资源简介

Unit 3　The world meets China
以读促写(限时40分钟　总分64.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
Los Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rooftop of a traditional Chinese scholar’s studio,occasionally turning a page of his book.The scene was in the reopened Liu Fang Yuan garden at the Huntington Library,Art Collections and Botanical Gardens.For him,the garden brings the Chinese philosophies he learnt from books to life.
Phillip E.Bloom,director of the Centre for East Asian Garden Studies,said the idea for Liu Fang Yuan goes back to the 1980s with the initial aim of creating a collection of Chinese plants,but after research,they realised plants alone were not sufficient to demonstrate the essence of a Chinese garden.Eventually,it was decided to model a garden on the 16th and 17th century scholarly retreats (隐居处) in Suzhou.
The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens,but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens.Bloom said that Henry Huntington,founder of the Huntington Library,was a successful US businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books and artworks and to create gardens.“Many Suzhou gardens were also created by people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle,” he added.
To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens,the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou,giving rise to collaboration between the US and Chinese architects,contractors and designers.In all stages of construction,artisans (工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue.
After three years of expansion from 2018 to 2020,Liu Fang Yuan reopened to the public with 4.8 hectares of new landscape,making it one of the largest classical-style Chinese gardens in the world.The additions include courtyards displaying penjing,a scholar’s studio,a pavilion (亭子) situated at the garden’s highest point,etc.
Now,it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden.“A lot of volunteers come to different lectures and exhibitions about Chinese culture that we hold regularly,” Bloom said.By exposing its visitors to arts and literature,Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国的流芳园以中国的苏州园林为模板,在扩建后重新开放。
(　　)1.What do we know about Liu Fang Yuan
A.It used to be a scholarly retreat in Suzhou.
B.It was constructed by Suzhou artisans alone.
C.It became the largest garden after being expanded.
D.It promotes cultural exchanges between America and China.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句、第二段内容以及最后一段中的“By exposing its...between the two countries.”可知,流芳园的创意来自苏州园林的建筑艺术,同时,流芳园在促进中美文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选D。
(　　)2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The introduction to the founder.
B.The fame of Suzhou classical gardens.
C.The reasons for modelling a Suzhou garden.
D.The features of a scholarly lifestyle.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,因为亨廷顿图书馆和苏州园林有相似之处,同时还因为苏州古典园林的名气,所以流芳园以苏州园林为模板进行设计,建成了苏州园林样式的花园。因而本段主要讲述流芳园以苏州园林为模板进行设计的原因。故选C。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “collaboration” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Negotiation. B.Cooperation.
C.Inspiration. D.Contradiction.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第四段内容可知,在建设这个园林期间,来自苏州的工匠会到场地参与细节问题,说明中美建筑师、承包商和设计师在这个过程中进行了合作,因而此处画线词意为“合作”。故选B。
(　　)4.Why did Bloom mention local people’s interactions with the garden
A.To show its cultural significance.
B.To detail its architectural features.
C.To promote its diverse activities.
D.To boost its international fame.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now,it is...interact with the garden.”以及“By exposing its...the two countries.”可知,Bloom通过提及当地人与流芳园之间的交流与互动,充分说明流芳园在中美文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Wellness for Younger Tastes
Wellness,or yangsheng in Mandarin,is no longer a term exclusive to the middle-aged and elderly.Faced with intense competition in education and their careers,those born in the 1990s and 2000s have already started a journey to safeguard their health.As the pursuit of wellness becomes an essential pastime for many young people,a trend known as “New Chinese-style Wellness” has taken over social media platforms.1.　　　.During a busy work day,they enjoy herbal teas brewed (煮) in wellness pots,enhancing their well-being while tapping away at their keyboards.
2.　　　,advocating for the consumption of fresh,natural ingredients,balanced meals and exercising moderation in the consumption of oily and peppery foods,essentially maintaining a light and nutritious diet.Additionally,it promotes mental well-being by incorporating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories to regulate emotions and achieve a balanced development of physical and mental health.3.　　　,and as long as this demand continues to exist,the interest in related TCM practices will continue to grow.
Given the long hours facing a computer for work,young people often experience muscle discomfort in their shoulders and necks.Besides using a meridian massage (按摩) device,they may also get regular professional massages at hospitals to ease these issues.4.　　　,such as taijiquan,to strengthen the body and achieve the goal of wellness and fitness.
5.　　　,which is behind their exploration of new wellness practices.According to the China’s Good Life Survey released by CCTV Finance,in 2023,health-related consumption ranked third in the list of consumption intentions among young people aged 18 to 35.
A.Many young people are riding the trend
B.Furthermore,“New Chinese-style Wellness” advocates for light exercise
C.There is a reflection of young people’s consumption trends
D.Having a balanced and healthy diet has always been important
E.“New Chinese-style Wellness” emphasises the idea of dietary therapy
F.Modern young people have a different lifestyle from the older generation
G.The demand for health and wellness among modern individuals is significant
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了当代中国年轻人的“新中式养生”。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 上文指出随着追求健康成为许多年轻人必不可少的消遣方式,一种被称为“新中式养生”的潮流席卷了社交媒体平台;下文指出在繁忙的工作中,他们喜欢在养生壶中冲泡草药茶,一边敲击键盘,一边增强他们的健康。由此可知,A项符合语境,下文中的“they”指代的正是A项中的“Many young people”。故选A。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 下文指出提倡食用新鲜、天然的食材,均衡膳食,适量食用油腻、辛辣食物,本质上是保持清淡营养的饮食。因此设空处应是说“新中式养生”强调了饮食疗法的理念,E项符合语境。故选E。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 下文指出只要这种需求继续存在,对相关中医实践的兴趣就会继续增长。因此设空处应是阐述“这种需求”具体指代的内容,进而与下文构成并列关系,G项符合语境。故选G。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 空后句以太极拳为例,解释说明了太极拳可以增强身体、达到健康和健身的目的。因此B项符合语境,说明“新中式养生”提倡轻度运动。故选B。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 央视财经发布的《中国美好生活大调查》显示,2023年,在18—35岁年轻人的消费意向中,保健养生排名第三。因此设空处应承接上文,引出下文,说明这就是他们探索新的健康实践的原因。C项符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Located in south Anhui Province,the two traditional villages Xidi and Hongcun are architectural 1.　　　　 (complex),with a high historical and artistic value.They still retain (保留) the original features of Anhui villages between the 14th and 20th centuries.
Xidi village 2.　　　 　 (compose) of more than 300 civil residences,most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Backed by picturesque hills and towering ancient woods,this village is noted 3.　　 　 the harmony of its architecture and its colourful fields.
The residential buildings are mostly black and white.The decorations display a strong flavour of the Ming and Qing dynasties.Potted plants,fishponds and flowerbeds give 4.　　　 whole village a sense of harmony with nature.
Hongcun village features its overall design 5.　　　　 resembles the shape of an ox.The ancient Academy of the South Lake casts its shadow on the lake and 6.　　　 　 (create) a quiet scene together with ancient trees and graceful buildings around it.
Xidi and Hongcun experienced 1,000 years of continuous 7.　　　　 (transform) and development,all the while authentically 8.　　　　 (preserve) their characters as traditional Chinese villages.The villages faithfully preserve elements that are typical of traditional pre-modern villages.9.　　　　 (additional),the sites preserve regional arts,customs,cuisines and other forms of cultural and traditional ways of life.Xidi and Hongcun are,without doubt,ideal sites for a contemporary society 10.　　　　 (research) traditional village culture.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了安徽省南部的两个传统村落——西递和宏村。
1.【答案】 complexes
【解析】 考查名词复数。分析句子可知,architectural为形容词,空格处应用名词,complex作为“建筑群”讲时为可数名词,根据句中的are可知,应用复数形式。故填complexes。
2.【答案】 is composed
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,句子陈述的是客观事实,Xidi village和compose之间为被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is composed。
3.【答案】 for
【解析】 考查介词。分析句子可知,此处为固定短语“be noted for...”,意为“以……而闻名”。故填for。
4.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。分析句子可知,此处应用定冠词the,特指整个西递村。故填the。
5.【答案】 that/which
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为design,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。
6.【答案】 creates
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意和and前的并列谓语动词casts可知,句子陈述的是客观事实,为一般现在时,Academy of the South Lake为单个专有名词,空格处应用第三人称单数形式。故填creates。
7.【答案】 transformation
【解析】 考查名词。分析句子可知,continuous为形容词,空格处应用名词作宾语,与and后的名词development并列,对应的名词为transformation,意为“转变”,为不可数名词。故填transformation。
8.【答案】 preserving
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词experienced,空格处应用非谓语动词,Xidi and Hongcun和preserve之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填preserving。
9.【答案】 Additionally
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子可知,空格处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Additionally。
10.【答案】 to research
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处表目的,应用动词不定式。故填to research。
1.go back to 追溯到
2.be not sufficient to 不足以
3.due to the fame 由于名气
4.go beyond international boundaries 超越国界
5.(be) faced with intense competition 面对激烈的竞争
6.the pursuit of 对……的追求
7.be located in 位于
8.be composed of 由……组成
1.look up 抬头看;查阅
2.vary from...to... 从……变化到……
3.be unique to 是……独有的
4.in detail 详细地
5.to name just a few 仅举几例
6.prior to 先于……
7.as a whole 作为一个整体
8.on the whole 总的来说;大体上
1.(3分)泰山位于山东省中部,是中国黄河流域古代文化的发祥地之一。(过去分词短语作状语)
Located in the middle of Shandong Province,Mount Tai is one of the birthplaces of the ancient culture along the Yellow River basin in China.
2.(3分)仅举几例,那里有许多古建筑群和历史遗址,它们为研究中国古代史提供了大量重要的物证。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
To name just a few,there are a lot of ancient architecture complexes and historic sites,which provide plenty of important material evidences to make research on ancient Chinese history.
3.(3分)总的来说,泰山不仅是一座风景山,也是一座文化山。(not only...but also...结构)
On the whole,Mount Tai is not only a mountain of scenery,but also a mountain of culture.
4.(3分)中国传统元素深深植根于深厚的中国传统文化,是中国所特有的元素。(现在分词短语作状语)
Having been deeply rooted in the profound traditional culture of China,traditional Chinese elements are unique to China.
　　(15分)假设你是李华,你的朋友Selena发邮件说想要来中国旅游,请你给她推荐一次泰山行,内容包括:
1.泰山简介;
2.推荐泰山的原因;
3.盼望她的到来。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇:Mount Tai泰山
Dear Selena,
Yours,
Li Hua
　　One possible version:
Dear Selena,
Hearing that you will come to China for a travel,I am quite excited.Taking the weather condition into account,I strongly advise you to climb Mount Tai.
Located in the middle of Shandong Province,Mount Tai is one of the birthplaces of the ancient culture along the Yellow River basin in China.Mount Tai is unique to us and regarded as the head of the Five Great Mountains.And it is well-known for its precipitous peaks and magnificent scenery.Numerous outstanding works about Mount Tai were created by a lot of cultural celebrities in ancient China.To name just a few,there are a lot of ancient architecture complexes and historic sites,which provide plenty of important material evidences to make research on ancient Chinese history.On the whole,Mount Tai is not only a mountain of scenery,but also a mountain of culture.
I am sure that you will be amazed at the splendid scenerythe moment you arrive there.
Yours,
Li Hua
点津:为现在分词短语作状语;
为过去分词短语作状语;
为which引导的非限制性定语从句;
为“not only...but also...”结构;
为the moment引导的时间状语从句。选择性必修　第四册
Unit 1　Looking forwards
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
I major in Mechanical Engineering and Political Science.When someone hears what I study,I’m usually met with two reactions.First is a small smile with the word “overachiever” on the tip of their tongue.The second is a look of confusion,followed by an exaggerated (夸张的) “Why ”.The short answer:I want to be a problem solver,and engineering teaches me how to become that type of person.In addition,I also want to be able to look at the bigger picture.
It’s the beginning of a new year,and a lot of first-years have plans for double or triple majors.However,as most of us quickly realise after that first fall semester,college is a lot! We are unavoidably forced to make choices—do we keep trying to make our double or triple majors work or do we completely switch gears The thing I wished someone told me on day one is if you’re passionate about something,it’s not going to feel like work.Political Science can be challenging,but to me,it’s fun to read laws and see the impact each word has on our interpretation.
This may sound hard to accept,but if you are double or triple majoring because you think you’re in a race with your peers,you’re only running yourself into the ground.Don’t double or triple major if you are doing it for a mark on your resume,because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years.What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it be in your study,career,or something else your career and study will enable you to do.
Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedule a double or triple major entails.Because at the end of the day,it’s going to be you doing the homework—so try to enjoy what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了大学生不要盲目地为了竞争而选择多个专业,而是要出于热爱去进行选择。
(　　)1.How do people tend to feel about the author’s majors
A.Impressed or puzzled.
B.Ashamed or challenged.
C.Satisfied or confused.
D.Amazed or concerned.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三、第四句可知,当人们听到作者的专业时,有些人会感到佩服,有些人会感到困惑。故选A。
(　　)2.What enables the author to enjoy learning Political Science
A.The value of studying the laws.
B.The influence of learning engineering.
C.His career planning for the future.
D.His enthusiasm for the major.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句和第三段的最后一句可知,是热爱使得作者喜欢学习政治学。故选D。
(　　)3.According to the author,what causes multiple majors’ hard situation in college
A.Adjusting the schedule for majors constantly.
B.Pursuing multiple majors out of competitive motivation.
C.Making random choices without sufficient consideration.
D.Estimating the difficulty of multiple majoring inaccurately.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,在作者看来,选择多个专业让大学生们处在糟糕的状况的原因是,他们只是为了跟同龄人竞争才选择多个专业的。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A.To promote the concept of multiple majoring.
B.To explain the reasons for choosing a double major.
C.To stress the significance of passion in multiple majoring.
D.To compare the gains and losses of multiple majoring.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What is going to...that you have”并结合全文可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是建议大学生要出于热爱去选择专业,强调热爱在多专业中的重要性。故选C。
B
A normal way to launch a career was what I call the straight-line approach:Finish an undergraduate programme,enter a master’s programme or a Ph.D programme right away,then move into the workforce.Nothing is wrong with that approach.My own career journey,
however,has never followed a straight-line approach.I have transferred institutions during my undergraduate experience,worked full-time during college,taught in a public school before graduate school and switched disciplines (学科) from maths education to instructional design along the way.
In addition to personal choices and challenges,external factors like different needs and values can influence how we progress in our career goals.I once carried guilt about not progressing in my career the same way that my friends and colleagues were.I think of a friend who started in the same Ph.D programme at the same time as I did who has blossomed (崭露头角) in her career,while I have often felt as if I were moving in place.What has helped me break free from my guilt has been to stop comparing myself to others and realise that my career journey is a story,and it’s my story.
If we imagine standing on the shore at one point along a pond,and we see a person we want to talk with directly across from us,we have a few choices.Yes,the fastest way to the other side is going across the pond — through the water to the other side.Some will choose that way and have the skills,abilities,privileges and so forth to do well.Others choose not to go that way,while still others cannot choose that option.Many of us will pick a side of the pond to walk around.Some will walk off into the woods and take a longer route to get there.Others may only be able to use paved paths to the destination.
The same can be true about our career paths.I encourage us to recognise that moving ahead is not always a straight-line action,and that progress is still progress,even if we take a longer path to make it.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章就实现职业目标的路不止一条进行了论述。
(　　)5.What did the author once do on her career journey
A.She gave up her major in maths education.
B.She received training before graduate school.
C.She failed to complete the degree requirements.
D.She studied how the straight-line approach worked.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者曾放弃了数学教育专业,转而学习教学设计。故选A。
(　　)6.What does the author want to tell us by talking about a particular friend
A.Don’t judge others by their success.
B.Don’t be guilty about your failure.
C.Don’t compare yourself to others.
D.Don’t mind others’ opinions.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知,作者之所以提到那位朋友,是想告诉读者不要拿自己和别人作比较。故选C。
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “privileges” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Goals. B.Options.
C.Challenges. D.Advantages.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句和下文内容可知,画线词应是和skills,abilities一样都是做好某件事所需要具备的,advantages(优势)符合语境。故选D。
(　　)8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Career Planning
B.More than One Way to Meet Career Goals
C.Normal Ways to Launch a Career
D.Future Career Prospects
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据全文内容,尤其是最后一段可知,本文主要论述了实现职业目标的路不止一条。因此B项最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Last year,I started the journey of being a remote product designer.The thought of a
　1　 schedule,a comfortable home office,and the escape from the crowded public transport was incredibly 　2　 .The first few weeks were filled with a long-lost feeling of 　3　.
However,the 　4　 of working from home gradually set in.I had started my day with the best intentions,promising myself quick breaks and regular 　5　.But deadlines,endless emails,and virtual meetings 　6　 me to my computer throughout the day,leaving me little time to 　7　.Gone were the short walks to a colleague’s desk and the quick lunchtime walks around the office complex.Finally,my world was 　8　 to the walls of my home,my steps
　9　 in mere metres rather than kilometres.
One day,I tried 　10　 one of my favourite dresses and it wasn’t passing through my waist at all.Glancing at myself in the mirror,I saw a 　11　person carrying extra weight,
rather than someone enjoying freedom.The 　12　 of work and personal life had left me feeling like I was a never ending motion machine.
This incident marked the 　13　 of a journey of self-discovery.I made up my mind that I needed a(n) 　14　 not just for my waistline but for my overall well-being.It was a promise to prioritise my physical and mental health,and a commitment that I could 　15　 control over my life and my body.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者从事远程工作后所遇到的问题以及作者下定决心要做出改变的事情。
(　　)1.A.tight B.regular
C.full D.flexible
【答案】 D
【解析】 作者从事远程产品设计师的工作,所以工作时间应该是比较灵活的(flexible)。故选D。
(　　)2.A.appealing B.amusing
C.challenging D.disturbing
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据生活常识可知,舒适的家庭办公室,以及远离拥挤的公共交通,这些都是非常吸引人的(appealing)。故选A。
(　　)3.A.direction B.security
C.freedom D.responsibility
【答案】 C
【解析】 作者作为远程产品设计师,工作时间很灵活,还有舒适的家庭办公室,因此最初的几个星期充满了久违的自由(freedom)感。故选C。
(　　)4.A.duties B.rewards
C.problems D.expectations
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据转折连词However,再结合下文的“deadlines,endless emails,and virtual meetings”可知,作者在家里工作的问题(problems)出现了。故选C。
(　　)5.A.visits B.emails
C.updates D.stretches
【答案】 D
【解析】 作者答应自己快速休息一下,并定期做伸展运动(stretches)。故选D。
(　　)6.A.tied B.inspired
C.guided D.introduced
【答案】 A
【解析】 截止日期、没完没了的邮件和虚拟会议让作者一直待在电脑跟前,也就是被束缚(tied)在电脑前。故选A。
(　　)7.A.reply B.relax
C.react D.read
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据语境再结合生活常识可知,截止日期、没完没了的邮件和虚拟会议让作者一直在电脑前忙着,应是没时间去放松(relax)自己。故选B。
(　　)8.A.extended B.limited
C.related D.exposed
【答案】 B
【解析】 作者的世界被限制(limited)在家里的墙壁之内。故选B。
(　　)9.A.counted B.repeated
C.watched D.followed
【答案】 A
【解析】 作者只能在家里有限的空间内活动,所以作者的步数是以米来计算(counted)的。故选A。
(　　)10.A.tidying up B.putting aside
C.fitting into D.getting back
【答案】 C
【解析】 有一天,作者要试穿裙子,此处fit into 意为“进入……中”。故选C。
(　　)11.A.lazy B.tired
C.rude D.mad
【答案】 B
【解析】 作者看着镜子里的自己,是一个疲惫的(tired)人。故选B。
(　　)12.A.mix B.success
C.balance D.value
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文内容可知,作者在家里工作,因此工作和个人生活是混在一起(mix)的。故选A。
(　　)13.A.distance B.memory
C.beginning D.training
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“I made up my mind that”可知,作者下定决心要做出改变,因此这件事应是标志着作者自我发现之旅的开始(beginning)。故选C。
(　　)14.A.promise B.excuse
C.answer D.change
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文可知,作者下定决心要做出改变(change)。故选D。
(　　)15.A.maintain B.ease
C.remove D.regain
【答案】 D
【解析】 作者决定优先考虑自己的身心健康,并重新获得(regain)对自己的生活和身体的控制。故选D。Unit 2　Lessons in life
以读促写(限时40分钟　总分56.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
I once complained to my friend Mike,“I often cycle for two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.” He replied,“You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.
My attitude to the hill has now changed.I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following.This hill will exercise my heart and lungs.It will help me to lose weight and get fit.This hill is my friend.Finally I comfort myself with the thought that all those people who pay money to go to a gym sit on stationary exercise bicycles while I can get the same value for free.I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and overcome.We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree.Her activism and writing proved inspirational.She wrote,“Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet.Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened,vision cleared,ambition inspired,and success achieved.”
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity.From time to time we all face hardships,problems,accidents and difficulties.Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own.While we cannot choose adversity,we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident.He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the best pilots.He said,“Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that.That’s nonsense.Make up your mind,you’ll never use crutches or a stick,then have a go at everything.Go to school,join in all the games you can.Go anywhere you want to.But never,never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”
The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced.The common thread is that they did not become depressed.They chose their attitude.They chose to be positive.They took up the challenge.They won.Nevertheless,there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了决定成败的主要因素之一是我们对待逆境的态度。
(　　)1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage
A.One who wants to achieve success can’t expect to live an easy life.
B.Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.
C.Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people’s health.
D.People’s attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,一个想要成功的人不能期望过轻松的生活,A项符合题意。故选A。
(　　)2.What does the author intend to tell us by quoting what Douglas Bader said
A.Failure is the mother of success.
B.A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
C.If you risk nothing,you will have nothing.
D.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段所引用的Douglas Bader 的话“Don’t listen to anyone...or impossible.”可知,Douglas Bader阐明了自己的观点,即不要听信任何人对你说你做不了这做不好那的话,下定决心,去任何你想去的地方,绝对不要让他们说服你事情太困难或者不可能做到,这与D项意思吻合。故选D。
(　　)3.What will the author further talk about in the following paragraph
A.How his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced.
B.Why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble.
C.What steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face.
D.What great people have in common.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,作者接下来会谈论“如何改变你对待逆境的态度”。故选C。
(　　)4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A.Different Attitudes Towards Misfortune
B.Face Difficulties with a Smile
C.Nothing Is Impossible
D.Life Is Full of Adversity
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。本文介绍了名人对待逆境的态度,围绕“面对逆境,我们应持乐观的态度”这一话题展开论述,因此B项最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
B
In 1995,a young computer student at Stanford University listed about 10 ideas for the subject of his dissertation (学位论文).He ultimately chose the option concerning charting the hyperlinks between sites,which later permanently changed the way we navigate (浏览) the Internet and earned him a good fame.
Research shows people rarely assess the value of their own ideas accurately.This means that we often fail to see the potential in our best ideas,leading us to jettison them and waste time on less promising ventures.Fortunately,these studies also suggest some clever ways to avoid making this mistake.
One insightful study comes from Professor Justin at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.In his experiments,he asked participants to invent new products or services.The participants first brainstormed a list of ideas,which they ranked in order of preference,after which they were given more time to develop their concepts.A team of independent judges then rated the quality of the final designs.
Professor Justin found that in general,the participants preferred the concepts that were the most concrete and initially appeared to be the easiest to apply.This meant that they often overlooked slightly more abstract ideas that were not immediately practical.With development,
however,the potential uses of the abstract ideas soon became apparent—leading them to be more popular with the independent judges.
As Professor Justin’s results show,we may be consistently missing out on our best ideas.One way to improve our judgement may be to encourage the right kind of reflective thinking.Professor Justin,for instance,found he could improve participants’ forecasts by asking them to justify why they had chosen their rankings.With extra thought,an abstract idea that initially appeared less promising will begin to gain substance and might soon start to seem more exciting.
We may never know what made the young computer student leave his other ideas,but the above technique can help us identify the projects with the greatest potential.We can sift (挑选) the gold from the debris of our creativity and never risk wasting a valuable idea.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章以斯坦福大学一个年轻的计算机专业学生选择论文主题的成功经历为切入点,提出了一项研究成果,即人们评估自己想法的价值时会出现偏差,但“反思思维”可以改善此状况。
(　　)5.What does the underlined word “jettison” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Assess. B.Abandon.
C.Transform. D.Challenge.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。 根据第二段中的“rarely assess”“fail to see the potential”以及“waste time on less promising ventures”可知,人们很少能够准确地评估自己想法的价值,也看不到自己想法的潜力,从而放弃了这些好想法,并把时间浪费在不太有希望的风险项目上。由此可推知,jettison意为“放弃”。故选B。
(　　)6.What did Professor Justin’s experiments reveal about the participants
A.They often neglected less practical ideas initially.
B.They took the judges’ preferences into account.
C.They favoured abstract ideas over concrete ones.
D.They tended to choose ideas with great potential.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第四段前两句的描述可知,Professor Justin发现参与者更偏爱那些最具体、最初看起来最容易应用的概念,这意味着他们经常忽略一些抽象的、不能立即付诸实践的想法。选项中的neglected是原文中的overlooked的同义替换; 选项中的less practical是原文中的abstract 的同义替换。故选A。
(　　)7.Which of the following shows “reflective thinking”
A.Sticking to the initial rankings.
B.Appreciating the ideas of others.
C.Looking at the positive side of an option.
D.Exploring the motivations behind our choices.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。 根据题干中的“reflective thinking”可定位到第五段,由该段第二、三句的描述可知,研究过程中,Professor Justin鼓励参与者运用“反思思维”,具体做法就是让参与者解释自己的排序的原因,也就是说探索选择背后的动机正是一种“反思思维”。故选D。
(　　)8.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.How to Choose a Promising Paper Topic
B.Why We Are Poor Decision-makers
C.How to Identify Truly Great Ideas
D.Why Our Brain Favours the Concrete
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。 通读全文可知,本文首先用一个例子作为引入,接着引用实验研究来说明大多数人无法准确评估自己想法的价值,然后通过研究发现解释了其背后的原因并提出了提高对自己想法的判断力的方法。由此可知,C项最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Reactions to Disappointments
No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments.1.　　　 They tend to react to them in negative ways.They feel depressed or try to escape their troubles instead of using disappointments as a chance to grow.
One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.For example,Helen,a woman trying to win a promotion,works hard for over a year in her department,anticipating getting a good result.
2.　　　 Deeply depressed and in despair,Helen loses her love of her job.
3.　　　 Jamal fails to get into the college his brother is attending,the college that was the focus of all his dreams,and decides to escape his disappointment.He covers up his real feelings by giving up his schoolwork and getting completely busy with friends,parties,and “good times”.
The positive way to react to disappointments is to use them as a chance of growth.This isn’t easy,but it’s the only useful way to deal with an unavoidable part of life.4.　　　 If her boss doesn’t recognise her talent and hard work,perhaps she could move to another department.Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance so that she would be sure to get the next promotion.5.　　　 Going to another college may encourage him to be his own person,out of his brother’s shadow,and realise that being turned down by one college isn’t a final judgement on his abilities or potential.
Disappointments are unwelcome but a regular visitor to everyone’s life.Step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life.
A.Jamal should check out other schools.
B.Instead,Jamal doesn’t worry about college at all.
C.However,the boss names one of Helen’s co-workers to the spot.
D.Another negative reaction to disappointments is the desire to escape.
E.Strangely,though,most people seem unprepared for disappointments.
F.Helen could have handled her disappointment by looking at other choices.
G.All the other employees tell Helen she is the one who deserves the promotion.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章论述了在生活中,人们应该以积极的心态面对令人失望的人或事物,把其当作成长的机会,而不是选择沮丧和逃避。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处上一句以及下一句,再分析选项可知,E项与上文形成转折,同时引出下文,承上启下,符合语境。E项中的“though”表明上下文构成转折关系,E项中的“seem unprepared”与下文中的“in negative ways”相呼应。故选E。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 设空处上文说海伦想要获得晋升,她在她的部门努力工作了一年多,期望得到一个好结果,而后面又说海伦情绪低落,失去了对工作的热爱。分析选项可知,C项与上文形成转折,表明海伦并没有得到想要的结果,同时引出下文知道结果后海伦的表现,与下文构成因果关系,承上启下,符合语境。C项中的“However”表明上下文构成转折关系。故选C。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 设空处位于段首,推测其是本段主旨句。本段讲述了贾马尔因没有考上理想的大学选择了逃避的故事。分析选项可知,D项与本段主要内容一致,且与上一段主旨句“One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.”句式统一,适合作为本段主旨句。D项中的“Another negative reaction to disappointments”与上一段主旨句中的“One negative reaction to disappointments”相呼应;D项中的关键词“escape”与下文中的“escape”属于原词复现。故选D。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据下文中的“perhaps she could move to...how to improve her performance”可知,F项符合语境,下文是对F项提到的“其他选择”的具体介绍。“other choices”是关键词,与下文构成总分关系。故选F。
5.【答案】 A
【解析】 设空处后讲的是贾马尔的事,是给贾马尔提供的建议。分析选项可知,A项是一个建议,与下文介绍的建议的好处一致,符合语境。A项中的关键词“other schools”与下文中的“another college”相呼应。故选A。
1.comfort oneself with... 用……安慰自己
2.be determined to do... 决心做……
3.trials and suffering 考验和痛苦
4.make up one’s mind 下定决心
5.take steps to do sth 采取措施去做某事
6.permanently change the way 永久地改变方式
7.to avoid making this mistake 为了避免犯这个错误
8.one way to improve one’s judgement 一种提高某人的判断力的方式/方法
9.as a chance to grow 作为一个成长的机会
10.give up 放弃
11.the positive way to... 对……的积极方式
12.turn down 拒绝
1.make the most of 充分利用
2.keep in touch with 和……保持联系
3.to the full 充分地;彻底地
4.stick to 坚持
5.search for 寻找
6.burst out laughing 突然笑起来
7.get through (设法)做完;渡过难关
8.be reluctant to 不愿意……
1.(3分)这是我第一次完整地观看现场音乐表演,我想充分利用这个机会提高我的音乐技能。(It was the first time that)
It was the first time that I had watched a live music performance to the full and I wanted to make the most of the chance to improve my skills in music.
2.(3分)通常情况下,考验和痛苦会不期而至,让我们毫无准备。(现在分词作状语)
Normally,trials and suffering come unannounced,leaving us with no preparation.
3.(3分)想到失败并不可怕,我以此来安慰自己,重要的是在这一过程中学到了什么。(that引导的同位语从句)
I comforted myself with the thought that failure wasn’t terrible,and what mattered was what I learnt in the process.
　　(15分)学校英文报正在组织分享自己学习一项新技能的经历,请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容如下:
1.简要描述;
2.体验和感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Learning a New Skill
　　One possible version:
Learning a New Skill
When I was in my primary school,I had an opportunity to attend a music contest held in my school,which I regarded as an opportunity for me to grow.It was the first time that I had watched a live music performance to the full and I wanted to make the most of the chance to improve my skills in music.Deeply touched by the fantastic players,I asked my parents to allow me to take up a piano lesson for beginners.
In the beginning,it was quite difficult to read the notes on the stave.However,I comforted myself with courage.I spent most of my leisure hours practising the piano.I was reluctant to give up.I would feel satisfied if I could play a piece of music completely.
Even though I will not pursue it as my life career,I will still stick to learning to play the piano as my hobby.It is simply because music is the best medication for my soul.
点津:为when引导的时间状语从句,过去分词held作定语和which引导的非限制性定语
从句;
为固定句型结构“It was the first time that从句”;
为形容词短语作状语;
为if引导的条件状语从句。Unit 4　Everyday economics
题组训练(限时40分钟　总分35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
You’ve ordered a new pair of shoes online.They arrive.You rush to the front door and carry the box as you open it.You untie the laces,guide them towards your feet and they don’t fit.So,back in the box they go and an hour later you drop them at the local collections store.It’s disappointing.The shoes have never been worn and they’ll be making their way to a new home soon.Right Wrong.
What happens to our goods when we order online and then return them The reality is that many of them simply end up in landfill sites (垃圾填埋场地).Each year,about 5 billion pounds of waste is generated through returns in the world.In the US alone,customers return approximately 3.5 billion products,of which only 20% are actually faulty according to a company which specialises in tackling the returns.
It turns out that returns create a real headache for companies.Many companies simply don’t have the technology to handle these faults in returned goods,so it is often most profitable for them to sell them cheaply to discounters via a web of shipping,driving and flying them around the globe,or to simply truck them to the dump.
The company’s software helps retailers (零售商) and manufacturers resell unsold goods more easily.It offers a number of options for retailers,including a website to resell the goods,as well as helping with re-routing goods to donation or store shelves.The company estimates the work helps reduce landfill waste by 70%.
The senior director of the company says that while consumer habits might still be harmful,creating a profitable and environmentally friendly fashion model from start to finish is the way forward.“I don’t think people are going to stop buying stuff,but creating a business model where you’re making it easier for them to make sustainable choices is very important,” he said.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章讲述了每年都有大量网购退货造成的垃圾,由此带来的问题非常棘手,对此人们提出了许多建议和可行方案。
(　　)1.What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about
A.Waste disposal.
B.Goods delivery.
C.Clothing fashion.
D.Waste returns.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可推知,第二段的统计数字是关于退货产生的大量垃圾。故选D。
(　　)2.Why do returns become a real headache for companies
A.Because very little profit can be made.
B.Because related technology is not available.
C.Because goods are damaged on purpose.
D.Because no places can be found to bury them.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It turns out that returns...these faults in returned goods”可知,由于相关技术的缺乏,退货成为公司真正头疼的问题。故选B。
(　　)3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.A practical solution.
B.A marketing plan.
C.A difficult task.
D.A producing process.
【答案】 A
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知,本段主要讲述了一个实用的(解决退货的)办法。故选A。
(　　)4.What does the senior director want to convey according to the last paragraph
A.Returns are easy to deal with.
B.People should stop buying goods online.
C.It is vital to create a sustainable business model.
D.Consumer habits bring about harmful results.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“while consumer habits...is the way forward”和第二句中的“creating a business model...is very important”可知,这家公司的高级总监想要传达的是创建一个可持续的商业模式是至关重要的。故选C。
Ⅱ.读后续写(亲情、友情篇)(25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
9-year-old Igor lived in a huge forest in the north of Russia.His father was a woodcutter and his mother was a tailor.The boy liked playing with animals in the forest,and knew the names of different birds and their songs.One freezing winter,Igor was seriously ill and the doctor told his parents that only surprise could save him.Lying all day in bed,Igor only wanted his father to catch a bird and to play with it.But in winter there were no birds in the forest.
“You could make him a bird out of wood,” suggested the anxious mother.
The first finished bird was fat and too heavy to fly.He threw it into the fire,head in hands.
It was snowing heavily,and he really didn’t know where to find a bird.Then an idea occurred to him,“The bird needs two pieces of wood.” Eventually,he made it and showed it to his wife.“Beautiful!” she said,taking a needle and some thread (细线) and sewing the two ends together,like a real bird.She tied a long thread to the bird’s back.And it could be hung above Igor’s bed.Quietly,the woodcutter hung the bird above the boy’s bed.
At daybreak,his son was watching the bird carefully.There was a light in his eyes for the first time in many weeks.“Beautiful!” said Igor.“I’ve never seen it before in the forest.What’s its name ” “That’s a good question.I’ll find out and tell you.” The next morning,when the father entered Igor’s room,he found the boy sitting up in bed,trying to touch the bird.The last time Igor sat up in bed was many weeks before.“What’s it called ” the boy asked.“Oh,dear,
I’m still not sure.”
Late on that night,Igor’s father went into his son’s room quietly and made the thread a little shorter.Then the bird was hanging a little higher above Igor’s head.Three days later,he found Igor kneeling on the bed,trying to touch the bird.His hand was very near it.“Have you decided on the name ” “Not yet.My son,” his father replied.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Again,at night the father went into his son’s room.
Paragraph 2:
Several days later,Igor’s father was cutting wood when he heard a scream from the house.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who 9-year-old Igor;his father and mother;the doctor 痛苦 渴望 失望 惊喜
When One freezing winter
Where At their home
What Igor was seriously ill and lying all day in bed,but a bird out of wood made by his father created a miracle.
明确主题定冲突 Theme The miracle of love
Conflict & Clue Conflict:①Lying all day in bed,Igor only wanted his father to catch a bird and to play with it. ②But in winter there were no birds in the forest. Clue:①You could make him a bird out of wood... ②“I’ve never seen it before in the forest.What’s its name ”
预设问题定走向 Para.1 Again,at night the father went into his son’s room. Q1:What did the father do in his son’s room Q2:What happened to the son the next day Q3:Did the father know the name of the bird
Para.2 Several days later,Igor’s father was cutting wood when he heard a scream from the house. Q1:On hearing the scream,what did the father do next Q2:What did the father and the mother see in their son’s room Q3:What name did the father give the bird
　　One possible version:
Again,at night the father went into his son’s room.Seeing Igor was asleep,he put the bird a little higher and left.To his joy,Igor was able to stand on the bed and nearly touch the bird the second day.He wanted to make it go round in person.The woodcutter encouraged his son to go on trying,telling him it was not as high as he thought.However,Igor still wanted to know the name of the bird.The father said he was trying to figure out the kind of the bird.
Several days later,Igor’s father was cutting wood when he heard a scream from the house.He ran quickly to his son’s bedroom.He couldn’t believe what he saw.Igor was jumping up and down excitedly on his bed.It was above his head that the bird was going round very fast.He showed off his performance to his father.“Please tell me,what’s its name ” “It’s called the bird of surprise,” his father replied excitedly.And his mother,standing at the door,cried tears of joy to see her young son full of life once again.
点津:为现在分词短语作时间状语;
为现在分词短语作伴随状语;
为强调句式;
为现在分词短语作后置定语。Unit 6　Space and beyond
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分30分)
阅读理解(每题2.5分,共30分)
A
We have all experienced the force of gravity.It is what happens to you when you jump up into the air.Disappointingly,we tend to fall right back down to the ground.But what if we could switch gravity off What will happen if gravity vanishes
Buckey,an astronomer,says that our bodies are adapted to an Earth-like gravitational environment.If we spend time living where gravity is different,such as on board a space station,our bodies will change.
It is now an established fact that astronauts lose bone mass and muscle strength in space,and their sense of balance changes due to the absence of gravity.There are also other problems.For reasons not entirely clear,their red blood cell count falls.Wounds take longer to heal and the immune (免疫) system loses its strength.Even sleep is disturbed if gravity is weak or absent.
That is just what happens after a short visit to space.“What if you were to grow up without gravity ” Buckey asks.“What about the systems that depend on gravity like your muscles,or your balance system,or your heart and blood vessels ” There is good reason to believe the human body would develop differently.
Karen Masters has explored the immediate physical consequences of losing gravity.The first problem is that Earth is rotating at a high speed.Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans,rivers and lakes would be the first things to drift away into space.“A lack of gravity would eventually destroy our very planet,” writes Masters.“Earth itself would most likely break apart into pieces and float off into space.”
A similar fate would happen to the sun.Without the force of gravity to hold it together,the intense pressures at its core would cause it to burst open in an explosion.The same thing would happen to all the other stars in the universe.However,because they are so far away,it would be years before the light from their death reached you.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了引力消失会对人体、地球和太阳产生的影响。
(　　)1.What effects will the lack of gravity have on astronauts
A.Their sense of balance will lose.
B.Their red blood cell count will decrease.
C.Their wound will no longer heal.
D.Their immune system will not work.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For reasons not entirely clear,their red blood cell count falls.”可知,失重对航天员产生的影响是他们的红细胞数量会减少。故选B。
(　　)2.What will happen if gravity stops working according to Karen Masters
A.Human body on Earth will develop differently.
B.Earth will rotate at its highest speed.
C.Atmosphere and water on Earth will travel away into space.
D.Earth will break down into pieces and float off into space.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知,地球引力消失后,地球上的大气和水会进入太空。故选C。
(　　)3.What may happen to the sun after it loses its gravity
A.It will hold the universe together.
B.Its core will drift away into space.
C.The light from its death will reach Earth quickly.
D.The pressure of its core may lead to its burst.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句可推知,太阳如果失去引力会发生爆炸。故选D。
(　　)4.Where can we most probably read the passage
A.In a science magazine.
B.In a guidebook.
C.In a short story.
D.In an environment report.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文讲述了引力消失所带来的后果,属于科学范畴,因此最有可能是在科学杂志上读到这篇文章。故选A。
B
A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another.It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites.The moon is a natural satellite that moves around Earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.
Despite their widespread impact on daily life,artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated make-up.On the outside,they may look like a wheel,equipped with solar panels or sails.Inside,the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments,which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work.Among them,high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones.Besides,the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.
Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like puters function as the satellite’s brain,which receive information,interpret it,and send messages back to Earth.Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes.Sensors are other important parts that not only recognise light,heat,and gases,but also record changes in what is being observed.Radios on the satellite send information back to Earth.Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment,as well as the power to move the satellite forwards.
Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits.Earth’s gravity pulls everything towards the centre of the planet.To stay in Earth’s orbit,the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity.The satellite’s speed works against Earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or fall back to Earth.
Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits,based on the tasks they need to perform.Satellites closer to Earth are in low-earth orbit.The closer to Earth,the stronger the gravity is.Therefore,these satellites must travel at a very high speed to keep from falling back to Earth,while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星的组成、运行方式和速度等基本
情况。
(　　)5.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The appearance of artificial satellites.
B.The components of artificial satellites.
C.The basic function of artificial satellites.
D.The specific mission of artificial satellites.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,本段主要讲的是人造卫星的组成部分。故选B。
(　　)6.What is the role of computers in artificial satellites
A.Providing electrical power.
B.Processing information received.
C.Monitoring space environment.
D.Recording changes observed.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可推知,计算机在人造卫星中的作用是处理接收到的信息。故选B。
(　　)7.How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits
A.By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.
B.By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.
C.By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.
D.By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,人造卫星是通过在重力的作用下不断改变速度来保持在轨道上的。故选C。
(　　)8.Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly
A.They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.
B.They take advantage of rockets more effectively.
C.They are more affected by Earth’s gravity.
D.They are equipped with more advanced instruments.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知,远地轨道上的卫星运行速度较慢是因为它们在远地轨道上的引力较弱。故选A。
C
Why should mankind explore space Why should money,time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth These are questions that,
understandably,are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings.What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains or into all possible areas and environments
The wider the spread of a species is,the better its chance of survival will be.Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilisation has explored,because by doing so,any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for.Without knowledge,we may be completely destroyed by the dangers.With knowledge,we can lessen the effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found.Even if we have no immediate need of them,they will perhaps be useful later.Resources may be more than physical possessions.Knowledge and techniques have been acquired through exploration.The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length and quality of our lives.We have already benefited from some spin-offs of space exploration.The technical improvements in earthquake prediction,in satellites for weather forecasting and in communication systems have long been in effect.
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return,the exploration of space allows creative,brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us.While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works,it also holds dangers.The dangers exist,but knowledge can help human beings to survive.Without the ability to reach out across space,the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了人类探索太空的原因以及探索太空的好处。
(　　)9.What might be the key answer to the questions mentioned in Paragraph 1
A.Human nature.
B.Knowledge.
C.Civilisation.
D.Potential dangers.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,第一段提到的问题的关键答案可能就在于人类自己的基因构成,也就是人类的天性。故选A。
(　　)10.What does the underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Applications.
B.Shortcomings.
C.Advantages.
D.Derivatives.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句及第四段最后一句可知,我们已经从太空探索的一些衍生物中获益,在地震预测、天气预报卫星和通信系统方面的科技进步已经影响深远,因此画线词意为“衍生物”,与D项意思相近。故选D。
(　　)11.In which situation may this text be applied properly
A.A private conversation.
B.A class presentation.
C.A cartoon picture.
D.A fashion review.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据本文内容可知,第一段提出几个问题引起共鸣,后用“These are questions that,understandably,are very often asked.”收尾,接着下文继续展开陈述,告诉我们探索太空是对人类的未来负责,可以帮助我们寻找新能源,确保人类的生存。由此可推知,文章属于演讲类文章,结合选项可知,文章最适合用于课堂演讲。故选B。
(　　)12.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.How Knowledge Benefits Us
B.What Humans Spread for
C.Why to Explore Space
D.How Humans Save Ourselves
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。纵观全文,本文介绍了人类探索太空的原因以及好处。由此可知,C项最适合作文章标题。故选C。Unit 5　Into the unknown
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分37.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
Humans have sailed the oceans’ surfaces for millennia,but their depths remain effectively uncharted.Only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped at high resolution.Maps of most regions display only approximate depths and often miss entire underwater mountains or canyons (峡谷).
So a group of researchers has recruited some deep-diving experts:elephant seals and Weddell seals.Scientists have been placing trackers on these blubbery marine mammals around Antarctica for years,gathering data on ocean temperature and salinity.For a study,the researchers compared these dives’ location and depth data with some of the less detailed seafloor maps.They spotted places where the seals dove deeper than should have been possible according to the maps—meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate.
In eastern Antarctica’s Vincennes Bay,the diving seals helped the scientists find a large,hidden underwater canyon.An Australian research ship later measured the canyon’s exact depth using sonar,and the researchers have proposed naming their find the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon—honouring both the ship and the involved elephant seals,genus (动植物的属) Mirounga.
But seals can’t map the entire ocean floor.The trackers used in the study could pinpoint a seal’s geographical location only within about 1.5 miles.Plus,because the seals don’t always dive to the bottom of the ocean,they can reveal only where the bottom is deeper than in existing maps—not shallower.McMahon notes that scientists could improve on these data by using more precise BDS trackers and analysing the seals’ diving patterns to determine whether they have reached the seafloor or simply stopped descending.
The current seal-dive data can still be valuable for an important task,says an oceanographer.“The deep ocean around Antarctica is warmer than the frigid waters at the surface,and seafloor canyons can allow that warmer water to flow to the ice along the continent’s coast,” the oceanographer explains.“To predict how Antarctica’s ice will melt,
scientists will need to know where those canyons are and how deep they go.”
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家利用带有追踪器的海豹的潜水数据来进行海洋探测,进而了解海底山脉或峡谷的位置和深度。
(　　)1.What problem is mentioned at the beginning of the text
A.Lack of the map.
B.Not enough tools.
C.Ineffective charts.
D.Inaccurate measurement.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,大约四分之一的海底被绘制成高分辨率地图,大多数地区的地图只显示大概的深度,经常遗漏整个水下山脉或峡谷。由此可推知,本文一开始提到的问题是目前海底地图测量的不准确性。故选D。
(　　)2.How did the researchers conduct the study
A.By observing the seals.
B.By comparing different data.
C.By using advanced equipment.
D.By analysing the existing maps.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知,研究人员是通过比较不同的数据来进行研究的。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the underlined phrase “their find” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.The canyon. B.The ship.
C.The seals. D.The genus.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线部分的上文内容可推知,画线部分应是指代上文提到的海豹帮助科学家所发现的水下峡谷。故选A。
(　　)4.What can be inferred from the text
A.The present data is of little use.
B.The ocean’s surface around Antarctica is warmer.
C.Seal’s swimming pattern influences the data.
D.The seal can’t reach deep ocean because of the temperature.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知,由于海豹并不总是潜入海底,它们只能显示海底比现有地图上更深的地方,而不是更浅的地方,因此科学家需要使用BDS追踪器并分析海豹的潜水模式来改进这些数据,也就是说海豹的潜水模式会影响数据。故
选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
How to Find Your Way Without a Compass
We all know a compass points north,at least to magnetic north,which is close enough to true north to help you get where you want to go.1.　　　.
Know that the sun rises in the east.Figure out where the sun is rising and the opposite is west.If the sun is rising to your right then straight ahead is north.2.　　　.The same rules apply as the sun sets in the west.
Know that Polaris (北极星) is in the north.If it’s not cloudy,then you’ll find it at the tail end of Ursa Minor (小熊座).3.　　　,so you can wake up in the morning and remember the direction.
4.　　　.Then put a small stone at the end of its shadow.Wait 30—60 minutes and put another stone at the end of the shadow.Now draw a line through the two stones.You now have an east/west line.Look at which side the shadow is pointing over that line.It will be pointing in a northerly direction given the sun favours the south side of the sky.
Look for moss (苔藓) on certain trees.5.　　　.Look for a separate tree that is exposed to the sun.Moss likes shade,and the northern side of a tree is typically in shade most of the day.But if the tree is deep in a forest,it will be a far less reliable source to base direction on.
A.Know that cloudy weather may help
B.Use sticks to make an arrow on the ground
C.Stand a straight pole (over 1 metre tall) upright on level ground
D.This technique can work if you find the right target
E.You’ll find your way back when you arrive at that landmark
F.You should be able to make certain of south and west from there
G.But if you don’t have one,there are other ways to make sure you stay on course
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了在没有指南针的情况下,如何利用太阳、北极星、木棍、苔藓等大自然中的元素来辨别方向。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文介绍的是指南针的作用,下文介绍的是在没有指南针时如何辨别方向,G项可承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 空前句是说如果太阳从你的右侧方向升起,那么你的正前方就是北方。F项可承接上文,符合语境。故选F。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据段首句可知,本段介绍的是如何根据北极星来辨别方向。空前说可以根据小熊座找到北极星,而空后提到早上醒来时仍然能记得方向,也就是说明之前做过标记,B项符合语境。故选B。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 此空位于段首,是该段的主题句。本段后面的内容讲的是利用木棒成影法来辨别方向,即在平地上竖一根直棍(1米以上),在木棍影子的顶端放一块石头,木棍的影子会随着太阳的移动而移动。30—60分钟后,在木棍的影子顶端放另一块石头,然后在两个石头之间划一条直线,以此来辨别方向。C项符合语境。故选C。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据段首句可知,本段讲的是如何利用树上的苔藓来辨别方向。空处后两句讲了具体的做法,但随后又说,如果树在森林深处,就不适合作为判断依据了,因此空处应是说明这个方法只有找对了树才有效。D项符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Dunhuang,an oasis (绿洲) in the Taklimakan Desert,used to be a major stop along the Silk Road,but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.
Those interested 1.　　　 Dunhuang’s colourful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves,one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2.　　　　 (block) by a locked door,which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all
3.　　　 　 (size) — from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings,which,upon their discovery,drew much 4.　 　　　 (attend) to the area.
Also,there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5.　　　　 (catch) this incredible scene,you must rise early.It’s bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a 6.　　 　　 (true) picturesque scene,all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7.　　　　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking Crescent Spring (月牙泉).From this position,8.　　　　 (regard) as the best one,the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring.
No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9.　　　 　 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive,10.　　　　 (contain) many original artworks.Here,you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌这一旅游胜地的历史、文化和自然景观。
1.【答案】 in
【解析】 考查介词。be interested in...是固定搭配,意为“对……感兴趣”。故填in。
2.【答案】 is blocked
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,block是句子谓语动词,与主语The entrance之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;句子描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语是单数名词。故填is blocked。
3.【答案】 sizes
【解析】 考查名词复数。可数名词size意为“大小,尺寸”,前有限定词all修饰,应用复数形式。故填sizes。
4.【答案】 attention
【解析】 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语,应用名词形式;draw attention to...意为“引起对……的注意”。故填attention。
5.【答案】 To catch
【解析】 考查动词不定式。catch this incredible scene是rise early的目的,因此空处应用不定式作目的状语,设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填To catch。
6.【答案】 truly
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰形容词picturesque,应用副词truly作状语,意为“真正地”。故填truly。
7.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。Get off the camels和walk up a rather steep dune是顺承关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
8.【答案】 regarded
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作后置定语,regard应用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语position之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填regarded。
9.【答案】 where
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词the Dunhuang Museum作补充说明,空处在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10.【答案】 containing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作伴随状语,contain应用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语The museum之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填containing。

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