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新高考英语一轮复习选修一Unit 1 People of Achievement 专练
一、基础知识练
单句语法填空
1．As a nurse, you’ll need to be ________(commit), patient and sensitive to others.
2．Whether you can do the ________(science) research work well entirely depends on how hard you will work.
3．When the wheel got ________(stick)in the mud，he jumped into the swamp to push the cart out with his shoulder.
4．In_____________(conclude),they are proud of themselves and firmly believe they can do more for a better world.
5．The key to success as a romantic _____________ (novel) is absolute belief in your story.
6．At the meeting they presented a detailed ________(analyse)of twelve schools in this city.
7．It is acknowledged that the ________(discover)is the most exciting new development in this field.
8．The librarian insists that John ______(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.
9．Under no ________(circumstance) shall I mention the secret to anyone.
10．Dr. Rowan, ________ secretary resigned (辞职) two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
11．She and her family bicycle to work,___________helps them keep fit.
12．More importantly, the reform and opening-up policy has brought ______________ (remark) changes to China.
13．The theory of ____________ (relative) is concerned with two seemingly opposite ideas.
14．Electricity lines to 30,000 homes were __________(gradual) being restored yesterday.
15．Can I just sum_________what we’ve agreed so far
16．Many ________(theory) have been advanced as to why some people suffer from depression.
17．Peter, ________ you met inLondon, is now back in Paris.
18．One of the boys kept laughing, ________ annoyed Jane intensely.
19．If you are ____________ (passion) about something, pursue it whatever anyone else thinks.
20．Mr. Wu, ________ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.
21．My friend insisted ______finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
22．Having collected and ______(evaluate) the information, I help other scientists to predict it.
23．The army sent me a postcard________ (acknowledge) my request.
24．Leave him alone.________(apparent), he is not in the mood for joking.
25．I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water ___________ (boil) .
26．Your ability ________ (analyse) problems really surprised us.
27．Liquid ________(obtain) from the bark of this tree can be used to treat several kinds of diseases.
28．She is of such a ____(gently) nature, so everyone around her likes her.
29．In view of his ________(academy) background, we believe he will make a great breakthrough in his research field.
30．People began to watch for the “little popcorn boy”, ________earned some money to take home every week.
31．Although the Chinese team ________ (defeat) by a South Korea’ team in the final match of 2020 League of Legends World Championship, it showed strong competitiveness and potential.
32．The number of the people invited to the exhibition is over 200，a huge number of __________are students.
33．As _______ consequence of smoking, my father coughs frequently.
34．The act makes no _______(distinct) between adults and children.
35．His friends insisted he _______(have) no connection with drugs.
二、课文语法填空
Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great 56 (achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 57 was formed by the government with the aim of discovering a new treatment 58 malaria and two years later she became the head of the project in Beijing. She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 59 (evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a 60 (commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat whatever difficulty she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by 61 (boil)the sweet wormwood, she began even 62 (careful) thinking and research work. She drew 63 conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood destroyed 64 (it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature 65 (draw) out the extract and finally she succeeded.
三、句型运用(务必先自己翻译再核对答案)
1.on/upon doing... 一...就...
一听到这个消息,他难以抑制心中的兴奋,高兴地跳了起来。
________________________________________________________________________________
2．be thought to be... 被认为是...
根据国籍进行不同的收费被认为是一种歧视。
________________________________________________________________________________
3.as though/as if 好像...引导的方式状语从句(常用虚拟语气)
王老师对待我们很耐心, 就好像我们是她自己的孩子一样。
________________________________________________________________________________
4. It’s widely acknowledged that总所周知/人们普遍认为......
人们普遍认为她是一个出色的跳水天才。
________________________________________________________________________________5. It is/was +被强调部分+who/that ...正是....
正是她的努力在她的成就中起着至关重要的作用。
________________________________________________________________________________
6. insist on doing sth 坚持做...
尽管经常受伤，但她仍然坚持训练，从不放弃。
________________________________________________________________________________
能力提升练
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Many people dream about retiring by the beach. However, a remote beach area isn’t always the right fit for retirees, who often need quality health care and transportation options. Here you can find some of the best places for retirees.
Naples, Florida
Naples is known as a tropical (热带的) playground for the powerful and wealthy. Renters can pay a median of $1,704 monthly. But many people find the high quality of life in Naples to be worth the cost. In Naples, 56.19% of its population is 65 or older. Located along the Gulf of Mexico, the Naples and Marco Island area is an ideal spot to enjoy golf, sunshine and white-sand beaches.
Virginia Beach, Virginia
Virginia Beach has 38 miles of coastline with no shortage of clean, accessible and pet-friendly beaches. The local community enjoys outdoor activities such as kayaking, water skiing and horseback riding. Renters can pay a median of $1,803 monthly. In Virginia Beach, about 15.37% of the community is 65 or older. The area is also home to shopping and cultural centers.
Portland, Maine
If you’re interested in retiring near the ocean without the humidity (湿热), consider Portland. Portland provides a wide variety of restaurants, and people will enjoy sampling diverse and innovative cuisines, as well as local produce and fresh seafood. Renters pay a median of $2,200 monthly. About 14.18% of the population is 65 or older.
Pensacola, Florida
Located on Pensacola Bay near the Gulf of Mexico, this popular beach retirement spot is an ideal place to enjoy Perdido Key, Pensacola Beach and the Gulf Islands National Seashore. About 19.54% of the population is 65 or older, and renters pay a monthly median of $1,337.
1. Which is suitable for retirees who like to keep dogs
A. Naples, Florida. B. Portland, Maine.
C. Virginia Beach, Virginia. D. Pensacola, Florida.
2. What can retirees enjoy in Portland, Maine
A. The water sports. B. The delicious food.
C. The longest coastline. D. The lowest house price.
3. What do the four places have in common
A. They are located in the same place. B. They have notable senior population.
C. They are four low-consumption places. D. They involve diverse indoor activities.
B
Many people take electricity for granted. But in rural areas around the world, there are no electrical grids to provide power. Now, three teenagers in India have invented a mini-refrigerator powered by salts that can be used to help transport medical supplies to rural areas that do not have electricity.
Having parents working in medical fields, they said they were inspired to find a way to keep medications cold after hearing about how challenging it was to bring vaccines to rural areas that did not have access to electricity.
The teenagers understood that some salts can take in energy from the environment when dissolved (溶解) in water, leading to a cooling effect, so they set out to create a salt-run refrigeration unit. However, their first obstacle was to find which salt was the most efficient. The three first searched online to find out which salt could work, narrowing it down to 20. They then evaluated the salts at a lab in a university but none of them cooled the water enough.
“While we did search the entire Internet to find the best salt possible, we kind of just ended up back to our ninth-grade science textbook, where we found salts that could maintain low temperatures,” one of the three teenagers said. The refrigerator itself consists of a plastic container with a copper wall inside where the vaccines or organs will be housed. The dissolved salts cooling solution is poured in between the two. The salt is reusable, so no ice packs are needed.
The first version of the refrigerator, called Thermavault, recently won the teenagers the 2025 Earth Prize for Asia with a $12,500 prize. Using the money, they built 200 salt-powered fridges to send to rural hospitals for testing, which have been largely successful. “We have been able to keep the vaccines inside the Thermavault for almost 10 to 12 hours,” Dr Pritesh Vyas, a surgeon, said in a video. He added that with some improvements including a built-in temperature monitor, the fridge could be useful in remote off-the-grid places.
4. Why did the teenagers invent the salt-powered refrigerator
A. To win an international science competition.
B. To address the lack of electricity in remote areas.
C. To reduce the cost of transporting medical supplies.
D. To guarantee effective medications for power-free areas.
5. What is the scientific principle behind Thermavault
A. Salts increase the freezing point of water.
B. Salts absorb external energy when dissolved.
C. Salts release heat when mixed with water.
D. Salts generate electricity through chemical reactions.
6. How did the team finally identify the right salt
A. By conducting online research. B. By consulting science teachers.
C By referring to textbook knowledge. D. By experimenting with food ingredients.
7. What is Dr Pritesh Vyas’s opinion about Thermavault’s future
A. Its application will expand. B. Its potential will be limited.
C. It will work longer with a monitor. D. It will replace traditional electric fridges.
C
Around the world, farmland is increasingly overlapping with elephant habitats, often resulting in dangerous interactions as elephants roam over people’s crops. But in Kenya, after decades of investigation, inspired by local knowledge of elephants’ dislike of beehives, researchers have come up with a simple but ingenious solution to discourage elephants: strings of beehive fences. These buzzing (嗡嗡响的) barriers are offering a gentle but effective way of reducing fights between farmers and elephants.
The human-elephant conflict is a growing issue in several areas. In Kenya, where the population and demand for resources is growing, human-inhabited areas are increasingly overlapping with elephants’ bined with the recovery of some elephant populations, this is leading to greater chance of conflicts between humans and these elephants. “Expansion of agricultural land, logging, urbanization, and getting smaller of elephant habitats are forcing elephants to make their way to human settlements in search of food and water,” says Greta Francesca Iori, an Ethiopian-Italian advisor on elephant conservation.
To prevent these conflicts, scientists and locals have tested a variety of solutions to prevent elephants, from electric fences, watchtowers to noise-makers, but using bees to scare away elephants has emerged as a particularly promising and efficient tool. In the early 2000s, ecologist Fritz Vollrath and Iain Douglas-Hamilton heard a folk story about how trees in certain areas were not damaged by elephants because they had beehives in them. Inspired by the tale, they began working and confirmed that elephants avoid wild beehives and even make a series of sounds and warnings to others to stay away.
Fritz Vollrath and Iain Douglas-Hamilton designed beehive fences. The fence goes all around a farm, with hives placed every 10 m between two posts. Attracted by natural attractants such as beeswax and lemongrass oil, African honeybees naturally multiply the beehives. Besides protecting crops, the fences produce honey for extra income and free farmers—often the front-line defenders—from risky nighttime guarding. And they are now spreading across the world, from Mozambique to Thailand.
8. What does the underlined word “ingenious” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Clever. B. Excusable. C. Uncertain. D. Challenging.
9. What is the main reason for elephants’ entry into human settlements
A. Farmers attract them with crops. B. Climate change reduces their habitats.
C. Beehives frighten them away from forests. D. Human activities destroy their homes.
10. How did researchers develop the solution of using beehives
A. After studying elephants’ eating habits. B. Through scientific proof of a folk story.
C. By copying Thailand’s elephant defense. D. Using high-tech sound warning systems.
11. What is the author’s attitude to the beehive-fence solution
A. Skeptical. B. Tolerant. C. Dismissive. D. Approving.
D
When extreme heat hits the Boston area, emergency departments are packed with people who are dehydrated (脱水的), experiencing kidney or heart problems, or are having heat cramps (痛性痉挛). Faced with this recurrent crisis, Mass General Brigham (MGB) is exploring a new line of defense: using AI to identify and warn the weakest patients before they ever reach the hospital.
The warning system is simple: Use AI to sort out through electronic health records to find patients who have health conditions or take medications that might make them particularly heat easily. The AI program would warn them when a heatwave is coming and tell patients how to protect themselves so they don’t end up in an emergency room.
“Just as we want our patients to control their blood sugar if they have diabetes (糖尿病), trying to help them protect themselves from heat by communicating when they are at high risk is a health care responsibility, and we are trying to do better,” Biddinger, one of the doctors in MGB, said.
But actively warning patients is a tall order for humans to do on their own. Patients with complicated medical conditions are assigned care managers, who follow patients more closely and will contact them before a heatwave strikes to “support their health”. But there’s not enough staff to reach every patient. This staffing gap is exactly what the AI-powered warning system is designed to fill.
“Our primary care doctors are so busy these days, and we don’t want our patients to be stuck on hold waiting for their doctor when we can use AI to help them find cooling centers or public places with air conditioning where they can go to stay cool,” Biddinger said. “We hope health centers across the country can adopt the same tool. Ultimately, the goal is simple — fewer heat-related emergencies and safer summers for our patients,” he added.
12. What is the main problem described in the Boston area
A. Most of the hospitals lack adequate cooling systems.
B. There is a shortage of medical staff in most hospitals.
C. Emergency rooms are flooded with heat-related patients.
D. The expenses of treating heat diseases increase sharply.
13. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The main steps of taking medications.
B. The initial aims of predicting heatwaves.
C. The best means of identifying patients.
D. The working principles of the warning system.
14. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. AI system will make up for lack of human resources.
B. Patients prefer receiving warnings from AI system.
C. Care managers’ job was affected by unstable weather.
D. Most patients are in favor of human-to-human contact.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Doctors on Strike: a Summer Crisis
B. AI to the Rescue: Safer Summers Ahead
C. Reforming Primary Care Through Law
D. The Rise of Cooling Centers Worldwide
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Any home may be at risk of flooding, even from a heavy rain, but some homes are much easier than others. ___16___ Actually not, but keep in mind that you may be able to make some changes outside that will help keep water from coming inside.
Improve site drainage (排水). This can be very helpful, if you have a basement that tends to flood after a heavy rain. Building gutters (排水沟) to keep water flowing away from the house is also important. You may face a really complex problem. ___17___. They can assess your yard, design a drainage plan, and set up various systems.
Plant trees. It may not sound like a flood-proofing strategy, but you could plant native trees around your property to help absorb excess water. Native plants, not a plant that doesn’t grow in the area naturally, are important. ___18___. Native plants also tend to be better for the environment.
___19___. You may want to design a new road surface that absorbs water more easily. If you’re considering replacing a sidewalk, it’s certainly worth considering setting up a material that may reduce your risk of flooding. These new road surface options can also help filter (过滤) out pollutants that ultimately end up in the water supply.
Clean gutters regularly. Everyone knows this, but it’s got to be said. Those gutters are there for a reason, to make rain away from your home. You must keep your gutters clean. ___20___.
A. Take a look at your sidewalk
B. Choose proper water-absorbing material
C. You can turn to the drainage specialists for help
D. Otherwise, the gutters blocked with leaves become useless
E. How can we make the flood prevention home improvements
F. Do we need to make lots of flood prevention home improvements
G. This is because their roots can go deeper and grab more groundwater
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Nicole could have easily decided not to go boating — she was 20 weeks pregnant, after all. It would have ___21___ if she didn’t feel like participating in such an outdoor outing. But she did, and this ___22___ set off an amazing event that no one could have predicted.
Nicole and her husband were enjoying their river ride with their own dog when, suddenly, they ___23___ another four-legged friend in the distance. But there wasn’t a single human, boat, or anything else near the seemingly ___24___ dog.
So, the couple decided to ___25___ it. It didn’t take them long to ___26___ that the dog was alone. Soon, however, they made another ___27___: The dog was blind. To ___28___ the dog got to safety, they carefully placed her inside of their boat. ___29___, their own dog didn’t mind at all. She was ____30____ in exploring the river, which could be seen in the video the couple recorded.
Thankfully, this sweet pup was returned to her ____31____ soon after this video was posted online. It ____32____ that the poor 15-month-old pup had been missing for over a week. Her owners were delighted to get a call from Nicole! Though, at first, they were ____33____. In fact, the first thing they asked was “Is she dead ”
“A lovely reunion and grateful we went on a(n)____34____ that day” Nicole shared.
It’s incredible what can happen when we take the time to help others. It’s no wonder Nicole’s story is ____35____ others to share their own online.
21. A. taken effect B. made sense C. run a risk D. had an impact
22. A. decision B. attempt C. intention D. response
23. A. approached B. disturbed C. spotted D. rescued
24. A. anxious B. injured C. curious D. lost
25. A. monitor B. investigate C. access D. measure
26. A. confirm B. assume C. estimate D. announce
27. A. expectation B. difference C. discovery D. warning
28. A. ensure B. propose C. demand D. recognize
29. A. Actually B. Fortunately C. Obviously D. Eventually
30. A. expert B. flexible C. engaged D. stuck
31. A. partners B. doctors C. trainers D. owners
32. A. burst out B. turned out C. broke out D. came out
33. A. confused B. concerned C. annoyed D. scared
34. A. outing B. appointment C. challenge D. mission
35. A. reminding B. approving C. inspiring D. recommending
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xixia Imperial Tombs, a millennium (一千年) -old tomb complex in Northwest China, got global recognition for its outstanding universal value. It ____36____ (add) to the World Heritage List on July 11th, becoming China’s 60th World Heritage Site.
The event marks a significant achievement in China’s efforts ____37____ (fulfill) and advance the Global civilization Initiative. “The application effort demonstrates China’s ongoing commitment to strengthening the systematic preservation and ____38____ (sustain) use of its cultural and natural heritage,” said an official. “It was also ____39____ opportunity to show the world the historical and cultural values of the Chinese civilization,” the officer added.
The tombs are renowned as the “Oriental Pyramids”, ____40____ are located at the foot of Helan Mountain in Yinchuan, capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. They are the largest, most well-preserved and highest-ranking archaeological ____41____ (remain) of the Xixia Dynasty.
Established by the Tangut people and home to various ethnic groups, Xixia once ____42____ (govern) an area of 1.15 million square kilometers at its peak time. ____43____(originate) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Tangut did not ____44____ (traditional) build tombs but later adopted the practice under the influence of the farming civilization of the Tang and Song dynasties. Therefore, the site is a testament ____45____ the cultural mix and interaction among multiple traditions, serving as vital evidence of the diverse yet unified nature of Chinese civilization.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的外国网友Peter想了解你最难忘的一次学校社团活动。请你就此给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
（1）活动的时间和地点；
（2）活动内容；
（3）你的收获。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sam was an elderly man living alone in a small house. His children had moved away to pursue their careers, and he found it hard to do daily chores (家务活). One day, Thomas, his neighbor, noticed how difficult it was for Sam to carry groceries. Without saying a word, Thomas walked up to Sam and offered to help him with the shopping. From that day on, Thomas would often go to the market for Sam, picking up fresh vegetables and fruits.
Thomas also noticed that Sam’s apartment was always a bit messy. He decided to lend a hand with the cleaning. Every Saturday morning, Thomas would come over with a broom and a mop. He would sweep the floors, wipe the counters, and make sure everything was tidy. Sam was very thankful. He would sit in his chair, watching Thomas work, and sometimes they would chat about old times. Sam would tell stories about his childhood, his travels, and his family. Thomas listened with great interest, and he realized that Sam had so much wisdom and experience to share.
Word spread in the community about what Thomas was doing. Other neighbors started to think about how they could help too. Mrs Brown, who lived next door to Sam, began to bring him freshly baked cookies every week. The sweet smell of the cookies filled Sam’s apartment, making him feel like he was back in his mother’s kitchen. Mr Lee, a handyman, fixed a broken shelf in Sam’s kitchen. He also checked the electrical wiring and made sure everything was safe. Even the kids from the neighborhood would sometimes come over to read books with Sam or play a game of chess. Sam enjoyed their company and would often teach them old games that he had learned when he was young.
Sam’s life became much easier and happier. He no longer felt lonely. Instead, he felt like he was part of a big family. The whole community was filled with warmth and kindness.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, Sam decided to throw a party to thank everyone.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
From that day on, the people in the community got along more harmoniously.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
基础训练
（一）单句语法填空
1. committed：需形容词作表语，“commit” 的形容词形式为 “committed”，表 “尽心尽力的”。
2. scientific：修饰名词 “research work” 用形容词，“science” 的形容词是 “scientific”，表 “科学的”。
3. stuck：固定搭配 “get stuck” 表 “被困住”，“stuck” 为过去分词作表语。
4. conclusion：固定搭配 “in conclusion” 表 “总之”，需名词形式，“conclude” 的名词是 “conclusion”。
5. novelist：此处指 “浪漫主义小说家”，“novel” 的指人名词为 “novelist”。
6. analysis：形容词 “detailed” 后接名词，“analyse” 的名词形式是 “analysis”（单数）。
7. discovery：定冠词 “the” 后接名词，“discover” 的名词是 “discovery”，由 “is” 可知用单数。
8. (should) take：“insist” 表 “坚持要求” 时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语为 “(should)+ 动词原形”。
9. circumstances：固定搭配 “under no circumstances” 表 “无论如何都不”，“circumstance” 常用复数。
10. whose：非限定性定语从句，先行词 “Dr. Rowan” 与 “secretary” 是所属关系，用 “whose” 引导。
11. which：非限定性定语从句，指代前文 “bicycle to work” 这件事，用 “which” 引导。
12. remarkable：修饰名词 “changes” 用形容词，“remark” 的形容词是 “remarkable”，表 “显著的”。
13. relativity：定冠词 “the” 后接名词，“relative” 表 “相对论” 时名词为 “relativity”。
14. gradually：修饰动词 “being restored” 用副词，“gradual” 的副词是 “gradually”。
15. up：固定搭配 “sum up” 表 “总结”。
16. theories：“many” 后接可数名词复数，“theory” 的复数是 “theories”。
17. who/whom：非限定性定语从句，先行词 “Peter” 指人，作 “met” 的宾语，用 “who/whom”。
18. which：非限定性定语从句，指代前文 “kept laughing” 这件事，用 “which” 引导。
19. passionate：固定搭配 “be passionate about” 表 “对…… 热情”，需形容词 “passionate”。
20. who/whom：非限定性定语从句，先行词 “Mr. Wu” 指人，作 “likes” 的宾语，用 “who/whom”。
21. on：固定搭配 “insist on doing” 表 “坚持做某事”。
22. evaluated：“collected” 与 “evaluate” 是并列关系，均用过去分词，构成 “having done” 的并列结构。
23. to acknowledge：用动词不定式作后置定语，表 “用来确认我请求的明信片”。
24. Apparently：修饰整个句子用副词，“apparent” 的副词是 “Apparently”，表 “显然”。
25. to boil：固定搭配 “wait for sth to do”，用不定式作宾补，表 “等待水沸腾”。
26. to analyse：“ability to do” 是固定结构，用不定式作后置定语，表 “分析问题的能力”。
27. obtained：“liquid” 与 “obtain” 是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，表 “从树皮中获取的液体”。
28. gentle：修饰名词 “nature” 用形容词，“gently” 的形容词是 “gentle”，表 “温和的”。
29. academic：修饰名词 “background” 用形容词，“academy” 的形容词是 “academic”，表 “学术的”。
30. who：非限定性定语从句，先行词 “the ‘little popcorn boy’” 指人，用 “who” 引导。
31. was defeated：“team” 与 “defeat” 是被动关系，由 “2020” 可知用一般过去时的被动语态。
32. whom：“a huge number of” 后接关系代词，先行词 “people” 指人，作宾语，用 “whom”。
33. a：固定搭配 “as a consequence of” 表 “由于……”。
34. distinction：固定搭配 “make no distinction between” 表 “不区分……”，需名词 “distinction”。
35. had：“insist” 表 “坚持认为（事实）” 时，宾语从句用陈述语气，由 “insisted” 可知用一般过去时。
（二）课文语法填空
1. achievements：“great” 后接名词，“achieve” 的名词是 “achievement”，用复数表 “多项成就”。
2. that/which：限定性定语从句，先行词 “a research team” 指物，作主语，用 “that/which” 引导。
3. for：固定搭配 “treatment for” 表 “治疗…… 的方法”。
4. evaluated：“examined”“evaluated”“tested” 是并列谓语，均用过去式。
5. committed：修饰名词 “scientist” 用形容词，“commit” 的形容词是 “committed”，表 “尽心尽力的”。
6. boiling：介词 “by” 后接动名词，表 “通过煮沸的方式”。
7. more careful：由 “even” 可知用比较级，修饰动名词 “thinking” and hard work 用形容词比较级 “more careful”。
8. a：固定搭配 “draw a conclusion” 表 “得出结论”。
9. its：修饰名词 “medical properties” 用形容词性物主代词 “its”，指代 “sweet wormwood” 的。
10. to draw：用不定式表目的，表 “用更低的温度来提取提取物”。
（三）句型运用
On/Upon hearing the news, he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy.
Charging differently according to nationalities is thought to be a kind of discrimination.
Miss Wang treats us very patiently, as if we were her own children(虚拟语气).
It’s widely acknowledged that she is an extraordinary diving talent.
5. It is her efforts that play a vital role in her achievements.
6. Although she got injured, she insisted on training and never gave up.
二、能力提升练
A 篇
文章大意:本文介绍了四个适合退休人员居住的海边 / 近海地区，均兼顾退休群体对生活质量、医疗交通的潜在需求，同时各有特色。
答案：C解析：根据 “Virginia Beach, Virginia” 部分第一句 “Virginia Beach has 38 miles of coastline with no shortage of clean, accessible and pet-friendly beaches”，明确提到 “宠物友好型海滩”，适合养狗的退休人员；其他选项未提及 “宠物友好” 相关内容，故排除 A、B、D。
答案：B解析：根据 “Portland, Maine” 部分第二句 “Portland provides a wide variety of restaurants, and people will enjoy sampling diverse and innovative cuisines, as well as local produce and fresh seafood”，核心特色是 “多样的美食”；A（水上运动）是弗吉尼亚海滩的特色，C（最长海岸线）未提及，D（最低房价）是彭萨科拉的特点，故排除 A、C、D。
答案：B解析：四地均明确给出 “65 岁以上人口占比”（那不勒斯 56.19%、弗吉尼亚海滩 15.37%、波特兰 14.18%、彭萨科拉 19.54%），即 “有显著的老年人口比例”；A（位于同一地区）错误，四地分属佛罗里达、弗吉尼亚、缅因三个州；C（低消费地区）错误，波特兰月租金 2200 美元为四地最高；D（多样室内活动）错误，文中提及的均为户外特色（高尔夫、海滩、美食等），故排除 A、C、D。
B 篇
文章大意：印度三名青少年受父母医疗工作背景启发，针对 “无电偏远地区难以运输需冷藏的疫苗” 这一问题，发明了盐动力冰箱（名为 Thermavault）。
答案：D解析：根据第二段 “they were inspired to find a way to keep medications cold after hearing about how challenging it was to bring vaccines to rural areas that did not have access to electricity”，发明核心目的是 “确保无电地区的医疗物资（疫苗）有效（需冷藏保存）”；A（赢比赛）是结果而非原因，B（解决缺电问题）是背景，C（降低运输成本）未提及，故排除 A、B、C。
答案：B解析：根据第三段第一句 “The teenagers understood that some salts can take in energy from the environment when dissolved in water, leading to a cooling effect”，即 “盐溶解时吸收外部能量”；A（提高水的冰点）、C（混合时放热）与 “冷却效果” 矛盾，D（通过化学反应发电）错误，冰箱靠冷却效果而非发电，故排除 A、C、D。
答案：C解析：根据第四段 “we kind of just ended up back to our ninth-grade science textbook, where we found salts that could maintain low temperatures”，明确是 “参考课本知识” 确定盐种；A（线上研究）未成功，B（咨询老师）、D（实验食材）未提及，故排除 A、B、D。
答案：A解析：根据最后一段 “with some improvements including a built-in temperature monitor, the fridge could be useful in remote off-the-grid places”，医生认为改进后冰箱可在更多偏远无电地区使用，即 “应用范围会扩大”；B（潜力有限）与原文矛盾，C（有监测器就更耐用）错误，监测器是提升实用性而非延长使用时间，D（取代传统电冰箱）未提及，故排除 B、C、D。
C 篇
文章大意：全球范围内，农田与大象栖息地重叠导致人象冲突频发（大象破坏农作物）。肯尼亚研究人员受 “大象讨厌蜂箱” 的当地知识启发，研发出 “蜂箱围栏” 这一解决方案。
8. 答案：A解析：根据上下文 “simple but ingenious solution to discourage elephants” 及 “gentle but effective way”，“ingenious” 应与 “effective” 呼应，表 “聪明的、巧妙的”；B（可原谅的）、C（不确定的）、D（有挑战性的）均不符合 “有效解决方案” 的语境，故排除。
9.答案：D解析：根据第二段 “Expansion of agricultural land, logging, urbanization, and getting smaller of elephant habitats are forcing elephants to make their way to human settlements”，即 “人类活动破坏大象栖息地” 导致其进入人类区域；A（农民用农作物吸引）错误，B（气候变化缩小栖息地）未提及，C（蜂箱将其赶出森林）是解决方案而非原因，故排除 A、B、C。
10. 答案：B解析：根据第三段 “heard a folk story about how trees with beehives were not damaged by elephants... began working and confirmed that elephants avoid wild beehives”，即 “通过科学验证民间故事” 研发出方案；A（研究大象饮食习惯）、C（模仿泰国防御方法）、D（使用高科技声音预警）未提及，故排除 A、C、D。
11. 答案：D解析：作者用 “ingenious”（巧妙的）、“gentle but effective”（温和且有效）、“promising and efficient”（有前景且高效）等词描述蜂箱围栏，且提到方案 “spreading across the world”，态度为 “赞同的”；A（怀疑的）、B（容忍的）、C（轻视的）均与原文语气矛盾，故排除。
D 篇
文章大意：波士顿地区酷热天气时，医院急诊室挤满脱水、心肾问题、热痉挛等热相关患者。为应对这一反复出现的危机，麻省总医院（MGB）研发了 AI 预警系统。
答案：C解析：根据第一段 “when extreme heat hits the Boston area, emergency departments are packed with people who are dehydrated, experiencing kidney or heart problems, or are having heat cramps”，核心问题是 “急诊室挤满热相关患者”；A（医院缺乏冷却系统）、B（医护人员短缺）是背景问题，D（治疗费用飙升）未提及，故排除 A、B、D。
答案：D解析：第二段明确说明 AI 预警系统的工作流程：“Use AI to sort out through electronic health records to find high-risk patients → warn them before a heatwave → tell them how to protect themselves”，即 “系统的工作原理”；A（服药步骤）、B（预测热浪的目的）、C（识别患者的最佳方式）均未提及，故排除 A、B、C。
答案：A解析：第四段提到 “there’s not enough staff to reach every patient. This staffing gap is exactly what the AI-powered warning system is designed to fill”，可推断 “AI 系统将弥补人力资源不足”；B（患者偏好 AI 预警）、C（护理经理工作受天气影响）、D（患者喜欢人际接触）未提及，故排除 B、C、D。
答案：B解析：文章核心是 “AI 预警系统应对热相关急诊危机，保障夏季安全”，B 选项 “AI to the Rescue: Safer Summers Ahead”（AI 救援：更安全的夏季可期）精准概括；A（医生罢工：夏季危机）、C（通过法律改革初级医疗）、D（全球冷却中心兴起）均与核心内容无关，故排除。
七选五
文章大意：本文介绍四种 “通过户外改造预防家中进水” 的方法。
答案：F解析：空后 “Actually not, but keep in mind that you may be able to make some changes” 中 “not” 是对前文问题的否定回答，结合 “make some changes”，前文应问 “是否需要做大量防洪改造”，F 选项 “Do we need to make lots of flood prevention home improvements”（我们需要做大量家庭防洪改造吗）符合语境；E 选项 “如何做改造” 与 “not” 的否定逻辑不符，故排除 E。
答案：C解析：空后 “They can assess your yard, design a drainage plan” 中 “they” 指代前文提到的人，结合 “drainage plan”，C 选项 “You can turn to the drainage specialists for help”（你可以找排水专家帮忙）中 “specialists” 对应 “they”，且衔接 “复杂排水问题”，符合语境；其他选项无 “专家” 相关指代，故排除。
答案：G解析：空前强调 “种植本土植物”，空后补充 “本土植物对环境友好”，中间需解释本土植物防渗水的原因，G 选项 “This is because their roots can go deeper and grab more groundwater”（因为它们的根系更深，能吸收更多地下水）衔接 “本土植物” 与 “防渗水”，符合逻辑；其他选项未解释原因，故排除。
答案：A解析：空后 “design a new road surface”“replacing a sidewalk” 均围绕 “人行道 / 路面” 展开，A 选项 “Take a look at your sidewalk”（看看你的人行道）作为段落主题句，统领下文，符合语境；B 选项 “选择吸水材料” 是具体措施，而非主题句，故排除 B。
答案：D解析：空前强调 “必须清理排水沟”，空后需说明 “不清理的后果”，D 选项 “Otherwise, the gutters blocked with leaves become useless”（否则，被树叶堵塞的排水沟会失效）衔接 “清理” 与 “堵塞的危害”，符合逻辑；其他选项无 “堵塞后果” 相关内容，故排除。
六、语言运用第一节（完形填空）
文章大意：怀孕 20 周的妮和丈夫划船时发现一只独自在河中、看似迷路的狗。他们将狗抱上船，并录制了视频。视频发布后，这只失踪一周多的 15 个月大的狗很快被送回主人身边 —— 主人起初十分担心，甚至问 “它死了吗”。妮可表示 “很感激那天去郊游，促成了美好的团聚”，她的故事也激励了更多人在网上分享自己的善举。
答案：B解析：句意 “毕竟她怀孕 20 周了，如果不想参加这种户外活动，也是合理的”。A（生效）、C（冒险）、D（有影响）均不符合 “怀孕不参加活动合理” 的语境，B（有意义、合理）正确。
答案：A解析：句意 “但她参加了，这个决定引发了无人能预料的精彩事件”。前文 “decided not to go boating”“But she did” 均围绕 “决定”，A（决定）衔接上下文；B（尝试）、C（意图）、D（回应）无 “决定” 相关含义，故排除。
答案：C解析：句意 “他们在远处发现了另一只四条腿的朋友（狗）”。A（靠近）、B（打扰）、D（营救）均不符合 “远处初发现” 的语境，C（发现）正确。
答案：D解析：句意 “但这只看似迷路的狗附近没有任何人、船或其他东西”。后文提到 “狗失踪一周多”，D（迷路的）衔接 “无主人” 的场景；A（焦虑的）、B（受伤的）、C（好奇的）未提及，故排除。
答案：B解析：句意 “于是这对夫妇决定调查一下”。结合 “发现迷路狗”，需进一步确认情况，B（调查）符合语境；A（监测）、C（获取）、D（测量）均无 “确认情况” 的含义，故排除。
答案：A解析：句意 “他们很快确认这只狗是独自一只”。前文 “调查” 后需 “确认结果”，A（确认）正确；B（假设）、C（估计）、D（宣布）不符合 “调查后的确定结论”，故排除。
答案：C解析：句意 “然而，他们很快又有了一个发现：这只狗是盲的”。“狗是盲的” 是新发现的信息，C（发现）正确；A（期待）、B（差异）、D（警告）均不符合 “新信息” 的语境，故排除。
答案：A解析：句意 “为确保狗的安全，他们小心地把它抱进船里”。结合 “抱上船” 的动作，目的是 “保障安全”，A（确保）正确；B（提议）、C（要求）、D（认出）均无 “保障” 含义，故排除。
答案：B解析：句意 “幸运的是，他们自己的狗一点也不介意”。“自家狗不介意” 是积极的意外情况，B（幸运地）正确；A（实际上）、C（明显地）、D（最终）均不符合 “意外好运” 的语境，故排除。
答案：C解析：句意 “它忙于探索河流，这在夫妇录制的视频里能看到”。“be engaged in”（忙于）是固定搭配，符合 “狗专注探索” 的场景；A（专业的）、B（灵活的）、D（被困的）均不符合，故排除。
答案：D解析：句意 “幸运的是，这段视频发布后不久，这只可爱的小狗就被送回了主人身边”。后文提到 “Her owners were delighted”，D（主人）衔接上下文；A（伙伴）、B（医生）、C（训练师）均不符合，故排除。
答案：B解析：句意 “结果证明，这只可怜的 15 个月大的小狗已经失踪一周多了”。“it turned out that”（结果证明）是固定句式，符合 “后续发现狗失踪情况” 的语境；A（爆发）、C（爆发）、D（出版）均不符合，故排除。
答案：D解析：句意 “不过，一开始他们很担心。事实上，他们问的第一句话是‘它死了吗’”。“问是否死了” 体现 “感到害怕”，D（害怕的）正确；A（困惑的）、B（担心的）C（恼怒的）、均不符合 询问“狗死了吗” 的语境，故排除。
答案：A解析：句意 “妮可分享道：‘一次美好的团聚，很感激那天去郊游’”。前文 “participating in such an outdoor outing” 提到 “郊游”，A（郊游）衔接上下文；B（约会）、C（挑战）、D（任务）均不符合，故排除。
答案：C解析：句意 “难怪妮可的故事激励了其他人在网上分享自己的故事”。“分享自己的故事” 是受激励后的行为，C（激励）正确；A（提醒）、B（批准）、D（推荐）均不符合 “带动他人分享” 的语境，故排除。
七、语言运用第二节（语法填空）
文章大意：中国西北地区的千年古墓群 —— 西夏王陵，因其突出的普世价值获得全球认可，于 7 月 11 日被列入《世界遗产名录》，成为中国第 60 项世界遗产。
答案：was added解析：主语 “It”（西夏王陵）与 “add”（加入）是被动关系，且 “on July 11th” 表示过去时间，用一般过去时的被动语态 “was added”。
答案：to fulfill解析：“efforts to do sth”（做某事的努力）是固定搭配，用不定式 “to fulfill” 作后置定语。
答案：sustainable解析：修饰名词 “use”（利用）需用形容词，“sustain” 的形容词形式为 “sustainable”（可持续的），与 “preservation”（保护）并列。
答案：an解析：“opportunity”（机会）是可数名词单数，且以元音音素开头，用不定冠词 “an” 表泛指 “一个机会”。
答案：which解析：引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是 “The tombs”（陵墓），指物，从句中作主语，用关系代词 “which”（that 不能引导非限定性定语从句）。
答案：remains解析：“remains” 作名词时表示 “遗迹、遗存”，为复数形式，此处指 “西夏王朝的考古遗存”，用 “remains”。
答案：governed解析：根据 “once”（曾经）和 “at its peak time”（鼎盛时期），表示过去的动作，用一般过去时 “governed”（统治）。
答案：Originating解析：主语 “the Tangut”（党项人）与 “originate”（起源）是主动关系，用现在分词 “Originating” 作状语，句首首字母大写。
答案：traditionally解析：修饰动词 “build”（建造）需用副词，“traditional” 的副词形式为 “traditionally”（传统上）。
答案：to解析：“a testament to sth”（某物的见证 / 证明）是固定搭配，用介词 “to”。
写作
第一节：
Dear Peter,
Exceedingly delighted to know that you want to learn about my most unforgettable school club activity, I am writing to share it with you.
One Saturday last year, our Reading Club held a special session in the school library. We reread The Old Man and the Sea, acted out key scenes and then designed small boats from recycled cardboard. Working in teams, we painted sails with our favourite quotes, laughed at shaky masts and finally floated the fleet in a long sink as a symbol of courage.
I gained more than fun. Cooperating with classmates sharpened my communication skills, while the novel reminded me to keep determination alive when facing difficulty. Now I set aside twenty minutes every day for reading and often share fresh thoughts about books with my friends.
I hope one day you can join us and paint your own sail.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写
One day, Sam decided to throw a party to thank everyone. He invited all the neighbors who had helped him. Thomas brought a big cake, Mrs Brown baked her famous cookies, and Mr Lee set up a table with chairs in the courtyard. The kids came with drawings they had made for Sam, and everyone brought something to share. The party was filled with laughter and joy. Sam stood up and gave a short speech, thanking everyone for their help and friendship. After listening, everyone present exchanged a smile, feeling as if they were relatives of each other.
From that day on, the people in the community got along more harmoniously. The neighbors who had never really talked to each other before started to become friends. They realized that helping someone in need could bring joy not only to the person being helped but also to themselves. They learned that even small acts of kindness can make a big difference. The neighbors continued to help each other, not just with chores but also with emotional support. They showed us that a strong community is built on kindness, compassion, and the willingness to lend a hand.

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