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Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　EPIDEMICS EXPLAINED
维度一：品句填词
1.The 　　　　　　（实际的） cost was higher than we expected.
2.He is optimistic that his government will be able to manage the 　　　　　　（爆发） effectively.
3.The interviews were given to a random 　　　　（样本） of students.
4.Hackers are said to have started a computer 　　　　　　（病毒）.
5.Physical activity is an important 　　　　　　（因素） in maintaining fitness.
6.The plan received 　　　　　　（广泛的） support throughout the country.
7.Read the whole passage and u　　　　　　 the new words and expressions.
8.She was strongly o　　　　　　 to her husband taking this trip.
维度二：词形转换
1.They went about their business in a 　　　　　（system） way.
2.The work had not been done very 　　　　　　（thorough）.
3.　　　　　　 （estimate） of our total world sales are around 50 million.
4.The garden offers a 　　　　　　（vary） of attractions.
5.Doing garbage 　　　　　　（classify） in a right way can turn waste into wealth， which will benefit us a lot.
6.His mother had 　　　　　　（rare） criticized him or any of her other children.
7.The college is not an 　　　　　　（official） recognised English language school.
8.Mastering English can help us gain 　　　　　（globe） perspectives as well as drawing inspiration from the world.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.The novel written by him 　　　　　　　　　（被归类为） a science fiction.
2.The young boy has 　　　　　　　　　　　　（各种各样的爱好）， such as listening to classical music and painting.
3.The majority of people 　　　　　　　　　　（反对） building a chemical factory near the village.
4.The girl 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（双手掩面）， afraid to watch the frightening scene.
5.He fell asleep soon 　　　　　　　　　　　　（关着窗户）.
6.The child slipped and fell， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（头撞到了门上）.
维度四：课文语法填空
　　An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease 1.　　　　　　 rapidly spreads to a large number of people within two weeks or less.Each disease can only 2.　　　　　　 （official） be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.Just a few cases of a very rare disease in one place will be classified as an epidemic.
　　One of the earliest epidemics 3.　　　　　　 record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Then， in the 1330s， this epidemic returned， this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death” because one 4.　　　　　　 （vision） symptom was black spots on the body.Centuries later， the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918， also 5.　　　　　　 （call） the Spanish Flu， struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.Scientists who have gone into detail 6.　　　　　　 （study） tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.Initially， many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed 7.　　　　　　 threat until the SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province. It spread to Canada， Vietnam and Singapore and lasted 8.　　　　　　 2003.Then， from 2013 to 2016， there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease （EVD） in West Africa.
　　Despite the epidemics the world 9.　　　　　　　　 （face） in recent years， governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and 10.　　　　　　 （system） medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Learning a second language can have a positive effect on the brain， even if it is taken up in adulthood， a University of Edinburgh study suggests.
Researchers found that reading， verbal fluency and intelligence were improved in a study of 262 people tested either aged 11 or in their seventies.
A previous study suggested that being bilingual could delay the beginning of dementia （痴呆） by several years. The big question in this study was whether learning a new language improved cognitive functions or whether individuals with better cognitive abilities were more likely to become bilingual.
Dr.Thomas Bak， from the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology at the University of Edinburgh， said he believed he had found the answer.
Using data from intelligence tests on 262 Edinburgh-born individuals at the age of 11， the study looked at how their cognitive abilities had changed when they were tested again in their seventies.
According to the research， all participants said they were able to communicate in at least one language other than English. Of that group， 195 learned the second language before the age of 18， and 65 learned it after that time.
The findings indicate that those who spoke two or more languages had significantly better cognitive abilities compared to what would have been expected from their baseline test. The strongest effects were seen in general intelligence and reading. The effects were present in those who learned their second language early， as well as later in life.
Dr.Bak said the pattern they found was “meaningful” and the improvements in attention， focus and fluency could not be explained by original intelligence. These findings are of considerable practical relevance.
Dr.Alvaro Pascual-Leone， professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston， US， said：“The study provides an important first step in understanding the impact of learning a second language and the ageing brain. This research paves the way for future causal studies of bilingualism and cognitive decline prevention.”
1.According to Paragraph 3， the previous study failed to 　　　　.（　　）
A.find the benefits of being bilingual
B.find the benefits of good cognitive functions
C.prove the relationship between more languages and higher intelligence
D.prove the relationship between being bilingual and better cognitive abilities
2.What does Dr.Thomas Bak’s “answer” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（　　）
A.Being bilingual benefits the ageing brain.
B.Being bilingual delays the coming of dementia.
C.People who are bilingual are less likely to suffer from dementia.
D.People with better cognitive abilities are more likely to become bilingual.
3.How did the researchers at the University of Edinburgh get the result of their study？（　　）
A.By studying some facts.
B.By comparing some data.
C.By analysing some reports.
D.By doing some experiments.
4.What did Dr.Alvaro Pascual-Leone think of Dr.Thomas Bak’s research？（　　）
A.Practical. B.Valuable.
C.Scientific. D.Interesting.
B
　　When Jessika Kattah was put in a wheelchair， she knew she wouldn’t be able to walk again.
　　But she could still fly.
　　Kattah and other disabled people have found a home once a month at iFly， an indoor skydiving center in Davie，US.Every second Thursday of the month， iFly hosts All Abilities Night， at which individuals with physical challenges can safely try the free-fall simulation （模拟） in a giant wind tunnel.
　　And if you’re thinking that floating in a giant wind tunnel is nothing like jumping out of an airplane， Kattah is happy to tell you that you’re wrong.
　　“You definitely get that feeling of flying，” said Kattah， who did skydiving twice.“But the fact that I’m able to get out of my chair makes it so great.You forget about your disability； you’re just like everybody else.”
　　The experience is safe and almost anyone can participate.Few people come out without a big smile on their face， and there will be applause from the people sitting in the observation area.
　　Chuck Petscher， who is blind， had never been the type of person to try anything risky.But recently he decided to give indoor skydiving a shot.“I’ll do this， but I’m not jumping out of an airplane，” he joked.
“When you’re disabled， you usually have to do things in a different way from everybody else，”
he said.“Here， you’re doing what everybody else is doing.That’s what turned me on to it.”
This is also why Kattah has started sharing her experiences on a blog.She wants to send a message to people like her that even though they may feel restricted by their disability， they can always do something they never thought they’d be able to do.
“If you want to do something， just do it.Don’t let fear guide you.In the end， you’re going to be so happy you did it，” she says.
5.What’s special about All Abilities Night？（　　）
A.One can travel on an airplane.
B.One can jump out of an airplane.
C.It takes place four times a month.
D.It offers special service for the disabled.
6.After experiencing skydiving， most people will 　　　　.（　　）
A.feel regretful
B.feel frightened
C.get a sense of achievement
D.get a sense of responsibility
7.Why did Chuck Petscher try indoor skydiving？（　　）
A.He wanted to be appreciated.
B.He liked showing off in public.
C.He could be treated as equals.
D.He was interested in adventures.
8.Why does Kattah share her experience on her blog？（　　）
A.To share her joy and excitement.
B.To promote the skydiving center.
C.To offer some suggestions for the disabled.
D.To encourage others to challenge themselves.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　A couple have been reunited with their missing cat more than a decade after he went missing from their northeastern home.
　　Fiona Mutter， 45， 　9　 her beloved cat Fergus had been dead after receiving a missed 　10　 from Cats Protection. However， the cat was found 　11　 in Aberdeen — almost 80 miles away from her home in Forres， Moray.
9.（　）A.thought　　 B.expected
C.proposed D.confirmed
10.（　）A.letter B.call
C.gift D.text
11.（　）A.safe B.naughty
C.weak D.unhealthy
　　Cats Protection volunteers 　12　 to find Fiona thanks to Fergus， now aged 14， being microchipped （装微芯片）. 　13　 to Aberdeen Live， Fiona said， “We are still just completely 　14　. Fergus went missing 11 years ago and we never thought he would be 　15　. I had a missed call last Saturday from the lost and found at Cats Protection. I thought they had maybe found his body and that they were 　16　 to tell me he was dead， but they had 　17　 found him.”
Since September， Fergus was being 　18　 and given a place to sleep by staff at Aberdeen’s recycling centre. A Cats Protection volunteer this month spotted a Facebook 　19　 from a concerned member of the public in October asking if Fergus 　20　 anyone.
The volunteer managed to hand Fergus over to his surprised family last Saturday. Fiona says Fergus’ 　21　 proves how important microchipping is for pets. “Never in a million years did I 　22　 we would be reunited with him. It just shows you how 　23　 microchipping is，” she said.
12.（　）A.requested　　　　 B.intended
C.managed D.demanded
13.（　）A.Turning B.Changing
C.Moving D.Speaking
14.（　）A.confused B.surprised
C.worried D.disappointed
15.（　）A.caught B.found
C.raised D.injured
16.（　）A.writing B.texting
C.phoning D.coming
17.（　）A.actually B.normally
C.gradually D.basically
18.（　）A.treated B.cured
C.checked D.fed
19.（　）A.article B.post
C.comment D.notice
20.（　）A.took after B.ran across
C.turned down D.belonged to
21.（　）A.return B.loss
C.recovery D.departure
22.（　）A.imagine B.suggest
C.realise D.predict
23.（　）A.interesting B.important
C.common D.popular
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction.When we eat or drink sugary foods， the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good.Then the good feeling goes away， 24.　　　　　　　　 （leave） us wanting more.All 25.　　　　　　　 （taste） foods do this， but sugar has a particularly strong effect.In this way， it is in fact an addictive drug， one that doctors recommend we all cut down on.
　　Our bodies 26.　　　　　　 （design） to survive on very little sugar.Early humans often had very little food， so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat.In this way， we had energy 27.　　　　　　 （store） for when there was no food.But today， most people have more than enough.So 28.　　　　　　 very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
　　So what is the 29.　　　　　　 （solve）？ It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar.The trouble is， in today’s world， it’s extremely difficult to avoid.From breakfast cereals 30.　　　　　　 after-dinner desserts， our foods are increasingly filled with it.Some manufacturers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat.
But there are those 31.　　　　　　 are fighting back against sugar.Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit.Other schools 32.　　　　　　 （grow） their own food in gardens， or building 33.　　　　　　 （facility） like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise.The battle has not yet been lost.
Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　EPIDEMICS EXPLAINED
基础知识自测
维度一
1.actual　2.outbreak　3.sample　4.virus　5.factor　
6.widespread　7.underline　8.opposed
维度二
1.systematic　2.thoroughly　3.Estimations　4.variety　
5.classification　6.rarely　7.officially 　8.global
维度三
1.is classified as
2.a variety of hobbies
3.are opposed to
4.buried her face in her hands
5.with the window closed
6.hitting his head against the door
维度四
1.that　2.officially　3.on　4.visible　5.called　6.studying
7.a　8.until　9.has faced　10.systematic
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。爱丁堡大学的一项研究发现，学习第二语言有助于大脑的健康，即使人们在成年开始学习第二语言。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，以前的研究没有证明使用双语和认知能力高之间的因果关系，也就是没有明确两者孰为因、孰为果。
2.A　词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，Thomas Bak博士的研究明确证明：使用双语或多语者具有更良好的认知能力。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，爱丁堡大学的研究者们通过对比数据的方式来获得研究结果，他们对比了262名研究对象11岁和70多岁时认知能力的变化。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段Alvaro Pascual-Leone博士说的话可以推断，他认为这项研究是有价值的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jessika Kattah虽然身体残疾，却敢于参加模拟跳伞运动。她通过自己的经历，鼓励人们要勇于挑战自我。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，All Abilities Night这一活动是室内进行的模拟跳伞活动，每个月的第二个星期四进行，专门为残疾人提供特殊服务。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，大部分人出来后都是面带笑容，同时获得热烈的掌声。由此判断，大多数人都获得一种成就感。
7.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，Chuck Petscher认为，这一活动最吸引他的地方，是他能够像正常人一样被对待。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Kattah之所以分享自己的经历，主要是鼓励残疾人不要被身体和恐惧所束缚，应该去大胆尝试和冒险。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一只宠物猫在走失11年后，竟然又神奇地回到了主人身边。这是怎么回事呢？
9.A　Fiona Mutter是宠物猫Fergus的主人，在Fergus失踪后她认为它已经死了。
10.B　根据第三段中的I had a missed call last Saturday可知，这里Fiona Mutter有一个未接电话。missed call表示“未接电话”。
11.A　本句由However引起，表示转折，说明宠物猫Fergus事实上平安无恙。
12.C　由于Fergus身上装有微芯片，宠物猫保护中心的志愿者设法找到了它的主人Fiona Mutter。
13.D　根据下文可知，Fiona是在接受Aberdeen Live的采访，所以这里是她在说话。
14.B　Fergus走失11年后还能平安回来，Fiona自然是非常吃惊的。
15.B　Fiona从来没有想到过Fergus竟然还能被找到。
16.C　根据上句I had a missed call last Saturday可知，宠物猫保护中心的人给Fiona打了电话。
17.A　Fiona原以为自己的猫已经死了，而事实上它却被宠物猫保护中心的人找到了。
18.D　宠物猫Fergus在Aberdeen这个宠物回收中心得到了工作人员很好的照顾，它被喂养并被提供睡觉的地方。
19.B　一名宠物猫保护中心的志愿者在Facebook上发现一个帖子。
20.D　这个帖子是在询问Fergus的主人是谁，也就是说Fergus属于谁。belong to表示“属于”。
21.A　在Fiona看来，Fergus的归来证明了给宠物装微芯片是多么重要。
22.A　Fiona接着说，她做梦也没想到她能够与Fergus重新团聚。
23.B　根据上文中的how important microchipping is for pets可知，给宠物装微芯片是多么重要。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄入过多糖对人体健康的危害，以及如何解决这个问题。
24.leaving　句中已有谓语动词goes，设空处应用非谓语动词，此处表示一种自然而然的结果应用动词-ing形式。故填leaving。
25.tasty　设空处作定语修饰名词foods，应用形容词。故填tasty。
26.are designed　设空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时；主语Our bodies和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are designed。
27.stored　分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，store和energy之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填stored。
28.the　此处very thing特指上文提到的sugar，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
29.solution　设空处应用名词作表语，结合is可知，应用名词的单数形式。故填solution。
30.to　from ...to ...为固定搭配。故填to。
31.who　设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰指人的先行词those，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词。故填who。
32.are growing　设空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和下文building可知，设空处应用现在进行时表示目前一段时间正在发生的动作，主语schools是复数，故填are growing。
33.facilities　此处应用名词作宾语，facility意为“设施；设备”时为可数名词，根据下文walking tracks 可知，这里应用复数形式。故填facilities。
6 / 6Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　EPIDEMICS EXPLAINED
　　[1]An epidemic① is the name given to an infectious② disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time — usually two weeks or less.Epidemics have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth. They can be caused by several different factors③， such as a virus④ being carried into an area， or changes in the way people live， like more people living in an area， [2]which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a virus or bacteria⑤.
　　[1]句中given to an infectious disease为动词-ed形式作定语，修饰the name； that rapidly spreads to ...为定语从句。
　　[2]句中which 引导非限制性定语从句。
　　Each disease can only officially⑥ be classified⑦ as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. The number of deaths is different for every disease. So a very rare⑧ disease will have a low baseline⑨ and just a few cases⑩ of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic； as opposed to more common diseases， such as the flu， that have a higher baseline. The common cold is a widespread virus that affects millions of people， but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification of an epidemic.
　　[3]With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past， Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.
　　Since bird flu first appeared in 1997， it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic， [4]especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.
　　One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE . [5]Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic， making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.Then， in the 1330s， this epidemic returned， this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death” because one visible symptom was black spots on the body.
　　[3]句中With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past 为with 复合结构，how 引导宾语从句。
　　[4]句中who have gone into ...为定语从句，修饰先行词scientists， who died of ... 为定语从句，修饰先行词people， that bird flu ...为宾语从句。
　　[5]句中that up to 50% of ...为宾语从句，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
　　Centuries later， the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918， also called the Spanish Flu， struck near the end of World WarⅠ. [6]Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.As a result of the war， more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months， the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. More people died of the flu than died in the war. [7]Initially， many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern.
　　[6]句中两个who均引导定语从句。
　　[7]句中that 引导宾语从句，when 引导时间状语从句。
　　The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province. It spread to Canada， Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003.SARS was examined by scientists， [8]who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.Infection rates went up steadily ， and in the course of the outbreak ， about 8，000 people were infected over nine months. Since the end of the SARS epidemic， scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks.
　　Then， from 2013 to 2016， there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease （EVD） in West Africa， [9]which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.11，310 deaths were officially recorded， but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas， [10]indicating that very few people got over it.
　　[8]句中who 引导非限制性定语从句。
　　[9]句中which 引导非限制性定语从句。
　　[10]句中indicating that very few people got over it 为动词-ing形式作状语。
　　[11]Despite， or perhaps because of， the epidemics the world has faced in recent years， governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
　　[11]句中the world has faced in recent years为省略了关系词that的定语从句，that they want thorough ...为that引导的同位语从句。
【读文清障】
①epidemic n.传染病，流行病
②infectious adj.传染的；传染性的；易传染的
③factor n.因素，要素
④virus n.病毒
⑤bacteria n.细菌
⑥officially adv.官方地，正式地
⑦classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类
be classified as ...
被归类为……
⑧rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的
⑨baseline n.（医学或科学中的）基线，准线
⑩case n.病例
opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
opposed to反对
widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的
classification n.归类，分类，分级
parallel n.（不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的）联系，相似adj.平行的
depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的
tissue n.组织
sample n.样本，样品
　vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查
CE　公元（用于日期后）
estimate vt.估计，估算
cause n.原因
visible adj.看得见的
symptom n.症状；征兆，症候
strike v. 侵袭，爆发
get through度过，熬过（困难时期等）
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
up to多达
pose vt.造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等） n.（为画像、拍照等而摆的）姿势，姿态
lung n.肺
last v.持续
steadily adv.稳定地
in the course of在……过程中；在……期间
outbreak n. （战争或疾病）爆发，突然发生
trial n.试验；审判，审理
actual adj.实际的，真实的
indicate vt.表明；指出；预示；象征
get over克服；恢复；熬过
underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的
systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的
come up with
找出，提出，想出
globe n.地球，世界；地球仪
【参考译文】
　　流行病是指在短时间内（通常两周或更短）迅速在大量人群中传播的传染性疾病。自地球上有人类生活以来，流行病就一直存在。 它们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的改变，比如说某一地区居住的人群增多，从而增加了他们接触病毒或细菌的几率。
　　只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。每种疾病的死亡数量各不相同。罕见疾病的基线很低，即使某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为流行病；与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。普通感冒由一种广泛传播的病毒引起，可感染数百万人，但它并没严重到可以被称为流行病。
　　最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。
　　禽流感自1997年首次出现以来，已经夺去了一百多人的生命。科学家们仔细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本，证明禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本，许多人担心它可能会引起下一场全球流行病。
　　人类有记载的最早的流行病大约发生在公元500年至550年之间。现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病， 成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。接着，14世纪30年代，这一流行病又卷土重来，这次发生在亚洲，并迅速传播到欧洲。由于患者身上会出现明显的黑斑症状，这种流行病被称为“黑死病”。
　　几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙流感。刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。战争引发的人口流动前所未有，从而导致这一流行病蔓延到全世界。西班牙流感在18个月内造成5，000万人死亡，成为历史上最严重的流行病。死于该病的人比死于战争的人还要多。最初，人们以为这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成威胁，直至非典出现，再次让全球陷入担忧。
　　非典疫情始于2002年广东省的一例肺部疾病。后来蔓延到加拿大、越南和新加坡，并一直持续到2003年。科学家对这种新型疾病感到困惑，对SARS病毒进行检测，以期了解该病与致病原因的更多信息。非典的感染率不断上升，在爆发期九个月内感染了约8，000人。非典疫情结束后，科学家们一直在试验各种治疗手段，以防止未来疫情再爆发。
　　随后，2013年到2016年间，西非爆发了大规模传染病——埃博拉出血热 （EVD），夺去了这一地区多个国家的很多人的生命。官方统计的死亡人数为11，310人，而实际死亡人数可能要更高。该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%，也就是说很少有人能康复。
尽管（或者是因为）近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研究，以便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。这需要各个国家的共同努力，因为全球各国之间的团队合作才能拯救生命。
Step One：Pre-reading
　　　
What do you know about epidemics？ Tick （ √ ） the statements that you think are correct.
（　　）1.An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease.
（　　）2.An epidemic can affect a large number of people in a given population.
（　　）3.An epidemic can occur within a short period of time， usually two weeks or less.
（　　）4.An epidemic may spread to several countries or continents.
（　　）5.Some common viruses， such as the common cold， are not epidemics.
（　　）6.A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught in the past.
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A.The definition of epidemic diseases.
B.The ways of solving epidemic diseases.
C.The features of epidemic diseases.
D.The findings of epidemic diseases.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？（　　）
A.Epidemics are the only cause of the fall of the Roman Empire.
B.Bird flu has nothing to do with the Spanish Flu.
C.The Ebola Virus Disease broke out in West Africa.
D.The SARS epidemic swept through the whole Europe.
2.What is the author’s attitude towards man’s struggle against epidemics？（　　）
A.Positive.　　　　　B.Doubtful.
C.Critical. D.Hopeless.
3.How does the text develop？（　　）
A.In order of time. B.In order of space.
C.In order of logic. D.In order of place.
4.Which is this article most probably from？（　　）
A.An entertainment Web page.
B.The Nobel Prize Web page.
C.The Travel Web page.
D.The WHO Web page.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.品课文佳句
　Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing events.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1.An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time — usually two weeks or less.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
2.Despite， or perhaps because of， the epidemics the world has faced in recent years， governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Ⅲ.讨论
1.What should different countries do to prevent outbreaks of epidemics in the future？Why？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
2.What does the title mean？ What does the writer want to convey in the passage？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
核心词汇集释
variation n.变化物，变体；差异，变动
【教材原句】　A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught in the past.
一种新的流行病可能是人们过去感染的一种病毒的不同变种。
【用法】
（1）variety n.　　　　　 　多样化
a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的
（2）vary v. 改变，使多样化
vary with 随……而变化
vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等
（3）various adj. 不同的，各种各样的
【佳句】　Some students expressed their great concern for the situation of wild animals， and others put forward a wide variety of measures to protect them.
一些学生表达了他们对野生动物状况的极大关注，其他人提出了各种各样的措施来保护它们。 （动物保护）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Beijing is filled with people from 　　　　（vary） parts of China.
②The weather there varies 　　　　　　very cold to quite mild.
③We have varieties 　　　　　　flowers in our garden.
【写美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 makes it challenging to plan a vacation.
不同地区的气候变化使得规划度假变得具有挑战性。 （计划安排）
⑤Our customs 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我们的风俗习惯各不相同。
classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类
【教材原句】　Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。
【用法】
（1）classify sth by/according to ...
　　　　　　　　　　依据……分类
classify ...into ... 把……分类成……
classify ...as ... 把……分类为……
（2）classified adj. 分类的，归类的
classification n. 分类，归类，分级
【佳句】　Hundreds of new books need classifying and arranging in order on the shelves.
数以百计的新书需要分类并按顺序整理到书架上。 （事物介绍）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He glanced his eyes down the 　　　　　　（classify） advertisements while waiting for the bus.
②For the convenience of our 　　　　　　（classify）， any over eighteen years old is counted as an adult.
③Properties are classified 　　　　　　two main groups， physical and chemical properties.
【写美】　完成句子
④The librarians 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　novels.
图书馆管理员把这些书归类为小说。
opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
【教材原句】　...as opposed to more common diseases， such as the flu， that have a higher baseline.……与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。
【用法】
（1）be opposed to （doing） sth 反对（做）某事
（2）oppose vt. 反对；抵制
oppose （doing） sth 反对（做）某事
（3）opposing adj. （观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
【佳句】　Just as the pie chart shows， 70% of them oppose the view.
正如饼状图所示，70%的人反对这一观点。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On the other hand， there are those who are opposed 　　　　　　this view.
②Many local people opposed 　　　　　　（build） the new airport.
【写美】　句型转换
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
（把句①改为简单句）
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心
【教材原句】　Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。
【用法】
（1）be buried in＝bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
（2）bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
【佳句】　But he still refused to look at me， his head buried in his arms with a whispered “no”.He huddled like a wounded cat.
但他仍然拒绝看我，他的头埋在怀里，低声说“不”。他蜷缩成一团，像一只受伤的猫。 （动作、心理描写）
【点津】　 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
（1）be devoted to　　　　（2）be lost in
（3）be engaged in （4）be absorbed in
（5）focus/concentrate on
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting there， 　　　　　　（bury） her face in her hands.
②He sat at a wooden table and 　　　　　　　　　　（bury） in reading.
③He buried 　　　　　　（he） in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world.
【写美】　句式升级
④He sat at a wooden table， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（用动词-ed短语作状语改写句②）
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he knew nothing about the outside world.（用动词-ing短语作状语改写句③）
underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
【教材原句】　...governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics ...
……世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研究……
【用法】
（1）underline the importance of ...
　　　　　　　　　　　　强调……的重要性
（2）underlined adj. 有下画线的
the underlined word 有下画线的单词
【佳句】　We cannot underline the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 （现象介绍）
【点津】　 表示“强调”的词汇还有put emphasis on；emphasize；stress等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Translate the 　　　　　　（underline） sentence into Chinese.
②The report underlines the importance 　　　　　　preschool education.
【写美】　完成句子
③The teacher asked the students to take two coloured pens and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
老师要求学生拿出两支彩笔，分别在表示肯定和否定意义的词下面画线。 （事件描写）
重点句型解构
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】　With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past， Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.
最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。
【用法】
with＋宾语＋
【品悟】　Hearing my words， David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes.
听到我的话，大卫颤抖地转过身来，泪水从眼里流出来。 （动作、神情描写）
With the night approaching， Jane felt lonely and a little frightened and could not fall asleep.随着夜幕降临，简感到孤独，有点害怕，无法入睡。
【点津】　当with后的宾语和作宾语补足语的动词之间是主谓关系时，常用动词-ing形式；如果是动宾关系，则用动词-ed形式；动词不定式表示将来发生的动作。
【写美】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the little girl started to cry.
她周围有这么多陌生面孔，小女孩开始哭了起来。
②Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to Australia”，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by wildlife expert， Dr.Jim Smith.
我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”，由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the government needs to come up with some effective measures to deal with it.
空气污染越来越严重，政府需要想出一些有效的措施去处理这个问题。
Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　EPIDEMICSEXPLAINED
【文本透析·剖语篇】
Step One
1.√　2.√　3.√　4.√　5.√　6.√
Step Two
Ⅰ.D
Ⅱ.1－4　CAAD
Ⅲ.1.spreads　2.more positive future　3.history　
4.The Black Death　5.Teamwork
Step Three
Ⅰ.（1）An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time — usually two weeks or less.
（2）One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.
（3）Centuries later， the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918， also called the Spanish Flu， struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.
Ⅱ.1.流行病是指在短时间内（通常两周或更短）迅速在大量人群中传播的传染性疾病。
2.尽管（或者是因为）近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研究，以便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。
Ⅲ.1.Countries should work together to prevent outbreaks of epidemics in the future， because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.This is a good example of building a community with shared future for mankind.
2.The title means that the passage will explain questions about epidemics.The writer wants to convey the information that we are always on our way to find an explanation to epidemics so as to find cures.It also implies that epidemics occurred naturally and inevitably.We can only explain it， and cannot prevent it or stop it completely now.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①various　②from　③of
④The variation in climate across different regions
⑤vary from place to place
2.①classified　②classification　③into　
④classify these books as
3.①to　②building　③On the other hand， there are those opposed to this view.
4.①burying　②was buried　③himself　④buried in reading
⑤Burying himself in his lessons
5.①underlined　②of　③underline the positive and negative words respectively
重点句型解构
①With so many strange faces around her　
②with questions answered
③With air pollution getting worse
11 / 11(共111张PPT)
Section Ⅴ　
LESSON 3　EPIDEMICS EXPLAINED
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
　　[1]An epidemic① is the name given to an infectious② disease that
rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time —
usually two weeks or less.Epidemics have been happening for as long as
there have been people living on Earth. They can be caused by several
different factors③， such as a virus④ being carried into an area， or
changes in the way people live， like more people living in an area，
[2]which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a virus
or bacteria⑤.
　　[1]句中given to an infectious disease为动词-ed形式作定语，修饰
the name； that rapidly spreads to ...为定语从句。
　　[2]句中which 引导非限制性定语从句。
【读文清障】
①epidemic n.传染病，流行病
②infectious adj.传染的；传染性的；易传染的
③factor n.因素，要素
④virus n.病毒
⑤bacteria n.细菌
　　Each disease can only officially⑥ be classified⑦ as an epidemic once
a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. The number of
deaths is different for every disease. So a very rare⑧ disease will have a
low baseline⑨ and just a few cases⑩ of it in one place will be classified as
an epidemic； as opposed to more common diseases， such as the flu，
that have a higher baseline. The common cold is a widespread virus that
affects millions of people， but it is not seen as being a serious enough
condition to deserve the classification of an epidemic.
　　[3]With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and
killer epidemics of the past， Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing
history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive
future without epidemics.
　　Since bird flu first appeared in 1997， it has taken more than a
hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，
[4]especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue
samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu
have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.
　　One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500
and 550 CE . [5]Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s
population died from the epidemic， making it one of the main causes of
the fall of the Roman Empire.Then， in the 1330s， this epidemic
returned， this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became
known as “The Black Death” because one visible symptom was
black spots on the body.
　　[3]句中With recent press reports drawing parallels between
bird flu and killer epidemics of the past 为with 复合结构，how 引
导宾语从句。
　　[4]句中who have gone into ...为定语从句，修饰先行词
scientists， who died of ... 为定语从句，修饰先行词people，
that bird flu ...为宾语从句。
　　[5]句中that up to 50% of ...为宾语从句，making it one of
the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire为动词-ing形式作
结果状语。
⑥officially adv.官方地，正式地
⑦classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类
be classified as ... 被归类为……
⑧rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的
⑨baseline n.（医学或科学中的）基线，准线
⑩case n.病例
opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
opposed to反对
widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的
classification n.归类，分类，分级
parallel n.（不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的）联系，相似adj.
平行的
depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的
tissue n.组织
sample n.样本，样品
　vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查
CE　公元（用于日期后）
estimate vt.估计，估算
cause n.原因
visible adj.看得见的
symptom n.症状；征兆，症候
　　Centuries later， the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918， also called the
Spanish Flu， struck near the end of World WarⅠ. [6]Families who had
only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had
died of the disease.As a result of the war， more people were travelling
and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the
epidemic to spread worldwide. Having killed up to 50 million people in
18 months， the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe
epidemic in history. More people died of the flu than died in the war.
[7]Initially， many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed
a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern.
　　[6]句中两个who均引导定语从句。
　　[7]句中that 引导宾语从句，when 引导时间状语从句。
strike v. 侵袭，爆发
get through度过，熬过（困难时期等）
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
up to多达
pose vt.造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等） n.（为画像、拍
照等而摆的）姿势，姿态
　　The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in
Guangdong Province. It spread to Canada， Vietnam and Singapore and
lasted until 2003.SARS was examined by scientists， [8]who were
confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its
causes.Infection rates went up steadily ， and in the course of the
outbreak ， about 8，000 people were infected over nine months. Since
the end of the SARS epidemic， scientists have been doing trials on
treatments to prevent any future outbreaks.
　　Then， from 2013 to 2016， there was the most widespread outbreak
of the Ebola Virus Disease （EVD） in West Africa， [9]which resulted
in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.11，310
deaths were officially recorded， but the actual number of deaths is
probably much higher. The virus was extremely infectious and the survival
rate was as low as 30% in some areas， [10]indicating that very few
people got over it.
　　[8]句中who 引导非限制性定语从句。
　　[9]句中which 引导非限制性定语从句。
　　[10]句中indicating that very few people got over it 为动词-ing形式
作状语。
lung n.肺
last v.持续
steadily adv.稳定地
in the course of在……过程中；在……期间
outbreak n. （战争或疾病）爆发，突然发生
trial n.试验；审判，审理
actual adj.实际的，真实的
indicate vt.表明；指出；预示；象征
　　[11]Despite， or perhaps because of， the epidemics the world has
faced in recent years， governments worldwide have underlined the fact
that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics
to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.Countries
will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations
across the globe can save lives.
　　[11]句中the world has faced in recent years为省略了关系词that的
定语从句，that they want thorough ...为that引导的同位语从句。
get over克服；恢复；熬过
underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的
systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的
come up with 找出，提出，想出
globe n.地球，世界；地球仪
【参考译文】
　　流行病是指在短时间内（通常两周或更短）迅速在大量人群中传
播的传染性疾病。自地球上有人类生活以来，流行病就一直存在。 它
们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生
活方式的改变，比如说某一地区居住的人群增多，从而增加了他们接
触病毒或细菌的几率。
　　只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行
病。每种疾病的死亡数量各不相同。罕见疾病的基线很低，即使某一
地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为流行病；与此相反，常见疾病的
基线较高，如流感。普通感冒由一种广泛传播的病毒引起，可感染数
百万人，但它并没严重到可以被称为流行病。
　　最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做
对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远
离流行病的美好未来。
　　禽流感自1997年首次出现以来，已经夺去了一百多人的生命。科
学家们仔细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本，证明禽
流感是该病毒的现代变异版本，许多人担心它可能会引起下一场全球
流行病。
　　人类有记载的最早的流行病大约发生在公元500年至550年之间。
现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病， 成为罗
马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。接着，14世纪30年代，这一流行病又卷
土重来，这次发生在亚洲，并迅速传播到欧洲。由于患者身上会出现
明显的黑斑症状，这种流行病被称为“黑死病”。
　　几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又
称西班牙流感。刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的
亲人。战争引发的人口流动前所未有，从而导致这一流行病蔓延到全
世界。西班牙流感在18个月内造成5，000万人死亡，成为历史上最严
重的流行病。死于该病的人比死于战争的人还要多。最初，人们以为
这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成威胁，直至非典出现，再次让全
球陷入担忧。
　　非典疫情始于2002年广东省的一例肺部疾病。后来蔓延到加拿
大、越南和新加坡，并一直持续到2003年。科学家对这种新型疾病感
到困惑，对SARS病毒进行检测，以期了解该病与致病原因的更多信
息。非典的感染率不断上升，在爆发期九个月内感染了约8，000人。
非典疫情结束后，科学家们一直在试验各种治疗手段，以防止未来疫
情再爆发。
　　随后，2013年到2016年间，西非爆发了大规模传染病——埃博拉
出血热 （EVD），夺去了这一地区多个国家的很多人的生命。官方统
计的死亡人数为11，310人，而实际死亡人数可能要更高。该病毒传
染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%，也就是说很少有人能康复。
　　尽管（或者是因为）近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各国政府都
已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研究，以便尽快找出原
因并找到治疗方法。这需要各个国家的共同努力，因为全球各国之间
的团队合作才能拯救生命。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
Step One：Pre-reading
　　　
What do you know about epidemics？ Tick（ √ ） the statements that you
think are correct.
（　　）1.An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease.
√
（　　）2.An epidemic can affect a large number of people in a given
population.
（　　）3.An epidemic can occur within a short period of time， usually
two weeks or less.
（　　）4.An epidemic may spread to several countries or continents.
（　　）5.Some common viruses， such as the common cold， are not
epidemics.
（　　）6.A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that
people caught in the past.
√
√
√
√
√
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A. The definition of epidemic diseases.
B. The ways of solving epidemic diseases.
C. The features of epidemic diseases.
D. The findings of epidemic diseases.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？（　　）
A. Epidemics are the only cause of the fall of the Roman Empire.
B. Bird flu has nothing to do with the Spanish Flu.
C. The Ebola Virus Disease broke out in West Africa.
D. The SARS epidemic swept through the whole Europe.
2. What is the author’s attitude towards man’s struggle against
epidemics？（　　）
A. Positive. B. Doubtful.
C. Critical. D. Hopeless.
3. How does the text develop？（　　）
A. In order of time. B. In order of space.
C. In order of logic. D. In order of place.
4. Which is this article most probably from？（　　）
A. An entertainment Web page.
B. The Nobel Prize Web page.
C. The Travel Web page.
D. The WHO Web page.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and
fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.品课文佳句
　Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing events.







　（1）An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that
rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time —
usually two weeks or less.　
　（2）One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about
500 and 550 CE. 　
　（3）Centuries later， the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918， also called
the Spanish Flu， struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.　
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1. An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly
spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time —
usually two weeks or less.
句式分析
自主翻译

流行病是指在短时间内（通常两周或更短）迅速在大
量人群中传播的传染性疾病。　
2. Despite， or perhaps because of， the epidemics the world has faced in
recent years， governments worldwide have underlined the fact that
they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get
at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
句式分析
自主翻译


尽管（或者是因为）近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界
各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研究，以
便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。　
Ⅲ.讨论
1. What should different countries do to prevent outbreaks of epidemics in
the future？Why？




　Countries should work together to prevent outbreaks of epidemics in
the future， because teamwork among nations across the globe can save
lives.This is a good example of building a community with shared
future for mankind.　
2. What does the title mean？ What does the writer want to convey in the
passage？






　The title means that the passage will explain questions about
epidemics.The writer wants to convey the information that we are
always on our way to find an explanation to epidemics so as to find
cures.It also implies that epidemics occurred naturally and
inevitably.We can only explain it， and cannot prevent it or stop it
completely now.　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
核心词汇集释
variation n.变化物，变体；差异，变动
【教材原句】　A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus
that people caught in the past.
一种新的流行病可能是人们过去感染的一种病毒的不同变种。
【用法】
（1）variety n.　　　　　 　多样化
a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的
（2）vary v. 改变，使多样化
vary with 随……而变化
vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等
（3）various adj. 不同的，各种各样的
【佳句】　Some students expressed their great concern for the situation
of wild animals， and others put forward a wide variety of measures to
protect them.一些学生表达了他们对野生动物状况的极大关注，其他
人提出了各种各样的措施来保护它们。 （动物保护）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Beijing is filled with people from （vary） parts of China.
②The weather there varies very cold to quite mild.
③We have varieties flowers in our garden.
【写美】　完成句子
④ makes it
challenging to plan a vacation.
不同地区的气候变化使得规划度假变得具有挑战性。 （计划安排）
⑤Our customs .
我们的风俗习惯各不相同。
various　
from　
of　
The variation in climate across different regions　
vary from place to place　
classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类
【教材原句】　Each disease can only officially be classified as an
epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。
（1）classify sth by/according to ...　　依据……分类
classify ...into ... 把……分类成……
classify ...as ... 把……分类为……
（2）classified adj. 分类的，归类的
classification n. 分类，归类，分级
【用法】
【佳句】　Hundreds of new books need classifying and arranging in
order on the shelves.
数以百计的新书需要分类并按顺序整理到书架上。 （事物介绍）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He glanced his eyes down the （classify）
advertisements while waiting for the bus.
②For the convenience of our （classify）， any over
eighteen years old is counted as an adult.
classified　
classification　
③Properties are classified two main groups， physical and
chemical properties.
【写美】　完成句子
④The librarians novels.
图书馆管理员把这些书归类为小说。
into　
classify these books as　
opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
【教材原句】　...as opposed to more common diseases， such as the
flu， that have a higher baseline.……与此相反，常见疾病的基线较
高，如流感。
【用法】
（1）be opposed to （doing） sth 反对（做）某事
（2）oppose vt. 反对；抵制
oppose （doing） sth 反对（做）某事
（3）opposing adj. （观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
【佳句】　Just as the pie chart shows， 70% of them oppose the view.
正如饼状图所示，70%的人反对这一观点。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On the other hand， there are those who are opposed this view.
②Many local people opposed （build） the new airport.
【写美】　句型转换
③ （把句①
改为简单句）
to　
building　
On the other hand， there are those opposed to this view.　
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心
【教材原句】　Families who had only just got through the war now had
to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。
【用法】
（1）be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
（2）bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
【佳句】　But he still refused to look at me， his head buried in his
arms with a whispered “no”.He huddled like a wounded cat.
但他仍然拒绝看我，他的头埋在怀里，低声说“不”。他蜷缩成一
团，像一只受伤的猫。 （动作、心理描写）
【点津】　 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
（1）be devoted to （2）be lost in
（3）be engaged in （4）be absorbed in
（5）focus/concentrate on
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting there， （bury） her face in her
hands.
②He sat at a wooden table and （bury） in reading.
③He buried （he） in his lessons and knew nothing about
the outside world.
burying　
was buried　
himself　
④He sat at a wooden table， .（用动词-ed短语作
状语改写句②）
⑤ ， he knew nothing about the outside
world.（用动词-ing短语作状语改写句③）
buried in reading　
Burying himself in his lessons　
【写美】　句式升级
underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
【教材原句】　...governments worldwide have underlined the fact that
they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics ...
……世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研
究……
【用法】
（1）underline the importance of ...　强调……的重要性
（2）underlined adj. 有下画线的
the underlined word 有下画线的单词
【佳句】　We cannot underline the importance of protecting our eyes
too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 （现象介绍）
【点津】　 表示“强调”的词汇还有put emphasis on；emphasize；
stress等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Translate the （underline） sentence into Chinese.
②The report underlines the importance preschool education.
underlined　
of　
【写美】　完成句子
③The teacher asked the students to take two coloured pens
and .
老师要求学生拿出两支彩笔，分别在表示肯定和否定意义的词下面画
线。 （事件描写）
underline the positive and negative words respectively　
重点句型解构
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】　With recent press reports drawing parallels between
bird flu and killer epidemics of the past， Jim Smith looks at the
sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can
create a more positive future without epidemics.
最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对
比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离
流行病的美好未来。
【用法】
with＋宾语＋
【品悟】　Hearing my words， David turned to me tremblingly with
tears spilling out of his eyes.
听到我的话，大卫颤抖地转过身来，泪水从眼里流出来。 （动
作、神情描写）
With the night approaching， Jane felt lonely and a little
frightened and could not fall asleep.随着夜幕降临，简感到孤独，
有点害怕，无法入睡。
【点津】　当with后的宾语和作宾语补足语的动词之间是主谓关系
时，常用动词-ing形式；如果是动宾关系，则用动词-ed形式；动词不
定式表示将来发生的动作。
【写美】　完成句子
① ， the little girl started to
cry.
她周围有这么多陌生面孔，小女孩开始哭了起来。
With so many strange faces around her　
②Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to Australia”，
by wildlife expert， Dr.Jim Smith.
我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”，由野生动物专家吉
姆·史密斯博士回答问题。
③ ， the government needs to come
up with some effective measures to deal with it.
空气污染越来越严重，政府需要想出一些有效的措施去处理这个
问题。
with questions
answered　
With air pollution getting worse　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The （实际的） cost was higher than we expected.
2. He is optimistic that his government will be able to manage
the （爆发） effectively.
3. The interviews were given to a random （样本） of
students.
4. Hackers are said to have started a computer （病毒）.
actual　
outbreak　
sample　
virus　
5. Physical activity is an important （因素） in maintaining
fitness.
6. The plan received （广泛的） support throughout the
country.
7. Read the whole passage and u the new words and
expressions.
8. She was strongly o to her husband taking this trip.
factor　
widespread　
nderline　
pposed　
维度二：词形转换
1. They went about their business in a （system） way.
2. The work had not been done very （thorough）.
3. （estimate） of our total world sales are around 50
million.
4. The garden offers a （vary） of attractions.
5. Doing garbage （classify） in a right way can turn
waste into wealth， which will benefit us a lot.
systematic　
thoroughly　
Estimations　
variety　
classification　
6. His mother had （rare） criticized him or any of her other
children.
7. The college is not an （official） recognised English
language school.
8. Mastering English can help us gain （globe） perspectives
as well as drawing inspiration from the world.
rarely　
officially　
global　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. The novel written by him （被归类为） a science
fiction.
2. The young boy has （各种各样的爱好），
such as listening to classical music and painting.
3. The majority of people （反对） building a
chemical factory near the village.
is classified as　
a variety of hobbies　
are opposed to　
4. The girl （双手掩面）， afraid to
watch the frightening scene.
5. He fell asleep soon （关着窗户）.
6. The child slipped and fell， （头
撞到了门上）.
buried her face in her hands　
with the window closed　
hitting his head against the door　
维度四：课文语法填空
　　An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease 1.
rapidly spreads to a large number of people within two weeks or less.Each
disease can only 2. （official） be classified as an epidemic
once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.Just a few
cases of a very rare disease in one place will be classified as an epidemic.
that　
officially　
　　One of the earliest epidemics 3. record happened between
about 500 and 550 CE. Then， in the 1330s， this epidemic returned，
this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The
Black Death” because one 4. （vision） symptom was black
spots on the body.Centuries later， the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918， also
5.
on　
visible　
（call） the Spanish Flu， struck near the end of World War
Ⅰ.Scientists who have gone into detail 6. （study） tissue
samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have
proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.Initially， many
people believed that such epidemics no longer posed 7. threat until
the SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in
Guangdong Province. It spread to Canada， Vietnam and Singapore and
lasted 8. 2003.Then， from 2013 to 2016， there was the most
widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease （EVD） in West Africa.
called　
studying　
a　
until　
　　Despite the epidemics the world 9. （face） in recent
years， governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want
thorough and 10. （system） medical research on
epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as
possible.Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork
among nations across the globe can save lives.
has faced　
systematic　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Learning a second language can have a positive effect on the brain，
even if it is taken up in adulthood， a University of Edinburgh study
suggests.
Researchers found that reading， verbal fluency and intelligence were
improved in a study of 262 people tested either aged 11 or in their
seventies.
A previous study suggested that being bilingual could delay the
beginning of dementia （痴呆） by several years. The big question in this
study was whether learning a new language improved cognitive functions
or whether individuals with better cognitive abilities were more likely to
become bilingual.
Dr.Thomas Bak， from the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology at the University of Edinburgh， said he believed
he had found the answer.
Using data from intelligence tests on 262 Edinburgh-born individuals
at the age of 11， the study looked at how their cognitive abilities had
changed when they were tested again in their seventies.
According to the research， all participants said they were able to
communicate in at least one language other than English. Of that group，
195 learned the second language before the age of 18， and 65 learned it
after that time.
The findings indicate that those who spoke two or more languages had
significantly better cognitive abilities compared to what would have been
expected from their baseline test. The strongest effects were seen in
general intelligence and reading. The effects were present in those who
learned their second language early， as well as later in life.
Dr.Bak said the pattern they found was “meaningful” and the
improvements in attention， focus and fluency could not be explained by
original intelligence. These findings are of considerable practical
relevance.
Dr.Alvaro Pascual-Leone， professor of medicine at Harvard
Medical School in Boston， US， said：“The study provides an
important first step in understanding the impact of learning a second
language and the ageing brain. This research paves the way for future
causal studies of bilingualism and cognitive decline prevention.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。爱丁堡大学的一项研究发现，学习
第二语言有助于大脑的健康，即使人们在成年开始学习第二语言。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。爱丁堡大学的一项研究发现，学习
第二语言有助于大脑的健康，即使人们在成年开始学习第二语言。
1. According to Paragraph 3， the previous study failed to 　　　　.
（　　）
A. find the benefits of being bilingual
B. find the benefits of good cognitive functions
C. prove the relationship between more languages and higher intelligence
D. prove the relationship between being bilingual and better cognitive
abilities
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，以前的研究没有证明使
用双语和认知能力高之间的因果关系，也就是没有明确两者孰为
因、孰为果。
2. What does Dr.Thomas Bak’s “answer” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
（　　）
A. Being bilingual benefits the ageing brain.
B. Being bilingual delays the coming of dementia.
C. People who are bilingual are less likely to suffer from dementia.
D. People with better cognitive abilities are more likely to become
bilingual.
解析： 　词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，Thomas Bak博士的研究
明确证明：使用双语或多语者具有更良好的认知能力。
3. How did the researchers at the University of Edinburgh get the result of
their study？（　　）
A. By studying some facts.
B. By comparing some data.
C. By analysing some reports.
D. By doing some experiments.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，爱丁堡大学的研究者们
通过对比数据的方式来获得研究结果，他们对比了262名研究对象
11岁和70多岁时认知能力的变化。
4. What did Dr.Alvaro Pascual-Leone think of Dr.Thomas Bak’s
research？（　　）
A. Practical. B. Valuable.
C. Scientific. D. Interesting.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段Alvaro Pascual-Leone博士说
的话可以推断，他认为这项研究是有价值的。
B
　　When Jessika Kattah was put in a wheelchair， she knew she
wouldn’t be able to walk again.
　　But she could still fly.
　　Kattah and other disabled people have found a home once a month at
iFly， an indoor skydiving center in Davie，US. Every second Thursday
of the month， iFly hosts All Abilities Night， at which individuals with
physical challenges can safely try the free-fall simulation （模拟） in a
giant wind tunnel.
　　And if you’re thinking that floating in a giant wind tunnel is nothing
like jumping out of an airplane， Kattah is happy to tell you that you’re
wrong.
　　“You definitely get that feeling of flying，” said Kattah， who did
skydiving twice.“But the fact that I’m able to get out of my chair makes
it so great.You forget about your disability； you’re just like everybody
else.”
　　The experience is safe and almost anyone can participate.Few people
come out without a big smile on their face， and there will be applause
from the people sitting in the observation area.
　　Chuck Petscher， who is blind， had never been the type of person to
try anything risky.But recently he decided to give indoor skydiving a
shot.“I’ll do this， but I’m not jumping out of an airplane，” he
joked.
“When you’re disabled， you usually have to do things in a
different way from everybody else，” he said.“Here， you’re doing
what everybody else is doing.That’s what turned me on to it.”
This is also why Kattah has started sharing her experiences on a
blog.She wants to send a message to people like her that even though they
may feel restricted by their disability， they can always do something they
never thought they’d be able to do.
“If you want to do something， just do it.Don’t let fear guide
you.In the end， you’re going to be so happy you did it，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jessika Kattah虽然身体残疾，却敢于
参加模拟跳伞运动。她通过自己的经历，鼓励人们要勇于挑战自
我。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jessika Kattah虽然身体残疾，却敢于
参加模拟跳伞运动。她通过自己的经历，鼓励人们要勇于挑战自
我。
5. What’s special about All Abilities Night？（　　）
A. One can travel on an airplane.
B. One can jump out of an airplane.
C. It takes place four times a month.
D. It offers special service for the disabled.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，All Abilities Night这一
活动是室内进行的模拟跳伞活动，每个月的第二个星期四进行，专
门为残疾人提供特殊服务。
6. After experiencing skydiving， most people will 　　　　.（　　）
A. feel regretful
B. feel frightened
C. get a sense of achievement
D. get a sense of responsibility
解析： 　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，大部分人出来后都是面
带笑容，同时获得热烈的掌声。由此判断，大多数人都获得一种成
就感。
7. Why did Chuck Petscher try indoor skydiving？（　　）
A. He wanted to be appreciated.
B. He liked showing off in public.
C. He could be treated as equals.
D. He was interested in adventures.
解析： 　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，Chuck Petscher认
为，这一活动最吸引他的地方，是他能够像正常人一样被对待。
8. Why does Kattah share her experience on her blog？（　　）
A. To share her joy and excitement.
B. To promote the skydiving center.
C. To offer some suggestions for the disabled.
D. To encourage others to challenge themselves.
解析： 　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Kattah之所以分享自
己的经历，主要是鼓励残疾人不要被身体和恐惧所束缚，应该去大
胆尝试和冒险。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　A couple have been reunited with their missing cat more than a
decade after he went missing from their northeastern home.
　　Fiona Mutter， 45， 　9　 her beloved cat Fergus had been dead
after receiving a missed 　10　 from Cats Protection. However， the cat
was found 　11　 in Aberdeen — almost 80 miles away from her home in
Forres， Moray.
Cats Protection volunteers 　12　 to find Fiona thanks to Fergus，
now aged 14， being microchipped （装微芯片）. 　13　 to Aberdeen
Live， Fiona said， “We are still just completely 　14　. Fergus went
missing 11 years ago and we never thought he would be 　15　. I had a
missed call last Saturday from the lost and found at Cats Protection. I
thought they had maybe found his body and that they were 　16　 to tell
me he was dead， but they had 　17　 found him.”
Since September， Fergus was being 　18　 and given a place to
sleep by staff at Aberdeen’s recycling centre. A Cats Protection volunteer
this month spotted a Facebook 　19　 from a concerned member of the
public in October asking if Fergus 　20　 anyone.
The volunteer managed to hand Fergus over to his surprised family
last Saturday. Fiona says Fergus’ 　21　 proves how important
microchipping is for pets. “Never in a million years did I 　22　 we
would be reunited with him. It just shows you how 　23　 microchipping
is，” she said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一只宠物猫在走失11年后，竟然又
神奇地回到了主人身边。这是怎么回事呢？
9. A. thought B. expected
C. proposed D. confirmed
解析： 　Fiona Mutter是宠物猫Fergus的主人，在Fergus失踪后她
认为它已经死了。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一只宠物猫在走失11年后，竟然又
神奇地回到了主人身边。这是怎么回事呢？
10. A. letter B. call C. gift D. text
解析： 　根据第三段中的I had a missed call last Saturday可知，
这里Fiona Mutter有一个未接电话。missed call表示“未接电
话”。
11. A. safe B. naughty
C. weak D. unhealthy
解析：A　本句由However引起，表示转折，说明宠物猫Fergus事
实上平安无恙。
12. A. requested B. intended
C. managed D. demanded
解析： 　由于Fergus身上装有微芯片，宠物猫保护中心的志愿者
设法找到了它的主人Fiona Mutter。
13. A. Turning B. Changing
C. Moving D. Speaking
解析： 　根据下文可知，Fiona是在接受Aberdeen Live的采访，
所以这里是她在说话。
14. A. confused B. surprised
C. worried D. disappointed
解析： 　Fergus走失11年后还能平安回来，Fiona自然是非常吃
惊的。
15. A. caught B. found
C. raised D. injured
解析： 　Fiona从来没有想到过Fergus竟然还能被找到。
16. A. writing B. texting
C. phoning D. coming
解析： 　根据上句I had a missed call last Saturday可知，宠物猫
保护中心的人给Fiona打了电话。
17. A. actually B. normally
C. gradually D. basically
解析： 　Fiona原以为自己的猫已经死了，而事实上它却被宠物
猫保护中心的人找到了。
18. A. treated B. cured
C. checked D. fed
解析： 　宠物猫Fergus在Aberdeen这个宠物回收中心得到了工作
人员很好的照顾，它被喂养并被提供睡觉的地方。
19. A. article B. post
C. comment D. notice
解析： 　一名宠物猫保护中心的志愿者在Facebook上发现一个
帖子。
20. A. took after B. ran across
C. turned down D. belonged to
解析： 　这个帖子是在询问Fergus的主人是谁，也就是说Fergus
属于谁。belong to表示“属于”。
21. A. return B. loss
C. recovery D. departure
解析： 　在Fiona看来，Fergus的归来证明了给宠物装微芯片是
多么重要。
22. A. imagine B. suggest
C. realise D. predict
解析： 　Fiona接着说，她做梦也没想到她能够与Fergus重新
团聚。
23. A. interesting B. important
C. common D. popular
解析： 　根据上文中的how important microchipping is for pets可
知，给宠物装微芯片是多么重要。
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an
addiction.When we eat or drink sugary foods， the sugar enters our blood
and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good.Then the good feeling
goes away， 24. 　　　　　　 （leave） us wanting more.All
25. 　　　　　　 （taste） foods do this， but sugar has a particularly
strong effect.In this way， it is in fact an addictive drug， one that
doctors recommend we all cut down on.
　　Our bodies 26. 　　　　　　 （design） to survive on very little
sugar.Early humans often had very little food， so our bodies learned to
be very efficient in storing sugar as fat.In this way， we had energy
27. 　　　　　　 （store） for when there was no food.But today，
most people have more than enough.So 28. 　　　　　　 very thing that
once saved us may now be killing us.
　　So what is the 29. 　　　　　　 （solve）？ It’s obvious that we
need to eat less sugar.The trouble is， in today’s world， it’s
extremely difficult to avoid.From breakfast cereals 30. 　　　　　　
after-dinner desserts， our foods are increasingly filled with it.Some
manufacturers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised
as low in fat.
　　But there are those 31. 　　　　　　 are fighting back against
sugar.Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options
like fruit.Other schools 32. 　　　　　　 （grow） their own food in
gardens， or building 33. 　　　　　　 （facility） like walking tracks
so students and others in the community can exercise.The battle has not
yet been lost.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄入过多糖对人体
健康的危害，以及如何解决这个问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄入过多糖对人体
健康的危害，以及如何解决这个问题。
24. leaving　句中已有谓语动词goes，设空处应用非谓语动词，此处
表示一种自然而然的结果应用动词-ing形式。故填leaving。
25. tasty　设空处作定语修饰名词foods，应用形容词。故填tasty。
26. are designed　设空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实应用一般现
在时；主语Our bodies和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填
are designed。
27. stored　分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足
语，store和energy之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故
填stored。
28. the　此处very thing特指上文提到的sugar，应用定冠词修饰。故填
the。
29. solution　设空处应用名词作表语，结合is可知，应用名词的单数
形式。故填solution。
30. to　from ...to ...为固定搭配。故填to。
31. who　设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰指人的先行词those，且
从句缺少主语，应用关系代词。故填who。
32. are growing　设空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和下文building可
知，设空处应用现在进行时表示目前一段时间正在发生的动作，主语
schools是复数，故填are growing。
33. facilities　此处应用名词作宾语，facility意为“设施；设备”时为
可数名词，根据下文walking tracks 可知，这里应用复数形式。故填
facilities。
谢谢观看！

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