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中考语法辨析：现在完成时 vs过去完成时&专题练习
在中考英语语法中，现在完成时和过去完成时是易混淆的重点内容。二者都与 “完成” 的动作相关，但时间参照点、用法场景有明显区别，准确掌握能帮助我们精准理解语境、正确完成题目。
对比维度 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）
核心定义 表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，或对现在造成影响 / 留下结果 表示动作在过去某个时间点之前就已完成（“过去的过去”），强调动作的先后顺序
基本结构 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（V-ed）（第三人称单数用 has，其余用 have） 主语 + had + 动词过去分词（V-ed）（所有人称统一用 had）
时间标志词 1. 表示 “从过去持续到现在”：for + 时间段（for 3 years）、since + 过去时间点 / 句子（since 2020/since he came）2. 表示 “不确定的过去”：already（肯定句）、yet（否定 / 疑问句）、ever（疑问句）、never（否定句）、just（刚刚）3. 表示 “最近 / 总计”：recently、lately、so far、up to now、in the past 5 years 1. 明确的 “过去时间参照点”：by + 过去时间（by 2019）、before + 过去时间（before he left）2. 与过去时态搭配：常与一般过去时（did）连用，通过 “had done（先发生）+ did（后发生）” 体现顺序3. 固定场景：hardly...when...、no sooner...than...（刚…… 就……）
典型例句 1. I have lived in this city for 10 years.（从过去持续到现在，住了 10 年）2. She has finished her homework already.（过去完成作业，现在不用做了，对现在有影响）3. Have you ever been to Beijing （不确定的过去经历） 1. By the time I got up, my mom had cooked breakfast.（“我起床” 是过去时，“妈妈做饭” 在起床前，即 “过去的过去”）2. He told me he had seen the movie twice before.（“告诉” 是过去时，“看电影” 在告诉之前）3. We had hardly arrived home when it rained heavily.（刚到家，雨就下大了，“到家” 在 “下雨” 前）
一、核心语法辨析
一、基础层（侧重时态结构与基础标志词，共 12 题）
（一）用括号内动词的适当形式填空（8 题）
1.My family ______ (live) in this small town since 2018. We all love the quiet life here.
2.By the time my dad came home yesterday, I ______ (finish) my math homework.
3.—______ you ______ (read) the new novel —No, I haven’t. I plan to start it this weekend.
4.She ______ (not visit) her hometown for five years. She misses her grandparents very much.
5.The rain ______ (stop) when we woke up this morning. The sun was shining brightly.
6.Mr. Wang ______ (teach) English in our school for 10 years. He is very experienced.
7.They ______ (already eat) dinner before their friends arrived.
8.I ______ (never see) such a beautiful sunset. It’s amazing!
（二）单项选择（4 题）
1.We ______ in this school for three years. Next year we will go to high school.A. study B. studied C. have studied D. had studied
2.By 7 o’clock last night, my mom ______ all the housework.A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had finished
3.—______ you ever ______ to Guangzhou —Yes, I went there with my parents last summer.A. Do; go B. Did; go C. Have; gone D. Have; been
4.He ______ the guitar for two hours when his sister came back.A. plays B. played C. has played D. had played
二、提升层（侧重语境理解与动作顺序，共 10 题）
（一）用括号内动词的适当形式填空（6 题）
1.When I got to the cinema, the movie ______ (already begin). I missed the first 10 minutes.
2.My brother ______ (collect) stamps for 8 years. His collection has over 500 stamps now.
3.She told me that she ______ (meet) her favorite singer at the airport the day before.
4.We ______ (not hear) from Tom since last month. Is he okay
5.By the time the police arrived, the thief ______ (run away) with the money.
6.—How long ______ you ______ (learn) to play the piano —For four years. I can play some simple songs now.
（二）单项选择（4 题）
1.I ______ my keys. I looked for them everywhere, but I ______ them yet.A. lost; haven’t found B. have lost; didn’t find C. lost; didn’t find D. have lost; haven’t found
2.He ______ in Beijing for five years before he moved to Shanghai in 2022.A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived
3.—Why are you so late —Because the bus broke down. By the time it was fixed, I ______ for an hour.A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited
4.They ______ this park many times. It’s their favorite place to relax.A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited
三、拓展层（侧重复杂语境与固定句型，共 8 题）
（一）用括号内动词的适当形式填空（4 题）
1.Hardly ______ we ______ (get) to the station when the train left. We had to take the next one.
2.By the end of last year, he ______ (write) three books. All of them were very popular.
3.She ______ (not go) to bed until she ______ (finish) her report last night.
4.—______ you ______ (see) the new movie —Yes, I saw it last week. I ______ (not see) such a wonderful movie before that.
（二）单项选择（4 题）
1.No sooner ______ she ______ the phone than it rang again.A. has; hung up B. had; hung up C. did; hang up D. was; hanging up
2.He said he ______ to the Great Wall twice before he was 10 years old.A. goes B. went C. has gone D. had gone
3.—How long ______ your parents ______ in this city —Since they got married 20 years ago.A. have; lived B. did; live C. had; lived D. do; live
4.They ______ the house by the time their parents ______ back from vacation last week.A. cleaned; came B. have cleaned; came C. had cleaned; came D. had cleaned; had come
四、练习卷答案
基础层
（一）填空
1.has lived 2. had finished 3. Have; read 4. hasn’t visited 5. had stopped 6. has taught 7. had already eaten 8. have never seen
（二）选择
1.C 10. D 11. D 12. D
提升层
（一）填空
1.had already begun 2. has collected 3. had met 4. haven’t heard 5. had run away 6. have; learned
（二）选择
1.D 8. D 9. D 10. C
拓展层
（一）填空
1.had; got（hardly 开头句子用部分倒装，助动词 had 提前） 2. had written 3. didn’t go; had finished 4. Have; seen; had not seen
（二）选择
1.B（no sooner 开头句子用部分倒装，助动词 had 提前） 6. D 7. A 8. C

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