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(共21张PPT)
Unit 4 Inventions
主题范畴：
人与社会
主题群：
科学与技术
子主题：
科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新
Key question
What makes an invention great
Do you know the Four New Inventions of China
What are they
High-Speed Rail
Alipay
E-commerce
Shared Bicycles
Wheel's Enduring Evolution
1.Origins of Human Travel
Early humans only walked
2.Horse Transportation Era
Horse - riding let people travel
farther
3.Wheel Invention Breakthrough
Wheel changed how
people move and trade
4.Stone Road Development
Wheel made people build
stone roads.
5.Roman Road Engineering
Romans made better roads.
6.Machine Age
Wheel helped make all
kinds of machines.
7.Digital Age Wheel
Wheels are still important
in modern devices.
8.Timeless Invention Impact（影响）
Wheel is one of the best human inventions.
Vocabulary practice
___ (1) attach (line 13)
___ (2) pull (line 13)
___ (3) path (line 17)
___ (4) depend on (line 24)
___ (5) doubt (line 26)
1 Find the words and the phrase in the article on pages 52-53 and match them with their meanings.
a a feeling of not being sure about something
b a way made by a lot of people walking on it
c to need something in order for something else to happen
d to join one thing to another
e to move something in a certain direction
d
e
b
c
a
2 Complete the conversation with the words and the phrase from Exercise 1. Change the form if necessary.
Interviewer: Hello Dr Li! You wrote a book about the history of the wheel. How did the wheel change people’s lives
Dr Li: Before the wheel, people (1)___________ animals to carry heavy things, or they carried things themselves.
Interviewer: Did people continue to use animals to move things after the invention of the wheel
depend on
Dr Li: Yes. That’s how horse-pulled vehicles came about. They put things in the vehicles, (2)___________ the horses and off they went! It was so much easier for a horse to (3)___________ something than carry it on its back.
Interviewer: How were the roads back then
Dr Li: Terrible! The roads were really just (4)___________ from people walking the same way for years.
Interviewer: Thank you for the information!
Dr Li: You’re welcome. There is no (5)___________ that the wheel is the greatest invention of all time!
attached
pull
paths
doubt
City commuting and long - distance road trips ______ the car, making daily travel more convenient.
______ the electric car, concerns about fuel costs and environmental protection have grown.
Traditional horse - drawn carriage industries ______ the car, as motor vehicles became more popular.
Advanced engine technology aims to ______ a car’s speed and fuel efficiency simultaneously.
Revolutionizing personal transportation and trade, the car is often called ______.
increase after the arrival of... changed with the invention of...
depend on one of the most important inventions of all time
3 Write about an invention with the word and expressions below.
The Invention of the Light Bulb
The light bulb is one of the most important inventions of all time. Long ago, people depended on candles or oil lamps to see at night. Their light was weak.
After the arrival of the light bulb, life changed a lot. It gave bright light. People could work, read, and have fun at night easily.
As time passed, the way we use light changed with the invention of LED lights. But the basic idea of the light bulb still helps us. It can increase our time for doing things after dark. We still depend on this great invention every day.
For example
The wonder of the wheel
When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot. Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all changed, however, a few hundred years later with the invention of the wheel.
Who first invented the wheel We will never know for sure, but the inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery. Later, they realized that they could also use them to transport people and things. They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. This invention increased national and international trade.
The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other, but it wasn’t perfect. The roads were old walking paths. These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather. As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the arrival of the wheel. The Romans then invented new road-building techniques. The new roads were very good, and we still use some of them today.
The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines. Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel. Even in our digitalized world, we still use wheels in devices such as 3D printers. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
离开家园
寻找新地方
重要变化发生
例如
开始骑马
大量货物
发明轮子
确切知道
制作陶器
把…… 附到…… 上
leave one's homes
in search of new places
important changes took place
for instance
started to ride horses
large amounts of goods
the invention of the wheel
know for sure
make pottery
attach...to...
马拉的车辆
国家和国际贸易
做生意的方式
雨后变得极难走
石子路
筑路技术
不仅…… 而且……
各类惊人的机器
依赖；依靠
毫无疑问
有史以来最重要的发明之一
horse - pulled vehicles
national and international trade
the way...did business
became extremely difficult to use in wet weather
roads made of stone
road - building techniques
not only...but also...
all types of amazing machines
depend on
without doubt
one of the most important inventions of all time
Language points
although conj. 虽然，尽管；引导让步状语从句。
词汇辨析：although和though意思相近，although较正式，多用于书面语；though可用于书面和口语，还可放句末，如It’s hard work. I enjoy it, though.（这是辛苦活，不过我喜欢。）；even though强调“即使，纵然”，让步语气更强。
1. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster ...
attach v. 把……固定；把……附（在……上）
常用搭配：
attach to依附于，使附着；attach importance to重视
完成句子：
①我们应该重视环境保护。
We should __________________ environmental protection.
②请把标签贴在你的行李上。
Please _______ the label ______ your luggage.
2. They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles.
attach importance to
attach
to
path n. 小路；小径；路线；路径
词汇辨析：path侧重自然形成或人工修建的窄小路；road指较宽、供车辆等通行的“公路、道路”；way是更宽泛的“路；方式；方法”，如the way to success成功之路。
例句：
We followed the path through the park and enjoyed the beautiful flowers along the way.
There is a busy road near my house, and many cars pass by every day.
Can you tell me the way to the nearest supermarket
3. The road were old walking paths.
doubt n. 疑惑；疑问；怀疑
也可作动词，doubt用于肯定句时，常接whether/if引导的从句，表对某事是否发生等存疑，如I doubt whether he will come. 我怀疑他是否会来。
常用搭配：
in doubt 有疑问
without doubt 毫无疑问
doubt about 对……怀疑
4. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
他对自己能否按时完成任务有疑问。
He is ________ about whether he can finish the task on time.
她毫无疑问是我们班最优秀的学生。
She is ____________ the best student in our class.
他不确定她是否会来参加派对。
He _______ whether she will come to the party.
in doubt
without doubt
doubts
完成句子
词汇辨析：
a number of“几个；若干”，侧重数量相对明确，修饰可数名词 ）。
the number of“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数，如The number of students in our class is fifty. 我们班学生数量是五十。
a lot of/lots of可修饰可数和不可数名词，更口语化，数量相对宽泛。
5. ... until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place.
for instance“例如；比如”，用于举例说明，和for example用法相近。
词汇辨析：
for instance较正式，可放在句首、句中、句末；
for example更常用、口语化，常放句首，后用逗号隔开，或插在句中，如Some fruits, for example, apples and bananas, are very popular.
such as后直接接列举的事物，不用逗号隔开，如Some fruits such as apples and bananas are very popular.
6. For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan ...
从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空。
a number of, depend on, take place,
for instance, without doubt
1. _____________ kids are playing happily in the small park now.
2. The big meeting will ______________ in the new hall tomorrow morning.
3. She is _____________ the most helpful girl in our class indeed.
4. We all ___________ fresh air to live a healthy life daily.
5. The big meeting will _____________ in the new hall tomorrow morning.
A number of
take place
without doubt
depend on
take place
When the first humans left their homes 100,000+ years ago for new living places and food, they traveled on foot. For 94,000 years, walking was the main way—until 6,000 years ago, when big changes happened. In Kazakhstan, people began 1. ________ (ride) horses. But moving large goods stayed hard—until the wheel came!
2._______ invented the wheel No one knows 3. ________ (know)for sure. At first, wheels made pottery. Then, they were used to move people and things. Wheels were attached to horse - pulled vehicles. Farmers could send goods to far markets, boosting trade—both 4. ________ (nationa) and international.
The wheel changed how villages, towns and countries did business. But early roads were just old paths. In wet weather, these paths became 5. ________ (extreme) hard to use. So, stone roads appeared after the wheel. Romans later created new road - building 6. ________ (technique). Some roads are still in use!
The wheel didn’t just change movement. It let us build amazing machines. Windmills, clocks and others use wheels. The Industrial Revolution 7. ________ (depend) on them. Even today, wheels are in devices like 3D printers. 8. ________ doubt, the wheel is one of history’s greatest inventions.
Practice
1. Finish the exercises.
2. Preview Listening on page 56.
3. Choose an invention in your daily life and introduce how this invention help you with your life.

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