资源简介

(共59张PPT)
Unit 4
Section 1 Reading
Inventions
沪教版2024英语（八年级上）
学习目标
I can
identify important inventions in history.
talk about some interesting inventions in our daily lives.
describe my ideas for a new invention.
understand the features of great inventions.
01
新
课
导
入
03
应
用
实
践
06
回
顾
总
结
07
随
堂
小
练
02
学
习
理
解
04
迁
移
创
新
05
考
点
速
递
学习内容
新课导入
1
What are the four great inventions in ancient China
papermaking
compass
gunpowder
movable type printing
Chinese ancient inventions.
Invention Papermaking.
made by Cai Lun
Chinese ancient inventions.
Invention Movable-type Printing
made by Bi Sheng
Chinese ancient inventions.
Invention Compass
made by
Chinese ancient inventions.
Invention Gunpower
made by alchemists
(accidental意外的)
What are the new four great inventions in China
High speed railway
Mobile payment
Bike sharing
Online shopping
What are the new four great inventions in China
What are some great inventions in history
How have different inventions changed the way we live
I think the bult is the most important invention. It changes the way we light up, allowing us to work and study even at night.
What are some great inventions in history
How have different inventions changed the way we live
I think the computer is the most important invention. It changes the way we process information, allowing us to calculate, store data and work efficiently.
What are some great inventions in history
How have different inventions changed the way we live
I think the smartphone is the most important invention. It changes the way we communicate and live, allowing us to chat, shop and access information anytime, anywhere.
What are some great inventions in history
How have different inventions changed the way we live
I think the Internet is the most important invention. It changes the way we connect with the world, allowing us to learn online, share ideas and do business globally.
What are some great inventions in history
How have different inventions changed the way we live
I think the clock is the most important invention. It changes the way we manage time, allowing us to plan our daily tasks and keep a regular schedule.
学习理解
02
How have different inventions changed the way we live
Think
Before you read
Complete the timeline of different forms of transport with the words and phrases on page 53. Discuss in pairs which invention is the most important and why.
car
hot-air balloon
plane
safety bicycle
wheel
steam locomotive
3500 BCE
1801
hot-air balloon
wheel
3
Read the article about the wheel and find out how this invention changed transport around the world.
When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot. Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all changed, however, a few hundred years later with the invention of the wheel.
Who first invented the wheel We will never know for sure, but the inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery . Later, they realized that they could also use them to transport people and things. They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. This invention increased national and international trade.
The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other, but it wasn’t perfect. The roads were old walking paths. These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather. As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the arrival of the wheel. The Romans then invented new road-building techniques. The new roads were very good, and we still use some of them today.
The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines. Windmills , clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the
wheel. Even in our digitalized world, we still use wheels in devices such as 3D printers. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
Annotating a text
Successful readers often take notes to remind themselves of important information in a text. Here are some tips for annotating a text:
Write key words next to each paragraph.
Mark different types of information. For example, circle transitional words and underline key information.
Can you try annotating the article above
Read the first paragraph, What is the main idea of this paragraph
A Early humans’ ways of movement.
B the usages of wheels
C the inventor of wheels
D some inventions related to wheels
Read for detail
By Yushen
Read paragraph 1 and fill in the timeline.
Over 100,000 years ago, humans migrated _______to find new homes
and better food sources.
2.This way of travel lasted for ____________, until around 6,000 years ago.
3.A change 6,000 years ago: People in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) began ___________, which made ______________and faster, but transporting heavy goods remained difficult.
on foot
94,000 years
riding horses
farther and faster
Early humans’ ways of movement and their limitations
Read paragraph 2 and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
We know exactly who invented the wheel. ( )
Inventors first used wheels to transport goods. ( )
Wheels on horse - pulled vehicles let farmers send goods far. ( )
The wheel didn't change trade. ( )
Inventors first used wheels for transport. ( )
F
F
T
F
F
The second paragraph tells us：
The invention of the wheel and its initial purposes
Key Information:
1. A few hundred years after horse-riding started, the wheel was invented;
no one knows for sure who the inventor was.
2. The wheel was probably first used to make pottery.
3. Later use: Wheels were attached to horse-pulled vehicles, helping
transport people and things over long distances.
What were the roads like before the invention of the wheel
Old walking paths
2.Why did the first stone roads appear
Because the old walking paths became extremely difficult to use in wet weather, and to meet the needs of transportation after the wheel was invented, the first stone roads appeared.”
Read paragraph 3 and answer the question.
The third paragraph tells us：
The Wheel’s Impact on Trade and Road Development
Match the headings to the paragraphs with the information from the article on pages 52–53.
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4

a Wheels are everywhere
b New roads and faster travel
c Travelling was hard work
d A world-changing invention
c
d
b
a
2 Read the article again and answer the questions below.
(1)How did people travel before the invention of the wheel
(2)What changes did the invention of the wheel bring about
People travelled on foot or by riding horses.
The invention of the wheel allowed farmers to transport their goods to markets far away, increased national and international trade and changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other. It also brought about the first roads made of stone.
(3)Why is the wheel an important invention
Because it changed the way humans move and allowed humans to build all types of amazing machines. The Industrial Revolution also depended on the wheel.
3 Discuss the questions below.
(1) Why do you think people invented new ways of travelling
(2) Look around you. Can you see any wheels Where are they
Your ideas
应用实践
03
Vocabulary practice
1 Find the words and the phrase in the article on pages 52-53 and match them with their meanings.
(1) attach (line 13) a a feeling of not being sure about something
(2) pull (line 13) b a way made by a lot of people walking on it
(3) path (line 17) c to need something in order for something else to happen
(4) depend on (line 24) d to join one thing to another
(5) doubt (line 26) e to move something in a certain direction
2 Complete the conversation with the words and the phrase from
Exercise 1.
Interviewer: Hello Dr Li! You wrote a book about the history of the wheel.
How did the wheel change people’s lives
Dr Li: Before the wheel, people (1) ___________ animals to carry
heavy things, or they carried things themselves.
Interviewer: Did people continue to use animals to move things after the
invention of the wheel
Dr Li: Yes. That’s how horse - pulled vehicles came about. They put
things in the vehicles, (2) _______ the horses and off they
went! It was so much easier for a horse to (3) _______
something than carry it on its back.
depended on
attached
pull
Interviewer: How were the roads back then
Dr Li: Terrible! The roads were really just (4) _________
from people walking the same way for years.
Interviewer: Thank you for the information!
Dr Li: You’re welcome. There is no (5) _________ that the
wheel is the greatest invention of all time!
doubt
paths
迁移创新
04
increase after the arrival of... changed with the invention of...
depend on one of the most important inventions of all time
3 Write about an invention with the word and expressions below.
1.The smartphone is widely regarded as one of the most important inventions of all time, as it has deeply changed daily life for people around the world.
2.People’s way of communicating changed with the invention of the smartphone—we no longer depend only on calls or emails, but use apps for instant messages and video chats.
3.After the arrival of the smartphone, the number of people using mobile payment has grown rapidly, making cashless transactions common in daily life.
4.Many industries, such as online shopping and food delivery, now depend on the smartphone to reach customers and provide convenient services.
5.The smartphone has helped increase people’s access to information—with just a few taps, we can read news, learn new skills, or look up answers anytime and anywhere.
The light bulb is one of the most important inventions of all time. Before it existed, people used candles or oil lamps to see at night, which were dim and unsafe. Life changed with the invention of the light bulb—now we can work, study, and play easily even after the sun goes down.
After the arrival of the light bulb, cities became brighter at night. More shops and factories could stay open longer, which helped increase people’s work and life choices. Today, almost everyone in the world depend on the light bulb. From our homes to schools and offices, it brings light to every corner and makes our lives better.
考点速递
05
1.________________寻找
2.________________很多（+可数名词）
3.________________在中央
4.________________大量的
5.________________几百年后
6.________________确定无疑
7._______________附上……于
8.___________将他们的货物运往市场
9._______________结果
10._______________由……制成
11._______________不仅……而且
12.__________改变了人类的移动方式
13.________________各种类型的
14.________________依赖于
15.__________在我们的数字化世界中
16.________________毫无疑问
17.________________有史以来
18.________________到达后
19. ________________发生；进行
20. ________________ 例如；比如
写出下面短语的英语
in search of
a number of
in the central of
large amounts of
a few hundred years later
for sure
attach … to
transport their goods to markets
as a result
be made of
not only…but also
for instance
after the arrival of
take place
changed the way humans move
all types of
depend on
in our digitalized world
Without doubt
of all time
1.When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot.
当最早的人类在十万多年前决定离开他们的家园，去寻找新的居住地和更 好的食物来源时，他们靠的是步行。
in search of是介词短语，是 “寻找；寻求”，可与 “to search for” “in order to search for” 互换，但 “in search of” 更简洁，
Every weekend, my mom goes to the old market in search of fresh vegetables.每周周末，我妈妈都会去旧市场寻找新鲜的蔬菜。
The explorers traveled across the desert in search of hidden water sources.
探险家们穿越沙漠，寻找隐藏的水源。
Many young people move to big cities in search of better job opportunities.
许多年轻人搬到大城市，寻求更好的工作机会。
2.They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles.
他们很快将轮子安装在马拉的车上
attach的基本用法
1.vt.安装；固定；连接
基本结构：attach sth. to sth.（把某物安装 / 固定到某物上）
例：They attached wheels to the cart.（他们把轮子装到马车上。）
例：Attach the photo to the application form.（把照片贴在申请表上。）
【拓展运用】
2.vt.使附属；使隶属于
结构：attach sb./sth. to sth.（使某人 / 物附属于……）
The research unit is attached to the university.该研究单位附属于这所大学。
She attached herself to the local charity group.她加入了当地慈善团体。
结构：be attached to sb./sth.
含义：① 依恋；喜爱（情感层面） ② 附属于；与…… 相连（物理 / 组织层面）
例：She is deeply attached to her hometown.她深爱自己的家乡。
例：The hospital is attached to a medical school.这家医院附属于一所医学院。
4.vt.重视；认为…… 有重要性
结构：attach importance/significance to sth.（重视某物）
例：Parents often attach great importance to their children’s education.
父母常高度重视孩子的教育。
例：The company attaches significance to environmental protection.
这家公司重视环境保护。
3. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job.
although虽然；尽管
Although he worked hard, he failed in the exam.
虽然他很努力，但这次考试仍未及格。
(1)though conj. 虽然；尽管(可与although互换)
They will probably win, though no one thinks so. 他们可能会获胜，尽管没有人这样认为。
2)although/though和but不能连用。
Although he worked hard, but he failed in the exam. (×)
Although he worked hard, he failed in the exam. (√)
He worked hard, but he failed in the exam. (√)
（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English. 说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
(3) large amounts of ... 意为：大量的......。反义表达：small amounts of...
拓展：the amount of... 和an amount of...
the amount of + 不可数名词 表示 “一定量的、…数量”。
The amount of homework affects students’ free time.作业量影响学生空闲时间。
an amount of + 不可数名词
表示 “不确定的、泛指的数量”，相当于 “some” 或 “a certain quantity”，后接不可数名词。
强调 “大量”：a large/great/enormous amount of...（例：a large amount of data）
强调 “少量”：a small amount of...（例：a small amount of sugar）
An amount of time is needed to master a new skill. 掌握新技能需要一定时间。
谓语动词形式
无论 the amount of 还是 an amount of，谓语动词均用单数形式。
The amount of pollution in the city has decreased.城市污染量已减少。
4.The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines.
轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还使得我们能够制造各种令人惊叹的机
①not only... but also: 意为“不仅......而且”。用于连接两个并列的成分，表示递进关系。
1.连接并列谓语
当连接两个谓语动词时，时态需保持一致。
She not only studies hard, but also participates in many activities.
她不仅学习努力，还参加很多活动。
2.连接并列主语。遵循 “就近原则”，谓语动词与 but also 后的主语一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher is excited about the trip.
不仅学生，老师也对这次旅行感到兴奋。
3.连接并列句子
not only 置于句首时，前半句需部分倒装（助动词 / 情态动词提前），but also 后的句子不倒装。
例：Not only did he finish the work, but he also helped others.
他不仅完成了工作，还帮助了别人。
4.省略与简化
but also 可省略为 but 或 also，口语中更常见。
例：He not only likes reading, but enjoys writing.
他不仅喜欢阅读，还喜欢写作。
5.Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
毫无疑问，轮子是有 史以来最重要的发明之一。
动词用法
及物动词，意为 “怀疑；不信任”
I doubt his words.（我怀疑他的话。）
接宾语从句，在否定句和疑问句中，doubt 后接 that 引导的宾语从句。如：I don't doubt that he will come.（我不怀疑他会来。）；在肯定句中，doubt 后一般接 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 ，如：I doubt whether/if he will come on time.（我怀疑他是否会按时来。）
名词用法
不可数名词，意为 “怀疑；不确定”：例如：There is no doubt about his ability.（对他的能力没有疑问。）
常用短语
without doubt：“毫无疑问”，通常用于句首或句末，起强调作用 。如：
Without doubt, he is the best student in the class.（毫无疑问，他是班上最优秀的学生。）
no doubt：“无疑；很可能” 。如：He will no doubt come soon.（他很可能很快就会来。）
回顾总结
06
1，We have read an article about great inventions.
2, We have grasped the new words and expressions in the reading.
课堂小练
07
一、根据首字母或者完成单词
1. Edison was a scientist. He helped to i_____many useful things, like the light bulb.
2. The park is in the c____ part of our city, so it’s easy for everyone to get there by bus.
3.Please a______ your photo to the form before you hand it in to the teacher.
4.There is a small p____ through the forest. We can walk along it to get to the village.
5.The art teacher taught us a new t______ to draw flowers. Now my drawings look more real.
6. Young children usually d______ on their parents for food, clothes and care.
7. I have no d_____ that she will pass the math exam—she has studied very hard for it.
8. She keeps a diary to write down her p______ thoughts and feelings every night.
9. Doing exercise every day can b______ our health. It makes our bodies strong.
10. My dad didn’t n______ the red light and almost drove through it. That was dangerous.
invent
central
attach
path
technique
depend
doubt
persona
benefit
notice
二、完成句子
1.这位老人每天都会去公园，寻找他丢失的旧照片。
The old man goes to the park every day ____ ____ _____ his lost old photos.
2. 这个新公园不仅美丽，而且很受孩子们欢迎。
This new park is ____ ____ beautiful ____ _____ very popular with children.
3.工人们把一块新牌子固定在了墙上。
Workers ______ a new sign ______ the wall.
4.虽然这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快，但运输大量货物仍然是件困难的工作。
__________this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting ______ _____ _______ _______ was still a difficult job.
5. 毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一
_____ ______, the wheel is one of the most important inventions ____ ____ ___.
in search of
not only but also
attach to
Although
large amounts of goods
Without doubt of all time.
三、 短文填词
Over 100,000 years ago, early humans left home on foot to find new places to live and more food. They walked for 94,000 years until 6,000 years ago, when people in Central Asia’s Kazakhstan started riding horses. This let them travel farther, but 1.t_________ heavy goods was still hard.
A few hundred years later, the wheel was invented. No one knows who made it for sure, but it was first used for pottery. Later, people 2.a_________ wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. Farmers could send goods to far markets, this developed trade faster.
The wheel changed the way people did business, but old paths got bad in rain. So stone roads came 3.a_______ , and Romans created better road-building 4.t__________. The wheel also helped make machines like windmills and clocks, and even the Industrial Revolution depended on it. Today, it’s still used in things like 3D printers. It’s one of humanity’s most important 5.i_________.
transporting
attached
about/along
techniques
inventions
Thank you！

展开更多......

收起↑