想,认为
throat n.喉咙,咽喉
throw v.投,扔,抛,掷
wound n.伤痛,伤害
would modal v.会
double adj. 双倍的,两倍的→v. (使)加倍
effect n.效应,影响,结果→v. 引起,使发生
fair n.展览会→adj. 适当的,合理的,公平的
fix v.解决(问题)→v. 修理
grade n.年级→n. 等级,成绩,分数
knock v.敲门(窗)→v. 碰撞,碰倒,撞倒
lend v.借给,借出→v. 帮助(某人)做事(尤指需要体力的事
(给某人)搭把手
message n.(电影、书籍、讲话等的) 要旨，主题思想，寓意→n. 口信，消息
object n.物体→n. 目的，目标，宗旨
opposite prep.在……的对面→adj. 对立的，相反的
paint v.(用颜料) 画，绘→n. 油漆，涂料
pass v.过去，流逝→v. 经过，越过，穿过
perfect adj.完成时的一→adj. 完美的，完好的
reach v.实现；达成→v. 伸，伸手
row n.一排，一行→v. 划（船）
save v.节省，节约→v. 拯救，挽救；储蓄，存钱
sense v. 检测并记录→n. (对某事物的) 感觉
shower n.一大批，一阵→n. 淋浴；淋浴器
sign n.标记；指示牌，标牌→v. 签（名），署（名）
simply adv.只是，只要→adv. 简单易懂地
slim adj.苗条的，修长的一→adj. (数量或数字) 微小的
smoke n.(燃烧产生的) 烟→v. 吸烟；冒烟
stick v.粘，贴→n. 柴枝，枝条；棍
straight adv.笔直地，成直线地→adj. 笔直的，平直的
test v.验证；检验→n. 测验，考试
thick adj.浓密的；混浊的一→adj. 厚的，粗的
trouble v.使忧虑，使苦恼→n. 麻烦，问题，困难
三、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词
1. AAA 型(原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost—cost—cost 花费
cut—cut—cut 割,切
hit—hit—hit 打
let—let—let 让
put—put—put 放下
read—read—read 读
hurt—hurt—hurt 受伤
2. AAB 型(原形和过去式同形)
beat—beat—beaten 打败
3. ABA 型(原形和过去分词同形)
come—came—come 来
become—became—become 变成
run—ran—run 跑
4. ABB 型(过去式和过去分词同形)
(1) 在原形后加字母(e)d 或 t 构成过去式或过去分词。
burn—burnt/burned—burnt/burned 燃烧
learn—learnt/learned—learnt/learned 学习
mean—meant—meant 意思是
hear—heard—heard 听见
(2) 把原形的最后一个字母改为 t 构成过去式或过去分词。
build—built—built 建造
lend—lent—lent 借给(注：原文"lead"疑似为"lend"之误)
lose—lost—lost 失去
send—sent—sent 发送
spend—spent—spent 花费
(3) 把原形中的 ay 改为 aid 构成过去式或过去分词。
pay—paid—paid 付费
lay—laid—laid 下蛋
say—said—said 说
(4) 过去式或过去分词以 ought 或 aught 结尾。
bring—brought—brought 带来
fight—fought—fought 战斗
buy—bought—bought 买
think—thought—thought 想
catch—caught—caught 抓住
teach—taught—taught 教
(5) 把原形中的 eep 改为 ept 构成过去式或过去分词。
sleep—slept—slept 睡
keep—kept—kept 保持
sweep—swept—swept 扫
(6) 把原形中的元音字母 i 或 e 改变后构成过去式或过去分词。
win—won—won 获胜
shine—shone—shone 发光
sit—sat—sat 坐
dig—dug—dug 挖
get—got—got 得到
(7) 把原形中的 ell 改为 old 构成过去式或过去分词。
sell—sold—sold 卖
tell—told—told 告诉
(8) 其他
feel—felt—felt 觉得
stand—stood—stood 站立
understand—understood—understood 明白
find—found—found 发现
hang—hung—hung 悬挂
have—had—had 有
hold—held—held 抓住
leave—left—left 离开
make—made—made 制造
meet—met—met 遇见
shoot—shot—shot 射击
5. ABC 型（原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
(1) 把原形中的 ow/aw 改为 ew 构成过去式，在动词原形后加 n 构成过去分词。
blow—blew—blown 吹
draw—drew—drawn 绘画
grow—grew—grown 生长；发育
know—knew—known 知道；了解
throw—threw—thrown 扔；掷
(2) 把原形中的 i 变为 o 构成过去式，在动词原形后加 n 或双写辅音字母加 n 构成过去分词。
drive—drove—driven 开车
rise—rose—risen 上升
ride—rode—ridden 骑
write—wrote—written 写
(3) 把原形中的 ake 变为 ook 构成过去式，在动词原形后加 n 构成过去分词。
take—took—taken 拿
shake—shook—shaken 摇；抖动
(4) 把原形中的 eal/eak 变为 ole/oke 构成过去式，在过去式后加 n 构成过去分词。 (注：原文"cak"疑似为"eak"之误)
steal—stole—stolen 偷；窃取
break—broke—broken 打破；弄破
speak—spoke—spoken 说
(5) 在原形后加 n 或 en 构成过去分词。
eat—ate—eaten 吃
fall—fell—fallen 落下
give—gave—given 给
see—saw—seen 看见
show—showed—shown 展示
(6) 在过去式后加 n 或双写辅音字母加 en 构成过去分词。
freeze—froze—frozen 冻结
choose—chose—chosen 选择
forget—forgot—forgotten 忘记
(7) 把原形中的 i 变为 a 构成过去式，变为 u 构成过去分词。
begin—began—begun 开始
ring—rang—rung 给……打电话
sing—sang—sung 唱
sink—sank—sunk 下沉
swim—swam—swum 游泳
drink—drank—drunk 喝；饮
(8) 其他
am,is—was—been 是
are—were—been 是
do—did—done 做
go—went—gone 去
lie—lay—lain 躺
wear—wore—worn 穿
fly—flew—flown 飞
练习题
习题一：单词释义匹配
将左列的单词与右列的正确释义连接起来。
1. article
2. artificial
3. bled
4. blood
5. blind
6. brain
7. catch
8. cause
9. divide
10. expert
A. 血, 血液
B. 人造的, 人工的
C. 专家
D. (报刊的)文章
E. 脑, 大脑
F. 盲的, 失明的
G. 原因, 起因
H. 流血, 出血
I. 抓住, 赶上
J. (把……)分开
习题二：选词填空
选择方框内合适的单词，用其正确形式填入句子中。
divide, decide, effect, effort, except, expect, fair, fear, research, service
1. It takes a lot of __________ to learn a new language.
2. The new policy will come into __________ next month.
3. Everyone passed the exam __________ John.
4. I __________ we will need about fifty chairs for the party.
5. The annual trade __________ attracts many visitors.
6. She has a __________ of heights.
7. The bus __________ to the airport runs every hour.
8. Scientists are conducting __________ on climate change.
9. We must __________ how to solve this problem.
10. The teacher asked us to __________ into four groups.
习题三：判断释义
判断下列句子中划线单词使用的是常用义(A)还是新义(B)。
1. Please address the envelope clearly.
2. He comes from the industrial belt.
3. She has a lovely, bright personality.
4. The team coach gave a motivating speech.
5. Could you lend me a hand with moving this table
6. The film's message is about the importance of family.
7. His main object is to improve his English.
8. Is it fair to judge people by their appearance
9. The mechanic will fix your car by tomorrow.
10. She achieved a perfect grade in the test.
习题四：动词形式填空
用括号内动词的正确形式填空（过去式或过去分词）。
1. Yesterday, she __________ (read) an interesting book.
2. Have you __________ (find) your lost keys yet
3. He __________ (come) to see me last week.
4. The sun has __________ (shine) all day.
5. They __________ (build) this house in 1990.
6. I have never __________ (eat) such delicious food.
7. She __________ (teach) English for twenty years.
8. The phone __________ (ring) while I was cooking.
9. He has __________ (write) three letters this morning.
10. We __________ (go) to the cinema last night.
习题五：动词形式转换
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词形式。
1. cut __________ __________
2. beat __________ __________
3. run __________ __________
4. burn __________ __________
5. lend __________ __________
6. pay __________ __________
7. bring __________ __________
8. sleep __________ __________
9. win __________ __________
10. sell __________ __________
习题六：不规则动词分类
将下列动词按AAA型、AAB型、ABA型、ABB型、ABC型进行分类。
1. cost (花费)
2. beat (打败)
3. come (来)
4. build (建造)
5. blow (吹)
6. put (放下)
7. become (变成)
8. hear (听见)
9. take (拿)
10. read (读)
答案 Key
习题一：单词释义匹配
1. D
2. B
3. H
4. A
5. F
6. E
7. I
8. G
9. J
10. C
习题二：选词填空
1. effort
2. effect
3. except
4. expect
5. fair
6. fear
7. service
8. research
9. decide
10. divide
习题三：判断释义
1. B (在...上写姓名地址)
2. B (地区, 地带)
3. B (开朗的) 注：此为bright的引申义
4. B (教练)
5. B (帮助，搭把手)
6. B (要旨，主题思想)
7. B (目的，目标)
8. B (公平的)
9. B (修理)
10. B (成绩，分数)
习题四：动词形式填空
1. read
2. found
3. came
4. shone
5. built
6. eaten
7. taught / has taught
8. rang
9. written
10. went
习题五：动词形式转换
1. cut, cut
2. beat, beaten
3. ran, run
4. burnt/burned, burnt/burned
5. lent, lent
6. paid, paid
7. brought, brought
8. slept, slept
9. won, won
10. sold, sold
习题六：不规则动词分类
AAA型: cost, put, read
AAB型: beat
ABA型: come, become
ABB型: build, hear
ABC型: blow, take

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