Unit 6 The admirable Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 同义词和反义词课件(共22张PPT+ 学案)高中英语 北师大版(2019)必修 第二册

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Unit 6 The admirable Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 同义词和反义词课件(共22张PPT+ 学案)高中英语 北师大版(2019)必修 第二册

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Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 同义词和反义词
①He doesn’t feel lonely when he is left alone.
②When his father died/passed away,Peter had to change his job.
③He used to get up early but now he often gets up late.
④His mother approved him of his marriage while his father disapproved.
【我的发现】
1.句①和句②中两个加黑词为      。
2.句③和句④中两个加黑词为      。
  在英语中,如果两个词语的意思相同或相近,那么它们就被称作同义词(synonyms),而意思相反的词语称作反义词(antonyms)。同义词在英语文章中的出现能够证明学习者词汇量的多少,而反义词在写作中尤为重要,俗语或者谚语以及对偶句的应用往往使文章出彩,甚至起到强调警示的作用,令人印象深刻。当然,它们也有场合的差异,色彩的不同,甚至不同的人选词也不尽相同。
一、同义词
1.同义词是意义几乎相同的一组词语,它们词性相同。如look与see;ambition与hope,dream等。同义词虽然意义相同,但由于感彩、语体色彩未必相同,所以在不同场合要注意它们的运用。
例如:statesman和politician在字面上都是“政治家”的意思,但是,后者往往用其贬义,表示“政客”的意思。
2.从语体角度来讲,不同的同义词出现在不同的语体中,带有不同的语体色彩。
例如:在俚语中 firefighter (消防员)被称为 smoke eater; flatter (拍马屁) 被称为 apple-polish。
3.应用
(1)在写作上,很多时候同义词在从句和一些并列句中应用比较多,起解释说明的作用。英语中常有一些这样的句子,我们可能不一定知道第一个名词的意思,但是紧跟其后的名词我们一定学过。
She is a vocalist,singer working in the CCTV.(singer是对前面名词的解释)
她是一名歌手,在中央电视台工作的一名歌手。
(2)此外,同义词也经常用在一些谚语中。
A single spark can start a prairie fire.
星星之火,可以燎原。
【即时演练1】 写出下列词语的同义词
①big—     
②beautiful—     
③photo—     
④quick—     
⑤be good at—       
⑥take a walk—       
⑦homeland—       
⑧scared—     
⑨smart—         
⑩flee—     
二、反义词
语义相对或者相反的词叫作反义词。和同义词一样,它们词性相同。
1.换位反义词
换位反义词指一种对立统一的关系,一方的存在以另一方的存在为前提,双方形成一个对立的统一体。英语中有一词多义的特征,所以反义词可能有不止一个,因此在不同的场合要注意反义词的使用。
If A sells a watch to B, B buys a watch from A.
如果A卖给了B一块手表,那么B从A那里买了一块手表。
If A gives a pen to B,B receives a pen from A.
如果A送给了B一支钢笔,那么B就收了A的一支钢笔。
2.固定搭配中的反义词
英语中有许多由一对反义词构成的固定搭配。例如:here and there, now and then, day and night, up and down等。
Papers were scattered here and there on the floor.
地板上到处散落着文件。
3.反义词在谚语中的应用,通常用对偶句,它们结构相似,意思相反。
A white lie is better than a black lie.
一个善意的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。
As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.
只要思想被奴役,身体就永远不能自由。
Pain past is pleasure.
苦尽甘来。
East or west, home is best.
东好西好,还是家里最好。
4.词根加上前缀/后缀形成反义词,前缀有im-,in-,un-,dis-等,后缀有-less等。
例如:able — unable, moral — immoral, like — dislike, correct — incorrect, selfish — selfless。
【即时演练2】 写出下列词语的反义词
①beautiful—     
②cry—     
③clever—     
④different—     
⑤difficult—     
⑥dirty—     
⑦early—     
⑧fast—     
⑨inside—     
⑩tight—     
possible—     
legal—     
active—     
advantage—       
hopeful—     
careful—     
维度一:基础题型练
用提示词的近义词或反义词填空。
1.Joan still keeps in touch with her       (latter) friends.
2.I found the noise made by the children really       (bearable).
3.The reason for the cultural difference is       (simple) for me to understand.
4.Whether the project will be a great success is still       (certain).
5.After spending four months in foreign countries, the soldier felt every hour at home was       (precious).
6.It was difficult to measure the       (exact) influence of this strike.
7.He was absent from school because of the       (serious) flu.
8.The children are       (keen) to know what the new teacher looks like.
维度二:语法与写作
1.保罗太固执了,他不会听你的劝告。
Paul is           he won’t follow your advice.(flexible的反义词)
2.飞行员以高超的技术成功地作了一次完美的着陆。
             the pilot managed to make a perfect landing.(excellent的同义词)
3.很明显,他不会接受你的邀请。
           he won’t accept your invitation.(obvious的同义词)
4.污染是这个城市面临的最棘手的问题。
Pollution is               the city is faced with.(enjoyable的反义词)
5.他们提出了一个使我不好拒绝的报价。
They made me an offer               .(approve的反义词)
6.他有意识地试图克服自己的缺点。
He is consciously trying to             .(strength的反义词)
维度三:语法与语篇
  课堂上老师和学生正在进行反义词的接龙练习,根据提示完成下面对话。
Teacher:The weather is fine today.
Students:1.                     (今天天气很坏).
Teacher:Mistake.
Students:2.       (正确).
Teacher:Stop!
Students:3.       (继续)!
Teacher:Now you stop practicing!
Students:4.             (现在我们继续练习)!
The teacher came out of the classroom panting with his handout.
Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 同义词和反义词
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.同义词 2.反义词
即时演练1
①large ②pretty ③picture ④fast ⑤do well in ⑥go for a walk ⑦motherland ⑧frightened ⑨clever/bright/wise ⑩escape
即时演练2
①ugly ②laugh ③stupid ④same ⑤easy ⑥clean ⑦late ⑧slow ⑨outside ⑩loose  impossible
illegal  inactive  disadvantage  hopeless  careless
【素养提升·重练习】
维度一
1.former 2.unbearable 3.complex 4.uncertain
5.valuable 6.precise 7.severe 8.eager
维度二
1.so stubborn that
2.With superb skills
3.It is apparent that
4.the most troublesome problem
5.I couldn’t refuse
6.overcome his weakness
维度三
1.The weather is very bad today 2.Correct 3.Go on
4.Now we continue to practice
3 / 4(共22张PPT)
Section Ⅵ
Grammar —— 同义词和反义词
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
素养提升·重练习
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
①He doesn’t feel lonely when he is left alone.
②When his father died/passed away,Peter had to change his job.
③He used to get up early but now he often gets up late.
④His mother approved him of his marriage while his father
disapproved.
【我的发现】
1. 句①和句②中两个加蓝词为 。
2. 句③和句④中两个加蓝词为 。
同义词 
反义词 
  在英语中,如果两个词语的意思相同或相近,那么它们就被称作
同义词(synonyms),而意思相反的词语称作反义词(antonyms)。
同义词在英语文章中的出现能够证明学习者词汇量的多少,而反义词
在写作中尤为重要,俗语或者谚语以及对偶句的应用往往使文章出
彩,甚至起到强调警示的作用,令人印象深刻。当然,它们也有场合
的差异,色彩的不同,甚至不同的人选词也不尽相同。
一、同义词
1. 同义词是意义几乎相同的一组词语,它们词性相同。如look与
see;ambition与hope,dream等。同义词虽然意义相同,但由于感
彩、语体色彩未必相同,所以在不同场合要注意它们的运用。
例如:statesman和politician在字面上都是“政治家”的意思,但
是,后者往往用其贬义,表示“政客”的意思。
2. 从语体角度来讲,不同的同义词出现在不同的语体中,带有不同的
语体色彩。
例如:在俚语中 firefighter (消防员)被称为 smoke eater; flatter
(拍马屁) 被称为 apple-polish。
3. 应用
(1)在写作上,很多时候同义词在从句和一些并列句中应用比较
多,起解释说明的作用。英语中常有一些这样的句子,我们
可能不一定知道第一个名词的意思,但是紧跟其后的名词我
们一定学过。
She is a vocalist,singer working in the CCTV. (singer是对前
面名词的解释)
她是一名歌手,在中央电视台工作的一名歌手。
(2)此外,同义词也经常用在一些谚语中。
A single spark can start a prairie fire.
星星之火,可以燎原。
【即时演练1】 写出下列词语的同义词
①big—
②beautiful—
③photo—
④quick—
⑤be good at—
⑥take a walk—
⑦homeland—
⑧scared—
⑨smart—
⑩flee—
large 
pretty 
picture 
fast 
do well in 
go for a walk 
motherland 
frightened 
clever/bright/wise 
escape 
二、反义词
语义相对或者相反的词叫作反义词。和同义词一样,它们词性相同。
1. 换位反义词
换位反义词指一种对立统一的关系,一方的存在以另一方的存
在为前提,双方形成一个对立的统一体。英语中有一词多义的
特征,所以反义词可能有不止一个,因此在不同的场合要注意
反义词的使用。
If A sells a watch to B, B buys a watch from A.
如果A卖给了B一块手表,那么B从A那里买了一块手表。
If A gives a pen to B,B receives a pen from A.
如果A送给了B一支钢笔,那么B就收了A的一支钢笔。
2. 固定搭配中的反义词
英语中有许多由一对反义词构成的固定搭配。例如:here and
there, now and then, day and night, up and down等。
Papers were scattered here and there on the floor.
地板上到处散落着文件。
3. 反义词在谚语中的应用,通常用对偶句,它们结构相似,意思
相反。
A white lie is better than a black lie.
一个善意的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。
As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.
只要思想被奴役,身体就永远不能自由。
Pain past is pleasure.
苦尽甘来。
East or west, home is best.
东好西好,还是家里最好。
4. 词根加上前缀/后缀形成反义词,前缀有im-,in-,un-,dis-等,后
缀有-less等。
例如:able — unable, moral — immoral, like — dislike,
correct — incorrect, selfish — selfless。
【即时演练2】 写出下列词语的反义词
①beautiful—  ②cry—
③clever—  ④different—
⑤difficult—  ⑥dirty—
⑦early—  ⑧fast—
⑨inside—  ⑩tight—
possible— legal—
active— advantage—
hopeful— careful—
ugly 
laugh 
stupid 
same 
easy 
clean 
late 
slow 
outside 
loose 
impossible 
illegal 
inactive 
disadvantage 
hopeless 
careless 
素养提升·重练习
培育学科素养
2
维度一:基础题型练
用提示词的近义词或反义词填空。
1. Joan still keeps in touch with her (latter) friends.
2. I found the noise made by the children really
(bearable).
3. The reason for the cultural difference is (simple) for
me to understand.
former 
unbearable 
complex 
4. Whether the project will be a great success is still
(certain).
5. After spending four months in foreign countries, the soldier felt every
hour at home was (precious).
6. It was difficult to measure the (exact) influence of this
strike.
7. He was absent from school because of the (serious) flu.
8. The children are (keen) to know what the new teacher
looks like.
uncertain 
valuable 
precise 
severe 
eager 
维度二:语法与写作
1. 保罗太固执了,他不会听你的劝告。
Paul is he won’t follow your advice.(flexible
的反义词)
2. 飞行员以高超的技术成功地作了一次完美的着陆。
the pilot managed to make a perfect landing.
(excellent的同义词)
3. 很明显,他不会接受你的邀请。
he won’t accept your invitation.(obvious的
同义词)
so stubborn that 
With superb skills 
It is apparent that 
4. 污染是这个城市面临的最棘手的问题。
Pollution is the city is faced with.
(enjoyable的反义词)
5. 他们提出了一个使我不好拒绝的报价。
They made me an offer .(approve的反义词)
6. 他有意识地试图克服自己的缺点。
He is consciously trying to .(strength的
反义词)
the most troublesome problem 
I couldn’t refuse 
overcome his weakness 
维度三:语法与语篇
  课堂上老师和学生正在进行反义词的接龙练习,根据提示完成下
面对话。
Teacher:The weather is fine today.
Students:1. (今天天气很坏).
Teacher:Mistake.
Students:2. (正确).
Teacher:Stop!
Students:3. (继续)!
Teacher:Now you stop practicing!
Students:4. (现在我们继续练习)!
  The teacher came out of the classroom panting with his handout.
The weather is very bad today 
Correct 
Go on 
Now we continue to practice 
谢谢观看!

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