资源简介

Unit 6　Nurturing nature
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分37.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
A new form of real estate is popping up along the beaches of South Africa,which are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins.Their unique selling point:a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖).
Historically,the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪),but in the 19th century,
traders started selling guano as fertiliser,leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to predators (捕食者) and the burning sun.This has caused African penguin populations to decrease.That’s why conservationists have come to the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Project (APNP),which aims to employ artificial nests to provide penguin parents a safe and shaded place to raise their chicks.
While guano trade petered out by the late 1800s,recreating the layers that accumulated over thousands of years isn’t an option,because seabird populations have declined so much over time and it would take around 600 years to produce one usable guano layer.Hence,the project decided to build artificial nests.At first glance,they look fairly simple—a domed structure made from two molded shells of fabric coated in ceramic slurry (陶瓷浆料),with a small entrance measuring about 20 centimetres wide.
Getting the right temperature and dampness inside the nest was the toughest and most crucial part.The two-layer design and ventilation holes (通风孔) create an air conditioning effect,while the white paint reflects the sun,helping to maintain an interior temperature of less than 35 degrees Celsius.
The project started to use the nests in late 2018.“Within a matter of minutes,penguins were running into them,” says Graham,coordinator of APNP.“That tells you how desperate they are for any opportunity to find a safe place to nest.However,population recovery relies on more than merely giving African penguins a safe place to breed.It’s not simply a case of ‘we give them a nest,the species are saved’.There has to be more.”
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在南非海滩上为非洲企鹅建立的人工巢穴项目,旨在通过科普的方式阐述该项目的背景、人工巢穴的设计特点及其对保护企鹅的意义。
(　　)1.What do we know about artificial nests
A.They function better than natural nests.
B.They are designed and built scientifically.
C.They are unique attractions of South Africa.
D.They are equipped with mini air conditioners.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,这些人工巢穴是经过科学设计和建造的。故选B。
(　　)2.What is the goal of APNP
A.To raise money to preserve penguins.
B.To promote the sale of artificial nests.
C.To help penguins fight against diseases.
D.To provide habitable shelters for penguins.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,APNP的目标是为企鹅提供可居住的庇护所。故选D。
(　　)3.What does the underlined phrase “petered out” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Turned up. B.Dried out.
C.Faded away. D.Fell apart.
【答案】 C
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据第三段中的“recreating the layers that accumulated...produce one usable guano layer”可知,重新创造历史上积累了几千年的鸟粪层是不可能的,因为这需要大约600年的时间才能产生一层可用的鸟粪层。因此画线短语所在句应是说“尽管鸟粪贸易在19世纪后期逐渐消失”,peter out意为“逐渐减少/消失”。故选C。
(　　)4.Which of the following statements might Graham agree with
A.Penguins breed more chicks in safer places.
B.Various conservation efforts need to be combined.
C.Artificial nests have achieved the desired effect.
D.Artificial nests should be applied to other species.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Graham认为仅仅为非洲企鹅提供安全的繁殖地并不足以恢复其种群数量,还需要更多的保护措施。因此,Graham可能会同意的观点是:各种保护措施需要结合在一起。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2024-2025学年浙江强基联盟10月高三联考)
How to Keep a Pet Bird Quiet
Birds can be excellent companions,but they can also make a lot of noise.Sometimes that noise is unavoidable,but there are a few steps you can take to train your bird out of loud or continuous squawking (尖叫).
1.　　　 Most birds tend to make some noise,either by singing or squawking.Birds tend to be most vocal during waking hours in the morning and before going to sleep in the evening.
Some birds are more likely to make noise than others,but understand before bringing a bird home that some noise will be unavoidable.
Teach your bird to speak softly.Praise your bird when he whistles or whispers,instead of squawking or yelling.2.　　　 It’s often easier to teach them soft-spoken words compared to other types of sounds.Furthermore,it’s important to maintain a calm and gentle tone when interacting with your bird.3.　　　 Because this could strengthen the behaviour you are trying to discourage.
Avoid quick movements.It’s possible that you or someone in your household is moving too quickly around your bird,causing him to feel anxious or over-stimulated.4.　　　 If you have children living at home,teach them not to run through the room your bird is in.
Provide your bird with comfort and security.Birds in the wild participate in “flock calls” as a way of communicating with other birds and ensuring the safety of the flock.If your bird is likely to squawk when you leave the room,it could be his attempt at sending you a flock call.5.　　
A.Understand bird behaviour.
B.Train your bird to be quiet.
C.This may be especially useful for parrots.
D.Give him a treat for quietness to earn your love.
E.Try squawking back to let him know that you’re safe.
F.Do not raise your voice in response to your bird’s volume or tone.
G.Move slowly around your bird,and encourage others to do the same.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些训练鸟不要大声或持续地尖叫的方法。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 此段讨论了鸟类在早晨醒来和晚上睡前倾向于发出更多的声音。因此,A项符合题意,因为它强调了理解鸟类行为的重要性,这是保持宠物鸟安静的第一步。故选A。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 此段建议教你的鸟轻声说话,并在它轻声鸣叫或低语时表扬它。根据设空处前一句以及空后的“easier to teach them”可知,C项符合题意,指以上这种的训练可能特别适用于鹦鹉。故选C。
3.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据设空处前一句与设空处后一句可知,与你的鸟互动时保持平静和温和的语气很重要,否则可能会加强你试图抑制的行为(鸟的吵闹)。F项符合上下文语境。故选F。
4.【答案】 G
【解析】 此段建议避免快速移动,因为这可能会让你的鸟感到焦虑或受到过度刺激。G项符合语境,因为它强调了在鸟周围缓慢移动的重要性。故选G。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 本段首句提到给鸟提供舒适和安全的环境,这意味着需要采取一些措施来确保鸟感到安全和舒适。E项建议通过模仿鸟的叫声来回应,是一种提供安全感的方式。
故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
The Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo,once struggling to sustain its 1.　　　　 (survive),
has undergone a remarkable turnaround.It has become a popular destination 2.　　　　 visitors can glimpse diverse animals and appreciate the beauty and significance of life.
The man behind 3.　　 　　 U-turn is Shen Zhijun,an animal welfare advocate.In 2023,Shen took to the Internet 4.　　　　 (publicise) his decade-long reform efforts—a comprehensive campaign transforming the conventional zoo into a conservation-focused sanctuary (保护区).During his 30-minute speech 5.　　　　 (title) A Zoo’s Pursuit,Shen showcased the successful changes that he had performed.
After witnessing the helpless and hopeless expressions of the animals,Shen’s team set about making changes.6.　　　　 (initial),they removed animal shows,which traditionally serve as the financial backbone of zoos.Subsequently,they transformed the park’s landscape,
cleverly using the 7.　　 　　 (exist) mountainous terrain of Hongshan to reproduce the natural habitats of animals in the wild.Plus,they introduced “multi-level villas” where animals belonging to the same ecological zone but not occupying the base of the food chain can 8.　　　　 (house) together,based on their ecological and geographical distribution.
This zoo has emerged 9.　　　　 the most animal-friendly zoo in China.Striking a balance between respecting animals’ dignity and providing 10.　　　　 (visit) with enjoyable experiences is a challenging task,but Shen’s team has successfully achieved it.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了南京红山森林动物园在动物福利倡导者沈志军的推动下,实现从经营困难到转变为注重动物保护和生态环境建设的成功案例。
1.【答案】 survival
【解析】 考查名词。设空处前面有its,且作sustain的宾语,应用名词survival,意为“生存”。故填survival。
2.【答案】 where
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是destination,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
3.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。根据上下文可知,此处指代前文提到的“turnaround”,应用定冠词特指这次具体的转变。故填the。
4.【答案】 to publicise
【解析】 考查动词不定式。本句谓语动词为took,空处应为非谓语动词,结合句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to publicise。
5.【答案】 titled
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为showcased,空处应为非谓语动词,且speech与title(命名)之间构成被动关系,应用过去分词形式作定语,修饰speech。故填titled。
6.【答案】 Initially
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰整个句子,应用副词initially作状语,意为“最初”,空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Initially。
7.【答案】 existing
【解析】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词terrain,应用形容词existing作定语,意为“现存的”。故填existing。
8.【答案】 be housed
【解析】 考查动词的语态。在where引导的定语从句中,can 　　　　 (house)为谓语动词,animals与house(安置,容纳)之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态,情态动词can后应接动词原形。故填be housed。
9.【答案】 as
【解析】 考查介词。固定短语emerge as意为“成为”。故填as。
10.【答案】 visitors
【解析】 考查名词复数。结合句意可知,此处是指“游客”,应用其名词的复数形式。故填visitors。Unit 4　Meeting the muse
以读促写(限时40分钟　总分61.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
Over the past few months,I’ve been invited to speak with well-known writers,musicians and film producers regarding my recent book.Prior to these conversations,I was on the receiving (and admiring) end of their artistic work,but now they were curious about my own research as a scientist.The reverse led me to recognise the similarities between innovation in the art and science.
In science and art alike,creativity appears magically as an unpredictable fountain of inspiration from the subconscious (潜意识).Its unexpected content breaks routines within traditional thinking.It delivers something new that is distinct from common practices,often taking people out of their comfort zone because it is ahead of its time.As a result,many innovators are laughed at and denied the recognition they deserve when they need it the most.
There are many examples of such circumstances.In 1933 Fritz Zwicky inferred the existence of “dark matter”,but it took four decades for this concept to gain recognition within the astronomy community.Vincent van Gogh was considered a madman and a failure throughout his life.Today,his paintings are among the most expensive ever sold,though.
Typically,life offers two ways of acquiring objects.One is by collecting available items,and the other is by creating things that never existed before.Whereas most items on the shelves of supermarkets are mass-produced,products that are newly created by artists or scientists are originally unique.Just like aging wine,a product of creative work acquires quality over time.It is coloured by the response of the audience as well as by imitations.The initial circumstances are a reminder of an admirable baby.It is fascinating for a scientist or an artist to watch the interaction of their creation with the world,just as it is for parents to watch their children.
Creativity in art and science establishes a backdrop for human existence,as the content it invents gives pleasure and meaning to our lives.The human act of creation is an infinite-sum game,from which all of us benefit.And we can all participate in the creative process.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章探讨了艺术和科学中的创新性,指出其常常领先于时代,能随时间变迁而积累价值,并倡导大家参与创造性活动。
(　　)1.Which can best replace the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 1
A.Priority. B.Assumption.
C.Shift. D.Preference.
【答案】 C
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词上文中的“Prior to these conversations,I...research as a scientist.”可知,作者和这些艺术家之间的身份发生了转变,因此画线词意为“转变”,与shift意思相近。故选C。
(　　)2.What can best describe creativity in science and art
A.It tends to be forecastable.
B.It mirrors common beliefs.
C.It usually leads the times.
D.It enjoys instant acceptance.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Its unexpected content...of its time.”可知,科学和艺术的创新性常常超前于时代,并引领时代。故选C。
(　　)3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A.Creative works withstand the test of time.
B.Mass-produced items are preferable.
C.Old wine can’t be put into new bottles.
D.Inventiveness starts from childhood.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Just like aging wine,a product...by imitations.”可知,创造性的作品能够随时间提升其价值。由此可知,它们能经受住时间的考验。故选A。
(　　)4.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A.To clarify a concept.
B.To launch an appeal.
C.To offer an entertainment.
D.To advocate a lifestyle.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段整体内容可知,这一段旨在鼓励大家参与到创造性活动中,享受创新带来的乐趣和意义。因此,其目的是发起一项呼吁。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Art Appreciation
Art appreciation is an often overlooked skill.It’s more than simply looking at a piece of art and judging it based on what we see.It requires us to look deeper,beyond the surface into the artist’s intention.1.　　　 The following tips would help you achieve it.
The first step is to prepare yourself mentally.Before you begin viewing any artwork,take moments to clear your mind of what a piece you think should look like.2.　　 　 That’s because an artist can present a unique visual experience by combining line,shape,form,colour and space creatively.
Besides,examine the artwork closely.Take note of its elements mentioned above.Consider how these elements work together to convey meaning or emotion in the piece.Notice how the work makes you feel.3.　　 　 What can I see What is the artwork saying What feelings does it arouse in me
4.　　　 Information about the artist and when the artwork was created can help you uncover the deeper symbolism present in the work that may not be immediately evident.Art is often used as a tool for social change.To appreciate art,it’s important to understand the context where it was created.The context behind a piece can be found through research and analysis.
Last but not least,sharing opinions on art also helps.Try discussing your thoughts on artwork with friends or family who may have different opinions.Taking the diverse understanding into consideration,you can approach viewing art work from different viewpoints.As a result,you can gain a new appreciation every time you look at it.5.　　
A.Relevant research counts as well.
B.Engage all your senses and ask yourself questions.
C.The process can bring you a fun and educational trip.
D.Leave your feelings aside and check out the questions.
E.To sum up,communication can also do good to your art appreciation.
F.With the previous ideas,you can get well prepared for the appreciation.
G.This will help you open up to different perspectives when exploring the work.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何欣赏艺术作品。
1.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文内容可知,上文提到欣赏艺术作品要求我们透过表面深入观察艺术家的意图,空处应承接上文,说明上述做法所带来的好处。C项“这个过程会带给你一次有趣又有教育意义的旅程”符合语境。故选C。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据上文内容可知,空处应承接上文,说明花点时间理清你认为一件作品应该是什么样子的做法的原因。G项“这将帮助你在探索作品时从不同的角度出发”符合语境。故选G。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文的“What can...arouse in me ”可知,下文主要列举了一些需要思考的问题。B项“调动你所有的感官,问自己问题”符合语境。故选B。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文内容可知,本段主要说明了研究艺术作品背后的创作背景。A项“相关研究也很重要”符合语境。故选A。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据上文内容可知,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文,说明交流对于欣赏艺术作品的好处。E项“综上所述,交流对你的艺术作品欣赏也有好处”符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
As a distinctive visual art symbol of China,Chinese paper cutting has been around for centuries.With 1.　　　　 (simple) a piece of paper and a pair of scissors,diverse patterns ranging from portraits to animals 2.　　　　 (create) with delicate designs.
Due to their 3.　　　　 (culture) value and low cost,Chinese paper cut-outs are popular ornaments used to decorate windows and mirrors.When light shines through the negative spaces of the cut-outs,4.　　　　 elegant pattern is formed indoors.5.　　　　 (refer) to as “window flowers”,the pretty cut-outs decorating windows are significant in traditional Chinese culture.
The oldest 6.　　　　 (survive) paper cut-out is a symmetrical (对称的) circle from the 6th century found in Xinjiang,China.The art of Chinese paper cutting is believed 7.　　　　 (originate) in China even before the invention of paper by Cai Lun in 105 CE.There have been documentaries 8.　　　　 record the Chinese using other thin materials such as leaves,silk,
and leather to carve patterns.It was found that during the Western Zhou Dynasty,people had already cut tree leaves into various art forms 9.　　 　　 given them out as presents.They created paper-cuts to depict beautiful things,and express good 10.　　　　 (wish).
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了剪纸的历史以及发展演变。
1.【答案】 simply
【解析】 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语,应用副词simply,表示“只要,仅仅”。故填simply。
2.【答案】 are created
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。主语是复数名词patterns,与谓语构成被动关系,且陈述事实用一般现在时,故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are created。
3.【答案】 cultural
【解析】 考查形容词。修饰名词value应用形容词。故填cultural。
4.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。此处pattern为泛指,且elegant是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
5.【答案】 Referred
【解析】 考查过去分词。短语be referred to as表示“被称为”,此处应用过去分词作状语,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Referred。
6.【答案】 surviving
【解析】 考查形容词。修饰名词词组paper cut-out应用形容词surviving,表示“现存的”。故填surviving。
7.【答案】 to have originated
【解析】 考查动词不定式。be believed to do sth是固定短语,且此处表示动作先于believe发生,应用to have done形式。故填to have originated。
8.【答案】 which/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词documentaries,指物,关系词在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
9.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。结合语境可知,空处前后为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。
10.【答案】 wishes
【解析】 考查名词的数。此处wish表示复数概念,应用复数形式。故填wishes。
1.be curious about 对……好奇
2.be distinct from 与……不同
3.gain recognition 获得认可
4.a reminder of ……的提醒
5.paper cutting 剪纸
6.range from...to... 范围从……到……
7.cultural value 文化价值
1.on display 陈列;展示
2.pass down 传递;传下去
3.go deeper into 深入了解;深入研究
4.bring out 取出;带出;使显现
5.come to life 变得生动;活跃起来;苏醒
6.light up 点亮,照亮;变得明亮
7.contrast with 与……形成对比
8.(be) tired from 因……而疲劳,因……而感到疲倦
1.(3分)此外,一些机器人可以与参观者互动,参观者不仅有机会体验5G网络的惊人速度,还可以更深入地了解人工智能设备。(定语从句;not only...but also...)
Besides,some robots can interact with the visitors who will not only have a chance to experience the amazing speed of 5G networks but also go deeper into the AI equipment.
2.(3分)鲜红色的剪纸展品与雪白的墙壁形成鲜明的对比,使剪纸展品更加迷人。(非限制性定语从句)
The bright red paper-cutting exhibits made a distinct contrast with the snow-white walls,which made paper-cutting exhibits more fascinating.
3.(3分)当我们欣赏这些来自全国各地的原创展品时,我们一致认为剪纸艺术是一种文化价值的提醒,必须代代相传。(as引导的时间状语从句)
As we enjoyed these original exhibits from different regions nationwide,we agreed that paper-cutting art is a reminder of cultural value and must be passed down from generation to generation.
　　(15分)假设你是李华,上周你和你的外籍朋友Allen一起去了市博物馆参观中国剪纸艺术展。请你据此向学校英语报投稿,介绍本次的参观情况,内容包括:
1.展览的时间和地点;
2.展览情况;
3.看展收获。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　One possible version:
Last week,I led my friend Allen who was curious about Chinese paper cutting to the Chinese Paper-cutting Show held in the city museum.
On arriving at the museum,we caught sight of crowds of visitors appreciating attractive paper-cutting exhibits.The bright red paper-cutting exhibits made a distinct contrast with the snow-white wallswhich made paper-cutting exhibits more fascinating.As we enjoyed these original exhibits from different regions nationwide,we agreed that paper-cutting art is a reminder of cultural value and must be passed down from generation to generation.
Although tired from the long visit,we gained a deeper understanding of Chinese paper-cutting.
点津:运用了who引导的定语从句;
运用了“On+doing”结构,表示“一……就……”;
运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句;
运用了as引导的时间状语从句;
运用了that引导的宾语从句;
运用了although引导的让步状语从句。Unit 5　Revealing nature
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night.This solves the problem of how to portion out (分配) energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing,yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
　　While the sun shines,plants perform photosynthesis (光合作用).In this process,the plants change sunlight,water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar,called starch (淀粉).At night,the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
　　“The calculations are precise so that plants not only prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food,” said study co-author Alison Smith.“If the starch store is used too fast,plants will starve and stop growing during the night.If the store is used too slowly,some of it will be wasted.”
　　The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis (拟南芥),which is regarded as a model plant for experiments.To give the plants some math tests,the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
　　During one of the exams,they shut off the lights early on plants that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights.Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day meant they didn’t have time to store as much starch as usual.And this forced the plants to adjust their normal night rhythm.
　　Amazingly,even after this day length trick,the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.They had neither starved,nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
　　The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird,the little stint (滨鹬),can make a five-thousand-kilometre journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more,on average.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了植物体内有类似生物计算器的控制系统来控制能量消耗。
(　　)1.According to the passage,plants　　　.
A.use little energy during the day
B.usually stop growing at night
C.waste a lot of energy at night
D.store starch during the day
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While the sun shines,plants...called starch (淀粉).”可知,在白天阳光照射时,植物进行光合作用储存淀粉。故选D。
(　　)2.What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis
A.They changed the plants’ light conditions.
B.They provided the plants with more starch.
C.They tried to keep the plants’ natural rhythm.
D.They attached a biological calculator to the plants.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,在研究拟南芥时,科学家们让夜晚出乎意料地提早或晚到,即他们改变了植物的光照条件。故选A。
(　　)3.When morning arrived,the experimental plants　　　.
A.nearly died of lack of food
B.used most of their stored energy
C.began to regulate their food store
D.stored enough starch for the next day
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,在晚上,植物消耗这些储存的淀粉,以促进其继续生长。再根据倒数第二段内容可知,实验植物只剩下5%的淀粉,说明它们使用了大部分储存的能量。故选B。
(　　)4.The passage mainly tells us　　　.
A.plants feel hungrier day by day
B.plants are good at storing energy
C.plants do math to survive the night
D.plants use starch to fuel their growth
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容以及下文对控制能量消耗的植物控制系统的介绍可知,植物通过生物过程将储存的能量除以夜晚的长度,以此来控制能量消耗并促进生长。故选C。
B
Every August the clustered carline thistle (蓟) is one of the plants that flower in most of Spain’s dry Mediterranean habitats,making it a dominant plant for the local bees and other pollinators.But how can the thistle survive,much less flower,when its neighbours are reduced to twigs and dust
Spanish National Research Council evolutionary ecologist Herrera had an amazing discovery when one day he peered into a thistle blossom to see how much nectar was inside and lightly touched the flower.He discovered that even after hours in direct sun,the flower heads were routinely five degrees cooler than their surroundings during the heat of the day,with the difference approaching 10 degrees for some flowers on the hottest days.
Sanna Sevanto,a physicist and plant physiologist,says that Herrera’s finding is exciting and could confirm a risky plant survival strategy that has,until now,only been theorised.
Sevanto and other scientists have documented that to perform photosynthesis (光合作用),leaves need access to carbon dioxide,which enters through tiny pores (细孔) called stomata on the leaf’s surface.When stomata open to let carbon dioxide in,some water escapes; this causes evaporative cooling that lowers the leaf’s temperature slightly.
But for the Spanish thistle,evaporative cooling could be the goal rather than just a side effect of photosynthesis.Herrera suggests the plant could essentially be sweating: sacrificing precious water,so scarce in Spain’s dry summers,to prevent its delicate reproductive organs from overheating.He adds that some flower species have stomata on their petals,which Sevanto says would be an easy route for releasing water.Opening stomata in a drought is a big gamble,though,and he notes that,so far,“we have not observed a plant that would do it to cool themselves.”
As heat waves become more frequent and intense with climate change,it’s increasingly important to study unusual adaptations that help plants survive heat stress.But ultimately,
“whether these plants will have water enough to keep the system working,” Herrera says,
“that’s another story.”
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在西班牙大部分干燥的地中海栖息地,聚集的蓟是开花的植物之一,使其成为当地蜜蜂和其他传粉者的优势植物。研究发现,蓟在炎热的天气会打开气孔是为了冷却关键器官,从而使其在高温胁迫下生存。
(　　)5.What was Herrera’s discovery about carline thistle in during the hottest days
A.It was the only plant that blossomed.
B.It was the only plant that survived.
C.It had little nectar in the flower.
D.It had lower temperature in the flower head.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,Herrera在最炎热的天气发现了蓟的花冠温度较低。故选D。
(　　)6.Why does carline thistle open stomata in hot weather
A.To cool the key organs.
B.To take in carbon dioxide.
C.To accelerate photosynthesis.
D.To reduce water content in leaves.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句及倒数第二段整体内容可知,蓟在炎热的天气会打开气孔是为了冷却关键器官。故选A。
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “gamble” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A.Advantage. B.Risk.
C.Shift. D.Evolution.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词的下文及最后一段Herrera说的话可知,在干旱中打开气孔是一场大赌博,即是具有风险的,因此画线词和risk“风险”意思相近。故选B。
(　　)8.What is Herrera’s attitude towards the plants’ way to adapt to heat stress
A.Suspicious. B.Positive.
C.Objective. D.Unconcerned.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。最后一段中提到随着气候变化,研究帮助植物在高温胁迫下生存的异常适应变得越来越重要,但是Herrera认为,这些植物是否有足够的水来维持系统工作就是另一个故事了。由此可推知,Herrera对植物适应高温胁迫的方式持客观态度。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
I recall as a young child bringing a bunch of brilliant flowers to my mother.She was amazed at its shape but her passion eventually　1　.Both my parents hated the 　2　 of these flowers in the lawn.
There were an ocean of them! We spent hours picking them.But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never 　3　.My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,but that didn’t 　4　 these hardy wonders.
And for those flowers that escaped the honour of being　5　 to my mother or the destiny to be killed by the lawnmower,there was another 　6　 of existence.The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were 　7　.
As I worked in my garden last week,I again　8　 at the flowers.And I hope I had the
　9　 of a dandelion.If only I could stretch my roots so deep that nothing could 　10　 me completely from the source that feeds me life.If only I could face the world with a sunshiny face after someone has run me over with a 　11　.If only I could spread love as freely as this flower spreads seeds of itself.
The lawns are now beautiful green　12　.The only patches (块) of colour come from well-placed and well-controlled flowerbeds.Chemicals have managed to kill what human
　13　 couldn’t.I hope you and I can be 　14　.I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough so that the strongest poison can’t reach our 　15　.I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger,fear,hate,and competitiveness.
[语篇导读] 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆童年时期对蒲公英的喜爱与父母对它的厌恶,引申出对生命力顽强、坚韧不拔精神的赞美,表达了作者希望像蒲公英一样拥有深深扎根、无畏困难、传播爱与阳光的生活态度。
(　　)1.A.changed B.faded
C.remained D.uplifted
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文的“Both my parents hated...in the lawn.”可知,此处表示母亲对于花的热情消退(faded)了。故选B。
(　　)2.A.presence B.absence
C.survival D.removal
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文的“My father would...once a week”可知,父亲每周都会割掉蒲公英,所以此处表示父母讨厌草坪上有(presence)这些花。故选A。
(　　)3.A.pulled up B.settled down
C.got across D.ran out
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文的“We spent hours picking them.But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never”以及下文的“My father would cut off...these hardy wonders.”可知,此处表示蒲公英永远也无法被除尽(ran out)。故选D。
(　　)4.A.distract B.destroy
C.trouble D.restore
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文的“The emergence of a new...all were　7　.”可知,割草机并不能消灭(destroy)所有的蒲公英。故选B。
(　　)5.A.hand-washed B.hand-written
C.hand-delivered D.hand-crafted
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文的“I recall as a young...to my mother.”可知,此处指作者亲手送给(hand-delivered)母亲的花。故选C。
(　　)6.A.dimension B.addition
C.anticipation D.exception
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文以及语境可知,除了被摘掉送给作者的母亲和被作者的父亲用割草机割掉外,蒲公英还有另一种存在层面(dimension)。故选A。
(　　)7.A.amazing B.thriving
C.brilliant D.gone
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文的“My father would...once a week”以及常识可知,经过割草机的切割之后,作者和父母以为蒲公英都被处理完,不复存在了。故选D。
(　　)8.A.grabbed B.yelled
C.marveled D.laughed
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文可知,此处表示作者再次对花感到惊奇(marveled)。故选C。
(　　)9.A.productivity B.perseverance
C.inclusiveness D.effectiveness
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文的“If only I could...feeds me life.”以及语境可知,此处指作者希望拥有蒲公英般的毅力(perseverance)。故选B。
(　　)10.A.separate B.discourage
C.defend D.forbid
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文的“me completely from the source that feeds me life”以及语境可知,此处表示作者认为没有任何东西可以将自己隔绝于(separate)生命源泉。故选A。
(　　)11.A.truck B.block
C.lawnmower D.dandelion
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文的“My father would cut...once a week”可知,此处呼应前文的割草机,表示如果有人使用割草机(lawnmower)碾过之后。故选C。
(　　)12.A.boards B.routes
C.blankets D.signs
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文的“The lawns are now beautiful green”以及下文的“The only patches (块) of...flowerbeds.”可知,此处将草坪比作绿色的地毯(blankets)。故选C。
(　　)13.A.evolution B.interference
C.preservation D.enhancement
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的“Chemicals have managed to kill what human”可知,此处将人力干预(interference)与化学药品的作用进行对比。故选B。
(　　)14.A.forgiving B.conventional
C.emotional D.different
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文的“I hope that we can...competitiveness.”可知,此处表示作者希望人们都可以像蒲公英一样与众不同(different)。故选D。
(　　)15.A.souls B.deadlines
C.fields D.targets
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文的“I hope that we can stretch our...can’t reach our”以及语境可知,此处表示最烈的毒药也不会触及最深层的部分,即触及不到灵魂(souls)。故选A。Unit 2　Onwards and upwards
题组训练(限时35分钟　总分35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Every day we read about how we should find our purpose and pursue it throughout our lives in order to find meaning and contentment.There are even scientific studies that show people who view their work as a calling rather than just a career or a job have a higher life and work satisfaction.So,what exactly is this calling
I’ve personally struggled with this concept for many years.I knew that happiness not only came from a present state of joy,but also from the pursuit of an objective that gave me something to pursue.
And as I reflected on these feelings of emptiness and boredom that had arisen despite my successes,I realised something.Meaning and satisfaction come from a personal devotion to what we do and the intrinsic (固有的) fulfillment we get from it.It has nothing to do with financial gain,social advancement or any other type of external reward or motivation.It is about doing something that we love.It is about focusing our efforts and spending our time on passions that light the spark inside of us and allow us to share with the world the unique gifts we possess.
I had never before stopped to think about what I found intrinsically rewarding or fulfilling.Financial gain and external recognition were pretty much the only drivers I knew.More so,I thought this calling meant having one passion we were born with to pursue relentlessly (不懈地).
I spent some years trying to find this long-lost purpose of mine.I discovered passions I had no idea I even had during that time.Yet,I wasn’t sure how to make them into my life purpose.I searched for an answer but couldn’t find it.It wasn’t until I came to understand the truths about our purpose in life that I was able to find my place in this world.
Our purpose can consist of various things that make us feel alive.As we grow and evolve throughout the different stages in our lives,we may discover new passions and desires that change our sense of purpose and calling.
We all have a longing for lives that give meaning to our existence.The difference lies in how we go about accomplishing this.We must each find our own “shine” and then shine on.
[语篇导读]本文是议论文。文章主要探讨了人活着的意义,作者倡导坚持不懈地追求自己的使命。
(　　)1.According to the passage,the calling refers to 　　　.
A.one’s view about careers
B.a task one has to carry out
C.a life-long career one chooses
D.a strong desire or sense of duty to do a job
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段最后一句可知,这里的calling指的是强烈的工作欲望或责任感。故选D。
(　　)2.Which of the following belong(s) to the author’s previous drivers for finding fulfillment
A.Financial gain and external recognition.
B.Pursuing passions relentlessly.
C.Discovering new passions.
D.Finding purpose in life.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知,作者以前寻找满足感的驱动因素是经济收益和外部认可。故选A。
(　　)3.What is the real purpose in life according to the author
A.Trying to do everything that you can.
B.Trying to achieve your ambitious goals.
C.Doing meaningful things with your passion.
D.Doing something that can be successful easily.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It is about doing...the unique gifts we possess.”可知,在作者看来,生活的真正目的是用激情做有意义的事情。故选C。
(　　)4.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
A.It’s wise to give up discovering our one true passion.
B.It’s useless to pursue financial gain and external recognition.
C.It’s necessary to find our own calling and pursue it with vigor.
D.It’s important to share our passion with the world without stopping.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据全文尤其是最后一段的内容可知,从本文我们可以总结出,我们每个人都要找到自己的使命,并充满活力地追求它。故选C。
B
(2025·八省联考)
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order,
walking to driving,and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs,urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions,because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community,
especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow people to meet,talk,and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also,for Jacobs,key elements of this urban form.The commercial,business,and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side,to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings,and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally,urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live,work,and interact.Such high-density spaces are,she feels,engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be,because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”:Shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs在她的职业生涯中致力于推进独特的城市愿景,尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。
(　　)5.What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
A.Efficient public transport.
B.Strong interaction between people.
C.Uniform style of buildings.
D.A comparatively large population.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At the heart of her vision...and exciting urban environments.”可知,Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说,人与人之间有很强的互动是最重要的。故选B。
(　　)6.Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
A.Local residents.
B.Government officials.
C.City planners.
D.Construction workers.
【答案】 A　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A。
(　　)7.How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
A.Lined with plants.
B.Painted with clear signs.
C.Tightly connected.
D.Convenient for the old.
【答案】 C　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The streets in which people live...and neighbourhood better.”可知,Jacobs建议修建紧密相连的人行道。故选C。
(　　)8.According to Jacobs,the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of 　　　.
A.pride B.comfort
C.security D.urgency
【答案】 C　
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They are also safe places to be...over the neighbourhood.”可知,Jacobs认为,“eyes on the street”给人带来一种安全的感觉。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
More young people are trying their hand at farming the soil.Guo,29,works in a vegetable greenhouse on his organic farm 1.　　　　(locate) in the suburban district of Hefei,Anhui Province.It is the eighth time that Guo has failed to grow vegetables 2.　　 　　using chemicals.Despite trying various homemade pest solutions,such as plant ash and mixtures of pepper and alcohol,the vegetable 3.　　　　 (leaf) were still being eaten by insects.“I will not give up 4.　　　　(try),” Guo says.He is determined to turn his farm into 5.　　　　 organic one,cultivating fresh fruit and vegetables with the same flavours as those from his childhood memories.
“Growing tasty and healthy food 6.　　　　(be) my dream since I was a teenager.I know 7.　　　　 challenging it can be,but if you take the soil 8.　　　　(serious),I believe it will pay off,” Guo says.He adds that farming is not a business that can make quick money,but for him,it has become an uplifting activity that brings back memories of spending time on the farm with 9.　　　　 (he) parents as a child.Guo’s passion for organic farming and commitment to producing healthy food will surely inspire more young people to explore 10.　　　　 (sustain) agriculture.
[语篇导读] 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一个29岁的青年在安徽省合肥市郊外努力实现有机农业梦想的故事。
1.【答案】 located
【解析】 考查过去分词。句中已有谓语动词works,设空处应用非谓语动词,locate和farm之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填located。
2.【答案】 without
【解析】 考查介词。根据下文可知,此处表示“没有”,应用介词without。故填without。
3.【答案】 leaves
【解析】 考查名词复数。谓语were being eaten提示主语应用复数形式,leaf意为“叶子”,为可数名词,此处表示“蔬菜叶子”,应用复数形式。故填leaves。
4.【答案】 trying
【解析】 考查现在分词。give up doing sth意为“放弃做某事”,为固定搭配。故填trying。
5.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个有机农场”,应用不定冠词,且organic以元音音素开头。故填an。
6.【答案】 has been
【解析】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since I was a teenager可知,主句应用现在完成时,主语是动名词短语,表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been。
7.【答案】 how
【解析】 考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句,结合句意可知,此处应用连接副词how引导,修饰形容词challenging。故填how。
8.【答案】 seriously
【解析】 考查副词。设空处修饰动词take,应用副词seriously作状语,take sth seriously意为“认真对待某事(物)”。故填seriously。
9.【答案】 his
【解析】 考查代词。设空处修饰名词parents,应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。
10.【答案】 sustainable
【解析】 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词agriculture,应用形容词sustainable作定语。故填sustainable。选择性必修　第一册
Unit 1　Laugh out loud!
以读促写(限时40分钟　总分56.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
John is a barber,running a very successful business.He has a large group of regulars,some of whom enjoy a daily shave in his shop,while others just come for the occasional haircut.
They keep coming because John loves to laugh,and 30 minutes spent in his shop is a medicine that cheers everyone up.His loud,booming laugh is a trademark around his town.
But John wasn’t always a barrel of laughs.In his teens and early adulthood,he suffered from depression.He often had a long face and found it hard to even smile.It was his neighbour,
Mrs Lee,who was a psychologist,that helped him out.She showed him funny videos or read light-hearted books for him,guided him to focus on things he was grateful for,rather than on things that had been bothering him.Following her advice,he forced himself to laugh as wild as possible,even if it felt fake (假的).To his surprise,after a while,he turned his life around,and real laughter came back into his life again.
Researchers say that we’re all born with the ability to laugh and that finding more ways to bring laughter into our lives does not have to be complicated.In fact,the best advice they offer is “Fake it till you make it.” If you focus on finding ways to laugh and enjoy life and try to smile and laugh even when not feeling like it,you can genuinely change your mood and laugh happily.
John also says we shouldn’t hold back our urge to laugh,even at silly things.Next time you see a funny advertisement on television,making you laugh inside,focus on letting out that laughter.Laughter can be contagious,so you may help others around you,too.
[语篇导读] 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过介绍理发师John的大笑能振奋顾客的精神,论述了大笑不仅可以改变人们的情绪,而且也会感染别人。
(　　)1.Why do John’s regular customers keep coming to his shop
A.Because he is a successful barber.
B.Because they want to buy a medicine.
C.Because his laughing can lift their spirits.
D.Because he can offer them best shave and haircut.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句可知,在John的理发店待上30分钟,他的大笑能让每个人开心起来。由此可知,人们经常去John的理发店是因为他的笑能让人振奋精神。故选C。
(　　)2.Who helped John solve the problem of his teens and early adulthood
A.Himself.
B.Researchers.
C.His neighbour.
D.His customers.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was his neighbour,Mrs Lee,who...bothering him.”可知,他的邻居,心理学家Mrs Lee帮他走出困境,让他把注意力从困扰他的事情转移到他感激的事情上。由此可知,是他的邻居帮他解决了他青少年时期和成年早期的问题。
故选C。
(　　)3.What can be inferred from the researchers in the passage
A.It is difficult to find ways to laugh.
B.Laughter can be faked and finally become real.
C.The ability to laugh should be developed after birth.
D.We can watch funny videos or read light-hearted books.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“In fact,the best advice...and laugh happily.”可知,研究者建议假装大笑直到真正地笑是寻找欢笑和享受生活的方法,即使不想笑的时候也试着去微笑和大笑,最终能让你真正地开心大笑。由此可知,假装大笑最终能变成真的笑。故选B。
(　　)4.What does the underlined word “contagious” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Spread. B.Heard.
C.Free. D.Available.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线单词后的“so you may help others around you,too”可知,你的笑可以帮助到你周围的其他人,根据so可知,画线单词所在句子与此句为因果关系,结合第一段倒数第二句可知,因为John 爱笑,人们去John的理发店待30分钟能振奋他们的精神。由此可知,大笑是有传染性的,所以大笑能帮助到你周围的人,符合逻辑,故该单词的意思与“有传染性的”意义相近。故选A。
B
Jokes and humour are often thought of as unimportant.If the lawyer defending you in court couldn’t stop joking,you’d be understandably alarmed.
However,regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake.Humour,jokes and laughter,have a vital role to play in human behaviour and interaction.They are a powerful part of social bonding and are genuinely beneficial for health via their stress-relieving properties.
Why do we respond,in such powerful and rewarding ways,to things that objectively make little sense A substantial amount of data has been generated regarding how humour works in the brain and on the various types of recognisable jokes that trigger it.
Verbal puns,the most familiar type of joke,involve words that convey two meanings at once.For example,“Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers In case he got a hole in one.” Here “hole in one” has two possible interpretations.Their simplicity and familiarity mean most people recognise the humour in puns.So,the brain’s humour processes are still engaged.
But where does humour arise from in the brain Considerable research points towards a specific system in the brain for recognising humour.This system seemingly detects and resolves incongruity (不和谐).Our brains know how things,like languages and behaviours,
should work.But,in the real world,many things don’t match our expectations.It seems our brains have evolved a system to recognise when this happens.
If normality is subverted,it means we don’t know what’s going to happen,which creates cognitive (认知) tension.However,the system that recognises incongruity seemingly also resolves it,by providing an explanation,or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences.This removes the uncertainty,relieving the tension.So,we experience a rewarding feeling.If the incongruity is not resolved,however,humour is absent.If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers ” is “in case the metal owl that lives in his golf bag attacks him”,that’s not funny.There’s unresolved incongruity.
Humour is essentially our brain going,“This isn’t how things usually work,but I’m okay with it!”
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了人们在听到笑话,并理解其中的幽默感时,大脑的工作机制。
(　　)5.What does the author say about humour in the first two paragraphs
A.Its positive role is often underrated.
B.It mainly serves to entertain and amuse.
C.Its harmful effects shouldn’t be ignored.
D.It is essential for professional communication.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二段第一句可知,幽默给人们带来的积极作用和影响经常被低估。故选A。
(　　)6.Why does the author mention the “hole in one” example in Paragraph 4
A.To prove a theory.
B.To draw a conclusion.
C.To illustrate a concept.
D.To make a comparison.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段提到了pun (双关语),并结合“为什么高尔夫球手要穿两条裤子 ”的幽默回答对双关语进行了说明可知,此处是在对双关语的概念进行进一步的举例解释说明。故选C。
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “subverted” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A.Detected. B.Overturned.
C.Established. D.Repeated.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第五段最后两句以及画线词后面的“it means we don’t know...cognitive (认知) tension”可知,此处指的是正常的符合人们预期的表达被颠覆或者推翻会造成大脑的紧张感,故画线词的意思是“颠覆,推翻”。故选B。
(　　)8.What is the best title for the text
A.How Jokes Affect Brain Structures
B.Using Humour to Boost Brain Power
C.Jokes and the Brain’s Reward System
D.Unlocking Brain Secrets Behind Humour
【答案】 D
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第三段内容并结合全文内容可知,本文旨在介绍人们在听到笑话时,大脑如何进行信息加工和处理,以便人们能够领悟其中的幽默感。D项“解开幽默背后的大脑秘密”最适合作文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
What a Comedian Can Teach You
about Managing Stress
We often accept stress as part of the cost of modern life,but it really doesn’t have to be.We all know that laughter is the best medicine.1.　　　 People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger.Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress.
You can try to find a different perspective.2.　　　 Once a friend of mine fell asleep in the middle of a class.His teacher decided to make fun of him by inviting students to applaud,wondering whether my friend would applaud along when he woke up.He did and the whole class burst out laughing.After learning everything,he was both embarrassed and ashamed of course but after a while,my friend laughed.“If this had happened to someone else,it would have been amusing.So it’s no less funny,just because it happened to me.”
3.　　　 There’s no doubt that we all experience great stress now and then.We’ve all been personally affected,in some way.You might not have felt like laughing at the time.But now,looking back,you could consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane (神志正常的).
When you share stories with your friends,you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain,or you can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth.4.　　　 Take the exact same story and change the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”.Keep in mind that we’re all in this together,that we all share the same ridiculous experiences,and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us.5.　　　
A.Always share a good story.
B.Why not do what comedians do
C.You can also look again and laugh.
D.But laughter does more than cheer you up.
E.Then you are able to make a simple choice.
F.In this way,you will say goodbye to stress forever.
G.If you have trouble seeing the funny side,you may find the following inspiring.
[语篇导读] 本文是议论文。文章介绍了笑能帮助我们缓解压力,在生活中我们要笑对困境,看向事物积极的一面。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 空前提到,我们都知道笑是最好的药物,再根据空后的“People who can...and stronger.”可知,笑对不幸还能让人更快地恢复过来。空处应说明笑不只是让人心情好起来,它还有后文提到的减轻压力的作用。D项符合文意,故选D。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据空前的一句并结合空后作者讲了朋友的一个故事可知,只要找到了好笑的点,就可以把一件尴尬的事情变成一件好笑的事情。而读者也可以从这个故事里受到启发。从上下文可以得知,这个角度实际上指的是看到事情的有趣的地方,找到好笑的点。G项符合文意,故选G。
3.【答案】 C
【解析】 空处位于段首,由此判断该句应为该段的主题句,根据后文“There’s no doubt that...simply stay sane (神志正常的).”可知,每个人都会经历压力并受到影响,当时也许笑不出来,但是回头看看,想起做过的奇怪的事情,也许就会笑了。C项符合文意,故选C。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前的“When you share stories with...of hope and growth.”以及空后的一句可知,本段讲的是当你和朋友分享故事时的建议,空后是喜剧演员的处理方法。B项符合文意,故选B。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 空前建议人们要认识到每个人都会经历不好的事情,无论经历什么,我们都可以笑着面对。所以此空应该是这么做的好处。E项符合文意,故选E。
1.cheer sb up 使某人振作,使某人高兴
2.booming laugh 洪亮的笑声
3.cope with stress 应对压力
4.let out laughter 放声大笑
5.be beneficial for 对……有益
6.burst out laughing 突然大笑
7.lift one’s spirits 振奋某人的精神
1.entertain sb with sth 用某物使某人快乐
2.to conclude/in conclusion 总之
3.do the trick 达到目的,起作用
4.get amusement from 从……中获得乐趣
5.interaction with sb 与某人的互动
6.be in a bad mood 心情不好
1.(3分)它不仅能缓解我们的压力和紧张,让我们振作起来,还能放松我们的身体。(not only...but also...句式,not only放在句首)
Not only can it relieve our stress and tension,cheer us up,but also relax our body.
2.(3分)幽默能娱乐他人,这在与他人的互动中起着很大的作用。 (定语从句)
Humour can entertain others,which plays a big role in interaction with others.
3.(3分)总之,幽默在我们心情不好的时候振奋了我们的精神,发挥了作用。 (状语从句)
To conclude/In conclusion,humour lifts our spirits and does the trick when we are in a bad mood.
　　(15分)假设你是李华,你所在的学校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以“Why do we need humour ”为题写一份英语演讲稿。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Why do we need humour
　　One possible version:
Why do we need humour
Good morning,everyone!The topic of my speech today is “Why do we need humour ”.
Research shows that humour is beneficial for both body and mind. Not only can it relieve our stress and tension,cheer us up,but also relax our body.Humour can also entertain others, which plays a big role in interaction with others.
To conclude/In conclusion,humour lifts our spirits and does the trick when we are in a bad mood.It promotes creativity,helping us see things from a new angle.So it is no wonder that “Laughter is the best medicine.”
Thanks for your listening!
点津:运用了that引导的宾语从句;
运用了not only...but also...引导的并列句,且not only置于句首引起部分倒装;
运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句;
运用了when引导的时间状语从句。Unit 3　Faster,higher,stronger
题组训练(限时40分钟　总分35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共10分)
When it comes to lowering blood pressure,studies have typically shown that aerobic (有氧的) exercises are the best.A new research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.
Exercises that engage muscles without movement,such as wall squats and planks,may be best for lowering blood pressure,according to a large study published in a journal.
This type of training is known as isometric exercise.Isometric muscle action happens when muscles contract but do not visibly change length,and the joints involved don’t move,
facilitating stability of the body.Isometric exercises can be done with weights or without,just relying on the body’s own weight.
“These findings provide a comprehensive data-driven framework to support the development of new exercise guideline recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure,” said study co-author Dr.Jamie O’Driscoll in a news release.
The researchers looked into randomised controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions,lasting two or more weeks,on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023.From a review of 270 trials with 15,827 participants,the researchers found that among HIIT (high-intensity interval training),isometric exercise,aerobic exercise,dynamic resistance training and a combination of the latter two,isometric exercise led to the greatest reductions in blood pressure.
It’s also important to note that there are other lifestyle changes as well as exercise that can benefit your blood pressure.These include keeping to a healthy weight,eating a balanced diet,cutting down on salt,not drinking too much alcohol and ensuring that you continue to take any prescribed medication.
“More research is needed to determine exactly why isometric exercises might be better for lowering blood pressure than other types of training,”the authors said.
[语篇导读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项新的研究表明静力锻炼可能最适合降低血压。
(　　)1.What does the underlined part “isometric exercise” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Exercise that is done with extra weights.
B.Exercise that involves visible muscle contraction.
C.Exercise that focuses on stability of the body.
D.Exercise that engages muscles without movement.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据第二段整体内容可知,肌肉工作但整个身体不动的锻炼可能是降低血压的最佳方式,结合画线短语上文“This type of training”可知,这种类型的训练指的是上文中提到的“不动的肌肉锻炼”。由此可知,画线短语应与“不动的肌肉锻炼”意义相近。故选D。
(　　)2.How did the researchers carry out the study
A.By providing statistics.
B.By interviewing experts.
C.By doing experiments.
D.By making comparisons.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“From a review of 270 trials...greatest reductions
in blood pressure.”可知,此项研究是对以前的研究数据进行分析,通过比较得出的研究结论——静力锻炼能最大程度地降低血压。由此可知,该项研究是通过对比进行的。故选D。
(　　)3.What do the study authors suggest the future studies about isometric exercise focus on
A.Exploring the reasons for its effectiveness.
B.Demonstrating its influences on mental health.
C.Assessing its suitability for different populations.
D.Determining its long-term impacts on blood pressure.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知,接下来需要更多的研究确定为什么静力锻炼比其他运动更能降低血压。由此可知,该项研究的作者建议未来关于静力运动的研究重点是探究其有效性的原因。故选A。
(　　)4.What is the text mainly about
A.The benefits of aerobic exercises.
B.The best exercise for blood pressure.
C.The effects of various types of exercises.
D.The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle.
【答案】 B
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A new research suggests ...high blood pressure.”以及下文中介绍的该项研究的研究过程和分析可知,新的研究发现一种体育运动值得作为预防和治疗高血压的有效工具。由此可知,本文主要介绍的是一项对降低血压最好的运动。故选B。
Ⅱ.读后续写(趣事篇)(25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Joey,once again,had taken his entire lunch plate and mixed all the food together.He did something like this pretty much every day at camp.“It’s an experiment,” he told the other campers.“Like what we do in class.It’s fun.” Joey was crazy about experiments,which usually consisted of taking one or more things,and combining them somehow,just like mixing all his food together.Joey would usually take a bite as part of the experiment,and would try to get the other kids at the table to try it too.However,almost nobody ever would like to try.Joey’s experiments almost always tasted absolutely horrible.
Joey offered a bite of his unique lunch to the kids at his table.Eric,the only one who sometimes liked Joey’s experiments,decided to give it a try.But even he couldn’t eat more than a bite,which meant the table would lose their “wasted food challenge”—AGAIN.
As part of camp lunch,all the tables weighed their leftovers at the end of the meal.One by one,the tables would line up,empty their plates into a garbage can (垃圾桶),and then the garbage can would be weighed.Whichever table had the least amount of wasted food got to be first in line the next day at lunch.Whichever table had the most amount of wasted food had to stay and wash all the dishes.Each table had the same number of campers,to be fair.Each table was named after a different kind of tree.Joey’s table was the Scrub Pine table.Scrub Pine table had lost so many times that everyone laughed at them.
Everyone blamed Joey.He was always the one with the most leftovers.But Joey insisted it wasn’t his fault.He had a trick.Before each weighing,he always mashed up (捣烂) his mixture into the smallest ball possible.Almost everyone else’s plate was littered with uneaten food.
Joey just had a ball in the corner of the plate.
Scrub Pine table had already washed dishes four days in a row,and it looked like it was about to be five.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
So Eric decided to find a way to figure out whose fault it was.
Paragraph 2:
One by one,Scrub Pine table each weighed their plates.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who Joey,Eric,and other kids 调皮 诡计多端 自信 尴尬、羞愧 改过自新
When At the end of the meal
Where At camp
What Joey’s table had already washed dishes four days in a row and Eric decided to figure out whose fault it was.
明确主题定冲突 Theme The importance of honesty
Conflict & Clue Conflict:Whichever table had the most amount of wasted food had to stay and wash all the dishes.Joey’s table had already washed dishes four days in a row. Clue:Joey had a trick.Before each weighing,he always mashed up (捣烂) his mixture into the smallest ball possible.Almost everyone else’s plate was littered with uneaten food.Joey just had a ball in the corner of the plate.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 So Eric decided to find a way to figure out whose fault it was. Q1:What did Eric say and do Q2:How did the others react Q3:How did Joey feel
Para.2 One by one,Scrub Pine table each weighed their plates. Q1:What did Joey do during the course Q2:What was Joey’s reaction after his trick was revealed Q3:What did Joey decide to do and what was the final result
　　One possible version:
So Eric decided to find a way to figure out whose fault it was.He gathered the Scrub Pine table together and announced his plan:everyone would individually weigh their plates.The one who had the most amount of wasted food would wash all the dishes! The table erupted in surprise. Eager to finally know the truth,they readily nodded in agreement.Joey, taking a glimpse at the “tiny ball” in the corner of his plate,felt confident about his trick.The Scrub Pine table then lined up, Joey at the end of the line.
One by one,Scrub Pine table each weighed their plates.Joey’s heart began pounding as he watched each plate being carefully weighed.Finally,it was his turn.He stared hard at the scale,expecting to witness a miracle.The trick failed him.It was indeed his fault! Embarrassed and ashamed,Joey apologised to his table and began to wash the dishes.All the others came to help.Joey promised to change his ways.From that day on,he didn’t do the experiments any longer.Scrub Pine table would win the “wasted food challenge” at last!
点津:运用了who引导的定语从句,修饰The one;
运用了形容词短语作状语,体现人物的心情;
运用了现在分词短语作状语,表示伴随;
运用了独立主格,丰富了句子结构;
运用了时间状语从句,表示与主句动作同时发生,pounding为动作描写,表明了Joey的不安。

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