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(共31张PPT)
Unit 4
Grammar
定语从句
Review
Sentence Structure
句子成分和句子结构
Structure 1
I replied.
She agreed.
S (Subject)
V (Verb)
主语
谓语
At 6:20 a.m., ___________________________.
Talk about a typical day at senior high with the structures.
Review
my alarm clock rang / went off
Structure 2
I was embarrassed.
He was friendly.
S
Linking verb
P (Predicative)
表语
e.g. adjective/noun...
系动词
On my way to school, ____________________.
Talk about a typical day at senior high with the structures.
Review
Structure 3
I saw a white-haired man.
He wrote a long letter.
S
V (vt.)
O (Object)
宾语
On campus, ________
__________________.
Talk about a typical day at senior high with the structures.
Review
Structure 4
He gave me a smile.
I passed him a book.
S
V (vt.)
O 1
O 2
During the English class, ___________________.
Talk about a typical day at senior high with the structures.
Review
e.g. teach, show,
offer, lend, buy...
Structure 5
His words made me a lot more relaxed！
The exam made me quite nervous.
S
V (vt.)
O
C (Complement)
补足语
e.g. adjective/v-ing/v-ed/noun...
Talk about your first day at senior high with the structures.
Review
Object complement is used to provide additional information to the object or says what the object has become.
Structure 5
His words made me a lot more relaxed！
The exam made me quite nervous.
S
V
O
C (Complement)
Talk about your first day at senior high with the structures.
Review
I found _____________________
e.g. find, leave, have...
Structure 6
I breathed deeply.
He talked loudly.
S
V (vi.)
A (Adverbial)
状语
Talk about a typical day at senior high with the structures.
After lunch, _________
___________________.
Review
Adverbial is used to describe a verb, an adjective, or a complete sentence.
we usually walk around the campus leisurely
Structure 7
I looked at them in panic.
She looked after her sister patiently.
S
V (vt.)
O
A
After school, _______
__________________.
Talk about a typical day at senior high with the structures.
Review
（1）主谓（SV）
（2）主（系）表（SVP）
（3）主谓宾（SVO）
（4）主谓双宾（SVOO）
（5）主谓宾补（SVOC）
Basic sentence structures
His words made me a lot more relaxed.
I saw a white-haired man.
I replied.
He gave me a smile.
I was embarrassed.
Types of verbs
action verbs
实义动词
linking verbs
系动词
transitive verbs
及物动词
intransitive verbs
不及物动词
P
O
O
O
O
C
Types of verbs
action verbs
实义动词
linking verbs
系动词
transitive verbs
及物动词
intransitive verbs
不及物动词
P
O
O
O
O
C
Basic sentence structures
V-T +
V-I
Linking verb + P
O
O+O 双宾语
O+C 宾补
Basic sentence structures
V-T +
V-I
Linking verb + P
Attribute is used to
describe a noun.
O
O+O 双宾语
O+C 宾补
Attribute
定语
Adverbial
状语
Basic sentence structures
Attribute
定语
Adverbial
状语
V-T +
V-I
Linking verb + P
O
O+O 双宾语
O+C 宾补
Basic sentence structures
定语从句 Attributive Clause
Form 形式
Meaning 意义
Use 用法
定语从句 Attributive Clause
P54 Activity 1
a We can… stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
b The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests…
c We can… stay in touch with the people. We want to remain friends with them.
d The digital age also enables us to find people. These people share our interests…
What does “that” and “who” refer to
Why does the author use sentences a & b not c & d
How can we combine the two simple sentences into one
We can… stay in touch with the people.
We want to remain friends with them.
We can… stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
Attributive clauses
Concise
Closer link
Clearer focus
Richer description
The digital age also enables us to find people.
These people share our interests…
The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests…
a noun/pronoun +
that/which/who/whom/whose
+ a clause
modifies
定语从句 Attributive Clause
先行词
关系代词

Observe & Summarise
1. We stay in touch with the people who/that we want to remain friends with.
2. The digital age also enables us to find people who/that share our interests…
3. The video call that/which we had yesterday made our friendship feel more real.
4. I made friends with David who/whom I met yesterday.
如何选择关系代词？
定语从句分析思路：还原法
圈出先行词 (被修饰的n./pron.)
还原先行词到从句中，看其做句子什么成分
确定关系词
Observe & Summarise
5. I got to know John from a virtual course, through whom I have met people from all over the world.
6. On the Internet we might encounter people whose personal information was not entirely true.
如何选择关系代词？
定语从句分析思路：还原法
圈出先行词 (被修饰的n./pron.)
还原先行词到从句中，看其做句子什么成分
确定关系词
关系词类别 关系词 先行词 充当从句的句子成分
关系代词 who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾
which 物 主、宾
that 人、物 主、宾
whose 人、物 定
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
定语从句分析思路：还原法
圈出先行词 (被修饰的n./pron.)
还原先行词到从句中，看其做句子什么成分
确定关系词
定语从句 Attributive Clause
当先行词还原到定语从句中作______ 时，关系代词可省略。
宾语
定语从句分析思路：还原法
圈出先行词 (被修饰的n./pron.)
还原先行词到从句中，看其做句子什么成分
确定关系词
The smartphone he is using is made in China.
He is the man I told you about.
Attributive Clause
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, who, whom, or whose.
Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.
So I learnt a new language which/that allows me to “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.
I sometimes have problems (that/which) I can’t solve.
Lucy is a good listener (whom/who/that) I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.
P54 Activity 2
Attributive Clause
P55 Activity 3
that/which
whose
who/that
which/that
(whom/who/that)
关系代词：who, that, which, whom, whose
She is the first female ________ won the Nobel Prize.
She is a scientist ________discoveries are very important.
She is a scientist _______________ we can learn from.
who/that
whose
(whom/that/who)
关系代词：who, that, which, whom, whose
关系副词：when, where, why
I live in the house ________________ my father lived.
I live in the house ________________ my father bought.
where
that/which/不填
Exercise
The boys _______ are planting trees on the hill are middle school students.
Have you seen the books _______________ he bought yesterday
The gentleman ________________ we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
She is the girl _______ father is a professor.
He lives in the room _______ windows face south.
He likes to use the dictionary __________ was published in 1986.
Do you remember the day _________ we met.
This is the house _______ we lived for 10 years.
Cooperation is the reason _______ they won.
The reason ____________he gave for being late was that he missed the bus.
用恰当的关系代词/关系副词填空
who/that
that/which/不填
who/whom/that/不填
whose
whose
that/which
when
where
why
that/which/不填
特殊情况 – way
What surprised me was not what he said but the way __________________ he said it.
The way _________________ he adopted was quite simple.
The way __________________ he explained the sentence to use was easy to understand.
in which/that/不填
which/that/不填
in which/that/不填

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