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高考英语语法复习专题
英语语法要点归纳
设计制作：
冠词
1)不定冠词用法 表示泛指；a和an 的用法区别
2)定冠词用法 表示特指；
3)不用冠词的情况（如不可数名词和复数可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词）
4）冠词表示类别时
5）抽象名词具体化
6）冠词的习惯用法by the day the same live a …..life all of a sudden at noon, by bus, in bed, in time, on foot
7)有无冠词意义不同的短语in front of, go to school, go to bed, at table, out of question(毫无问题) out of the question(完全不可能)in charge of 等
名词
1名词的数 (1). 名词的复数问题： A) 规则变化. B) 不规则的复数问题.man child foot mouse deer sheep means ox C). 复合名词的复数问题.grown-up passer-by D) stomach German
(2) 常见的不可数名词(advice news information work bread progress furniture weather housework fun equipment clothing )等
2. 名词的所有格 A) 有生命’s B)无生命的of +名词C) 双重所有格
3)可数名词和不可数名词的判断与转化(beauty cause exercise experience life light matter glass wonder word difficulty等).
4）名词作定语 A. apple trees coffee cups B.man/woman+n的复数
5)语境中对名词的选择（bargain challenge atmosphere construction lack practice dozen score energy state touch reach price message sense direction habit signal waste position situation delay access value deadline notice power charge attempt offer deal choice scene policy voyage symbol mark strength ceremony effort turn course awareness possession attraction opportunity luck absence impression investigation occasion prize ability mind sign等 )
6）名词短语（time moment way等）
7) be of + 抽象名词
8）数词+量词 +of +名词结构
代词
1.分类1）人称代词A) 主格和宾格B）人称代词用作表语或单独使用时常用宾格形式
2）物主代词A）名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词” B）双重所有格 of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词
3）反身代词enjoy oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood\heard for oneself为自己 by oneself独自地，find oneself ,introduce oneself, behave oneself, help oneself, dress oneself,
4）.指示代词this, that, these, those A)this, these “近指”，that, those “远指”。
B) 指上文提到的事一般用that，指下文的事常用this。C) 打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方。D) that还可作表示程度的副词，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。
5).疑问代词what, which, who, whom, whose(where when why how)
6).相互代词:each other ,one another
2不定代词,another,all, none, both, either, neither; other,; some, any; anybody/one, nobody, no one so that, those, each every few, little, a few, a little, a bit other, others, the other, the others, ,everything, everyone, everybody, something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody, nothing, no one, nobody that, those,等；
3.替代词it, one, that, those；so; not
4 疑问代词用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
5.it 的用法
1） it作人称代词(1)替代前面提到的同一物； (2)替代前面整个句子； (3)指身份不明的人2） it指代时间,季节,距离.3）.作形式主语或形式宾语A)It作形式主语时的几个常见句型:
① It is +adj( of/for sb. ) to do sth. ②. It takes sb. ... to do sth. ③. It is no good (use ) doing sth.
④. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ... ⑤. It happens (seems, appears ) that...
⑥. It is said (reported, learned....) that ...⑦. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...
⑧. It is up to sb. to do sth. 9.It costs + sb. + some money +to do10. It + looks as if / seems + that-clause 11. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...
B)it作形式宾语,常用在6123结构中6 指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1 指的是形式宾语 it 2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语, 动名词短语或that 引导的宾语从句。
4）(1)用于强调结构：it is/was…that…；
①.It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ...
◆ It’s high time that we left.
②.It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...
◆ It’s the first time that I have been praised.
③.It is .... since ...
◆ It’s three years since they got married.
④.It is / was ... when ...
◆ It was 1949 when the PRC was founded.
⑤.It is / was ... before ...
◆ It will be two years before we meet again.
形容词
用法1）.形容词+名词2）.主语+系动词+表语（不能用副词）3）.主语+宾语+宾补
2.形容词的位置1）不定代词+形容词2）else 3）. 不定式，动名词短语，分词短语做定语要后置。
3.形容词的语序：（美小圆旧黄，法国木书房）
4.以-ly 结尾的形容词friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，manly
5. 形容词的级别（原级、比较级和最高级）
1）形容词的比较级和最高级构成 A.er,est B. more,most C 不规则good well bad badly ill many much far little old
2）形容词原级比较A.as … as … 结构.as +形容词+ a +单数名词+as。B.not so/as … as … C.as long as, as soon as, as well as, as far as, as much as, as…as possible 3)形容词比较级的用法A.结构：主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 注：1. a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等词可修饰比较级。2.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 3.比较级和否定副词连用可以表示最高级。4. of the two 结构5.比较级 + than +any other +名词单数 6. 其他关于比较级的常用句型 more and more越来越…the more ...the more ... 越……就越…more A than B 与其B倒不如A
4)最高级：the +形容词的最高级(+of/in/among表示范围 )，常用于三者以上的比较
6.倍数表达法句型
1. ...倍数+形容词(或副词)的比较级+than ... 2. ...倍数+as+形容词(或much)或副词+as ... 3. ...倍数+the size(length，height ...)of ...
7.a+形容词的比较级+中心词结构
8.ed形容词和ing形容词的区别1）作表语a人---ed b 物----ing 2)作定语ed+look/voice 3)注意（remaining missing ）
9. 复合形容词的构成（kind-hearted well-known English-speaking hard-working newly-built world-famous peace-loving man-made good-looking等）
10.重点形容词(enough too much what else such same worth calm ill convenient common available accessible等)
11. 形容词and形容词可做伴随状语
12.结构1）to+be+形容词2) the+形容词
副词
1.焦点副词only even just simply merely mainly especially before ago recently lately gradually immediately however therefore obviously actually generally meanwhile alternative等
2.与形容词同形的副词与ly副词的区别high close wide deep near most hard late free just等
3.比较等级的用法
另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别
1) just --- just now
2) rather --- fairly
3) yet --- still --- already
4) hard --- hardly --- rarely --- scarcely
5) such a + adj. + n. --- so + adj. + a + n.
6) most --- mostly --- almost
7) especially --- specially
8) every day --- everyday
9) sometime --- sometimes ---some time
动词
（一）动词的五种基本形式 动词原形 单三形式 现在分词 过去式 过去分词
（二）常见的不及物动词 arrive look talk worry belong argue dream rise depend come happen live wait succeed lie apologise appear arise compete agree occur suffer struggle listen comment refer
（三）常见的非延续性动词go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate, buy
（四）系动词①变化类:become, get, turn, grow, come, go, fall②感官类:look, sound, feel,taste, smell，be③“显得”类: seem, appear, look ④状态类keep, stay, remain ★ prove, turn out
五）后接sb of 结构的动词accuse, cheat, cure, inform, remind, rid, rob, warn
六）只接动名词做宾语的词consider, suggest\advise, excuse\pardon admit, delay\ put off \postpone,avoid, miss, keep, practise\ practice, deny, finish, enjoy\ appreciate, feel like forbid, imagine, risk, forgive can’t help ,mind, allow\permit, escape get down to devote…to lead to be\get \ become used to pay attention to adapt to object to look forward to stick to
七）接宾语和宾补、形式不同allow, permit, forbid, advise, consider
（八）接动名词、不定式意义不同forget regret remember go on mean stop try can’t help
（九）使役、感官动词see, look at, watch, notice, observe hear, listen to, feel , let, make, have\ get
（十）宾语不同、语态不同、但意义相同need, require, want
（十一）接虚拟语气的词insist order, command advise, suggest, propose , recommend demand, require, request
十二）表计划愿望未能实现的动词intend, mean ,hope, plan, expect, think, want, suppose, promise
十三）情感动词类encourage, excite, inspire, interest, amaze, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, astonish, shock, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, worry, tire, touch, relax
十四）省略替代类1）believe, think, suppose, expect, guess I think so. I think not = I don’t think so
2) hope, be afraid + so / not
3) intend, want, plan, wish, like, love, hate, hope, try, would (should) like / love to
情态动词
一.情态动词的基本意义和用法can, could, may,might,must, have to, shall, should, ought to ,will, would, dare, need , had better, would rather 等；
二.部分情态动词的用法比较
1.was/were able与could的用法区别
2.must与have to的区别
3. would 与 used to用法比较
4.may must need引导问句的回答
5.表示推测的情态动词用法
6.表示请求的句式
7.dare 和 need 的两种词性的不同用法
8.Will shall的用法
三.情态动词+have done用法
1.must+ have done
2.can’t /couldn't+ have done
3.might / may+ have done
4.should/ought to+ have done
5.needn’t+ have done
6.could/might/should/would+ have done
四.情态动词的特殊用法
1.May 2.must 3.should 4.can 5.may/might as well
6.Can not …too
动词时态
1.一般现在时1）构成2）用法（五种）1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用：usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes 等
2）表示主语的性格、特征、能力。3）客观真理，科学事实等4） 在时间、条件状语从句中表将来的动作5）表示按安排或计划好的将要发生的动作，通常限于表示"运动"的动词，如：go, come, leave, start等。 2.一般将来时1）构成1)　Shall/will +动词原形 2)　be going to +动词原形 3)　 be +不定式 4)　be about to +动词原形2）用法3）固定句式中：祈使句+and / or+陈述句(用一般将来时) 注在时间、条件状语从句中从句不用将来时
3.现在进行时
1）构成be（am/is/are）+现在分词
2）用法a）表示说话此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作（时间特征：now, at the moment；动作提示：look, listen）b)表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作c)be always doing结构d）表示将来的动作e）表示渐变的动词get,become,turn,
3）标志词now, at the moment look, listen
4．现在完成时1）构成have （has） +过去分词2）a.用法过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。注意；不与表示过去的时间连用。B;表示动作发生在过去，且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去。常与since 或for 引导时间状语一起连用。注意；不能与非延续性动词go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, join, kill, marry, graduate, buy等词连用。c.have/has been to表示到过某个地方，而have/has gone to表示已经去了某处3）标志词already, yet，ever,never just , recently,lately, up to now, so far,, since,for in the past +一段时间等 4）固定句式中It/(This) is the first…time/最高级+ that从句“中 (从句现在完成时)
5.过去完成时1）构成had +过去分词2）用法表示过去的过去a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句b.过去完成时的时间状语before, by, When 3）固定句式中a.It/(This) was the first…time/最高级+ that从句“中 b.intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等。c.hardly… when, no sooner… than等的句子里。 6一般过去式1）构成2）用法3)表示虚拟语气4）固定句式
7过去进行时1）构成2）用法3）标志词具体和特定时间at this time yesterday, at that time,… when, while 4）固定句式中 8.现在完成进行时 9过去将来时1.构成;1)　would+动词原形 2)　was/were going to +动词原形 3)　 was/were +不定式 4)　 was/were about to +动词原形2.用法 表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态常用于宾语从句中。注意was/were going to +动词原形可表示过去未曾实现得打算
动词的语态
1. 构成be+过去分词2不用被动式的词1)系动词无被动2)不及物动词和一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态。rise,happen,succeed,remain, take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,date from,...last cost 3.主动表被动 (1)主语+表示属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义常见的动词有： sell，read，write，cook，lock，wash，等。(2)在there be 结构中。 (3) 在“be+adj+不定式”（4）worth及表示需要意义的词need, want, require之后的动名词用主动表被动 (5)be to blame (for)“应受责备”常用主动表被动含义 4.get+过去分词broken, burnt, killed, hurt, lost, confused, married, dressed, 只用被动不用主动的词 seat locate
非谓语动词
1.非谓语动词形式 不定式 动名词 分词
2.非谓语动词作主语；1)动名词与不定式作主语时的区别 a 前后一致b.动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作 不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作c.固定句型 It’s no use/no good + doing …It’s +adj of / for sb to do sth It takes sb some time to do sth等
3.非谓语动词作宾语；a.仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit 　appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape 　excuse　prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand 　 forgive keep can’t help consider allow advise permit forbid adviseb.带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：
remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop
c. get down to devote…to lead to be used to pay attention to adapt to stick to look forward to
d.物+ want, need, require, demand+ doing/to be done
4.非谓语动词作表语；a不定式、动名词做表语的区别b特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋），tire（使…疲劳），please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞），worry（使…忧虑）
5 .非谓语动词作定语；
A.名词+不定式/分词a.动不定式表示将来 分词表示过去和现在注意在 time, way 等名词后；表示时间空间先后
B表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法done 表示已经完成的动作
to be done 表示尚未开始的动作
being done 表示正在进行之中的动作
C分词/动名词+名词
6.非谓语动词作宾补；see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, notice, catch observe, listen to, look at, leave, leave等可跟分词作宾语补足语
有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。
With 的复合结构
7.非谓语动词作状语；不定式作目的状语 only to , too …to , enough to; 分词不能做目的状语；（注；1. 主语一致）
8.非谓语动词的时态语态；
9 .省略不定式to 省to 不定式的固定句型
1, had better (not) do…
2,would rather do ...than do…
3, prefer to do ...rather than do…
4, cannot but do 不得不…必然….
5, cannot help but do ...不得不…。
6,do nothing but do ...只能 ，只有
7,why (not )do ...
8.感官和使役动词
10 .不定式省略 注：to 后若是主动词have 或 be时，必须保留。
11 .不定式、动名词的复合结构
12 .非谓语动词的否定 结构
13.独立主格结构
1.There being no bus, I had to walk home.
．2.Time permitting, we plan to hold a class meeting.
14.固定句式分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语）
strictly speaking ,generally speaking ,frankly speaking ,judging by/ from， talking of , considering , supposing Taking …into consideration
不定式或不定式短语作独立成份（状语或插入语）
to tell (you )the truth, to be, honest, to be frank, to be exact,to be brief to begin with, to start with ,to make the things worse
介词
1.常用介词的用法，如as, by, of, with, over, on, towards, beyond, through except but等；
2.常用的短语介词，如instead of, in search of, in case of, in fear of, because of, as a result of in a word, in other words, in fact, in all, above all, after all, at all, at last, at least 等
数词
1.表示顺序
2.hundred thousand million billion score dozen 的用法
3.1）年月日表达法2）时刻年龄的表达法3）分数小数的表达法4）世纪年代倍数表达法
4.in one’s+整数的复数形式
5.复合数词 6.a/an/the+序数词

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