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(共19张PPT)
Restrictive relative clause
Unit 1 useful structure
Look at the sentences below and underline the relative clauses and relative pronouns and adverbs
After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage
先行词
关系词
relative clasuse: what is it
定语从句
定义
从句
关系词
修饰名词或代词的句子，相当于形容词的作用
被修饰的名词或代词
1. 引导从句，连接主从句；
2. 指代先行词，甚至整个主句；
3. 在从句中充当句子成分。
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem ...
结构
先行词
关系词
分几类？
restrictive vs. non-restrictive
A: Nezha is a little boy whose parents love him deeply.
哪吒是一个深受父母喜爱的小男孩。
B: Nezha, whose parents love him deeply, is a little boy.
哪吒是一个小男孩，并且他的父母很爱他。
1. Comma(逗号）
2. 语义差别
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就会 。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时 逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句只是对先行词做 ，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用 与主句分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用 引导。
不完整或失去意义
不可用
that
逗号
附加补充或说明
restrictive vs. non-restrictive
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词的关系
标点符号
引导词
先行词范围
是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整。
是先行词的补充说明，去掉后句意不受影响。
不用逗号隔开。
必须用逗号与主句隔开。
可用 that（指人 / 物），关系代词作宾语时可省略。
不可用 that，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。
从句修饰先行词。
从句修饰先行词，前面的整个句子或其中的一部分。
relative pronoun
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(＝of whom/of which) 人/物 定语
that 人/物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
relative adverbs
先行词 关系 副词 在从句中的作用　 对应的 “介词＋关系代词”
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 at/in/on/during
which
表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 in/at/to/on which
表示理由的名词：the reason why 作原因状语 for which
practice
1.The woman __________survived the earthquake is Amy’s English teacher.
2. This is the man________________the police have been searching for.
3. I live next door to a couple _________children often make a lot of noise.
4.My elder sister ________has settled in Beijing sends me e-mail almost every day.
5.My elder sister, ______has settled in Beijing, sends me e-mail almost every day.
6. Renmin Park, _______ we often have picnic, is in the middle of our city.
7. Renmin Park, _______ attracts thousand of citizens, is in the middle of our city.
who/that
who/whom/that
whose
who/that
who
where
which
1. 注意区分限和非限
2. 注意辨别关系代和关系副（从句是否缺成分）
practice
Which is the book you borrowed from the library
We talked about the people and things we remembered.
The first thing he did was to call his mother.
She is the only person can solve this problem.
This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen.
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species
live within the Giant Panda Range.
that
that
that
that
that
that
只用that不用which的情况
定语从句怎么造
I have downloaded that free app, but it doesn’t work well.→
The free app (which/that) I have downloaded doesn’t work well.
确定句意后
一找：
二删：
三组合：
找到相同指代的两个部分 --确定先行词
删去第二个相同部分
用关系词连接两个分句，注意判断关系词在句中的成分！
定语从句怎么造
1) He showed me a photo in his room.
It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.
主句
从句
The photo________________________________
那张他给我展示的照片关于埃及著名文化遗迹。
he showed me in his room
was of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.
物 + 限制性
which/that
缺宾语
2). The project team helped protect the national parks in the United
Republic of Tanzania.
It was formed by members from fifteen countries.→
The project team ___________________________________________
这个由来自15个国家成员组成的项目组帮助保护在坦桑尼亚的国家公园。
定语从句怎么造
主句
从句
was formed by members from fifteen countries
helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.
缺主语
物 + 限制性
which/that
Have a try
3). This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.→
The time______________________________________________.
4). We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.→
The professional archaeologist ___________________________ ________________
when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty.
that/who/whom we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.
Have a try
5).The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday.→
The place____________________________________________.
6). Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.→
The reason__________________________________________.
where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the desk.
why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.
用定语从句介绍
The Spring Festival _________________________
__________________________________________ was looked forward to and celebrated by Chinese people all around the world. (在2025年初被联合国教科文组织列入非遗之列的中国春节是全球华人期待和庆祝的传统节日).
which/ that was inscribed on UNESCO heritage lists at the beginning of 2025
It is a time _______________________________________________________. (那是一家人团聚吃团圆饭的时间。) 通常我们吃饺子、红烧鱼。_____________________________________
Dumplings is the food ___________________, and they are also considered the symbol of good luck. （饺子是一种元宝形状的食品，也被认为是好运的象征。）
when family members get together to have a reunion dinner.
We usually have dumplings and braised fish
that is in the shape of ingot
春节时人们还会观看舞狮表演，并燃放烟花。这样做的原因是吓走年兽，那是一个在中国传统神话里的怪物。
__________________________________________________________________________The reason _______________ was to frighten the “Nian” away, ______________________ in ancient Chinese Myths.
People enjoy lion dance performance and set off firework during Spring Festival.
why we do so
which is a scary monster
感谢观看
THANKS.

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