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Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE
维度一：品句填词
1.He learned to 　　　　（滑雪） during the winter vacation in the mountains.
2.We spent the night in a ropy old 　　　　　　（帐篷） in the open air.
3.The camp served as a 　　　　（基地） for the mountain climbers.
4.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to 　　　　　　（证明） the links between them.
5.The 　　　　　　（队长） of the ship was advised to turn back due to a sudden heavy storm.
6.The 　　　　　　（极地的） bear is found in the Arctic Circle.
7.My foot won’t go into this 　　　　（靴子）； it’s too small.
8.Africa is a c　　　　　　 known for its diverse cultures and landscapes.
9.Children were playing， taking turns to ride down the hill on a s　　　　　　.
10.Famous e　　　　　　 Marco Polo wrote about his travels in Asia.
维度二：词形转换
1.He deserves the highest praise for his 　　　　　　（brave）.
2.She answered all my questions with her usual 　　　　　　（honest）.
3.The nursery is bright and 　　　　　　（cheer）with plenty of toys.
4.No one will ever know what mix of talent， 　　　　　　（ambitious）， energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
5.Join a small group bike tour for an evening of 　　　　　　（explore） in the heart of Washington， D.C.
6.It was with 　　　　　　（sincere） and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
7.　　　　　　 （anxious）， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on， only to find it didn’t fit.
8.His eyes were fixed on a small house in the middle 　　　　　　（distant）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面的句子。
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （窜出一个孩子） from behind the door.
2.The two countries are going to meet to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（打破一些障碍） to trade between them.
3.This song 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（基于） an old folk tune.
4.He was very funny and 　　　　　　　　　　（让我们笑） all the way.
维度四：课文语法填空
　　On 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott was on his way to Antarctica when he received a message from another explorer， Roald Amundsen， 1.　　　　　　 （say） that he was going to Antarctica，too.Then the race between the two was on.They first 2.　　　　　　 （organise） food bases before their journey.Amundsen was the first 3.　　　　　　 （leave） on 8 September，1911.He and his team arrived at the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there.On 25 January，1912，they returned 4.　　　　　　 （safe） to their starting site.
　　Captain Scott left on 1 November， 1911， and soon had problems.First his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties 5.　　　　　　 the snow and the cold.When Scott’s team finally arrived at the Pole，they were shocked and disappointed to see the Norwegian flag and began their return journey， one of 6.　　　　　　 worst in the history of 7.　　　　　　 （explore）.
　　They were tired，running out of food.Nevertheless， they found and carried 20 kilos of rocks 8.　　　　　　 proved that in the distant past， the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
　　9.　　　　　　　　 （fortunate），the members died one by one.The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.While Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole， the great courage shown by Scott and his team made them 10.　　　　　　 （hero）.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　What are the two things that make humans different from animals？ One is language and the other is music.It’s true that some animals can sing.However， the songs of animals like birds are very limited.It’s also true that humans， not animals， have developed musical instruments.
　　Music is a strange thing.It’s clearly different from language.However， people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song， it’s a very powerful form of communication.
　　If music is truly different from speech， then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific study suggests this is true.For example， Vissarion Shebalin， a Russian composer， had a stroke （中风） in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could， however， still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand， sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability， but they can still speak and understand speech.
　　Why does music have such a strong effect on us physically and emotionally？ That’s a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller， a researcher at University College， London， thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires special talent， practice and physical ability.That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate.For example， playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remember the notes.And playing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally， when a man sings to the woman he loves， it may be a way of showing off.
　　However， Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists， this is clearly an area that needs further research.
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph？（　　）
A.To introduce the main topic.
B.To show the author’s attitude.
C.To analyze causes.
D.To describe a process.
2.When is music considered especially powerful？（　　）
A.When it is translated into a language.
B.When it is combined with speech.
C.When it is sung by famous musicians.
D.When it is mixed with the cry of an animal.
3.What is the example of Vissarion Shebalin used to show？（　　）
A.Vissarion Shebalin is one of the luckiest persons.
B.Vissarion Shebalin is really interested in composing music.
C.The brain processes music and language separately.
D.Music and language are two different things.
4.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.Effects of music on humans.
B.A study on how music works.
C.Reasons why music affects us.
D.Ways of using music in daily life.
B
　　I was 17 years old.Along with a dozen other boys I had made a long trip to Iowa in order to see a college that I was thinking of attending.While the trip had been fun for the most part， now that I was there I was feeling depressed and alone.I was missing my family and was realising that I wouldn’t be seeing them very much if I went to school here.I was also missing the mountains， forests， and wild flowers in my home town.These things were a part of me.
　　Here in Iowa everything was flat.The grass looked burnt and brown.All that I could smell was a mixture of corn， mud， and pigs.I walked outside the dormitory of the college and sat on the grass.I closed my eyes and dreamed of being back home again.
　　When I finally opened them， however， I saw something that touched my soul.It was a Prairie（草原） Sunset.It seemed to fill the sky from horizon to horizon.Gold， red， purple and pink clouds all flowed together in a picture painted by Heaven’s own hand.It was so huge that it took my breath away.It made our mountain sunsets seem tiny.
　　I was filled with wonder and felt a special oneness.I realised that I had been foolish and judgmental.This place too had its own special beauty.This place too was a part of magic nature.
　　Over the years to come I learned something else.Each of us has a special beauty as well.Each of us has our own unique talents and abilities.Each of us has a beautiful， powerful love that only we can share.May you always do so then.May your life always shine bright.And may your love shine from your soul like a sunset on the Prairie.
5.What made the author feel unhappy in the first paragraph？（　　）
A.A feeling of homesickness.
B.A sense of being abandoned.
C.Being left alone in the college.
D.Being afraid of the new environment.
6.How did the author feel about things in Iowa before he/she opened his/her eyes？（　　）
A.Familiar.　　　　　　 B.Curious.
C.Surprised. D.Disappointed.
7.What does the underlined part “it took my breath away” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A.It was extremely ordinary. B.It was extremely beautiful.
C.It made me feel confused. D.It made me feel frightened.
8.What message is conveyed in this passage？（　　）
A.Learn from others’ strong points.
B.Show the best of you to the world.
C.Seek perfection in whatever you see.
D.Everything exists with a unique value.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·安庆高一上期末）Thanks to a group of brave strangers， a terrible accident was avoided.A 　9　 behind the wheel of a truck suddenly collapsed （晕倒）.When other drivers passed by， they began to 　10　 that something was terribly wrong.“I looked over to the right and I saw an old man 　11　 his truck but he had collapsed，” said Juordin Carter， who recorded the 　12　 on her phone.Several 　13　 people began to stop their trucks on the side of the road.Some of them even ran together with the truck， trying to get the driver’s 　14　.When the vehicle came to a complete stop， they 　15　 to try to speak with the man， but he couldn’t 　16　.The strangers used everything they could find to break the window of the truck， but it wasn’t 　17　.At last， Jelani Campbell， Carter’s friend broke the back window.“I 　18　 got on the truck and 　19　 the door，” Campbell said.The man received the immediate 　20　 as an ambulance （救护车） arrived.Carter 　21　 parts of the event online.People were excited and 　22　 that the story had a happy ending.Carter was also glad to receive a lot of praise.These kind strangers were just happy that everything 　23　 well in the end.
9.（　）A.stranger　　　　　　 B.man
C.worker D.woman
10.（　）A.admit B.understand
C.notice D.think
11.（　）A.repairing B.driving
C.parking D.checking
12.（　）A.truck B.activity
C.location D.accident
13.（　）A.kind B.angry
C.local D.confident
14.（　）A.attention B.support
C.name D.help
15.（　）A.decided B.agreed
C.promised D.continued
16.（　）A.adapt B.reply
C.focus D.calm
17.（　）A.clear B.possible
C.easy D.important
18.（　）A.as usual B.at once
C.with patience D.in excitement
19.（　）A.opened B.kicked
C.locked D.pulled
20.（　）A.call B.button
C.treatment D.bag
21.（　）A.watched B.downloaded
C.sold D.shared
22.（　）A.relieved B.thankful
C.doubtful D.amazed
23.（　）A.fitted in B.got on
C.teamed up D.tuned out
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Pop music is often easy to remember， but it seems that you really can infect friends with your music taste.
　　Dora Rosati， lead author of a study from Canada along with colleagues， wondered 24.　　　　　　 they could learn anything about how songs become popular using mathematical tools that are more 25.　　　　　　 （usual） applied to study the spread of infectious diseases.
　　The team turned to a database of almost 1.4bn individual song downloads from MixRadio.26.　　　　　　 （focus） on the top 1，000 songs downloaded in the UK between 2007 and 2014， they 27.　　　　　　 （measure） how well a standard model of epidemic disease， called the SIR model， fitted trends in song downloads over time.
　　The research， 28.　　　　　　 （publish） in Proceedings of the Royal Society A： Mathematical and Physical Sciences， found the model performed just as well when describing song download trends 29.　　　　　　 it did when describing the spread of a disease through the population.
　　Rosati said，“It supports the idea 30.　　　　　 both music and infectious diseases depend on social 31.　　　　　　 （connection） to spread through populations.
“With a disease， if you come into contact with someone who is ill， then you have a certain chance of 32.　　　　　　 （catch） that disease.With songs， it looks very similar.The big 33.　　　　　　（different） is that for songs， it doesn’t necessarily have to be physical contact — it could be that my friend used this cool new song in their Instagram story， so now I’m going to go and find it.”
Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE
基础知识自测
维度一
1.ski　2.tent　3.base　4.prove　5.captain　6.polar
7.boot　8.continent　9.sledge　10.explorer
维度二
1.bravery　2.honesty　3.cheerful　4.ambition
5.exploration　6.sincerity　7.Anxiously　8.distance
维度三
1.Out rushed a child
2.break down some barriers
3.is based on
4.had us laughing
维度四
1.saying　2.organised　3.to leave　4.safely　5.with
6.the　7.exploration　8.which　9.Unfortunately　10.heroes
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言和音乐让人类区别于动物以及音乐给人们带来影响的原因。
1.A　推理判断题。文章开篇设问：使人类与动物不同的两样东西是什么？一种是语言，另一种是音乐。然后指出有些动物可以唱歌，然而，像鸟类这样的动物的歌曲非常有限。作者以人类与动物在音乐方面的区别，引出下文的音乐。由此可知，第一段的目的是引出主题。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的When music is combined with speech in a song， it’s a very powerful form of communication.可知，当与语言结合时，音乐是一种非常强大的交流方式。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，维萨里翁·谢巴林的例子用于表明大脑分别在不同的部分处理音乐和语言。
4.C　段落大意题。根据第四段中的Why does music have such a strong effect on us physically and emotionally？可知，本段主要介绍了音乐影响我们的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们这样一个人生哲理——万事万物都有其存在的独特价值。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者之所以感到伤感，是因为想起了家人及家乡的一切。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者对于爱荷华的一切都感到很平淡，不由闭上眼睛思念故乡。
7.B　句意理解题。根据第三段可知，作者看到当地草原上的日落后，被其壮观所震撼。
8.D　主旨大意题。最后一段是对全文的总结，作者通过分享自己的经历，告诉我们世界上的一切人或物都有其存在的独特价值。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一名司机在开车途中突然晕倒，多亏了一群勇敢的陌生人的帮助，才避免了一场可怕的事故。
9.B　根据下文I saw an old man可知，此处指坐在驾驶室的人突然晕倒了。
10.C　根据下文that something was terribly wrong可知，经过的司机注意到事情不对劲。
11.B　根据上文behind the wheel of a truck suddenly collapsed可知，老人当时在开车，突然晕倒了。
12.D　根据上文a terrible accident was avoided可知，此处指用手机记录下事故。
13.A　根据下文Some of them even ran together with the truck可知，这些善良的人们停下车，想要帮助司机。
14.A　根据上文Some of them even ran together with the truck， trying to get the driver’s可知，和卡车一起跑的原因是为了引起司机注意。
15.D　根据上下文语境可知，卡车停下后，他们继续和司机说话。
16.B　根据上文to try to speak with the man和下文The strangers used everything they could find to break the window of the truck可推知，司机没有回答。
17.C　根据上文The strangers used everything they could find to break the window of the truck以及but表示转折可知，想打破窗户并不容易。
18.B　根据下文got on the truck可知，Jelani Campbell打破车窗后，立即进入车里帮助司机。
19.A　根据下文the door可知，Jelani Campbell上了车并打开车门，好让该男子接受治疗。
20.C　根据下文as an ambulance （救护车） arrived可知，这名男子在救护车到达后马上接受了的治疗。
21.D　根据下文parts of the event online可知，Carter在网上分享了这一事件的部分内容。
22.A　根据下文the story had a happy ending可知，故事有了一个圆满的结局，人们感到安慰。
23.D　根据上文Thanks to a group of brave strangers， a terrible accident was avoided.可知，事情的最终结果是好的。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加拿大学者的一项研究表明，歌曲的流行和传染病的流行有很多相似的地方。
24.whether/if　考查宾语从句。wonder意为“好奇；想知道”，根据语境可知，这里填入whether/if引导一个宾语从句。
25.usually　考查副词。根据语境可知，这里应用一个副词来修饰谓语动词applied。
26.Focusing　考查非谓语动词。本句的主语是they，focus是由主语发出的主动的动作，因此填入动词-ing形式作状语。
27.measured　考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可知，这里应用一般过去时。
28.published　考查非谓语动词。该研究结果是“被发表”，因此这里用过去分词作后置定语。
29.as　考查状语从句。as well as表示“跟……一样好”，这里as引导一个状语从句。as it did相当于as the model performed。
30.that　考查同位语从句。这里that引导一个同位语从句，修饰前面的名词idea。
31.connections　考查名词。这里connection是可数名词，表示“熟人”，通常用作复数。
32.catching　考查非谓语动词。本空格前面是介词of，因此这里应用动词-ing形式。
33.difference　考查词形转换。根据本空格前面的The big可知，这里需要填入一个名词。
5 / 5Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE
　　On 1 June， 1910， Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica①.While he was on the way to② Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian③ explorer④ Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.Then the race to the South Pole began！
　　During the polar summer of 1910－1911， both teams organised food bases in preparation⑤ for their journeys the next year.[1]Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
　　Amundsen was [2]the first to leave on 8 September， 1911.He [3]had teams of dogs pulling the sledges⑥ and all his men were on skis⑦.Because of this， he made rapid progress⑧.Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.First， his two sledges broke down⑨ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with⑩ the snow and the cold.After a while ， Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.
　　[1]时间状语Then置于句首时引起完全倒装结构。
　　[2]句中to leave 为动词不定式作定语，修饰the first。
　　[3]have sb doing sth使某人一直做某事。
　　Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December， 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for the return journey.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January， 1912， ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
　　Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January，1912.They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary：
　　“Well， we have turned our back now on the goal of our ambition and must face our 800 miles of solid dragging — and good-bye to most of the daydreams.”
　　The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration .The men were soon very tired and were running out of food.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott started to realise their hopeless situation：
　　“...we are unendingly cheerful ， but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.[4]Pulling on foot gear in the morning is getting slower and slower ...”
　　However， on their way back they found time to look for rocks.They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them.Later， these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past， the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
　　Then disaster came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.The next to go was Captain Oates， who was having great difficulty walking .Scott recorded his death：
　　“He said，‘I am just going outside and may be some time.’...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death， but though we tried to dissuade him， we knew it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit， and assuredly the end is not far.”
　　Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.Scott spent some of his last hours writing.He wrote a letter [5]full of sadness to his wife Kathleen：
　　“What lots and lots I could tell you of this journey ...What tales you would have for the boys.But what a price to pay.”
　　Scott’s diary also told the story of their end：
　　“...we are getting weaker， of course， and the end cannot be far.It seems a pity， but I do not think I can write more.”
　　The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was moved by Scott’s death saying “Captain Scott left a record，for honesty ， for sincerity， for bravery， for everything that makes a man”.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole， but the great courage [6]shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
　　[4]句中Pulling on foot gear ...为动词-ing形式作主语。
　　[5]句中full of sadness 为形容词短语作定语，修饰a letter。
　　[6]句中shown by Scott and his men为过去分词短语作定语，修饰courage。
【读文清障】
①Antarctica 南极洲
②on the way to ...在去……的途中
③Norwegian adj.挪威的n.挪威人
④explorer n.探险者；勘察者
⑤preparation n.预备，准备
⑥sledge n.雪橇
⑦ski n.滑雪板vi.滑雪
⑧make progress 稳步前进；取得进步
⑨break down 停止运转，出故障
⑩have difficulty/trouble with sth 在某事上有困难
after a while 不久；过一会儿
prepare for 为……做准备
shock vt.震惊，惊骇
goal n.目的；目标
lose/achieve a goal 失去/实现目标
ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
face vt.& vi.面对，面向
in the history of在……的历史进程中
exploration n.探险；探索
run out of 用完，耗尽
hopeless adj.没有希望的
hopeful adj.有希望的
cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
all the way一路上，自始至终
at one time 曾经，一度
distant adj.久远的；遥远的
have difficulty （in） doing sth 做某事有困难
carry on继续做某事
within prep.在……之内，在……内部
sadness n.悲哀，忧伤
honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直
fail v.失败，不及格
fail to do sth未能做成某事
【参考译文】
　　1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。于是，奔向南极的赛跑就开始了！
　　在1910—1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年的旅程做准备。接着极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到来。
　　1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特动身，但很快就出现了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了一阵子，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推雪橇。
　　1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达极点，在那里插上了挪威国旗。然后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的团队提前10天安全抵达了他们出发的基地。
　　1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员终于到达了极点。当看到挪威国旗时，他们非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：
　　“好吧，我们现在已经背弃了我们奋斗的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰难跋涉——并且要告别大多数白日梦。”
　　他们的回程是探险史上最糟糕的旅程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气非常糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的处境令人绝望：
　　“我们依然保持乐观，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢……”
　　然而，在回去的路上，他们还花时间去寻找了岩石。他们一路上带着二十公斤的石头。后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
　　然后灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯得了一种可怕的疾病，重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。斯科特记下了他的死亡：
　　“他说，‘我要出去一下，可能会待上一会儿。’……我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。”
　　斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备处不足11英里的地方。但随后爆发了一场可怕的风暴，他们无法离开帐篷。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他写了一封充满悲伤的信给妻子凯瑟琳：
　　“关于这次旅行我有太多太多的事情想告诉你……很多你愿意给孩子讲的故事。但付出了多大的代价啊。”
　　斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：
　　“……当然，我们正在变得越来越虚弱，终点可能不远了。非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。”
　　斯科特死亡的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的离世所触动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切”。斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为了英雄。
Step One： Pre-reading
Look at the photos of Antarctica.What difficulties do you think explorers may face there？ What preparations do they need to make？（Answers may vary.）
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A.A race to the Pole.
B.The lesson from Captain Scott.
C.The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
D.Enough food will ensure us to go to the Pole.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole？（　　）
A.Less than one month. B.More than two months.
C.More than three months. D.Less than two months.
2.What was the attitude of Scott when he saw the Norwegian flag？（　　）
A.Sad.　　　　　　　　 B.Calm.
C.Excited. D.Shocked.
3.What may lead to the death of Scott？（　　）
A.Starvation. B.Being too tired.
C.A terrible storm. D.Low spirits.
4.What does Scott mean by writing “but what a price to pay”？（　　）
A.He spent much money on the journey.
B.He is optimistic about the journey.
C.He felt hopeless and thought he would die.
D.He should not have taken the journey.
5.How is the passage developed？（　　）
A.By analyzing causes. B.By following time order.
C.By making arguments. D.By making comparisons.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.品课文佳句
1.Read the passage carefully and find out the sentences used as psychological description.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find out the sentences describing the characters.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1.While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death， but though we tried to dissuade him， we knew it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole， but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅲ.讨论
1.Would you say that Scott and his team were losers？Why or why not？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What preparations do explorers need to make when exploring？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心词汇集释
on the way（＝on one’s way） 在途中；正在走向；即将到来
【教材原句】　While he was on the way to Antarctica， he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.
在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
【用法】
in the way　 挡道
by the way 顺便说一下
in a/one way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不（置于句首时句子用部分倒装）
【佳句】　On our way to the house， it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. （心理描写）
在我们回家的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。
【练透】　补全句子
①The good service made up for the poor food in the hotel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（在某种程度上）.
②　　　　　　　　 （顺便说一下）， I am quite interested in the theme of this lecture， so could you please tell me if there will be any video records about it？
【写美】　句式升级
③In his mind， she was in no way to blame.
→In his mind， in no way 　　　　　　　　.
base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
【教材原句】　During the polar summer of 1910－1911， both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910—1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年的旅程做准备。
【用法】
（1）base ...on/upon ...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
（2）basic adj.　　 基本的；基础的
（3）basis n. 基础；基点
on the basis of 在……的基础上
on a regular basis 定期
【佳句】　Team members need to receive training after school every day and are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis. （建议信）
队员们需要每天放学之后接受训练，并且定期被提供机会去观看乒乓球赛。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The novel 　　　　　　　　（base） on an interesting story and it was well worth reading.
②You’d better learn some 　　　　　　（base） Chinese before you study for a degree in Chinese culture.
③The 　　　　　　（base） of a good marriage is trust.
【写美】　句式升级（改写句①）
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the novel was well worth reading.（分词短语作状语）
⑤The novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　was well worth reading.（分词短语作定语）
preparation n.预备，准备
【用法】
（1） 为……做准备
（2）prepare v.　　　　预备，使有准备
prepare to do sth 准备做某事
（3）prepared adj. 准备好的
be prepared for 为……做好准备（表状态）
be prepared to do 愿意做……
【佳句】　The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. （建议信）
对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I prepare 　　　　　　（graduate） from Sanford H.Calhoun High School in Merrick.
②Careful 　　　　　　（prepare） for the exam is important.
③These materials are useful to review 　　　　preparation for the final exam.
【写美】　词汇升级
④She will need to be well prepared for the task ahead. 　　　　　　　　
break down 停止运转，出故障；（身体）垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；分解
【教材原句】　First， his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
【用法】
break away （from） 挣脱（束缚）；脱离
break up 驱散；分散；打碎；（婚姻或关系）结束，破裂
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话），插嘴
break into 闯入
break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；发生（无被动语态）
break through 取得突破；克服
【佳句】　Eat more healthy food， or you’ll break down sooner or later. （建议信）
多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。
【练透】　语境辨义/单句语法填空
①You should break down your methods so that each method does a particular task. 　　　　　　　
②If Tom carries on working like this， he will break down sooner or later. 　　　　　　　
③As far as I’m concerned， marriage based on money is bound to break 　　　　.
【写美】　 完成句子
④She is trying to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which makes her parents very happy.
她正试图改掉这个坏习惯，这使她的父母很高兴。
prove vt. 证明；证实
【教材原句】　Later， these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past， the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
【用法】
prove sth to sb　　　　　　　向某人证明某事
prove oneself （to be） ... 证明自己是……
prove （to be）＋名词/形容词 原来是；证明是
It is proved that ... 据证明……
【佳句】　The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to others.
困难在于他怎样向其他人证实他的想法。
She proved herself an able secretary.
她证实了自己是一个能干的秘书。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She proved 　　　　　　（her） to be an able secretary.
②Can you prove your theory 　　　　us？
【写美】　完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　　 reducing plastic use can greatly reduce pollution in our oceans. （演讲稿）
已经证明，减少塑料使用可以大大减少我们海洋中的污染。
distant adj.久远的；遥远的
【用法】
（1）be distant from ...　离……遥远
（2）distance n. 距离；远处
in the distance 在远处；在远方
at a distance 稍远处；隔一段距离
at a distance of 在距……的地方
keep one’s distance from ...＝ keep sb at a distance 与……保持距离/疏远
【佳句】　There is little doubt， however， that things will improve in the not too distant future.然而，毋庸置疑的是，事情在不远的将来会有改观。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On first acquaintance she is cool and slightly 　　　　　　（distance）.
②From his window， a church could be seen 　　　　the distance.
③Oil painting is to be appreciated 　　　　a distance.
【写美】　词汇升级
④I would keep my distance from that dog， if I were you！ 　　　　　　　
【点津】　对distance的提问多用what，而不用how far或how long。
重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装
【教材原句】　Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.接着极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
【用法】
完全倒装的三个条件：
（1）表示方位或时间的副词，如here， there， in， out， up， down， away， now， then等或表示方位的介词短语置于句首；
（2）谓语动词为be， lie， come， go， stand， sit 等；
（3）句子的主语是名词。
【品悟】　There comes a time when we must choose our own path. （演讲稿）
我们必须选择自己的道路，这一时刻已经来临了。
There comes a time when one must be responsible for his/her mistakes.到了一个人必须要为自己所犯的错负责的时候了。
【写美】　完成句子
①As soon as the bell rang， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。（rush）
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
那里矗立着一座明代的古塔。（stand）
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which is between the garden and the teaching building.
我们学校的中心是图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。（lie）
④　　　　　　　　　　， which made Jane wild with joy.（came）
接着传来熟悉的声音，这让简欣喜若狂。
句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】　He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
【用法】
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的三种结构：
（1）have sb/sth doing sth让……一直做某事（sb/sth与do之间是主谓关系）
（2）have sb do sth让某人做某事（sb与do之间是主谓关系）
（3）have sth done 让（他人）为自己做某事；遭遇某事（sth与do 之间是动宾关系）
【品悟】　But now， because I had my left foot injured， I cannot go with you as planned.
但是现在，因为我的左脚受伤了，我不能按计划和你一起去了。
【点津】　have sth to do有某事要做，have意为“有”，to do在句中作后置定语。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①There’s no need to worry.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不用担心，我会让车在外面等着的。
②He 　　　　　　　　　to buy some drinks.
他让他的助手出去买些饮料。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， so I can’t go skating with you.
我有很多家庭作业要做，不能和你一起去滑冰。
④Unfortunately， his right leg was injured during the training.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE
【文本透析·剖语篇】
Step Two
Ⅰ.A
Ⅱ.1－5　CDACB
Ⅲ.1.8 September　2.reached　3.25 January　4.broke down　5.rocks　6.shocked
Step Three
Ⅰ.1.（1）...we are unendingly cheerful， but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
（2）We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit， and assuredly the end is not far.
2.（1）Captain Scott left a record， for honesty， for sincerity， for bravery， for everything that makes a man.
（2）Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole， but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
Ⅱ.1.在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
2.我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。
3.斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为了英雄。
Ⅲ.1.I will never say they are losers.Although they had failed to win the race to the Pole， the extraordinary courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.
2.In my opinion，both material and spiritual preparations are needed before the expedition.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in a/one way　②By the way　③was she to blame
2.①was based　②basic　③basis　④Based on an interesting story　⑤based on an interesting story
3.①to graduate　②preparation　③in　④make good preparations for
4.①分解　②（身体）垮掉　③up　④break away from the bad habit
5.①herself　②to　③It is proved that
6.①distant　②in　③at　④keep myself at a distance from
重点句型解构
1.①out rushed the children　②There stands an ancient tower　③In the center of our school lies our library　④Then came a familiar voice
2.①I will have the car waiting outside　②had his assistant go out　③I have a lot of homework to do　④Unfortunately， he had his right leg injured during the training.
10 / 10(共107张PPT)
Section Ⅴ
LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
　　On 1 June， 1910， Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to
begin his journey to Antarctica①.While he was on the way to②
Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian③ explorer④ Roald
Amundsen which said he was going south，too.Then the race to the South
Pole began！
　　During the polar summer of 1910－1911， both teams organised food
bases in preparation⑤ for their journeys the next year.[1]Then came the
total darkness of the polar winter.Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously
for spring.
【读文清障】
①Antarctica 南极洲
②on the way to ...在去……的途中
③Norwegian adj.挪威的n.挪威人
④explorer n.探险者；勘察者
⑤preparation n.预备，准备
　　[1]时间状语Then置于句首时引起完全倒装结构。
　
　　Amundsen was [2]the first to leave on 8 September， 1911.He
[3]had teams of dogs pulling the sledges⑥ and all his men were on skis
⑦.Because of this， he made rapid progress⑧.Scott left on 1 November
and soon had problems.First， his two sledges broke down⑨ and then the
horses began to have serious difficulties with⑩ the snow and the
cold.After a while ， Scott and his men had to push the sledges
themselves.
　　[1]时间状语Then置于句首时引起完全倒装结构。
　　[2]句中to leave 为动词不定式作定语，修饰the first。
　　[3]have sb doing sth使某人一直做某事。
⑥sledge n.雪橇
⑦ski n.滑雪板vi.滑雪
⑧make progress 稳步前进；取得进步
⑨break down 停止运转，出故障
⑩have difficulty/trouble with sth 在某事上有困难
after a while 不久；过一会儿
　　Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December， 1911 and put a
Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for the return
journey.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base
on 25 January， 1912， ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
　　Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17
January，1912.They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian
flag.Scott wrote in his diary：
　　“Well， we have turned our back now on the goal of our ambition
and must face our 800 miles of solid dragging — and good-bye to
most of the daydreams.”
　　The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration
.The men were soon very tired and were running out of food.The
weather conditions were terrible.Scott started to realise their hopeless
situation：
　　“...we are unendingly cheerful ， but what each man feels in his
heart I can only guess.[4]Pulling on foot gear in the morning is getting
slower and slower ...”
　　However， on their way back they found time to look for rocks.They
carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them.Later， these rocks
proved that at one time in the distant past， the continent of Antarctica
was covered by plants.
　　Then disaster came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after
a bad fall.The next to go was Captain Oates， who was having great
difficulty walking .Scott recorded his death：
　　“He said，‘I am just going outside and may be some
time.’...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death， but
though we tried to dissuade him， we knew it was the act of a brave man
and an English gentleman.We all hope to meet the end with a similar
spirit， and assuredly the end is not far.”
　　Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within
eleven miles of one of their food bases.But then a terrible storm started
and they could not leave their tent.Scott spent some of his last hours
writing.He wrote a letter [5]full of sadness to his wife Kathleen：
　　“What lots and lots I could tell you of this journey ...What tales you
would have for the boys.But what a price to pay.”
　　Scott’s diary also told the story of their end：
　　“...we are getting weaker， of course， and the end cannot be
far.It seems a pity， but I do not think I can write more.”
　　The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was
moved by Scott’s death saying “Captain Scott left a record，for honesty
， for sincerity， for bravery， for everything that makes a man”.Scott
had failed to win the race to the Pole， but the great courage [6]shown
by Scott and his men made them heroes.
　　[4]句中Pulling on foot gear ...为动词-ing形式作主语。
　　[5]句中full of sadness 为形容词短语作定语，修饰a letter。
　　[6]句中shown by Scott and his men为过去分词短语作定语，修饰
courage。
prepare for 为……做准备
shock vt.震惊，惊骇
goal n.目的；目标
lose/achieve a goal 失去/实现目标
ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
face vt.& vi.面对，面向
in the history of在……的历史进程中
exploration n.探险；探索
run out of 用完，耗尽
hopeless adj.没有希望的
hopeful adj.有希望的
cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
all the way一路上，自始至终
at one time 曾经，一度
distant adj.久远的；遥远的
have difficulty （in） doing sth 做某事有困难
carry on继续做某事
within prep.在……之内，在……内部
sadness n.悲哀，忧伤
honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直
fail v.失败，不及格
fail to do sth未能做成某事
【参考译文】
　　1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始
了去南极洲的行程。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔
德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。于是，奔向南极的赛
跑就开始了！
　　在1910－1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为
来年的旅程做准备。接着极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。斯科特和
阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到来。
　　1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的
队员都在滑雪板上行进。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特动
身，但很快就出现了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在
大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了一阵子，斯科特和他的队员
不得不自己推雪橇。
　　1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达极点，在那里插上了挪威国旗。然
后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的团队提前10天安全抵
达了他们出发的基地。
　　1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员终于到达了极点。当看到挪
威国旗时，他们非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：
　　“好吧，我们现在已经背弃了我们奋斗的目标，而且必须要面对
800英里的艰难跋涉——并且要告别大多数白日梦。”
　　他们的回程是探险史上最糟糕的旅程之一。队员们很快就精疲力
竭，食物也快吃完了。天气非常糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的处境
令人绝望：
　　“我们依然保持乐观，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。大家
早上鞋子穿得越来越慢……”
　　然而，在回去的路上，他们还花时间去寻找了岩石。他们一路上
带着二十公斤的石头。后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过
去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
　　然后灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯得了一种可怕的疾病，重重地跌
倒后去世了。下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。斯科特
记下了他的死亡：
　　“他说，‘我要出去一下，可能会待上一会儿。’……我们知道
可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是
一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺
到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。”
　　斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备处不足11英
里的地方。但随后爆发了一场可怕的风暴，他们无法离开帐篷。在他
生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他写了一封充满
悲伤的信给妻子凯瑟琳：
　　“关于这次旅行我有太多太多的事情想告诉你……很多你愿意给
孩子讲的故事。但付出了多大的代价啊。”
　　斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：
　　“……当然，我们正在变得越来越虚弱，终点可能不远了。非常
遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。”
　　斯科特死亡的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的离世
所触动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇
敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切”。斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯
科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为了英雄。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
Step One： Pre-reading
Look at the photos of Antarctica.What difficulties do you think explorers
may face there？ What preparations do they need to make？（Answers
may vary.）
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A. A race to the Pole.
B. The lesson from Captain Scott.
C. The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
D. Enough food will ensure us to go to the Pole.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole？
（　　）
A. Less than one month.
B. More than two months.
C. More than three months.
D. Less than two months.
2. What was the attitude of Scott when he saw the Norwegian flag？
（　　）
A. Sad. B. Calm.
C. Excited. D. Shocked.
3. What may lead to the death of Scott？（　　）
A. Starvation.
B. Being too tired.
C. A terrible storm.
D. Low spirits.
4. What does Scott mean by writing “but what a price to pay”？
（　　）
A. He spent much money on the journey.
B. He is optimistic about the journey.
C. He felt hopeless and thought he would die.
D. He should not have taken the journey.
5. How is the passage developed？（　　）
A. By analyzing causes.
B. By following time order.
C. By making arguments.
D. By making comparisons.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.品课文佳句
1. Read the passage carefully and find out the sentences used as
psychological description.




（1）...we are unendingly cheerful， but what each man feels in his
heart I can only guess.
（2）We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit， and assuredly
the end is not far.
2. Read the passage carefully and find out the sentences describing the
characters.




（1）Captain Scott left a record， for honesty， for sincerity， for
bravery， for everything that makes a man.
（2）Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole， but the great
courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1. While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from
the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going
south，too.
句式分析
自主翻译

在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔
德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。　
2. We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death， but though we
tried to dissuade him， we knew it was the act of a brave man and an
English gentleman.
句式分析
自主翻译

我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻
止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。　
3. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole， but the great courage
shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
句式分析
自主翻译

斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现
出的巨大勇气使他们成为了英雄。　
Ⅲ.讨论
1. Would you say that Scott and his team were losers？Why or why not？



2. What preparations do explorers need to make when exploring？


I will never say they are losers.Although they had failed to win the race
to the Pole， the extraordinary courage shown by Captain Scott and his
men made them heroes.
In my opinion，both material and spiritual preparations are needed
before the expedition.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
核心词汇集释
on the way（＝on one’s way） 在途中；正在走向；即将到来
【教材原句】　While he was on the way to Antarctica， he received a
message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was
going south，too.
在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封
信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
【用法】
in the way 挡道
by the way 顺便说一下
in a/one way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不（置于句首时句子用部分倒装）
【佳句】　On our way to the house， it was raining so hard that
we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
（心理描写）
在我们回家的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能
到那里。
【练透】　补全句子
①The good service made up for the poor food in the hotel
（在某种程度上）.
② （顺便说一下）， I am quite interested in the theme
of this lecture， so could you please tell me if there will be any video
records about it？
in a/one
way　
By the way　
【写美】　句式升级
③In his mind， she was in no way to blame.
→In his mind， in no way .
was she to blame　
base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
【教材原句】　During the polar summer of 1910－1911， both teams
organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910—1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年
的旅程做准备。
【用法】
（1）base ...on/upon ...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
（2）basic adj. 基本的；基础的
（3）basis n. 基础；基点
on the basis of 在……的基础上
on a regular basis 定期
【佳句】　Team members need to receive training after school every day
and are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a
regular basis. （建议信）
队员们需要每天放学之后接受训练，并且定期被提供机会去观看乒乓
球赛。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The novel （base） on an interesting story and it was
well worth reading.
②You’d better learn some （base） Chinese before you study
for a degree in Chinese culture.
③The （base） of a good marriage is trust.
was based　
basic　
basis　
【写美】　句式升级（改写句①）
④ ， the novel was well worth reading.
（分词短语作状语）
⑤The novel was well worth reading.
（分词短语作定语）
Based on an interesting story　
based on an interesting story　
preparation n.预备，准备
【用法】
（1） 为……做准备
（2）prepare v. 预备，使有准备
prepare to do sth 准备做某事
（3）prepared adj. 准备好的
be prepared for 为……做好准备（表状态）
be prepared to do 愿意做……
【佳句】 The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.
（建议信）
对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I prepare （graduate） from Sanford H. Calhoun High
School in Merrick.
②Careful （prepare） for the exam is important.
③These materials are useful to review preparation for the final
exam.
to graduate　
preparation　
in　
【写美】　词汇升级
④She will need to be well prepared for the task ahead.

make good
preparations for　
break down 停止运转，出故障；（身体）垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆
毁，拆除；分解
【教材原句】　First， his two sledges broke down and then the horses
began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两
辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
【用法】
break away （from） 挣脱（束缚）；脱离
break up 驱散；分散；打碎；（婚姻或关系）结束，破裂
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话），插嘴
break into 闯入
break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；发生（无被动语态）
break through　　取得突破；克服
【佳句】　Eat more healthy food， or you’ll break down sooner or
later. （建议信）
多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。
【练透】　语境辨义/单句语法填空
①You should break down your methods so that each method does a
particular task.
②If Tom carries on working like this， he will break down sooner or
later.
③As far as I’m concerned， marriage based on money is bound to
break .
分解　
（身体）垮掉　
up　
【写美】　 完成句子
④She is trying to ， which makes her
parents very happy.
她正试图改掉这个坏习惯，这使她的父母很高兴。
break away from the bad habit　
prove vt. 证明；证实
【教材原句】　Later， these rocks proved that at one time in the distant
past， the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.后来，通过这些
石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
【用法】
prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事
prove oneself （to be） ... 证明自己是……
prove （to be）＋名词/形容词 原来是；证明是
It is proved that ... 据证明……
【佳句】 The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to others.
困难在于他怎样向其他人证实他的想法。
She proved herself an able secretary.
她证实了自己是一个能干的秘书。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She proved （her） to be an able secretary.
②Can you prove your theory us？
herself　
to　
【写美】　完成句子
③ reducing plastic use can greatly reduce pollution in
our oceans. （演讲稿）
已经证明，减少塑料使用可以大大减少我们海洋中的污染。
It is proved that　
distant adj.久远的；遥远的
【用法】
（1）be distant from ... 离……遥远
（2）distance n. 距离；远处
in the distance 在远处；在远方
at a distance 稍远处；隔一段距离
at a distance of 在距……的地方
keep one’s distance from ...＝ keep sb at a distance
与……保持距离/疏远
【佳句】　There is little doubt， however， that things will improve in
the not too distant future.
然而，毋庸置疑的是，事情在不远的将来会有改观。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On first acquaintance she is cool and slightly （distance）.
②From his window， a church could be seen the distance.
③Oil painting is to be appreciated a distance.
distant　
in　
at　
【写美】 词汇升级
④I would keep my distance from that dog， if I were you！

keep myself at a distance from　
【点津】　对distance的提问多用what，而不用how far或how long。
重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装
【教材原句】　Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.接着极
地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
【用法】
完全倒装的三个条件：
（1）表示方位或时间的副词，如here， there， in， out， up，
down， away， now， then等或表示方位的介词短语置于句首；
（2）谓语动词为be， lie， come， go， stand， sit 等；
（3）句子的主语是名词。
【品悟】　There comes a time when we must choose our own
path. （演讲稿）
我们必须选择自己的道路，这一时刻已经来临了。
There comes a time when one must be responsible for his/her
mistakes.
到了一个人必须要为自己所犯的错负责的时候了。
【写美】　完成句子
①As soon as the bell rang， .
铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。（rush）
② dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
那里矗立着一座明代的古塔。（stand）
③ ， which is between the
garden and the teaching building.
我们学校的中心是图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。（lie）
out rushed the children　
There stands an ancient tower　
In the center of our school lies our library　
④ ， which made Jane wild with joy.
（came）
接着传来熟悉的声音，这让简欣喜若狂。
Then came a familiar voice　
句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】　He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his
men were on skis.
他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
【用法】
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的三种结构：
（1）have sb/sth doing sth让……一直做某事（sb/sth与do之间是
主谓关系）
（2）have sb do sth让某人做某事（sb与do之间是主谓关系）
（3）have sth done 让（他人）为自己做某事；遭遇某事（sth与do 之
间是动宾关系）
【品悟】　But now， because I had my left foot injured， I cannot go
with you as planned.
但是现在，因为我的左脚受伤了，我不能按计划和你一起去了。
【点津】　have sth to do有某事要做，have意为“有”，to do在句中
作后置定语。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①There’s no need to worry. .
不用担心，我会让车在外面等着的。
②He to buy some drinks.
他让他的助手出去买些饮料。
③ ， so I can’t go skating with you.
我有很多家庭作业要做，不能和你一起去滑冰。
④Unfortunately， his right leg was injured during the training.
→
I will have the car waiting outside　
had his assistant go out　
I have a lot of homework to do　
Unfortunately， he had his right leg injured during the training.　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. He learned to （滑雪） during the winter vacation in the
mountains.
2. We spent the night in a ropy old （帐篷） in the open air.
3. The camp served as a （基地） for the mountain climbers.
4. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to （证明） the
links between them.
ski　
tent　
base　
prove　
5. The （队长） of the ship was advised to turn back due to a
sudden heavy storm.
6. The （极地的） bear is found in the Arctic Circle.
7. My foot won’t go into this （靴子）； it’s too small.
8. Africa is a c known for its diverse cultures and landscapes.
9. Children were playing， taking turns to ride down the hill on a
s .
10. Famous e Marco Polo wrote about his travels in Asia.
captain　
polar　
boot　
ontinent　
ledge　
xplorer　
维度二：词形转换
1. He deserves the highest praise for his （brave）.
2. She answered all my questions with her usual （honest）.
3. The nursery is bright and （cheer）with plenty of toys.
4. No one will ever know what mix of talent，
（ambitious）， energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished
writer.
5. Join a small group bike tour for an evening of
（explore） in the heart of Washington， D. C.
bravery　
honesty　
cheerful　
ambition　
exploration　
6. It was with （sincere） and faithfulness that we created a
harmonious atmosphere.
7. （anxious）， she took the dress out of the package
and tried it on， only to find it didn’t fit.
8. His eyes were fixed on a small house in the middle
（distant）.
sincerity　
Anxiously　
distance　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面的句子。
1. （窜出一个孩子） from behind the door.
2. The two countries are going to meet to
（打破一些障碍） to trade between them.
3. This song （基于） an old folk tune.
4. He was very funny and （让我们笑） all the
way.
Out rushed a child　
break down some barriers　
is based on　
had us laughing　
维度四：课文语法填空
　　On 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott was on his way to
Antarctica when he received a message from another explorer， Roald
Amundsen， 1. （say） that he was going to Antarctica，
too.Then the race between the two was on.They first 2.
（organise） food bases before their journey.Amundsen was the first
3. （leave） on 8 September，1911.He and his team arrived
at the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there.On 25 January，1912，they
returned 4. （safe） to their starting site.
saying　
organised　
to leave　
safely　
　　Captain Scott left on 1 November， 1911， and soon had
problems.First his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to
have serious difficulties 5. the snow and the cold.When Scott’s
team finally arrived at the Pole，they were shocked and disappointed to
see the Norwegian flag and began their return journey， one of 6.
worst in the history of 7. （explore）.
　　They were tired，running out of food.Nevertheless， they found and
carried 20 kilos of rocks 8. proved that in the distant past， the
continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
with　
the　
exploration　
which　
　　9. （fortunate），the members died one by
one.The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.While Scott had failed
to win the race to the Pole， the great courage shown by Scott and his
team made them 10. （hero）.
Unfortunately　
heroes　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　What are the two things that make humans different from animals？
One is language and the other is music.It’s true that some animals can
sing.However， the songs of animals like birds are very limited.It’s also
true that humans， not animals， have developed musical instruments.
　　Music is a strange thing.It’s clearly different from language.
However， people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song， it’s a very powerful form of communication.
　　If music is truly different from speech， then we should process
music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific study
suggests this is true.For example， Vissarion Shebalin， a Russian
composer， had a stroke （中风） in 1953.It injured the left side of his
brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could，
however， still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other
hand， sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability， but
they can still speak and understand speech.
　　Why does music have such a strong effect on us physically and
emotionally？ That’s a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller， a
researcher at University College， London， thinks that music and love
have a strong connection.Music requires special talent， practice and
physical ability.That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to
be someone’s mate.For example， playing a musical instrument requires
fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remember the
notes.And playing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in
excellent condition.Finally， when a man sings to the woman he loves，
it may be a way of showing off.
　　However， Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain
combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists，
this is clearly an area that needs further research.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言和音乐让人类
区别于动物以及音乐给人们带来影响的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言和音乐让人类
区别于动物以及音乐给人们带来影响的原因。
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph？（　　）
A. To introduce the main topic.
B. To show the author’s attitude.
C. To analyze causes.
D. To describe a process.
解析：　推理判断题。文章开篇设问：使人类与动物不同的两样
东西是什么？一种是语言，另一种是音乐。然后指出有些动物可以
唱歌，然而，像鸟类这样的动物的歌曲非常有限。作者以人类与动
物在音乐方面的区别，引出下文的音乐。由此可知，第一段的目的
是引出主题。
2. When is music considered especially powerful？（　　）
A. When it is translated into a language.
B. When it is combined with speech.
C. When it is sung by famous musicians.
D. When it is mixed with the cry of an animal.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的When music is combined
with speech in a song， it’s a very powerful form of communication.
可知，当与语言结合时，音乐是一种非常强大的交流方式。
3. What is the example of Vissarion Shebalin used to show？（　　）
A. Vissarion Shebalin is one of the luckiest persons.
B. Vissarion Shebalin is really interested in composing music.
C. The brain processes music and language separately.
D. Music and language are two different things.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，维萨里翁·谢巴林的例
子用于表明大脑分别在不同的部分处理音乐和语言。
4. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A. Effects of music on humans.
B. A study on how music works.
C. Reasons why music affects us.
D. Ways of using music in daily life.
解析：　段落大意题。根据第四段中的Why does music have such
a strong effect on us physically and emotionally？可知，本段主要介
绍了音乐影响我们的原因。
B
　　I was 17 years old.Along with a dozen other boys I had made a long
trip to Iowa in order to see a college that I was thinking of attending.While
the trip had been fun for the most part， now that I was there I was feeling
depressed and alone.I was missing my family and was realising that I
wouldn’t be seeing them very much if I went to school here.I was also
missing the mountains， forests， and wild flowers in my home
town.These things were a part of me.
　　Here in Iowa everything was flat.The grass looked burnt and
brown.All that I could smell was a mixture of corn， mud， and pigs.I
walked outside the dormitory of the college and sat on the grass.I closed
my eyes and dreamed of being back home again.
　　When I finally opened them， however， I saw something that
touched my soul.It was a Prairie（草原） Sunset.It seemed to fill the sky
from horizon to horizon.Gold， red， purple and pink clouds all flowed
together in a picture painted by Heaven’s own hand.It was so huge that it
took my breath away.It made our mountain sunsets seem tiny.
　　I was filled with wonder and felt a special oneness.I realised that I
had been foolish and judgmental.This place too had its own special
beauty.This place too was a part of magic nature.
　　Over the years to come I learned something else.Each of us has a
special beauty as well.Each of us has our own unique talents and
abilities.Each of us has a beautiful， powerful love that only we can
share.May you always do so then.May your life always shine bright.And
may your love shine from your soul like a sunset on the Prairie.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们这样
一个人生哲理——万事万物都有其存在的独特价值。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们这样
一个人生哲理——万事万物都有其存在的独特价值。
5. What made the author feel unhappy in the first paragraph？（　　）
A. A feeling of homesickness.
B. A sense of being abandoned.
C. Being left alone in the college.
D. Being afraid of the new environment.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者之所以感到伤感，
是因为想起了家人及家乡的一切。
6. How did the author feel about things in Iowa before he/she opened
his/her eyes？（　　）
A. Familiar. B. Curious.
C. Surprised. D. Disappointed.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者对于爱荷华的一切
都感到很平淡，不由闭上眼睛思念故乡。
7. What does the underlined part “it took my breath away” in Paragraph
3 mean？（　　）
A. It was extremely ordinary.
B. It was extremely beautiful.
C. It made me feel confused.
D. It made me feel frightened.
解析：　句意理解题。根据第三段可知，作者看到当地草原上的
日落后，被其壮观所震撼。
8. What message is conveyed in this passage？（　　）
A. Learn from others’ strong points.
B. Show the best of you to the world.
C. Seek perfection in whatever you see.
D. Everything exists with a unique value.
解析：　主旨大意题。最后一段是对全文的总结，作者通过
分享自己的经历，告诉我们世界上的一切人或物都有其存在的
独特价值。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·安庆高一上期末）Thanks to a group of brave strangers，
a terrible accident was avoided.A 　9　 behind the wheel of a truck
suddenly collapsed （晕倒）.When other drivers passed by， they began
to 　10　 that something was terribly wrong.“I looked over to the right
and I saw an old man 　11　 his truck but he had collapsed，” said
Juordin Carter， who recorded the 　12　 on her phone.Several 　13　
people began to stop their trucks on the side of the road.Some of them
even ran together with the truck， trying to get the driver’s 　14　.
When the vehicle came to a complete stop， they 　15　 to try to speak
with the man， but he couldn’t 　16　.The strangers used everything
they could find to break the window of the truck， but it
wasn’t 　17　.At last， Jelani Campbell， Carter’s friend broke the
back window.“I 　18　 got on the truck and 　19　 the door，”
Campbell said.The man received the immediate 　20　 as an ambulance
（救护车） arrived.Carter 　21　 parts of the event online.People were
excited and 　22　 that the story had a happy ending.Carter was also glad
to receive a lot of praise.These kind strangers were just happy that
everything 　23　 well in the end.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一名司机在开车途中突然晕倒，多
亏了一群勇敢的陌生人的帮助，才避免了一场可怕的事故。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一名司机在开车途中突然晕倒，多
亏了一群勇敢的陌生人的帮助，才避免了一场可怕的事故。
9. A. stranger B. man
C. worker D. woman
解析：　根据下文I saw an old man可知，此处指坐在驾驶室的人
突然晕倒了。
10. A. admit B. understand
C. notice D. think
解析：　根据下文that something was terribly wrong可知，经过的
司机注意到事情不对劲。
11. A. repairing B. driving
C. parking D. checking
解析：　根据上文behind the wheel of a truck suddenly collapsed可
知，老人当时在开车，突然晕倒了。
12. A. truck B. activity
C. location D. accident
解析：　根据 上文a terrible accident was avoided可知，此处指
用手机记录下事故。
13. A. kind B. angry
C. local D. confident
解析：　根据下文Some of them even ran together with the truck可
知，这些善良的人们停下车，想要帮助司机。
14. A. attention B. support
C. name D. help
解析：　根据上文Some of them even ran together with the truck，
trying to get the driver’s可知，和卡车一起跑的原因是为了引起司
机注意。
15. A. decided B. agreed
C. promised D. continued
解析：　根据上下文语境可知，卡车停下后，他们继续和司机
说话。
16. A. adapt B. reply C. focus D. calm
解析：　根据上文to try to speak with the man和下文The strangers
used everything they could find to break the window of the truck可推
知，司机没有回答。
17. A. clear B. possible
C. easy D. important
解析：　根据上文The strangers used everything they could find to
break the window of the truck以及but表示转折可知，想打破窗户并
不容易。
18. A. as usual B. at once
C. with patience D. in excitement
解析：　根据下文got on the truck可知，Jelani Campbell打破车窗
后，立即进入车里帮助司机。
19. A. opened B. kicked
C. locked D. pulled
解析：　根据下文the door可知，Jelani Campbell上了车并打开车
门，好让该男子接受治疗。
20. A. call B. button
C. treatment D. bag
解析：　根据下文as an ambulance （救护车） arrived可知，这
名男子在救护车到达后马上接受了的治疗。
21. A. watched B. downloaded
C. sold D. shared
解析：　根据下文parts of the event online可知，Carter在网上分
享了这一事件的部分内容。
22. A. relieved B. thankful
C. doubtful D. amazed
解析：　根据下文the story had a happy ending可知，故事有了一
个圆满的结局，人们感到安慰。
23. A. fitted in B. got on
C. teamed up D. tuned out
解析：　根据上文Thanks to a group of brave strangers， a terrible
accident was avoided.可知，事情的最终结果是好的。
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Pop music is often easy to remember， but it seems that you really
can infect friends with your music taste.
　　Dora Rosati， lead author of a study from Canada along with
colleagues， wondered 24. 　　 they could learn anything about how
songs become popular using mathematical tools that are more 25. 　　
（usual） applied to study the spread of infectious diseases.
　　The team turned to a database of almost 1.4bn individual song
downloads from MixRadio.26. 　　 （focus） on the top 1，000 songs
downloaded in the UK between 2007 and 2014， they 27. 　　
（measure） how well a standard model of epidemic disease， called the
SIR model， fitted trends in song downloads over time.
　　The research， 28. 　　 （publish） in Proceedings of the Royal
Society A： Mathematical and Physical Sciences， found the model
performed just as well when describing song download trends 29. 　　 it
did when describing the spread of a disease through the population.
　　Rosati said，“It supports the idea 30. 　　 both music and
infectious diseases depend on social 31. 　　 （connection） to spread
through populations.
　　“With a disease， if you come into contact with someone who is
ill， then you have a certain chance of 32. 　　 （catch） that
disease.With songs， it looks very similar.The big 33. 　　（different）
is that for songs， it doesn’t necessarily have to be physical contact — it
could be that my friend used this cool new song in their Instagram story，
so now I’m going to go and find it.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加拿大学者的一项研究表明，歌曲
的流行和传染病的流行有很多相似的地方。
24. whether/if　考查宾语从句。wonder意为“好奇；想知道”，根据
语境可知，这里填入whether/if引导一个宾语从句。
25. usually　考查副词。根据语境可知，这里应用一个副词来修饰谓
语动词applied。
26. Focusing　考查非谓语动词。本句的主语是they，focus是由主语
发出的主动的动作，因此填入动词-ing形式作状语。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加拿大学者的一项研究表明，歌曲
的流行和传染病的流行有很多相似的地方。
27. measured　考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可知，这里应用一
般过去时。
28. published　考查非谓语动词。该研究结果是“被发表”，因此这
里用过去分词作后置定语。
29. as　考查状语从句。as well as表示“跟……一样好”，这里as引
导一个状语从句。as it did相当于as the model performed。
30. that　考查同位语从句。这里that引导一个同位语从句，修饰前面
的名词idea。
31. connections　考查名词。这里connection是可数名词，表示“熟
人”，通常用作复数。
32. catching　考查非谓语动词。本空格前面是介词of，因此这里应用
动词-ing形式。
33. difference　考查词形转换。根据本空格前面的The big可知，这里
需要填入一个名词。
谢谢观看！

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