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(共26张PPT)
初中英语译林版八上
Hands
Hands
fun
fun
-on
-on
Unit 4
Grammar
1
能精准识别、归纳祈使句（肯定、否定、礼貌表达 ）及 should/had better (not) 结构的语法规则。
2
能在 DIY 及类似生活场景中，正确运用祈使句发指令、用 should/had better (not) 提建议。
3
借 DIY 语境感受语法实用性，增强“用语法解决实际交流问题”的意识。
Learning objectives
重点
重点
Millie and Andy are trying to put together a bookshelf. Read their conversation and pay attention to the parts in bold.
Andy: Let's put the pieces of wood together. Please hand the tools to me.
Millie: OK. Here you are. What else can I do
Andy: Look for the chalk mark on the top of each piece. Make sure pieces of the same size are in the same group. Don’t mix them up.
Read and observe
What type of sentences are they
They are positive imperative sentences (肯定祈使句). Positive imperative sentences usually start with a verb in its base form (动词原形).
Andy: Let's put the pieces of wood together. Please hand the tools to me.
Millie: OK. Here you are. What else can I do
Andy: Look for the chalk mark on the top of each piece. Make sure pieces of the same size are in the same group. Don’t mix them up.
Observe and answer
Andy: Let's put the pieces of wood together. Please hand the tools to me.
Millie: OK. Here you are. What else can I do
Andy: Look for the chalk mark on the top of each piece. Make sure pieces of the same size are in the same group. Don’t mix them up.
Observe and answer
What about this sentence
It’s a negative imperative sentence (否定祈使句). Negative imperative sentences start with “Don’t” + a verb in its base form.
Andy: Let's put the pieces of wood together. Please hand the tools to me.
Millie: OK. Here you are. What else can I do
Andy: Look for the chalk mark on the top of each piece. Make sure pieces of the same size are in the same group. Don’t mix them up.
Observe and answer
How can we make an imperative sentence sound more polite Can you find an example in the dialogue
We can add “please”.
Summarize
Work out the rule!
We start a sentence with the base form of a verb when we want to tell people what to do.
We add _______ before a verb when we want to tell people not to do something.
We often add _______ in a sentence to make an instruction more polite.
We can use _______ when we want to suggest doing something together.
don’t
please
let’s
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、建议、警告等的句子，通常省略主语 “you”。
以动词原形开头。
肯定祈使句直接以动词原形开头，如：Open the door.（开门。）
否定祈使句是在动词原形前加 “Don't”，如：Don't be late.（不要迟到。）
Let’s learn
Structure
Definition
为了使祈使句听起来更礼貌，我们可以在句首或句末加上 “please”。
“please” 放在句首时，后面的动词无需用逗号隔开；放在句末时，要用逗号与前面的句子隔开 。如：Please sit down. = Sit down, please.（请坐。）
祈使句的语气和礼貌表达
Let’s learn
祈使句的反意疑问句通常用 “will you”（Let's 开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用 “shall we”）
E.g. Open the window, will you （打开窗户，好吗？）
Let's go shopping, shall we （我们去购物吧，好吗？）
祈使句的反意疑问句
有些祈使句可以用 “No + 名词 / 动词 - ing 形式” 表示 “禁止做某事” 。如：No smoking!（禁止吸烟！) No parking!（禁止停车！）
在动词原形前加 “do”，可以加强祈使句的语气，意为 “务必；一定” 。如：Do be careful!（一定要小心！）
特殊形式的祈使句
Let’s learn
Millie is teaching her classmates how to make flashcards to help them remember things better. Look at the pictures and help Millie complete the sentences.
A1
cut
draw
give
look
try
keep
write
(1) _________ cards out of pieces of paper with a pair of scissors.
Cut
1
Read and complete
cut
draw
give
look
try
keep
write
(2)_________ some words or a sentence on each card.
Write
2
(3)_________a picture to show the words or sentence on the other side of the card.
3
Draw
Read and complete
cut
draw
give
look
try
keep
write
(4) _______ at the picture and (5) _______ to say what is on the other side.
Look
Please (6) ___________ (not) up. (7) _________ trying and you will find you can remember things better.
don’t give
4
try
Keep
Read and complete
There is a new type of desk at your school. You can change the height of the desk by pressing a button. Write some sentences, using the grammar above, to teach your classmates how to use the desk.
A2
Let’s find the button first. Please press the button to change the height. Don’t press it too hard.
Example
Let’s write
Suzy and her mum are trying to paint a bird box. Read their conversation and pay attention to the parts in bold.
Mum: Here’s the paint. We’d better clean the bird house first.
Suzy: OK, I’ll help you.
'd better = had better
TIP
Read and observe
Mum: Now you should mix the paint well. Then put the brush /br / into the paint. You’d better not get too much paint on the brush.
Suzy: Is this OK
TIP
Mum: Yes. Move the brush up and down slowly like me. You shouldn’t go too fast, Suzy.
Suzy: OK, Mum.
Read and observe
The tone of had better is stronger than should.
Summarize
We use ________ and ____________ when giving advice and telling people what we think is the best or right thing to do.
should
had better
Work out the rule!
should 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。主要用于表示建议、责任、义务、推测等。
1.表示建议时，意为 “应该”，常用来给出自己的观点或建议 。
e.g.: You should eat more vegetables.（你应该多吃蔬菜。）
2.表示推测时，意为 “应该；可能” ，用来对事情进行合理的推测 。 e.g.: It's 8 o'clock. He should be at home.（现在8点了。他应该在家。）
3.should have done sth. 表示过去本应该做某事，但实际上没有做，含有责备或遗憾的意味 。
e.g.: You should have come to the party last night.（你昨晚本应该来参加聚会的。）
should 的用法
should 和 had better 的用法
Let’s learn
had better 也是一种表达建议的方式，意为 “最好”，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。其否定形式是 “had better not do sth.”，意为“最好不做某事”，语气比should更强烈，更强调 “最好这样做，否则可能会有不好的结果”。
e.g.: You had better wear warm clothes. It's cold outside.（你最好穿上暖和的衣服。外面很冷。）
had better 的用法
Let’s learn
Suzy is giving DIY advice to her classmates. Read the advice below. Help Suzy make sentences with should (not) or had better (not).
B1
a. begin your work without reading them
b. join a DIY club to learn more about it
c. read them slowly and carefully
d. be patient
e. be careful when you use it
f. buy some to learn more about it
g. play with them when you do DIY jobs
Read and make sentences
1. There are many useful books about DIY.
______________________________________________
2. DIY is not always easy.
______________________________________________
3. Instructions / n'str k nz/ are important.
______________________________________________
You should buy some to learn more about it.
You had better join a DIY club to learn more about it.
You should not begin your work without reading them.
Read and make sentences
4. Scissors can be dangerous /'de nd r s/.
_______________________________________________
5. Sometimes it takes time to do a DIY job.
_______________________________________________
6. Glue can hurt our skin and eyes.
_______________________________________________
7. Instructions can be difficult to understand.
_______________________________________________
You should not play with them when you do DIY jobs.
You should be patient.
You had better be careful when you use it.
You had better read them slowly and carefully.
Read and make sentences
Write some more advice about doing DIY, using should (not) and had better (not).
B2
You should choose safe materials.
You had better not work alone. ”
Useful expressions
Let’s write
Summary
Imperative Sentences
“Should” & “Had Better”
Function: Give commands, suggestions, or instructions.
Structure:
Positive: Verb 原形 (e.g., Cut the paper.)
Negative: Don’t + Verb 原形 (e.g., Don’t mix them up.)
Polite: Add please (e.g., Please hand me the tools.)
Suggestion: Let’s + Verb 原形 (e.g., Let’s build together.)
Function: Give advice.
Differences:
Should = General advice (e.g., You should read instructions).
Had better = Stronger, urgent advice (e.g., We’d better clean it first).
Homework
1
Base: Review the grammar rules of imperative sentences and should/had better.
2
Practice: Write 5 instructions for a simple DIY project (like making a paper boat) using imperative sentences.
Bye Bye
Bye Bye

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