资源简介

必修　第三册
Unit 1　Knowing me,knowing you
以读促写(限时40分钟　总分62分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Jeffrey,a teacher of communications,has used his research to define the exact amount of time necessary to make friends with someone.Moreover,he’s found how long it will take to deepen a relationship.His new study found that it takes around 50 hours of time together to go from being someone’s acquaintance (泛泛之交) to casual friend.It takes about 90 hours to go from being casual friends to friends,and more than 200 hours before considering someone a close friend or best friend.
But it isn’t spending just any kind of time together that deepens a friendship—hours spent working together,for example,don’t count as much as hours spent getting to know someone by hanging out,joking around,playing games,and doing more playful activities.The study explained that these kinds of activities help us to form a deeper connection with someone.“We have to put that time in,” Jeffrey said.“You can’t make a friend without any effort.”
The results of the study came from analysis of 355 responses to an online survey from adults who said they had moved in the last six months and were looking for new friends near their new homes.Survey participants were asked about new relationships as well as hours spent together and activities they did.They were then asked to rate their resulting relationships according to one of the four stages:acquaintance,casual friend,friend and close friend.
The main conclusion that Jeffrey came to is that making close friends takes serious effort.So if you want to have some best friends,you have to know that spending time with someone is the most important thing.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究,该研究表明,交朋友和加深友谊都需要相应的时间投入以及认真的付出。
(　　)1.How long does it take to turn an acquaintance into a friend
A.About 50 hours.
B.About 90 hours.
C.About 140 hours.
D.About 200 hours.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知,把一个泛泛之交变成朋友需要大约140个小时的相处时间。故选C。
(　　)2.What does the underlined phrase “that time” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Time spent working together.
B.Time spent finding new friends.
C.Time spent helping a new friend.
D.Time spent doing fun things together.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据上文中的“hours spent working together...form a deeper connection with someone”可知,花在一起工作上的时间比不上花在一起闲逛、开玩笑、玩游戏和做其他更有趣的活动来了解某人的时间。该研究解释说,这些活动有助于我们与他人形成更深层次的联系。由此可知,画线短语“that time”指的是与他人一起做有趣的事情的时间。故选D。
(　　)3.Which may help deepen a friendship according to the study
A.Trying to understand your friend’s feelings.
B.Enjoying quality time with your friend.
C.Treating a new friend like a close one.
D.Being frank with your friend.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容和最后一段最后一句可知,这项研究告诉我们,多花一点儿时间与朋友一起做些有意思的事情,度过美好时光,有助于增进友谊。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the main purpose of the text
A.To solve a relationship problem.
B.To introduce a teacher.
C.To present the findings of a new study.
D.To discuss the importance of friendship.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了一项新的研究,该研究表明,交朋友和加深友谊都需要相应的时间投入以及认真的付出。故选C。
B
Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time.People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite ” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ”
To find out whether these worries are necessary,we have conducted nearly 10 years of research.In our studies,participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before.Afterwards,they were asked how much they liked their conversation partners and how much they believed that their conversation partners liked them.This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked.
Time and time again,we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made.That is,people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company—a false belief we call the “liking gap”.
This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions,but its effects extend far beyond first impressions.Surprisingly,the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships,including interactions with coworkers,long after the initial conversations have taken place.Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help,less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback,
and less willing to work on a project together.
There are numerous strategies to minimise your biased feelings.One place to start is shifting your focus of attention.Try to direct your attention to your conversation partners,be genuinely curious about them,ask them more questions,and really listen to their answers.The more you’re zeroed in on the other person and the less you’re focused on yourself,the better your conversations will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章探讨了初次交谈对人际关系发展的巨大影响,强调我们应该更加自信地与人交往。
(　　)5.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The research motivation.
B.The research progress.
C.The research assumptions.
D.The research conclusions.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第一段和第二段的内容可知,第一段讲人们在初次交谈后常常对自己留给对方的印象感到不安,而第二段中,为了找出这些担忧是否必要,作者他们进行了近10年的研究。因此第二段主要是在讲述研究的过程。故选B。
(　　)6.What is one effect of people’s liking gap
A.Fewer chances of new projects.
B.Underestimation of their ability.
C.Poor interpersonal relations.
D.Lack of interest in social engagement.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Surprisingly,the liking gap can constantly...work on a project together.”可知,更大的“喜欢差距”与不太愿意向同事寻求帮助、不太愿意向同事提供开放诚实的反馈以及不太愿意一起合作一个项目都有关,这些行为都指向了较差的人际关系。故人们的“喜欢差距”产生的一个影响是较差的人际关系。故选C。
(　　)7.What can the underlined words “zeroed in on” in the last paragraph be replaced by
A.Crazy about.
B.Disappointed at.
C.Surprised by.
D.Targeted at.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语前文“Try to direct your attention to...and really listen to their answers.”以及画线短语后文“...and the less you’re focused on yourself...you think you didn’t do well.”可知,此处建议尝试把注意力转移到谈话对象的身上,而不是专注于自己,当你更以对方为主而不是以自己为主时,你的对话会更好,你的思维也不会总是转移到你认为你没有做好的事情上。故画线短语与D项“Targeted at(以……为目标;针对……)”意思相近。故选D。
(　　)8.Which might be the best title for the text
A.Liking Gap May Influence Social Performances
B.Initial Conversations Decide First Impressions
C.People Probably Like You More Than You Think
D.How Much People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Initial conversations can have a huge impact...they finish speaking with someone for the first time...”并通读全文可知,文章讨论了人们常常低估自己在初次交谈中给对方留下的印象,即存在“喜欢差距”,并提出了减少这种偏见感受的策略,强调不要过分担心自己给别人的印象,因为别人可能比你想象的更喜欢你。所以C项最适合作文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
In certain situations,we can never fully recognise the value of what has occurred until the moment is gone.Then we are left to reflect on every detail.One such moment for me was being invited to participate in the National Storytelling Festival as the youngest 　1　.I had spoken on a variety of 　2　,but this particular festival was an event like no other.Thousands of people drifted in and out of tents as storytellers weaved (编织) words into memories both 　3　 and humorous.
I stood on a stage with a single microphone.All eyes were on me,a feeling that 　4　 anxiety easily.The challenge in that moment was to 　5　 authentic emotions—to be vulnerable (脆弱) and fearless.In a tent filled with expectant listeners,it was embarrassing to think about being so 　6　,but I understood that the only real 　7　 would be not showing my true passion.So,I gave the audience everything I had,and in turn they 　8　 with support and encouragement.
This sort of communication is responsible for the smallest and largest 　9　 between people in life.The festival is 　10　 on communities coming together to listen.Not to hear,but to 　11　 listen.I think of the lonely people of the world,the misunderstood,the uncelebrated.Listening to their stories opens up doors and relationship possibilities that are far more peaceful in nature than 　12　 or even ignoring.
The most powerful part of the 　13　 was not the fact that I spoke or that the most brilliant storytellers in the world were there,but that I 　14　 that people do in fact understand and 　15　 closer communication.I finally understand the educational world is in need of spaces like these where truth comes to be heard.Now I hold closely to the belief that storytelling connects individuals.
[语篇导读] 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者参加全国讲故事节的经历,说明了倾听的重要性,表明人们实际上确实理解并渴望更密切的交流和沟通。
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
(　　)1.A.conductor B.chairman
C.composer D.performer
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据后文“I stood on a stage with a single microphone.”可知,此处指作者作为最年轻的表演者(performer)被邀请参加全国讲故事节。故选D。
(　　)2.A.occasions B.opportunities
C.accidents D.positions
【答案】 A
【解析】 此处指作者在很多场合(occasions)都讲过故事,但这个特别的节日是独一无二的。故选A。
(　　)3.A.familiar B.striking
C.sufficient D.historical
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前文“Thousands of people drifted in...words into memories”可知,表演者所讲的故事是幽默且引人注目的(striking)。故选B。
(　　)4.A.figured out B.got through
C.brought about D.carried on
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据前文“All eyes were on me”可知,听众的目光都盯着作者,这轻易地引起(brought about)了作者的焦虑。故选C。
(　　)5.A.present B.remove
C.confirm D.admit
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后文“authentic emotions—to be vulnerable (脆弱) and fearless”可知,讲故事时,表演者需要表现(present)出真实的情感。故选A。
(　　)6.A.upset B.energetic
C.open D.passive
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据前文“The challenge in that...and fearless.”可知,表现真实情感是一个挑战,所以要如此坦率(open)是令人尴尬的。故选C。
(　　)7.A.relief B.satisfaction
C.puzzle D.disappointment
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据句意和后文“not showing my true passion”可知,作者认为,如果不能表现出自己真实的热情,才是真正令人失望的事(disappointment)。故选D。
(　　)8.A.charged B.responded
C.complained D.harvested
【答案】 B
【解析】 此处指作者给了听众自己所能表现的一切,而他们也以支持和鼓励回应(responded)作者。故选B。
(　　)9.A.connections B.transitions
C.greetings D.signals
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据前文“This sort of communication is responsible”及后文“Now I hold closely...connects individuals.”可知,这种类型的沟通负责人与人之间的联系(connections)。故选A。
(　　)10.A.reflected B.centred
C.based D.attached
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前文“The festival”和后文“on communities coming together to listen”可知,全国讲故事节的中心是人们聚集在一起倾听。be centred on意为“以……为中心”,符合题意。故选B。
(　　)11.A.definitely B.absolutely
C.independently D.truly
【答案】 D
【解析】 作者在此强调,不是一般地听见,而是真正地(truly)倾听。故选D。
(　　)12.A.inspiring B.respecting
C.arguing D.escaping
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据语境和前文“Listening to their stories...far more peaceful in nature than”可知,倾听比争吵(arguing)甚至是忽视要平和得多。故选C。
(　　)13.A.mission B.experience
C.atmosphere D.faith
【答案】 B
【解析】 此处指这次经历(experience)中作者最震撼的部分是自己目睹了人们实际上确实理解并渴望更密切的交流和沟通。故选B。
(　　)14.A.witnessed B.assumed
C.assisted D.sought
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后文“that people do in fact understand and...closer communication”可知,作者认为自己目睹(witnessed)了这件事:人们实际上确实理解并渴望更密切的交流和沟通。故选A。
(　　)15.A.gather B.claim
C.approach D.desire
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据前文“Listening to their stories opens up...or even ignoring.”和后文“closer communication”可知,更密切的交流和沟通是人们渴望(desire)的。故选D。
1.form a deeper connection with sb 与某人建立更深厚的联系
2.put time in 在……中投入时间
3.have a huge impact on sb/sth 对某人/某物有巨大影响
4.be stuck in 陷入……
5.be associated with sb/sth 与某人/某物有关联
6.shift one’s focus of attention 转移某人关注的焦点
7.reflect on 反思,考虑
8.be responsible for... 对……负责
1.let off steam 发泄怒火,宣泄情绪
2.help (sb) out 帮(某人)一把
3.fit in with others 与他人相处融洽
4.let (sb) down 使(某人)失望,辜负(某人)
5.be disappointed by... 对……感到失望
6.think first,speak later 三思而后言
7.communicate with sb/have a chat with sb 与某人交流/聊天
8.resolve conflicts 化解矛盾,解决冲突
1.(3分)这个简单的爱好对我产生了巨大的影响,帮助我摆脱了健康上的困扰。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
The simple hobby has a huge impact on me,helping me out of trouble in health.
2.(3分)减少焦虑的策略有很多,其中之一就是转移你关注的焦点。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
There are numerous strategies to reduce anxiety,one of which is to shift your focus of attention.
3.(3分)众所周知,交流是一个双向的过程,不仅包括说,也包括倾听,需要我们在其中投入时间。(It is known to all that...)
It is known to all that communication is a two-way process,involving not only speaking but also listening,which we should put time in.
4.(3分)人们往往停留在他们基于有限的互动或初次相遇而对他人形成的印象中。(过去分词短语作状语)
People are often stuck in the impressions of others that they formed based on limited interactions or initial encounters.
　　(15分)假设你是李华,13岁时你经常生病,总是因去看医生而缺课,偶然见到同学打篮球,你跃跃欲试,并逐渐产生了兴趣。此后,打篮球不仅使你身强体壮,还使你在比赛期间结识了许多新朋友。请你写信与你的朋友Peter分享你的经历。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Peter,
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
How are you doing I’m writing to share with you a remarkable transformation in my life that started with basketball.
As you can see,I am strong and tall.However,when I was 13,I was in poor health so that I often went to see the doctor,which left me missing many classes.One day,seeing my classmates playing basketball in the playground,I wanted to have a try.Gradually,I became interested in it.We often played basketball after class.With time going by,I was getting healthier and stronger.Also,I made many friends during the basketball matches.In a word,the simple hobby has a huge impact on me,helping me out of trouble in health.
I hope you’re also pursuing hobbies and activities that bring you joy and growth.Let’s get together soon and share more stories like this!
Yours,
Li Hua
点津:为非限制性定语从句;
为现在分词短语作时间状语;
为with复合结构;
为现在分词短语作结果状语。Unit 6　Disaster and hope
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Landslides are one of the most destructive natural disasters on the planet,causing billions of dollars of damage and devastating loss of life every year.By introducing a new paradigm (范例) for studying landslide shapes and failure types,a global team of researchers has provided help for those who work on landslide prediction and risk evaluation.
Current predictive models rely on databases that do not generally include information on the type of failure of mapped landslides.By using the aerial view (鸟瞰图) and elevation data of landslide sites combined with machine learning,the researchers were able to achieve 80—94 percent accuracy in identifying landslide movements in diverse locations around the world.Specifically,the study introduces a method of examining slides and flows,finding distinct patterns.
Researchers studied landslides around the world,like the 2008 disaster in Beichuan County,China,to develop a new paradigm to understand their movements and failure types.
“Our algorithm is not predicting landslides,” explained Malik,assistant professor in School of Mathematics and Statistics,Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT).“But the people who are in the business of predicting landslides need to know more information about them,like what caused them and what mechanisms they were.”
Various locations were studied,including Italy,the United States,Denmark,and China.The wide range of countries helped confirm the strength of the findings,since they can be successfully used in diverse regions and climates.
“It was quite exhilarating when we saw the success numbers,” said Malik.“We got the results,which are really good,but we need to be able to connect this to reality.”
The hope is that this deeper understanding of failure movements will help those who work to predict deadly events and enhance the accuracy and reliability of hazard (危害) and risk assessment models,which will help save lives and reduce damage.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍的是研究人员引入新的研究方法,帮助提高预测山体滑坡的准确率,以减少所造成的损失。
(　　)1.What is the new paradigm for
A.Predicting the consequences of landslides.
B.Evaluating the economic impact of landslides.
C.Mapping the locations of landslides worldwide.
D.Understanding landslide forms and damage types.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“By introducing a new paradigm (范例) for studying landslide shapes and failure types...and risk evaluation.”可知,这种新范例是用来了解滑坡形式和破坏类型的。故选D。
(　　)2.What is the advantage of the new method in landslide identification
A.It’s more convenient.
B.It’s more economic.
C.It’s more accurate.
D.It’s easier to operate.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By using the aerial view...in diverse locations around the world.”可知,通过这种新方法,研究者能在识别世界各地不同地点的滑坡运动方面达到80%至94%的准确率,由此可知,这种新方法的优势是更准确。故选C。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “exhilarating” in Paragraph 6 mean
A.Relaxing. B.Thrilling.
C.Amusing. D.Confusing.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词后的“when we saw the success numbers...be able to connect this to reality”可知,在看到成功的数字,得到了相当不错的结果的时候,研究者们应该是激动高兴的,由此可知,画线词与“Thrilling (令人激动的)”意义相近。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the best title for the text
A.The New Paradigm to Help Predict Landslides
B.The Economic Impact of Landslides Globally
C.The Use of Machine Learning in Predicting Landslides
D.The Urgency of Understanding the Shapes of Landslides
【答案】 A
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“By introducing a new paradigm ...risk evaluation.”以及下文中对新范例的分析及其在帮助预测滑坡方面的优势的介绍可知,A项最适合作本文标题。故选A。
B
Earthquakes cannot be forecasted,but engineers can prepare for them.Seismic isolation (地震隔离) systems built into the bases of certain buildings in high-risk areas use complex structures of concrete,rubber and metal to reduce quake damage by absorbing the ground’s horizontal shaking.
But such adaptations are expensive.Engineer Peter Jackson says building seismic isolation systems can increase construction costs by up to 20 percent.Although these systems might save more than they cost over time,builders in some regions may not have the budget for them at present.
A new seismic isolation method uses the physics of rolling to create a lower-cost alternative with readily available materials: recycled tennis balls.“Everyone plays tennis,and they don’t know what to do with the tennis balls after each game,” says a seismic engineer Michalis Vassiliou.
Vassiliou’s team based its method on an early form of seismic isolation that rolls a shaking building to a stop the way a skater in a half pipe eventually comes to rest.By separating a building from the ground with a layer of spheres (球体),the rolling seismic isolation changes the unstable horizontal shaking into a gentle rocking motion.This method was used in Peruvian pyramids,but today builders favour expensive,standardised isolation systems.
For their modern take on rolling seismic isolation,the researchers injected concrete-like mixes into balls that had lost their bounce.They built an inexpensive model consisting of four filled tennis balls sandwiched between two concrete slabs (混凝土板),and they found that it withstood earthquake shaking while supporting eight kilonewtons of force per ball—about twice what isolation systems might experience under one-story houses.
Peter Jackson says that the work is worthwhile and that such technology might serve an unmet need.But he notes that the results are primary.Vassiliou agrees that the next steps will mean creating and testing a larger model with hundreds of tennis balls at a research centre in earthquake-prone Cuba—an example of a place where such systems could make isolation practicable in ordinary construction.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种新型隔震方法,即用回收的网球创造一种成本较低的替代方案。
(　　)5.Why do the engineers adopt recycled tennis balls
A.To improve the performance of tennis balls.
B.To help deal with the tennis balls after matches.
C.To simplify the complex structures of buildings.
D.To cut the expense of seismic isolation buildings.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,工程师们使用回收的网球是为了降低隔震建筑的费用。故选D。
(　　)6.What effect could the new method achieve
A.Recycling useless tennis balls.
B.Transforming the unstable horizontal shaking into a gentle rocking motion.
C.Withstanding earthquake shaking.
D.Enabling a house to support much more force.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“By separating a building...shaking into a gentle rocking motion.”可知,这种新型方法可将不稳定的水平震动转化为轻柔的摇摆运动。
故选B。
(　　)7.Which of the following best describes Peter Jackson’s attitude towards the new method
A.Doubtful. B.Unclear.
C.Objective. D.Approving.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知,Peter Jackson既肯定这项工作是值得的,但同时也承认其结果是初步的,所以他对这种新方法持客观公正的态度。故选C。
(　　)8.What is the main idea of the text
A.Researchers are creating and testing models in Cuba.
B.Engineers are exploring ways of earthquake forecast.
C.A low-cost method helps shaking buildings roll to a stop.
D.Recycled tennis balls could protect buildings from disasters.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。前两段指出建筑隔震系统会增加建筑成本,从而引出第三段的话题——一种新型隔震方法。下文阐述了该方法的设计原理和隔震效果,进一步解释这种低成本的新型隔震方法。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer.This time,however,there had been a lot of rain and flash floods further north,which 　1　 ran down to the river.
My younger brother was getting 　2　 and thought we should evacuate (撤离).We spent hours trying to 　3　 him down.The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 metres away from our street level.After a few more 　4　,the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to a higher 　5　 just in case the water got to the street level.Later,we 　6　 a lot of furniture and electric appliances upstairs.
Finally,we decided to 　7　.The water was getting close to the street level,which only meant another foot from 　8　 our bottom floor.We left to spend the 　9　 with my cousin who lived in a neighbourhood close by.We heard that the water had 　10　 further,but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from my cousin’s house.
The 　11　 moment was when we finally got to see our house.There is a high school behind our house,which 　12　 at the base of a large hill,with an elevated oval stadium (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house.The water at its 　13　 was about 2 inches from being level with the oval stadium.We 　14　 it to survey our house.Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable 　15　 I had ever seen.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家在洪水发生期间的经历。
(　　)1.A.usually B.slowly
C.actually D.eventually
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“there had been a lot of rain and flash floods further north”可知,北部地区突发洪水,洪水最终(eventually)流到了河里。故选D。
(　　)2.A.nervous B.disappointed
C.curious D.excited
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“thought we should evacuate (撤离)”可知,作者的弟弟因为担心而感到紧张(nervous)。故选A。
(　　)3.A.turn B.lay
C.calm D.break
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“My younger brother...we should evacuate (撤离).”可知,弟弟因为担心而紧张,因此作者他们试图让他冷静下来,calm sb down意为“使某人冷静下来”。故选C。
(　　)4.A.metres B.degrees
C.hours D.days
【答案】 C
【解析】 此处指又过了几个小时(hours),水位比之前看到的要高得多。故选C。
(　　)5.A.garage B.ground
C.speed D.house
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“the water levels were...we’d seen before”可知,这里指把车开到一处更高的地方(ground),以防水位涨到街面的高度。故选B。
(　　)6.A.made B.sold
C.covered D.moved
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“the water levels were...we’d seen before”可知,为了避免家具和电器被洪水损坏,作者一家将它们搬到(moved)楼上。故选D。
(　　)7.A.swim B.separate
C.leave D.stay
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:最后,我们决定离开。根据下文“We left to spend the...close by.”可知,由于洪水逐渐严重的威胁,他们不得不离开(leave)。故选C。
(　　)8.A.entering B.reaching
C.filling D.destroying
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“The water was getting close to the street level”可知,这意味着洪水快到达(reaching)他们房子的底层了。故选B。
(　　)9.A.night B.weekend
C.holiday D.money
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“but had no idea how far...from my cousin’s house”可知,由于洪水,他们选择暂时离开家,去亲戚家过夜(night)。故选A。
(　　)10.A.washed B.run
C.flown D.risen
【答案】 D
【解析】 此处指他们听说水位上涨(risen)了,但不知道涨了多少。故选D。
(　　)11.A.funniest B.scariest
C.strangest D.greatest
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows...I had ever seen.”可知,看到灾难后的房子,这是最可怕的(scariest)时刻。故选B。
(　　)12.A.remains B.lies
C.operates D.spreads
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“at the base of a large hill”可知,这所高中位于(lies)一座大山脚下。故选B。
(　　)13.A.depth B.length
C.width D.height
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“about 2 inches from being level with the oval stadium”可知,此处描述的是水位的高度,height“高度”符合题意,at its height意为“在最高处,在顶峰时期”。故选D。
(　　)14.A.walked across B.stood by
C.looked through D.waved at
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“with an elevated oval stadium (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house”可知,作者一家穿过(walked across)体育场去查看自家房子的情况。故选A。
(　　)15.A.sport B.building
C.flood D.view
【答案】 D
【解析】 此处是说看到水轻拍着他们二楼卧室的窗户,是作者见过的最不可思议的景象(view)。故选D。Unit 2　Making a difference
题组训练(限时40分钟　总分35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
(2024-2025学年绍兴市高考科目诊断性考试)
It would be difficult to overemphasise the importance of cooperation,not only because it was fundamental to the success of our species through evolution,but because it is fundamental to the success of almost all modern social interactions and relationships.
Let’s start by defining what cooperation actually means.Although definitions vary,cooperation has been defined as working or acting together for mutual benefits.It requires two or more people to act in the best interest of their collective rather than acting for selfish benefit.During task-related communication,cooperation can be expressed in terms of proposing a fair distribution of resources or equal outcomes.
If we consider the dangerous environments that our ancestors grew up in,where around every corner was a potential predator (捕食者),it’s no surprise that cooperation was encouraged.Having strong social relationships provided a helping hand when sick or injured,and helped gather food as well as warnings about what to avoid eating.As a result,
modern humans are hard-wired to find cooperation rewarding.Researchers have demonstrated that cooperating with others is associated with increased reward-related activity in the brain compared to engaging in non-cooperative exchanges,even when the physical rewards obtained from such exchange remain the same.Evidently,it is in our nature to want to cooperate,and this is why our relationships thrive when we do.
When we consider the needs of others and put the goals of the collective above the desire for selfish gains during decision making,we lay the groundwork for a strong trusting relationship to be built.But it’s not just in our personal lives that cooperation allows us to thrive,the same goes for our professional lives.In business,when we work collaboratively with others,be it at an individual level (between employees) or an industry level (between organisations),the shared resources and shared ideas enable innovation to flourish.It is exactly this cooperative approach of “two heads are better than one” that is at the heart of project success throughout the academia and the private sector.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了合作的重要性,它不仅在人类进化过程中对成功至关重要,也在现代社会互动和关系中起着重要作用。
(　　)1.Which statement best defines cooperation according to Paragraph 2
A.Acting together for common interests.
B.Working individually for personal gains.
C.Building strong relationships within a team.
D.Associating with each other in an equal way.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二、第三句可知,关于合作的最好定义是为共同利益而共同行动。故选A。
(　　)2.Why does the author mention dangerous environments in human history
A.To show the cooperative ability of our ancestors.
B.To explain the link between cooperation and reward.
C.To highlight the role of cooperation in human survival.
D.To illustrate the research of reward-related brain activity.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的第一、第二句可知,作者提到人类历史上的危险环境是为了突出合作在人类生存中的作用。故选C。
(　　)3.How does cooperation contribute to success in professional settings
A.It promotes innovations by sharing ideas and resources.
B.It creates profit opportunities for organisations.
C.It ensures fair competition among employees.
D.It enables individuals to satisfy their desire.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句可知,在专业环境中,合作通过分享想法和资源来促进创新以达到成功。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Cooperation leads to the boost of business.
B.Cooperation strengthens personal relationships.
C.Cooperation is a key driver of human development.
D.Cooperation is a vital factor for professional success.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容和最后一段的最后一句可知,文章主要是讲合作是人类发展的重要动力。故选C。
Ⅱ.读后续写(劳动篇)(25分)
　　阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sandy and Jane came to see the jobo tree on the hilltop again.Jobos were their favourite fruit,but the tree belonged to a lady who lived in the house by the hill.They heard she was difficult,but that sometimes she would give fruit in return for an errand (差使).
The girls finally gathered their courage to knock on her door.An elderly woman with a fierce look answered,staring down at the girls.“We heard...” said Sandy,her voice shaky,“that you give jobos in payment for running an errand.”
The lady raised an eyebrow,then went into the kitchen and took two baskets.She put them into the girls’ hands.“Go fill these with jobos,and come right back.”
The girls raced up the hill to the tree and filled the baskets with the ripest jobos.Back at the house,the lady filled a bag with rice and handed it to Sandy.“Take this bag and one basket of jobos to the Brown family.And ask them for the payment,” the lady added with a tight smile.“If you return without the payment,you won’t get the fruit.”
The girls struggled all the way with the bag and the basket.When they were there,Mrs Brown answered the door.Inside the door were three little children,each painting something on paper.Mr Brown was lying sick in bed.Times were hard.
The girls handed her the food.“This is from the lady with the jobo tree,” said Sandy.
“She asked for the payment,too,” Jane said awkwardly.
“The payment! The payment!” The children repeated,waving the papers in their hands happily.
Sandy and Jane looked at each other strangely.With a smile,Mrs Brown handed Sandy a large sealed (密封的) envelope so full that it was almost starting to break open.The girls said goodbye and left quickly.“I wonder,” Sandy murmured,“whether Mrs Brown can afford to pay for that food.”
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Worried,the two girls discussed what was in the envelope as they walked back.
Paragraph 2:
The lady opened the envelope,took out a pile of papers and smiled.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who Sandy,Jane,the lady,the Brown family 渴望 充满希望 吃惊 担心 开心
Where The lady’s house
What Sandy and Jane ran an errand for the lady to trade her jobos.
明确主题定冲突 Theme The sweetness of the fruit made them feel that all the time and efforts paid off.
Conflict & Clue Conflict:The poor family who received the food did give them the payment contained in an envelope. Clue:With a smile,Mrs Brown handed Sandy a large sealed (密封的) envelope so full that it was almost starting to break open.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 Worried,the two girls discussed what was in the envelope as they walked back. Q1:What were their guesses Q2:How did Sandy and Jane feel about the payment
Para.2 The lady opened the envelope,took out a pile of papers and smiled. Q1:What was in the envelope Q2:How did the girls feel after finding out the truth Q3:Did the girls get the fruit
　　One possible version:
Worried,the two girls discussed what was in the envelope as they walked back.Tapping her chin,Sandy murmured,“If it’s money,that’s a great deal! If it’s not,what could it be ” Jane,lost in thought,didn’t reply at once.She placed her palm on the envelope,reflected on the family and suddenly claimed,“Paintings! It must be the children’s paintings!” After she explained to Sandy,they arrived at the old lady’s.Awkwardly,Jane handed the lady the envelope with trembling hands.
The lady opened the envelope,took out a pile of papers and smiled.On the papers were colourful drawings from the children.At this scene,Sandy and Jane looked at each other and smiled.Then,the girls gained their payment—a full basket of ripe jobos.For them,it turned out that their errand not only gained them their favourite fruit,but also a sweet taste of getting payment by their hard work.When they took a bite,the juice was as sweet as the feeling inside their hearts.
点津:为现在分词短语作伴随状语,同时也是动作描写;
为形容词短语作伴随状语,同时也是神态描写;
为完全倒装句;
使用了it turned out that...句式和 not only...but also...结构。Unit 5　What an adventure!
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
A first aid kit is a must in every family in case of emergency.To help you make sure yours contains all the right things,we spoke to experts in emergency medicine.And the following are some of the items recommended.
Items Application
Aspirin Two 81-milligram tablets of chewable Aspirin can be life-saving if taken within the first hour of a suspected heart attack.
Hand sanitizer This can be used to clean your hands when soap and water aren’t available;use it before putting on the gloves.
Antiseptic wipes If you don’t have access to clean running water,use these to clean and disinfect cuts before applying a bandage.
Antibacterial ointment This helps prevent infection by stopping the growth of bacteria in minor wounds.
Hydrocortisone cream It relieves pain from insect bites or poisonous plants.You can get it in single-use packaging.
Abdominal dressings These large dressings can help control heavy bleeding from major wounds.Keep firm pressure on the dressed wound until help arrives.
Gauze Both the squares and the rolls are good for packing and dressing wounds.
Self-adhesive bandages Have a variety of sizes in your kit,for minor cuts.
Trauma shears It’s worth having good scissors so you can quickly and easily cut thick bandages or clothing.
Burn hydrogels It cools damaged skin and reduces pain;they’re ideal when it’s not possible to run skin under cool water.
[语篇导读] 本文是应用文。文章介绍了急救箱中应该包含的一些物品及其用途,以便更好地应对紧急情况。
(　　)1.What can be applied to reduce pain if someone is bitten by an insect
A.Burn hydrogels.
B.Antiseptic wipes.
C.Antibacterial ointment.
D.Hydrocortisone cream.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Hydrocortisone cream部分中的第一句可知,如果有人被昆虫咬了,可以用hydrocortisone cream来减轻疼痛。故选D。
(　　)2.How many items are related to cleaning
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。文中介绍了各种急救医务用品的功能用途,根据Hand sanitizer部分中的内容和Antiseptic wipes部分中的内容可知,这两种用品是用来清洁的。故选A。
(　　)3.Which column of a website is the text probably taken from
A.Sports. B.Health.
C.Culture. D.Opinion.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段内容可知,本文介绍的是急救箱中必备的物品,因此文章应该出自网站的健康栏目。故选B。
B
The idea of climbing Mount Qomolangma disgusted me.The mountain came to represent the opposite of everything that I loved and respected about climbing.What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry.Whenever I was asked whether I’d climb Mount Qomolangma,my answer was always the same:not interested.
That was probably where my personal Mount Qomolangma story would have ended,were it not for an old friend and his obsession (迷恋) with one of the greatest mysteries.In 1999,Thom Pollard began to explore and found the remains of George Mallory,the celebrated British climber who disappeared while he was attempting to be the first to climb Mount Qomolangma.But Mallory’s partner,Sandy Irvine,and the camera he had likely carried,were not found.The mountain climbing world has been wondering whether they might have reached the top in 1924.
Pollard’s story moved me.I began to pack for the climb and expected that our advanced equipment would make it manageable,perhaps easy.I was wrong.On the highest point on the planet,I was more tired than I’d ever been in any climbing.Along the way,I continuously tipped my hat,not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up to this route.My search was in vain,but I began to reconsider Mount Qomolangma.
I witnessed many climbers,who were much more than just self-centred tourists.We shared route information,weather forecasts,and family photos—all united around a common goal.
I went to Mount Qomolangma to seek Mallory and Irvine.But in the end,I found something more difficult to get:the spirit that Irvine and Mallory shared.It was hiding in plain sight,right where it has always been:inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers’ footsteps to climb Mount Qomolangma.
[语篇导读] 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述在Thom Pollard的激励下,作者开始攀登珠穆朗玛峰,在攀登的过程中,作者感悟到了很多。
(　　)4.What is the main reason why the author hated climbing Mount Qomolangma at first
A.He changed his climbing goal.
B.The conditions of Mount Qomolangma were terrible.
C.Mount Qomolangma became an industry to make money.
D.The mountain was too crowded with climbers.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What had once been the...a commercial guiding industry.”可知,曾经的最终登山目标成了商业导向行业的焦点。由此可知,作者起初讨厌攀登珠穆朗玛峰主要是因为它变成了一个与商业挂钩的赚钱的行业。故选C。
(　　)5.Why did the author climb Mount Qomolangma later
A.Because he desired to challenge himself.
B.Because he got motivated by Thom Pollard.
C.Because his old friend persuaded him to climb.
D.Because he wanted to follow the footsteps of Mallory and Irvine.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,Pollard的故事打动了作者。由此可知,作者后来攀登珠穆朗玛峰是受到了Thom Pollard的激励。故选B。
(　　)6.What does the underlined phrase “tipped my hat” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Expressed my gratitude.
B.Proved my determination.
C.Relieved the tiredness.
D.Showed my respect.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据第三段中的“I began to pack for the climb...I’d ever been in any climbing.”可知,作者本来以为先进的登山设备可以使攀登珠穆朗玛峰变得容易,但是事实证明,作者感觉攀登珠穆朗玛峰比以往任何一次攀登都要累。再根据画线短语后的“not just to Mallory and Irvine...or herself up to this route”可知,此处表示在攀登的过程中,作者一直在向Mallory、Irvine和所有有动力推动自己走上这条路线的人致敬,画线短语tipped my hat的意思是“表示尊敬,致敬”,和showed my respect意思相近。故选D。
(　　)7.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.Admiration for the climbers.
B.Concern about the risks.
C.Confidence in the journey.
D.Expectations for the future of Mount Qomolangma.
【答案】 A
【解析】 段落大意题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,作者在最后一段对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步从而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢攀登者们表达了钦佩之情。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
The race to the South Pole was between Captain Scott and the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.Captain Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica on 1 June,1910.On his way to Antarctica,he received a message from Amundsen 1.　　　　 said he was going south,too.Then the race began.
To get 2.　　　　 (prepare) for their journeys the next year,both teams organised their food bases during the polar summer of 1910—1911.Then came the total 3.　　　　 (dark) of the polar winter.The two explorers waited anxiously for spring.The first 4.　　　　 (leave) was Amundsen,who set off on 20 October,1911,with teams of dogs 5.　　　　 (pull) the sledges.All his men were on skis.Because of this,he made rapid progress.On 1 November,Scott left and soon 6.　　　　 (have) problems.His two sledges broke down and then the horses had difficulties with the snow and the cold.As 7.　　　　 result,Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.So,when Scott and his four team members finally arrived at the Pole,they 8.　　　　(shock) to see the Norwegian flag there.They realised that they had failed to win the race.
Then,they prepared for the return journey.It was one of the 9.　　　　 (bad) in the history of exploration.They had to face 800 miles of hard pushing.They were soon very tired and what was worse,they were running out 10.　　　　 food.Unfortunately,they didn’t make it to their food base.The news of Scott’s death was really shocking.But the great courage shown by Scott and his team members made them heroes.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了斯科特船长和挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的南极探索之旅。
1.【答案】 which/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是a message,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
2.【答案】 prepared
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。get prepared for...意为“为……做好准备”,符合题意。故填prepared。
3.【答案】 darkness
【解析】 考查名词。根据the total可知,空处需填名词,darkness作名词,意为“黑暗”,表示抽象含义,是不可数名词。故填darkness。
4.【答案】 to leave
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析可知,The first/second/third(+名词)+to do意为“第一(二、三)个做……的(人)”,不定式充当后置定语。故填to leave。
5.【答案】 pulling
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。结合句意并分析句子可知,此处是with的复合结构,teams of dogs和pull之间是逻辑上的主动关系,pull应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填pulling。
6.【答案】 had
【解析】 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少谓语动词,根据“On 1 November,
Scott left and”可知,空处并列的谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填had。
7.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。as a result意为“因此;结果是”,符合句意。故填a。
8.【答案】 were shocked
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子并结合句意可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。句子主语they与动词shock之间为被动关系,且主语为复数。故填were shocked。
9.【答案】 worst
【解析】 考查形容词最高级。“one of the +形容词最高级(+名词复数)”意为“最……之一”。故填worst。
10.【答案】 of
【解析】 考查介词。run out of sth意为“用完,耗尽某物”。故填of。Unit 3　The world of science
以读促写(限时40分钟　总分67分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
Born in 1958 in Nanning, Guangxi Province, Dr Huang Danian became interested in geophysics early.His parents, teaching at a local geological institution, passed the passion down to him.In 1977, Huang was admitted to Changchun Institute of Geology and later taught there.He once wrote that rejuvenating (使恢复活力) the Chinese nation was their generation’s responsibility.
In 1992, he went to Britain for further studies.There, he obtained his doctorate in geophysics and joined a local firm.During his time in the UK, Huang remained devoted to the motherland, frequently flying back to China to attend academic meetings or seminars related to his field.In 2009, he returned to China with great resolve.For him, no matter how successful he was abroad, the biggest satisfaction would be improving his home country.
Upon his return to China, he was entrusted to work at Jilin University as a professor and chief scientist in a branch of China’s biggest deep-earth exploration programme.Over 400 scientists participated in the programme, which aimed to fix high-tech cameras on aircraft, ships, and satellites that would enable scientists to see through Earth’s crust (地壳) without digging into it.
For seven years, Huang worked racing against time.Many of his co-workers called him a workaholic while he thought he was more like a “lunatic (疯狂的人)”.“China is in urgent need of ‘lunatics’ if it is to become a stronger country.It would be an honour if I could be one of them,” he said.The lunatic’s madness paid off.He and his team helped China greatly narrow its gap with developed countries in obtaining precise data on deep-earth exploration.They created a number of China’s No.1s, filling many technical gaps for China’s sky survey, ground detection, and sea exploration.
During his whole life, he sought no fame, and always kept the motherland in mind.As a scientist, he fulfilled his dream of rejuvenating the nation with exceptional achievements.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了黄大年教授的生平事迹,特别是他在深地探测领域的贡献以及他对祖国科技发展的执着追求。
(　　)1.Why did Dr Huang decide to return and work in China
A.To work at Jilin University.
B.To attend academic meetings.
C.To devote himself to researching.
D.To serve his motherland whole-heartedly.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段中的“In 2009, he returned to China...would be improving his home country.”可知,黄大年为了全心全意为祖国服务,决定回国工作。故选D。
(　　)2.What did the deep-earth exploration programme focus on
A.Discovering new mineral resources.
B.Competing with developed countries.
C.Equipping various platforms with cameras.
D.Helping scientists explore beneath the Earth’s crust.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知,深地探测项目的重点是帮助科学家探索地壳下的世界。故选D。
(　　)3.What did Dr Huang and his team achieve
A.They won many international awards.
B.They got accurate data on the deep ocean.
C.They attained many firsts in relevant fields.
D.They helped China overtake developed countries.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,黄大年和他的团队在相关领域取得了许多第一。故选C。
(　　)4.Which of the following can best describe Dr Huang
A.Committed and patriotic.
B.Enterprising and crazy.
C.Sensitive and rigid.
D.Single-minded and unreliable.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句、第二段最后两句和最后一段内容可知,黄大年是忠诚和爱国的。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full use of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not　1　 on obvious facts, and therefore 　2　 to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas 　3　 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to　4　 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford.He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 　5　 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 　6　 many important truths.
However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of the several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England. He began to show how many important
　7　 could be discovered by observation.Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 　8　 towards Earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so.But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 　9　 stones, proving Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo’s 　10　 of going directly to nature and proving our
　11　 and theories by experiment that has 　12　 all the discoveries of modern science.
What　13　 those people good scientists From the example of Galileo, we can see
　14　 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 　15　 better results.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。作者通过实例阐述自己的一个观点:科学家应该是一个很好的观察者,不能盲目相信他人,应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
(　　)1.A.dependent B.based
C.insisted D.centred
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“He makes full use of the facts he observes.”可知,成功的科学家不接受没有明显事实依据的想法,be based on意为“以……为基础/依据”。故选B。
(　　)2.A.refuses B.desires
C.intends D.regrets
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据句意和句中的“therefore”可知,前后为因果关系,不接受没有明显事实依据的想法,因此拒绝(refuses)接受权威是唯一的真理。故选A。
(　　)3.A.casually B.carefully
C.quickly D.privately
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“He always checks ideas”和下文“and makes experiments to prove them”可知,此处介绍好的科学家的品质,故应为仔细(carefully)检查想法。故选B。
(　　)4.A.look B.keep
C.date D.turn
【答案】 C
【解析】 此处指现代科学的兴起或许被认为最早可以追溯到罗杰·培根时期。date as far back as意为“最早可追溯到”。故选C。
(　　)5.A.command B.suspect
C.predict D.conclude
【答案】 D
【解析】 此处指罗杰·培根可能是中世纪第一个推断出(conclude)我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学的人。故选D。
(　　)6.A.brought B.recorded
C.discovered D.announced
【答案】 C
【解析】 结合句意和后面的宾语“many important truths”可知,他本人发现(discovered)了很多重要的真理。故选C。
(　　)7.A.truths B.problems
C.investigations D.subjects
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“could be discovered by observation”以及上文“many important truths”可知,很多真理(truths)可以通过观察而被发现。故选A。
(　　)8.A.slowly B.rapidly
C.lightly D.heavily
【答案】 B
【解析】 此处指在伽利略之前,学者们相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快(rapidly),因为亚里士多德是这么说的。故选B。
(　　)9.A.big B.small
C.similar D.unequal
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“proving Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知,此处表示使用了两块大小不相等的(unequal)石头。故选D。
(　　)10.A.spirit B.skill
C.theory D.wish
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“But Galileo went to the top of...proving Aristotle was wrong.”可知,这是伽利略科学精神(spirit)的具体表现。故选A。
(　　)11.A.plans B.opinions
C.world D.ability
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句意和后面的“and theories by experiment”可知,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。故选B。
(　　)12.A.led to B.came with
C.set up D.put forward
【答案】 A
【解析】 此处指正是伽利略直面自然和用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神才引发(led to)了现代科学的所有发现。故选A。
(　　)13.A.promises B.prevents
C.considers D.makes
【答案】 D
【解析】 此处发出疑问:是什么让(makes)这些人成为优秀的科学家 故选D。
(　　)14.A.likely B.clearly
C.naturally D.unwillingly
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“It is Galileo’s...and theories by experiment”可知,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人,这一点从伽利略的事例中可以很清楚地(clearly)知道。故选B。
(　　)15.A.foreseen B.rejected
C.produced D.challenged
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后面的宾语“better results”可知,此处指那些成功的科学家们的观察产生了(produced)更好的结果。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Can you imagine what the future will be like Some 1.　　　　(company) are looking to produce flying vehicles.That is amazing.If we have our own 2.　　　　(person) flying cars, we would fly at the speed of 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding busy roads.However, 3.　　　　seems that there is a long way to go before they get off the ground! One of the problems
4.　　　　(point) out by some people is what 5.　　　　 (happen) if the flying cars break down.
Others are trying to build a practical suit“exoskeleton”, a suit of robot arms and legs
6.　　　　 follows your movement.It will allow the wearer 7.　　　　(lift) heavy objects and walk a long way! It is useful in many ways, 8.　　　　(especial) for people with disabilities.This suit might help people to walk again after disease or injury.But the disadvantage at the moment is battery life.A suit like this potentially 9.　　　　 (need) a lot of power but batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment.
So in the future, whether we may fly to work 10.　　　　lift heavy objects with the“exoskeleton”, there are plenty of problems to solve before this is possible.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了两项未来科技——飞行汽车和“外骨骼”套装的可行性,以及人们需要为此做出哪些努力。
1.【答案】 companies
【解析】 考查名词复数。Some后需接可数名词复数,故填companies。
2.【答案】 personal
【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰flying cars,应用形容词作定语,故填personal。
3.【答案】 it
【解析】 考查代词。it seems that...意为“似乎……”,为固定句型,故填it。
4.【答案】 pointed
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,主句已有谓语动词is,其后为what引导的表语从句,所以此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词problems,动词point与名词problems之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填pointed。
5.【答案】 will happen
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据“if the flying cars break down”可知,if引导的条件状语从句表示对将来情况的预测时,要遵从“主将从现”原则,所以此处表语从句的谓语动词应用一般将来时,故填will happen。
6.【答案】 which/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词是a suit of robot arms and legs,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填which/that。
7.【答案】 to lift
【解析】 考查动词不定式。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”,故填to lift。
8.【答案】 especially
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语,表示“尤其”,故填especially。
9.【答案】 needs
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空后的last可知,此处谓语动词应用一般现在时,描述客观事实,主语是A suit,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填needs。
10.【答案】 or
【解析】 考查连词。根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应用whether...or...结构,意为“无论是……还是……”,故填or。
1.become interested in 对……感兴趣
2.pass...down to sb 把……传给某人
3.pay off 取得成功,奏效
4.make full use of充分利用
5.be based on...以……为基础/依据
6.point out 指出
1.become a reality成为现实
2.in conversation(s) with与……交谈
3.make important advances in...在……方面取得重大进展
4.in terms of...在……方面;从……角度来看;就……而言
5.be capable of有能力做/能够……
6.inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
7.no doubt毫无疑问
8.improve the quality of life for...改善……的生活质量
9.send a warning to...向……发送警告
10.respond to回应,应对
1.(3分)惊讶于科技的魅力,我们对其产生了兴趣。(过去分词短语作原因状语)
Amazed at the magic of technology, we became interested in it.
2.(3分)毫无疑问,正是这款机器人识别基本的人类情绪以及在老年人需要陪伴时与他们进行交谈的能力才让它特别有吸引力。(no doubt;强调句)
No doubt it is the robot’s ability to recognise basic human emotions and communicate with the elderly when they need company that makes it particularly appealing.
3.(3分)科学家们在理解癌症的遗传基础方面取得了重大进展,从而为患者提供了更有针对性的治疗。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Scientists have made important advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer, leading to more targeted treatments for patients.
4.(3分)以前不可能的事情已经成为现实,大大改善了人们的生活质量。(主语从句;非限制性定语从句)
What was previously impossible has become a reality, which has significantly improved people’s quality of life.
　　(15分)上周五,你校组织了一次以“科技让生活更美好”为主题的社会实践活动,学生们参观了一家科技公司。请你为学校英语角写一篇报道,介绍这次活动,内容包括:
1.活动时间、主题;
2.参观过程(听讲座、观摩并体验3D打印技术等);
3.活动感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　One possible version:
Last Friday witnessed an extraordinary activity organised by our school, whose theme was “Technology makes life better”.
In the morning, we set off for a technology company.Upon our arrival, an engineer there welcomed us and gave a lecture on 3D printing, introducing its history, development and application in various fields.In addition, he showed us how the 3D printer worked. Amazed at the magic of technology, we became interested in it.We couldn’t wait to give it a try.Our group first designed a 3D model of a bike and then operated the printer as instructed. The bike gradually taking shape, we felt more than excited.
No doubt it was an educative and eye-opening activity that impressed us with the convenience and benefits brought by technology.
点津:为无灵主语句和非限制性定语从句;
为现在分词短语作伴随状语;
为过去分词短语作原因状语;
为独立主格结构;
为强调句。Unit 4　Amazing art
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分30分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
FAMOUS CHINESE PAINTINGS,
ARTISTIC TREASURES
　　With thousands of years of continuous history,China is one of the most culturally unique nations.Over many centuries,Chinese artists have created paintings that are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.
　　Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi
　　Legend has it that Cao Zhi,a prince of the state of Cao Wei,fell in love with the governor’s daughter.However,she married his brother,Cao Pi,and the prince became upset.
Later,he composed an emotional poem about the love between the mythical goddess and a common person.In the 4th century,Gu Kaizhi,a Chinese artist,was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.
　　Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang
　　During the Tang Dynasty,China had a prosperous economy and flourishing culture.In this period,the genre of “beautiful women painting” enjoyed popularity.Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang,a Chinese artist,created artworks in this genre.In his painting,the ladies stand as though they are fashion models,but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.
　　Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan
　　Zhang Zeduan depicted the landscape in his work Along the River During the Qingming Festival.However,instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature,he captured the daily life of the people in Bianjing,present-day Kaifeng.His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty.
　　A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng
　　Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music,but they also found pleasure in depicting nature.One such painter was Wang Ximeng.He was a prodigy.Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old.He died several years later,but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.
[语篇导读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了四幅中国古代画家创作的知名绘画作品。
(　　)1.Where do you think this passage is taken from
A.A novel.
B.A travel journal.
C.A magazine.
D.A book review.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及下文可知,文章主要介绍了中国古代画家创作的绘画作品,所以本文最有可能出自一本和艺术相关的杂志。故选C。
(　　)2.What can we learn from this passage
A.Wang Ximeng created his masterpiece in his teens.
B.Nymph of the Luo River is a poem written by Cao Zhi.
C.Zhou Fang painted fashion models in his painting.
D.Zhang Zeduan’s painting describes the daily life of officials.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi部分中的最后两句可知,《洛神赋图》实际上是顾恺之根据曹植的诗《洛神赋》所作的一幅画,所以B项不正确;根据Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang部分中的最后一句可知,周昉的画里面画的并不是时装模特,所以C项不正确;根据Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan部分中的第二句可知,张择端在《清明上河图》里面描绘的并不是官员们的日常生活,而是普通老百姓的日常生活,所以D项不正确;根据A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng部分中的倒数第二句可知,王希孟在十七岁时就完成了他的杰作,所以A项正确。故选A。
(　　)3.Which is your best choice if you want to enjoy a painting with the beauty of nature
A.Nymph of the Luo River.
B.A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains.
C.Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers.
D.Along the River During the Qingming Festival.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng部分中的内容可知,《千里江山图》描绘了大自然的美景,所以如果你想欣赏大自然的美景,这幅画是最佳选择。故选B。
B
　　Instead of throwing the pits (核) or nuts after eating fruit like many people,inheritors of nut-carving will collect them and turn them into artworks.
　　“One nut,ranging from 0.8 to 6 centimetres,can be shaped into delicate earrings,buttons,
seals,etc,” said Tan Wanhai,an inheritor of Weifang nut-carving.
　　Weifang nut-carving can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty,during which a retired royal craftsman Wang Dayan spread the skill to the locals in Shandong Province.Craftsmen back then often used peach pits to display their artistic skills.Due to the demanding carving skills and its rich artistic content including many different elements,Weifang nut-carving was listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage as early as 2008.
　　Tan has studied the nut-carving for many years and has created many nut-carvings along the way.Yet,the craftsman also admitted that the journey of bringing this kind of masterpiece to life is not all smooth sailing.“Unlike some pits like olive pits whose surfaces are flat,each peach pit has a unique texture like fingerprints,”Tan said,adding that craftsmen should have the capability to trace each peach pit carefully to plan their artwork besides the carving technique itself.
　　Also,craftsmen need to have a wide foundation of knowledge when it comes to carving nuts.According to Tan,they have to master skills in painting,seal-carving and calligraphy from many traditional cultures.Sometimes,to better depict classic folktales or legends in their artworks,they need to read many books to prepare themselves.
　　It is this kind of dedication that Tan and others possess that allows Weifang nut-carving to thrive when many traditional skills are gradually disappearing.“In recent years,Weifang nut-carving artworks have been increasingly welcomed by people in China for their inventive layouts and novel ideas,”Tan said.This popularity,in turn,has also attracted many people to learn the skill of nut-carving and even become inheritors to pass it down.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了潍坊核雕技艺的历史及其传承人谈万海对这门艺术的诠释。
(　　)4.What can we know about Weifang nut-carving
A.It dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
B.It can transform a nut into different shapes.
C.It was invented by a retired royal craftsman.
D.It was first nationally recognised recently.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,潍坊核雕可以把一个核变成不同的样子。故选B。
(　　)5.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “depict” in
Paragraph 5
A.Tell. B.Understand.
C.Review. D.Create.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词后文“classic folktales or legends...to prepare themselves”可知,工匠需要阅读很多书籍来让自己做好准备,才能更好地在作品中描绘经典的民间故事或传说,故画线词的意思是“描绘,讲述”。故选A。
(　　)6.What are Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 mainly about
A.The cultural significance of nut-carving.
B.The reasons why nut-carvings are valuable.
C.The skills required for nut-carving craftsmen.
D.The difficulties craftsmen have when creating nut-carvings.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第四段以及第五段内容可知,第四段和第五段主要讲的是核雕工匠所需要的技能。故选C。
(　　)7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Seeds of Art:Nut-carving
B.Art Originating from Life
C.Beauty of Nut-carving
D.Devoted Contemporary Inheritors
【答案】 A
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知,文章主要介绍了潍坊核雕技艺的历史及其传承人谈万海对这门艺术的诠释。因此A项最适合作文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·八省联考)
Join the Friends and find the place
that’s right for you
·Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum
Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond.They are families,
students,scholars,and alumni (校友).1.　　　.Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university,and by a desire to be part of a cultural community.Friends are interested and active in the life of the Art Museum.Friends are art lovers—just like you.
·2.　　　
As a Friend,your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum’s educational programs.By joining the Friends,you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all visitors to experience,to enjoy,and to love.
·What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy
3.　　　.When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum,you also become part of a great tradition.Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum,but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like-minded individuals.4.　　　,and they get invitations to exhibition openings,lectures,
travel opportunities,and lively social gatherings.
·How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy.5.　　　,return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope,and begin enjoying your benefits immediately.If you prefer,you may join online at artmuseum.edu/support/become-a-member,or when you visit the Museum Store.
A.Why does membership matter
B.How can I learn about the Friends
C.Simply complete the membership form
D.You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
E.Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F.Friends receive a subscription to the Museum’s quarterly magazine
G.Friends are people of all ages,interests,abilities,and cultural backgrounds
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的成员构成、会员身份的重要性、成为会员的好处及加入方式,并鼓励公众参与。
1.【答案】 G　
【解析】 由上文“Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond.They are families,students,scholars,and alumni (校友).”可知,上文介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的成员构成,强调其成员身份的多样性。选项G能承接上文,进一步说明了成员身份的多样性,符合题意。故选G。
2.【答案】 A　
【解析】 由下文“As a Friend,your membership provides essential annual support...all visitors to experience,to enjoy,and to love.”可知,空处需要一个问句来引出会员身份的重要性。选项A提出了会员身份重要性的问题,符合题意。故选A。
3.【答案】 E　
【解析】 该空是对“What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy ”这一问题的回答。下文“When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum,you also become part of a great tradition...with other like-minded individuals.”进一步说明会员享有的各种好处。选项E与下文逻辑一致,概述会员可以拥有许多机会,符合题意。故选E。
4.【答案】 F　
【解析】 由上文“Not only will you be actively participating in...share your love of art with other like-minded individuals.”及下文“and they get invitations to exhibition openings,
lectures,travel opportunities,and lively social gatherings”可知,空处需要一个句子来列举会员所享有的好处。选项F具体提到了会员可以收到博物馆的季刊杂志,能承上启下,符合题意。故选F。
5.【答案】 C　
【解析】 由上文“How do I join the Friends ”及下文“return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope,and begin enjoying your benefits immediately”可知,空处需要一个句子来介绍加入Friends的方式。选项C提出完成会员申请表,且C选项中的the membership form与下文的it相对应,符合题意。故选C。

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