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Unit 6 Wisdom counts
Focusing on culture, Cross-curricular & Project
（沪教版2024）八年级
上
Learning objectives
0
Lead in
Pre-reading
2
While-reading
Post-reading
4
Cross-curricular connection
Project
6
Summary
1
3
5
7
Assessment
8
Homework
9
By the end of the lesson, I will be able to...
1
2
3
understand the wisdom in "Arrows Borrowed from an Enemy";
learn about evidence types for ancient history research;
learn to act out ancient wisdom story scenes in groups.
00
Learning objectives
https://www.21cnjy.com二一教育
Lead in
01
Watch and think.
Zhuge Liang was a great strategist known for his wisdom. Do you know any stories about him
Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage
Look and say.
Empty fort strategy
Look and say.
Arrows Borrowed from an Enemy
Look and say.
The Battle of Red Cliffs
Look and say.
Seven Captures of Meng Huo
Look and say.
The Battle of Red Cliffs
Look and say.
What common features do ancient stories have？
Think
Focusing on culture
Pre-reading
02
Look and predict.
Arrows borrowed from an enemy
This is a story about two wise men-Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. It is one of the most famous stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Zhou Yu was jealous（妒忌的）of Zhuge Liang and wanted him to fail. Therefore, he asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I'll bring you 100,000 arrows in three days.”
Zhou Yu couldn't believe his ears--it was an impossible task. “Zhuge Liang won't be able to do this!”, he thought.
Zhuge Liang did nothing on the first two days. In the early morning of the third day, he asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with straw(稻草)men. The soldiers then sailed the boats towards the camps of Cao Cao’s army on the other side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.
When Cao Cao's soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack. However, they could not see through the thick fog on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the shouting. Zhuge Liang's boats were soon full of arrows. Zhuge Liang's soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than 100,000 of them.
Q: What do you know about the story
S
C
O
O
P
1. Setting
3. Oh no! (the problem)
5.Problem Solved
4.Order of Events
2. Characters
While-reading
03
Read and answer.
Q1: Who were the two wise - men in the story
They were ____________ and ________.
Q2: Why did Zhou Yu ask Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days
Because Zhou Yu was _______ of Zhuge Liang and wanted him to ________.
Arrows borrowed from an enemy
This is a story about two wise men-Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. It is one of the most famous stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Zhou Yu was jealous（妒忌的）of Zhuge Liang and wanted him to fail. Therefore, he asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I'll bring you 100,000 arrows in three days.”
Zhou Yu couldn't believe his ears--it was an impossible task. “Zhuge Liang won't be able to do this!”, he thought.
Zhuge Liang did nothing on the first two days. In the early morning of the third day, he asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with straw(稻草)men. The soldiers then sailed the boats towards the camps of Cao Cao’s army on the other side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.
When Cao Cao's soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack. However, they could not see through the thick fog on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the shouting. Zhuge Liang's boats were soon full of arrows. Zhuge Liang's soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than 100,000 of them.
Zhuge Liang
Zhou Yu
jealous
fail
Arrows borrowed from an enemy
This is a story about two wise men-Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. It is one of the most famous stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Zhou Yu was jealous（妒忌的）of Zhuge Liang and wanted him to fail. Therefore, he asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I'll bring you 100,000 arrows in three days.”
Zhou Yu couldn't believe his ears--it was an impossible task. “Zhuge Liang won't be able to do this!”, he thought.
Zhuge Liang did nothing on the first two days. In the early morning of the third day, he asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with straw(稻草)men. The soldiers then sailed the boats towards the camps of Cao Cao’s army on the other side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.
When Cao Cao's soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack. However, they could not see through the thick fog on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the shouting. Zhuge Liang's boats were soon full of arrows. Zhuge Liang's soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than 100,000 of them.
While-reading
03
Read and answer.
Q3: What did Zhuge Liang do on the first two days
He did nothing on the first two days.
4: What were the 20 large boats filled with
The 20 large boats were filled with straw men.
While-reading
03
Read and answer.
5: How did Zhuge Liang get the arrows
He ________________________.
sailed the boats with straw- men towards Cao Cao's army camps in the fog
Cao Cao's soldiers shot arrows at the sounds of drums and shouting
the boats were soon full of arrows.
Find and match.
Find out which army did the following things.
Zhuge Liang’s army
Cao Cao’s army
While-reading
03
sailed the boats towards Cao Cao’s camp
thought they were under attack
shouted and beat their drums loudly
could not see through the thick fog
shot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the shouting
got a lot of arrows from the straw men
Post-reading
04
Read and take notes.
Arrows borrowed from an enemy
This is a story about two wise men-Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. It is one of the most famous stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Zhou Yu was jealous（妒忌的）of Zhuge Liang and wanted him to fail. Therefore, he asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows with in ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I'll bring you 100,000 arrows in three days.”
Zhou Yu couldn't believe his ears--it was an impossible task. “Zhuge Liang won't be able to do this!”, he thought.
Zhuge Liang did nothing on the first two days. In the early morning of the third day, he asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with straw(稻草)men. The soldiers then sailed the boats towards the camps of Cao Cao’s army on the other side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.
When Cao Cao's soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack. However, they could not see through the thick fog on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the shouting. Zhuge Liang's boats were soon full of arrows. Zhuge Liang's soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than 100,000 of them.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms - 《三国演义》
be jealous of - 妒忌
with in ten days - 在十天内
impossible task - 不可能的任务
Post-reading
04
Read and take notes.
Arrows borrowed from an enemy
This is a story about two wise men-Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. It is one of the most famous stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Zhou Yu was jealous（妒忌的）of Zhuge Liang and wanted him to fail. Therefore, he asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows with in ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I'll bring you 100,000 arrows in three days.”
Zhou Yu couldn't believe his ears--it was an impossible task. “Zhuge Liang won't be able to do this!”, he thought.
Zhuge Liang did nothing on the first two days. In the early morning of the third day, he asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with straw(稻草)men. The soldiers then sailed the boats towards the camps of Cao Cao’s army on the other side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.
When Cao Cao's soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack. However, they could not see through the thick fog on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the shouting. Zhuge Liang's boats were soon full of arrows. Zhuge Liang's soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than 100,000 of them.
straw men - 稻草人
sail the boats - 驾船
Cao Cao’s army - 曹操的军队
under attack - 受到攻击
thick fog - 浓雾
order sb. to do sth. - 命令某人做某事
shoot arrows - 射箭
full of - 充满
turn around - 掉头
more than - 超过
Notes
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a classical novel written by Luo Guanzhong. The novel starts at the end of the Han dynasty, and it tells the story of the wars between the kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han and Sun Wu.
One of Cao Cao's soldiers told the story to his family.
2 Complete his story below with the information from the story on page 94.
In the early morning that day, most of us were sleeping in our camps. Suddenly we heard some loud noises from the river. We quickly got up and went to look....
It was a foggy day. We couldn’t see anything on the river. We could only hear many enemy soldiers beating drums and shouting on the river. We thought they were going to attack us. When the general saw this, he ordered us to shoot arrows towards the sounds. However, the sounds suddenly stopped. We were very surprised. Later we heard the enemy soldiers shout “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Then we knew that it was a trick.
Post-reading
04
Complete the story below.
3 Find the words in the story and match them with their meanings.
(1)enemy (title)
(2)fail (line 3)
⑶ therefore (line 3)
⑷ attack (line 15)
(5) fog (line 15)
a thick clouds at ground level
b for that reason
c a person or army someone is fighting against
d to not succeed in achieving something
e an act of trying to hurt or kill somebody
Find and match.
Post-reading
04
...
...
Over to you
4 Discuss the questions below.
Do you know any other stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms Select one and retell it to your classmates.
(2) Which character from Romance of the Three Kingdoms do you like best Why
Discuss the questions below.
Post-reading
04
故事名称：
Empty-City Stratagem
空城计
Three Visits to the Cottage
三顾茅庐
Oath of the Peach Garden 桃园结义
Battle of Guandu 官渡之战
人物名称：
Zhuge Liang 诸葛亮
Liu Bei 刘备
Guan Yu 关羽
Zhang Fei 张飞
Cao Cao 曹操
Zhou Yu 周瑜
描述性词汇：
wise 有智慧的
brave 勇敢的
loyal 忠诚的
strategic 有谋略的
ambitious 有野心的
kind-hearted 心地善良的
...
...
Your ideas
Post-reading
04
To learn more about famous stories from the ancient world, you can read stories from China's Four Great Classical Novels: Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, and The Dream of the Red Chamber.
Exploring more
Exploring history: piecing the puzzle together
Studying evidence from the past
When historians study ancient times, they work with archaeologists to uncover clues from the past. Archaeological evidence helps historians imagine what life was like in earlier eras. By comparing this evidence with old stories, they figure out which parts might be true. Tools, coins, clothes, and other artefacts found at ancient sites offer insights into how people lived back then.
Studying written sources
The biggest part of a historian’s work is studying documents from the past. Documents can tell us what people did, said and thought at the time. Examples include:
Official government documents
Personal documents, such as diaries, letters, notebooks and photos
Old documents do not always provide correct information, so historians need to compare different documents to find out what really happened.
Using new technology
Carbon-dating Carbon-dating is a way of confirming the age of things like paper, wood, etc. Historians can use it to check whether a document is real or not.
DNA evidence In 2012, historians and archaeologists worked together to find the grave of Richard III of England. They used DNA from the king’s relatives to confirm the discovery. DNA can help historians learn more about the family trees of historical figures.
Cross-curricular connection
05
Listen and answer.
How many different types of evidence are mentioned in this article
How do historians and archaeologists work together
Four.
They work together to uncover clues, combine evidence, and confirm discoveries.
Exploring history: piecing the puzzle together
Studying evidence from the past
When historians study ancient times, they work with archaeologists to uncover clues from the past. Archaeological evidence helps historians imagine what life was like in earlier eras. By comparing this evidence with old stories, they figure out which parts might be true. Tools, coins, clothes, and other artefacts found at ancient sites offer insights into how people lived back then.
Studying written sources
The biggest part of a historian’s work is studying documents from the past. Documents can tell us what people did, said and thought at the time. Examples include:
Official government documents
Personal documents, such as diaries, letters, notebooks and photos
Old documents do not always provide correct information, so historians need to compare different documents to find out what really happened.
Using new technology
Carbon-dating Carbon-dating is a way of confirming the age of things like paper, wood, etc. Historians can use it to check whether a document is real or not.
DNA evidence In 2012, historians and archaeologists worked together to find the grave of Richard III of England. They used DNA from the king’s relatives to confirm the discovery. DNA can help historians learn more about the family trees of historical figures.
Cross-curricular connection
05
Listen and answer.
Why do historians need to compare different documents
How does carbon-dating help historians
To find out the truth as old documents may be incorrect.
It helps confirm the age of items and check document authenticity.
Which way of studying history do you think is the most important Why
What other methods do historians use to learn about the past
Do you think historians do important work Why or why not
What qualities should a good historian have
Cross-curricular connection
05
Discuss and share.
Step 1
In groups, brainstorm different ancient stories and choose one. Do some research and then make an outline of the story together.
Project
06
Acting out a famous ancient story
Title
When / where
Characters
What happened Beginning
Middle
End
Arrows Borrowed from an Enemy
During the Three Kingdoms period, near Cao Cao's army camp by the river
Zhuge Liang, Zhou Yu, Cao Cao, Cao Cao's soldiers, Zhuge Liang's soldiers
Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows in ten days; Zhuge Liang promised to do it in three days.
Zhuge Liang’s soldiers sailed boats with straw men towards Cao Cao's camp in the fog; Cao Cao's soldiers shot arrows at the sounds of drums and shouting.
Zhuge Liang's boats were full of arrows, and he gave over 100,000 arrows to Zhou Yu.
Step 2
Write a brief introduction to the story together.
Step 3
Choose one scene. Then write a script.
Project
06
Acting out a famous ancient story
Tip
When writing a script, remember to include stage directions, physical actions and dialogue.
You may add details to characters’ words, actions and feelings by using descriptive words and figurative language.
Project：_______________________ (name of the story) Group members: ______________________________________________________________________ Tasks Student(s) in charge Due time
1. Searching for background information
2. Completing the outline of the story
3. Writing a brief introduction to the story
4. Writing a script for the chosen scene
5. Sharing the story with the class
6. Acting out the play Characters:
Step 4 Share your story with the class. Briefly introduce the story and then act out the scene you picked.
Project
06
Acting out a famous ancient story
Show time
Talk clearly (内容清晰)
Pronunciation(发音标准)
Body language(使用肢体语言)
Fluently(流利的)
Reasonable(理由合理)
Grade and share:
一、根据首字母完成单词
1.Zhuge Liang is a famous s______________ in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
2.We should be brave when facing the e______________.
4.The thick f______________ made it hard to see far.
5.A______________ evidence helps us know about ancient life.
6.C______________-dating is used to check the age of old things.
7. The story of "Arrows borrowed from an enemy" shows Zhuge Liang's great w_________.
8. Historians often study old d______________ to learn about the past.
Summary
07
The words we have learned
trategist
nemy
og
rchaeological
arbon
isdom
ocuments
二、用合适的短语填空，每空一词。
We need to ______________ the clues to solve the mystery.
Can you ____________ the scene from the story
He __________ a lot of books ________ the library yesterday.
It's not easy to ______ ______ the truth of the ancient story.
The old man is known ______ his __________ .
The phrases we have learned
Summary
07
piece together
act out
borrowed from
figure out
for
wisdom
borrow...from ; figure out ; act out ; for; wisdom ; piece together;
The sentences we have learned
三、将下列句子翻译成英语。
诸葛亮是《三国演义》中一位有智慧的军事家。
_______________________________________________________________历史学家通过不同的证据来研究古代历史。
_______________________________________________________________我们可以通过表演来展示这个古老的故事。
_______________________________________________________________请把这些线索拼凑起来，找出真相。
_______________________________________________________________你能从这个故事中找出他成功的原因吗？_______________________________________________________________
Summary
07
Zhuge Liang is a wise strategist in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Historians study ancient history through different kinds of evidence.
We can show this ancient story by acting it out.
Please piece together these clues to find out the truth.
Can you figure out the reasons for his success from this story
The sentences we have learned
四、按要求改写句子。
1.Zhuge Liang made 100,000 arrows in three days. (改为被动语态)
100,000 arrows ____________ by Zhuge Liang in three days.
2.Historians study ancient times with the help of different sources. (改为一般疑问句)
______ historians ______ ancient times with the help of different sources
3."I will bring you 100,000 arrows within ten days," Zhuge Liang said. (改为间接引语)
Zhuge Liang said that ____________ bring ______ 100,000 arrows within ten days.
4. Archaeological evidence helps historians imagine what life was like in earlier eras. (对画线部分提问)
____________ archaeological evidence help historians ________
Summary
07
were made
Do study
he would you
What does imagine
Self-assessment Marks
I can understand the wisdom in "Arrows Borrowed from an Enemy". 1 2 3 4 5
I can learn about evidence types for ancient history research. 1 2 3 4 5
I can learn to act out ancient wisdom story scenes in groups. 1 2 3 4 5
Assessment
08
Basic (基础)
完成课本第 95 页 “词汇匹配题（3 题）” 和 “故事补全题（2 题）”。
Improving(提升)
用英语写一篇 100 词左右的短文，复述 “草船借箭” 故事，并分析诸葛亮成功的三个原因。
Extend (拓展)
小组合作，选择一种历史研究方法，查阅资料并制作英文海报，介绍其原理与应用案例，在班级展示。
Homework
09
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