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选择性必修二Unit1 Science and Scientists重点词句讲义
词形转换
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的→frustrate vt.使懊丧/沮丧→frustration n．懊恼
2．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的
3．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是
4．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖
5．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vt.干扰；介入
6. pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净→purity n.洁净，纯净；纯洁，清白
7．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
8．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→find(found，found) vt.发现
9．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初；最初
10．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工
11．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；生气的；
12．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
13．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能→leader n．领导→lead v．引路；引领；导致
14．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
15．contradictory adj.相矛盾的;引起抵触的→contradiction n. 矛盾，不一致；反驳，驳斥→contradict v.反驳，否认；相矛盾；
16．transform v.使改变;使变形;使改观→transformation n.（彻底或重大的）改观，变化，转变
17．fault n.过失;过错;缺陷;故障→faulty adj.有错误的；有缺陷的→faultless adj无错误的;完美无缺的
18．astronomy n.[U]天文学→astronomer n.[C]天文学家→astronaut n.宇航员
19．severe adj.严重的；严厉的；严峻的→severely adv严重地;严厉地
20．steady adj.稳定的;稳固的;持续的→steadily adv稳定地;持续地→unsteady adj.不稳定的
21．brilliant adj.光辉灿烂的；卓越的;杰出的;→brilliantly adv辉煌地;灿烂地;卓越地
22．vivid adj.鲜艳的;鲜明的→vividly adv.生动地
23. think v.认为；思考→thinking n.思想；思维；见解→thought n.想法; 思考; 思想
24. find v.发现→finding n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
重点词组（注：有下划线词组为单词表词组）
Reading and Thinking —learning about language(P2-4)
used to do 过去常常
die of/from 死于
be frustrated at 因某事而沮丧
attend to 照顾
give birth 生孩子
once and for all 最终地；彻底地
in general 总的来说
subscribe to 同意
be determined to do 决心做某事
be to blame 应受责备
as a result of 因为 由于
stop in its tracks 从途径上终止
show a link between A and B 显示A与B之间的联系
tireless efforts 不懈努力
substantial decrease 大幅降低
thanks to 幸亏；由于
side effects 副作用
Discover useful structures(P5)
at the initial stage 在初期阶段
develop a vaccine for sth 开发…的疫苗
reduce the cost 降低花费
carry out 履行；执行
in the first place 首先
calm down 冷静下来
get down to doing 着手做
solid work 实质工作
Using language (P6-9)
have something to do with 与… 相关
have an impact on 对......有影响
serve the homeland 为国家服务
break out 突然开始；爆发
make the decision to 决定
switch… to… 将…转变为…
overcome the difficulties 克服困难
receive a hero’s welcome 受到英雄般的欢迎
in charge of 主管 ；掌管
discourage sb from doing sth 劝阻某人做某事
take on a challenge 接受挑战
under one’s leadership 在某人的领导下
launch satellite 发射卫星
trace back to 追溯到
dream of/ about 梦想
fight against 对抗
above all 最重要的是，尤其是
重点句子
1. until引导的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor，John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。(P2 L1)
2. so...that...
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than500 people died in ten days.
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。(P2 L13)
此处so/such---that---，引导结果状语从句，意为“如此…以至于…”
（1）so---that---句型的常见形式：
so+adj./adv.+that...
so+adj.+a/an+n（单数可数名词）.+that...
so-+many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that...
where引导的定语从句
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
斯诺首先在一张地图上标出了所有死者居住的确切位置(P2 L16)
where引导定语从句时，其先行词一般是表示地点的名词或point, case, stage, condition, situation, occasion，它在定语从句中作地点状语，此时where相当于at/in/on+which。
4. have sth. done
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。(P2 L29)
have sth.done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事
have sth..to do有事要做 have sb..do sth..让某人做某事
have sb../sth.doing sth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can't have sb..doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事
5 .that引导表语从句
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
事实是，布罗德街水泵的水已经被废物污染了(P3 L1)
佳句赏析
Besides being brilliant, he was brave, sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.(P9)
除了才华出众，他还非常勇敢，有时在言行上略显鲁莽。他敢于说出别人不敢说的话，敢于梦想别人不敢梦的未来。此外，他意志坚定。这种品质不仅助他在科学道路上披荆斩棘，更成为他与病魔抗争的最大力量。最重要的是，霍金愿意正视自己的缺点。正是这些看似矛盾的特质，成就了他作为20世纪与21世纪最伟大思想家之一的地位。
1. 科学精神相关词句
"Science is not just about facts; it's about curiosity and the pursuit of truth." 这句话强调了科学不仅仅是知识的积累，更是对真理的追求和好奇心的体现。可以引导学生思考科学家的动机和科学探索的意义。
"Scientists are often driven by a desire to understand the unknown."这句话揭示了科学家的内在驱动力，即对未知世界的探索欲望。可以结合教材中的科学家故事进行讲解。
2. 科学家贡献相关词句
"The discoveries of scientists have changed the world we live in."这句话突出了科学家对社会和人类生活的深远影响。可以结合教材中的具体案（如爱因斯坦、居里夫人等）进行讲解。
"Innovation often comes from t he intersection of different fields of study."这句话强调了跨学科合作在科学创新中的重要性。可以引导学生思考现代科学的发展趋势。
3. 语言表达佳句
"The beauty of science lies not only in its discoveries but also in the process of inquiry."这句话表达了科学之美不仅在于结果，更在于探索的过程。
"A scientist is someone who turns curiosity into knowledge."这句话简洁地概括了科学家的特质，可以用于引导学生理解科学家的思维方式和行为模式。

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