资源简介

Section Ⅳ　LESSON 2　COMMUNITY SPIRIT
维度一：品句填词
1.As they approached the 　　　　　　（郊区） of the city， Ella’s mood visibly lightened.
2.The town’s main 　　　　　　（特征） are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.
3.He is 　　　　　　（尊敬） as a very aggressive and competitive executive.
4.A growing number of h　　　　　　 have at least one computer.
5.The agreement strengthened the b　　　　　　 between the two countries.
维度二：词形转换
1.　　　　　　 （additional），it is vital for the waiters to use gestures when serving deaf-mute customers or those with hearing problems.
2.The law states that the more 　　　　　　（frequent） a word is used in any language，the shorter it tends to be.
3.She had noted down the names and she told me the story simply and 　　　　　　（factual）.
4.An insecure computer system is an open door to 　　　　　　（crime）.
5.She was unable to attend because of the 　　　　　（press） of work.
6.It’s 　　　　　　（tradition） in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
7.We have provided seats for the 　　　　　　（convenient） of our customers.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（依旧参加志愿者工作） to promote local products.
2.I have learned that the exhibition 　　　　　　　　（由……组成） dozens of masterpieces painted by Chinese famous artists.
3.They were caught in the rain and， 　　　　　　　　　　　　（结果）， they all caught colds.
4.I like reading and hiking.　　　　　　　　　 （此外）， I am a big fan of basketball.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　A team of scientists plans to explore a little-known part of the ocean.The scientists will enter what they call the “Midnight Zone” of the Indian Ocean.It is an area at a depth of about 1，000 meters below the surface where light does not reach.The project is expected to begin on 16 March and to last about five weeks.The scientists aim to explore huge underwater mountains also known as seamounts.
　　The scientists involved in the project are part of Nekton， an ocean research group that works with the University of Oxford in Britain.They are working with the Seychelles’ and Maldives’ governments in an effort to protect ocean areas.
　　Oliver Steeds is the director of the Nekton effort.He told the Associated Press that the area his team will explore is home to many forms of life.“What we do know is that beneath 1，000 meters， there’s no light down there， but a lot of animals ...are shining，” he said.
　　The Nekton scientists will be using one of the most modern deep sea submarines （潜水艇） in the world.It is named Limiting Factor.
　　Last August， the Limiting Factor completed another project： to dive to the deepest point in each of the world’s five oceans.That effort was called the Five Deeps Expedition.The deepest of these dives took the submarine to nearly 11，000 meters below sea level.
　　Robert McCallum is the leader of the expedition.He said vehicles that can dive deep into the ocean are rare.
　　The scientists will use sensors and mapping technology to identify new species and landforms deep beneath the sea.But， they also want to observe the effects humans have on the deep sea environment.They will be trying to measure the presence of plastic pollution and possible effects of climate change.
1.What is the purpose of Nekton？（　　）
A.To protect the sea. B.To explore seamounts.
C.To discover new species. D.To research ocean animals.
2.What is special about the “Midnight Zone”？（　　）
A.It’s complete dark. B.There are some lights.
C.It’s 11，000 meters deep. D.There are no plants or animals.
3.What can we learn about the Limiting Factor？（　　）
A.It will be used for the first time.
B.It met with some failure last year.
C.It can take people to travel around the world.
D.It can reach as deep as nearly 11，000 meters.
4.What do the scientists want to know through the research？（　　）
A.How new species live in the ocean.
B.How human activities affect the sea.
C.What makes life possible under the sea.
D.What effects the ocean has on Earth.
B
　　Since bike-sharing company Mobike withdrew from the Singapore market，a businessman Win was sad to see mountains of thrown-away bicycles.The manufacturing of these bicycles can cost from 300 to 500 per unit and a lot of natural resources are now left to waste and sent to be recycled or just simply left rusting （生锈） somewhere else.
　　Win then thought about all the young village children he had seen walking to school during his road trips through Myanmar in the past.He was suddenly struck with an inspiration.
　　“It’s a common sight to see many students walking long distances from home to school in villages，” said Win.“Some students can walk up to one hour from home to school and the families can hardly afford a simple form of transport like bicycle or motorcycle.They have never heard of school buses.”
　　Win then started the LessWalk non-profit organisation so that he could buy Mobike’s unused bicycles and donate them to schoolchildren.The project actually needs a lot of money.In addition to replacing ride-sharing electrical system with regular key locks， Win says that it’s not an easy job to ship the bikes from Singapore to Myanmar.But Win is delighted to report that he has successfully shipped and received about 4，700 new bikes with 5，300 more already on the way.
　　All bicycles are free for students who live below the poverty line in Myanmar and need to walk 2 kilometers to school.The organisation has been provided money from donations， but the main part of their 400，000 funds has come straight from Win’s pocket.
5.What can we learn from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Win wants to help Mobike get their bicycles recycled.
B.The production of these bicycles is a waste of money.
C.These shared bicycles cause damage to the environment.
D.The thrown-away bicycles actually cost a lot of money.
6.How did Win know the village children’s poor condition？（　　）
A.He once made road trips there.
B.He visited them in the past.
C.Someone told him about it.
D.He once had his own business there.
7.What can we infer about Win’s project？（　　）
A.He got most of the bikes from Mobike for free.
B.He got most of the money from donations.
C.He overcame many difficulties in the process.
D.He wasn’t sure about the project in the beginning.
8.Which can be a suitable title for the passage？（　　）
A.The Growth of a Non-profit Organisation
B.Keeping Unused Shared Bikes Valuable
C.Donating New Bikes to Schoolchildren
D.The Pleasure of Riding Shared Bikes
C
　　When it comes to career choice， you often hear a particular piece of advice.You may have given it to someone else or you may have heard it yourself： Do what you love.
　　The optimism behind this advice is well-intentioned， however， it raises a lot of questions.The biggest one is “What is passion？ What does it mean to be passionate？”
　　Allison E McWilliams Ph.D.wrote an interesting part about our relationship to work.She described three key work orientations（方向）： Job orientation — work is a means to an end， allowing you to pursue other things in life.Career orientation — care about work that allows the person to get promoted.Calling orientation — the work you do creates your identity and meaning.
　　The point here is that while some of us may not be passionate about the work， you are doing the work for a reason.The advice of “doing what you love” falls more into a calling orientation.
　　After all， there is nothing wrong with any of these orientations.Neither one of them is superior to the others.This can lead to confusion amongst people because they may have worked for completely different reasons.
　　Following the advice of doing what you love feels great at first， but it can be short-lived.It is because every job out there is going to have a sore spot.There is going to be something you have to do that makes it feel like busywork rather than something you are passionate about.It becomes a chore and， in turn， you could lose the passion that is driving you forward to that path.
　　This raises another point.Perhaps you have too many passions and you get lost， confused or frustrated with what you are trying to do.Or maybe you run into something that changes how you view your passion.For example， cooking is a great passion.But if you decide to become a chef， you would be subject to making the same dishes constantly with little variety.
9.What is the author’s top puzzle about the advice of “doing what you love”？（　　）
A.The definition of passion.
B.The diversity of passion.
C.Where passion comes from.
D.Why we do the work on earth.
10.What does the author think of the three key work orientations？（　　）
A.All of them are equal and reasonable.
B.None of them reflect your true passion.
C.One with job orientation focuses on job itself.
D.One with career orientation has a passion for his work.
11.What does the underlined phrase “a sore spot” in Paragraph 6 mean？（　　）
A.Something that is special.
B.Something that is difficult.
C.Something that annoys you.
D.Something that attracts you.
12.What does the author want to convey by giving the example of cooking？（　　）
A.We may don’t know our passions.
B.Our passions can become careers.
C.It is difficult to maintain our passions.
D.Our attitude to our passions can change.
D
　　People experience emotional pain — often in the form of guilt — when spending money.This is called the moral tax or pain of payment.We can reduce this guilt by separating the enjoyment of a purchase from its payment.However， the best way to reduce moral tax is by receiving a gift — an item you didn’t have to pay for at all！
　　As a result， the best gifts are items that normally bring particularly high levels of moral tax.This may include luxury goods that appear overpriced and unjustified and therefore induce particularly bad feelings of guilt upon purchase.
　　Curiously， it’s not about the actual amount of money spent.What matters most are the emotions brought by the gift （or the guilt taken away）.Consider the following example as an illustration.
　　For weeks， Anne has had her eye on a pair of designer boots.They look incredibly stylish and go beautifully with her new winter coat.She’s got enough money to pay for the boots but doesn’t think the purchase is justified.After all， she already owns three other pairs of winter footwear.Still， Anne makes sure to mention the boots to her husband Alex， and on Christmas morning she is overjoyed to unwrap a large box containing the boots.She is delighted with the gift even though Alex bought it from their joint bank account.
　　Looking at it from an economic point of view， Anne’s delight doesn’t make any sense.Since she shares a bank account with her husband， it doesn’t matter who buys the boots.The financial loss is the same either way.How can Anne be happy with Alex making a purchase she previously thought unnecessary？ Why， it all comes down to moral tax.By making the payment on Anne’s behalf， Alex cuts her wife’s pain of payment.Anne gets to enjoy her precious boots guilt-free.
　　The psychology of financial choices suggests that the best gifts are things that people really want but deny themselves to avoid feeling guilty.What are your partner’s secret wants and guilty pleasures？ Unfortunately， that’s the one question you need to answer yourself.
13.What do we know about the best gifts according to the author？（　　）
A.They bring no feeling of guilt.
B.They bring much pain of payment.
C.They are usually cheap but excellent.
D.They make you feel good upon purchase.
14.Why does Anne not buy the boots herself？（　　）
A.She doesn’t like them indeed.
B.She can’t find enough reasons.
C.She decides to put off satisfaction.
D.She wants a gift from her husband.
15.What will an economist think of Anne’s delight？（　　）
A.Unreal. B.Interesting.
C.Ridiculous. D.Reasonable.
16.What is the key to Anne’s delight？（　　）
A.Avoiding the bad feeling. B.Not spending her money.
C.Receiving an unexpected gift. D.Getting what she really wants.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Personal profiles are an excellent way to express information into a simple format.Here are some basic steps that you’ll want to follow.
　　Share positive things， but not excessive.Everyone has problems， but no one wants to read a bunch of negative soul-searching.Don’t complain， or endlessly describe your health problems， relationship dramas， kid problems， etc.17.（　　）
　　Take pride in who you are and what you are all about.It isn’t helpful to criticize yourself.It makes people uncomfortable and it’s annoying to feel that you have to build up another person’s value constantly.18.（　　） No one can get close to you.The girl who says she is fat and shy relentlessly will turn people away.
　　19.（　　） There are groups who believe that their jobs are to convert the world to their ways of thinking.Although it may seem urgent， the personal profile is not the venue to boast.It will not promote your message in a healthy way.
　　Don’t advertise or sell.20.（　　） The personal profile is about you and should not be used to make money.The sites you use may put ads on， but that is how they generate funds to keep the sites free.
　　21.（　　） This is your own little message to the world.If you use other people’s tips to make a profile， everyone can enjoy the benefits.
A.Write in outline format.
B.Don’t say it in a long sentence.
C.It’s important to seek help before writing.
D.Don’t use your profile as a place to show off.
E.Self-criticism is really a form of control over others.
F.If you need customers， use a known business network.
G.People who do this have warning signs on their profiles.
Section Ⅳ　LESSON 2　COMMUNITY SPIRIT
基础知识自测
维度一
1.outskirts　2.features　3.respected　4.households　5.bonds
维度二
1.Additionally　2.frequently　3.factually　4.criminals
5.pressure　6.traditional　7.convenience
维度三
1.is still involved in voluntary work
2.consists of
3.as a consequence
4.In addition
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些科学家将潜入印度洋1，000米的深处，探索人类活动对海洋的影响。
1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Nekton是一个海洋研究小组，其根本目的是保护海洋。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，虽然海底1，000米深处自然光无法到达，但是一些海洋动物自身会发光。
3.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，这种潜水艇可以潜入到海底接近11，000米的深处。
4.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，科学家的主要目的是发现新的海洋生物，同时了解人类活动（塑料污染及气候变化）对海洋环境的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Win成立了一个非营利组织，用募捐到的钱和他自己的钱购买共享单车并捐赠给缅甸贫困地区的孩子们。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The manufacturing of these bicycles can cost from 300 to 500 per unit and a lot of natural resources are now left to waste可知，这些被丢弃的共享单车造价不菲。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Win因为曾经自驾游时路过那里而得知这些孩子们的状况。
7.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的In addition to replacing ride-sharing electrical system ...with 5，300 more already on the way.可知，Win在此过程中遇到了许多困难，但是全被他克服了。
8.B　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文讲述了Win因为不忍心看到那么多共享单车被浪费，便成立了一个非营利组织，购买共享单车并捐赠给缅甸贫困地区孩子们的故事。因此B项作为标题最合适。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们经常听到的一条求职建议——做你喜欢的事。可是，作者对此有不同的看法。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，关于这条求职建议，作者最大的疑问是：究竟如何定义“热情”。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，作者认为，这三种职业选择方向都没有任何问题，也没有孰高孰低的区别，都是平等且合理的。
11.C　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，这里作者表达的意思是：做你喜欢的工作，刚开始我们可能感觉很好，但时间长了就会慢慢厌倦。也就是说，每一种工作有其令人烦恼的地方。
12.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者举烹饪一例，是为了说明当我们所热爱的事变为一种职业时，我们对待自己所热爱事物的态度也会慢慢发生变化。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了一个全新的概念——moral tax。它指人们在消费时伴随金钱损失出现的内疚等负面情绪。文中Anne通过一种巧妙的办法，既获得了自己想要的商品，同时避免了moral tax。
13.B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在作者看来，我们想要的最佳礼物通常是标价较高、感觉有点奢侈的商品，同时会带给我们较高的道德税和支付时的内疚感。用最简单的话概括，就是我们自己舍不得花钱买、又特别想得到的东西。
14.B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Anne非常喜欢一双靴子，但她不能下决心购买，因为她已经有三双靴子。也就是说她没有足够的理由来说服自己作出购买决定。
15.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，从经济学的角度来看，Anne的快乐没有任何道理，因为她丈夫买和她自己买都是花他们的共有财产。
16.A　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，Anne快乐的关键，在于她避开了自己掏钱买靴子时必然出现的内疚感、负罪感等负面情绪。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。个人简介是用简单的格式表达信息的一种极好的方式。文章主要介绍了一些写个人资料要遵循的基本步骤。
17.G　上文提到了不要抱怨或没完没了地描述你的健康问题、感情困扰、孩子问题等。设空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明原因，故G项符合语境。
18.E　本段的中心思想是不要自我批评。下文提到没人能接近你，说明自我批评可能导致他人无法靠近，是一种控制他人的形式。故E项符合语境，E项中的Self-criticism对应上文中的criticize yourself。
19.D　本段的中心思想是不要把个人资料作为自我夸耀的方式。故D项符合语境，D项中的show off对应下文中的boast。
20.F　本段第一句的建议是不要把个人资料拿来做广告或销售，可推测本句应该说明获得商业客户的正确做法，故F项符合语境。
21.C　根据下文可知，本段的建议是在写个人资料前寻求帮助。故C项（在写之前寻求帮助是很重要的）符合语境。
6 / 6Section Ⅳ　LESSON 2　COMMUNITY SPIRIT
　　　　　　　　　　　　　听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.参加；参与 　　　　　　　
2.以……为基础 　　　　　　　　
3.保护……免受…… 　　　　　　　
4.与……亲密 　　　　　　　
5.对……友好 　　　　　　　
6.互相照顾 　　　　　　　
7.传统的社会关系 　　　　　　　
8.由三代人组成 　　　　　　　
9.保持传统的生活方式 　　　　　　　
10.typical single-family houses 　　　　　　　
11.the same as the average 　　　　　　　
12.pay quite a few visits to a small town 　　　　　　　
13.die of old age rather than from illness 　　　　　　　
14.live in a closely-knit community 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
Ⅰ.听教材听力10.3，回答第1至5题。
1.What is the primary focus of Dr.Smith’s research project in Roseto？（　　）
A.The economic growth of the town.
B.The crime rates in the community.
C.The low incidence of heart attacks and its causes.
2.What was one of the unique features of the Roseto community in the 1950s？（　　）
A.The community was highly competitive.
B.The households mainly consisted of three generations.
C.The community was infamous for its crime rates.
3.How did the lifestyle of younger Rosetans change in the 1960s？（　　）
A.They moved to the city and started living in high-rise apartments.
B.They moved to the outskirts of the town and lived in single-family houses.
C.They started embracing traditional social bonds.
4.What impact did the lifestyle changes have on the Roseto community’s health？（　　）
A.There was a decrease in the rate of heart attacks.
B.The first heart attack in a Rosetan under 45 happened.
C.There was no significant change in the rate of heart attacks.
5.How does the current rate of heart attacks in Roseto compare to the past？（　　）
A.It remains significantly lower than the national average.
B.It has surpassed the national average.
C.It is the same as the national average.
Ⅱ.再听教材听力10.3，根据所听内容填空。
1.Good morning， Dr.Smith.Welcome to our programme.We noticed that you have 　　　　　　　　　　　　a small town called Roseto.We know that you 　　　　　　　a research project there.Would you please tell us 　　　　　　　　？
2.People were dying of 　　　　　　　　rather than from illness.Additionally， there was 　　　　　　　　.This was a 　　　　　　　　small town.
3.According to an earlier study about Roseto， researchers found that the reason for 　　　　　　　　of Rosetans’ heart attacks was the 　　　　　　　　　　.Roseto was a very 　　　　　　　　community.People there 　　　　　　　　　　.They visited each other and 　　　　　　　　community celebrations.
4.Old people 　　　　　　　　.The social network they enjoyed protected them from 　　　　　　　　of the modern world.
Ⅲ.听教材听力10.4，回答第1至5题。
1.How does Linda perceive her mother’s hometown？（　　）
A.She thinks it is smaller than expected.
B.She feels it resembles a big city.
C.She believes it is similar to her own town.
2.How were the living conditions in the town when Linda’s mother was young？（　　）
A.They lived in flats with shared kitchens and toilets.
B.They lived in houses with a few rooms and separate kitchens and toilets.
C.They lived in houses with a couple of rooms and shared outdoor kitchens and toilets.
3.How was the relationship between the neighbours in the town during Linda’s mother’s childhood？（　　）
A.They were friendly and considered each other like family.
B.They were not very close and kept to themselves.
C.They often had conflicts over the shared facilities.
4.What does Linda think about living in a closely-knit community？（　　）
A.She thinks it’s inconvenient.
B.She believes it’s great.
C.She feels it’s too intrusive.
5.Who is visiting the grandpa this afternoon？（　　）
A.His distant relatives.
B.His old neighbours.
C.His new friends from the town.
Ⅳ.再听教材听力10.4，根据所听内容填空。
1.Well， it wasn’t like this when your mum was here.Our town was 　　　　　　　.There weren’t many 　　　　　　　　.
2.No.It was 　　　　　　　　　　， but we 　　　　　　　　at that time.Actually， we 　　　　　　　　　　　　our neighbours.
3.Yes.Children played together 　　　　　， and neighbours often 　　　　　　　　　.You know， some old neighbours are still 　　　　　　　　　　　　　， although we 　　　　　　　　now.
additionally adv.除此之外，此外
【教材原句】　Additionally， there was very little crime.此外，那里几乎没有犯罪。
【用法】
（1）addition n. 添加；[数]加法；增加物 in addition to＝besides/as well as 除……之外（还）（用作介词短语） in addition＝besides/apart from 另外，除此之外（相当于副词） （2）additional adj. 附加的，额外的 （3）additive n. （尤指食品的）添加剂；添加物
【佳句】　The food was delicious.Additionally， the service was excellent.
食物很美味。此外，服务也非常好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①This system imposes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（addition） financial burdens on many people.
②Some food contains more than one 　　　　　　　　　（add）.
【写美】　完成句子
③Mother， 　　　　　　　　　　　those， also does some of the burden of men.
妈妈除了做那些外，还负担着一些男人做的事情。
consequence n.后果；结果；影响
【教材原句】　Well，the consequences of the change followed quickly.哦，变化的后果随之而来。
【用法】
（1）as a consequence＝in consequence 　　　　　　　　　 因此，结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 因为，由于 （2）consequently adv. 所以，因此 consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的
【佳句】　As a consequence of all his hard training， Paul was able to take the lead in the race.由于他的刻苦训练，保罗能在比赛中领先。 （人物描写）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They had children and were 　　　　　　（consequent） tied to the school vacations.
②The 　　　　　　（consequence） will be very grave if nothing is done.
【写美】　完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　　 his hard work， he was eventually admitted to Peking University.
因为他的努力，他最终被北京大学录取。
Section Ⅳ　LESSON 2　COMMUNITY SPIRIT
【话题听说·勤操练】
听说课前清障
　1.be involved in　2.be based on　3.protect ...from ...
4.be close to　5.be friendly to　6.look after each other
7.traditional social bonds　8.consist of three generations
9.keep up the traditional lifestyle　10.典型的独栋房屋
11.和平均值一样　12.对一个小镇进行多次访问
13.死于年老而不是死于疾病
14.生活在一个关系紧密的社区
话题听力提能
Ⅰ.1－5　CBBBC
Ⅱ.1.paid quite a few visits to； are involved in； more about it
2.old age； very little crime； very safe
3.the low rate； community itself； closely-knit； looked after each other； frequently organised
4.were respected； the pressure
Ⅲ.1－5　BCABB
Ⅳ.1.small then； tall buildings
2.a bit inconvenient； didn’t feel that； were close to
3.after school； visited each other； my best friends； live far away
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①additional　②additive　③in addition to doing
2.①consequently　②consequences
③As a/In consequence of
4 / 4(共70张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　LESSON 2　COMMUNITY SPIRIT
1
话题听说·勤操练
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
话题听说·勤操练
志在强化技能
1
听说课前清障——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1. 参加；参与
2. 以……为基础
3. 保护……免受……
4. 与……亲密
5. 对……友好
6. 互相照顾
7. 传统的社会关系
8. 由三代人组成
be involved in　
be based on　
protect ...from ...　
be close to　
be friendly to　
look after each other　
traditional social bonds　
consist of three generations　
9. 保持传统的生活方式
10. typical single-family houses
11. the same as the average
12. pay quite a few visits to a small town

13. die of old age rather than from illness

14. live in a closely-knit community
和平均值一样　
对一个小镇进行多次访问　
死于年老而不是死于疾病　
生活在一个关系紧密的社区　
keep up the traditional lifestyle　
典型的独栋房屋　
话题听力提能——捕捉信息，精准判断
Ⅰ.听教材听力10.3，回答第1至5题。
1. What is the primary focus of Dr.Smith’s research project in Roseto？
（　　）
A. The economic growth of the town.
B. The crime rates in the community.
C. The low incidence of heart attacks and its causes.
2. What was one of the unique features of the Roseto community in the
1950s？（　　）
A. The community was highly competitive.
B. The households mainly consisted of three generations.
C. The community was infamous for its crime rates.
3. How did the lifestyle of younger Rosetans change in the 1960s？
（　　）
A. They moved to the city and started living in high-rise apartments.
B. They moved to the outskirts of the town and lived in single-family
houses.
C. They started embracing traditional social bonds.
4. What impact did the lifestyle changes have on the Roseto
community’s health？（　　）
A. There was a decrease in the rate of heart attacks.
B. The first heart attack in a Rosetan under 45 happened.
C. There was no significant change in the rate of heart attacks.
5. How does the current rate of heart attacks in Roseto compare to the
past？（　　）
A. It remains significantly lower than the national average.
B. It has surpassed the national average.
C. It is the same as the national average.
Ⅱ.再听教材听力10.3，根据所听内容填空。
1. Good morning， Dr.Smith.Welcome to our programme.We noticed
that you have a small town called
Roseto.We know that you a research project
there.Would you please tell us ？
2. People were dying of rather than from
illness.Additionally， there was .This was
a small town.
paid quite a few visits to　
are involved in　
more about it　
old age　
very little crime　
very safe　
3. According to an earlier study about Roseto， researchers found that the
reason for of Rosetans’ heart attacks was
the .Roseto was a very
community.People there .They visited each
other and community celebrations.
4. Old people .The social network they enjoyed
protected them from of the modern world.
the low rate　
community itself　
closely-knit　
looked after each other　
frequently organised　
were respected　
the pressure　
Ⅲ.听教材听力10.4，回答第1至5题。
1. How does Linda perceive her mother’s hometown？（　　）
A. She thinks it is smaller than expected.
B. She feels it resembles a big city.
C. She believes it is similar to her own town.
2. How were the living conditions in the town when Linda’s mother was
young？（　　）
A. They lived in flats with shared kitchens and toilets.
B. They lived in houses with a few rooms and separate kitchens and
toilets.
C. They lived in houses with a couple of rooms and shared outdoor
kitchens and toilets.
3. How was the relationship between the neighbours in the town during
Linda’s mother’s childhood？（　　）
A. They were friendly and considered each other like family.
B. They were not very close and kept to themselves.
C. They often had conflicts over the shared facilities.
4. What does Linda think about living in a closely-knit community？
（　　）
A. She thinks it’s inconvenient.
B. She believes it’s great.
C. She feels it’s too intrusive.
5. Who is visiting the grandpa this afternoon？（　　）
A. His distant relatives.
B. His old neighbours.
C. His new friends from the town.
Ⅳ.再听教材听力10.4，根据所听内容填空。
1. Well， it wasn’t like this when your mum was here.Our town
was .There weren’t many .
2. No.It was ， but we at
that time.Actually， we our neighbours.
3. Yes.Children played together ， and neighbours
often .You know， some old neighbours are
still ， although we now.
small then　
tall buildings　
a bit inconvenient　
didn’t feel that　
were close to　
after school　
visited each other　
my best friends　
live far away　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
additionally adv.除此之外，此外
【教材原句】　Additionally， there was very little crime.此外，那里
几乎没有犯罪。
【用法】
（1）addition n. 添加；[数]加法；增加物
in addition to＝besides/as well as 除……之外（还）（用作介词短语）
in addition＝besides/apart from另外，除此之外（相当于副词）
（2）additional adj.　　附加的，额外的
（3）additive n.（尤指食品的）添加剂；添加物
【佳句】　The food was delicious.Additionally， the service was
excellent.
食物很美味。此外，服务也非常好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①This system imposes （addition） financial burdens on
many people.
②Some food contains more than one （add）.
additional　
additive　
【写美】　完成句子
③Mother， those， also does some of the
burden of men.
妈妈除了做那些外，还负担着一些男人做的事情。
in addition to doing　
consequence n.后果；结果；影响
【教材原句】　Well，the consequences of the change followed
quickly.哦，变化的后果随之而来。
【用法】
（1）as a consequence＝in consequence　　因此，结果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of　　因为，由于
（2）consequently adv.　　所以，因此
consequent adj.　　作为结果的；随之发生的
【佳句】　As a consequence of all his hard training， Paul was able to
take the lead in the race.由于他的刻苦训练，保罗能在比赛中领先。
（人物描写）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They had children and were （consequent） tied to
the school vacations.
②The （consequence） will be very grave if nothing
is done.
consequently　
consequences　
【写美】　完成句子
③ his hard work， he was eventually
admitted to Peking University.
因为他的努力，他最终被北京大学录取。
As a/In consequence of　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：品句填词
1. As they approached the （郊区） of the city， Ella’s
mood visibly lightened.
2. The town’s main （特征） are its beautiful mosque and
ancient marketplace.
3. He is （尊敬） as a very aggressive and competitive
executive.
outskirts　
features　
respected　
4. A growing number of h have at least one computer.
5. The agreement strengthened the b between the two countries.
ouseholds　
onds　
维度二：词形转换
1. （additional），it is vital for the waiters to use
gestures when serving deaf-mute customers or those with hearing
problems.
2. The law states that the more （frequent） a word is
used in any language，the shorter it tends to be.
3. She had noted down the names and she told me the story simply
and （factual）.
Additionally　
frequently　
factually　
4. An insecure computer system is an open door to
（crime）.
5. She was unable to attend because of the （press） of
work.
6. It’s （tradition） in America to eat turkey on
Thanksgiving Day.
7. We have provided seats for the （convenient） of
our customers.
criminals　
pressure　
traditional　
convenience　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. He （依旧参加志愿者工作）
to promote local products.
2. I have learned that the exhibition （由……组成）
dozens of masterpieces painted by Chinese famous artists.
3. They were caught in the rain and， （结果），
they all caught colds.
4. I like reading and hiking. （此外）， I am a big fan of
basketball.
is still involved in voluntary work　
consists of　
as a consequence　
In addition　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　A team of scientists plans to explore a little-known part of the
ocean.The scientists will enter what they call the “Midnight Zone” of
the Indian Ocean.It is an area at a depth of about 1，000 meters below the
surface where light does not reach.The project is expected to begin on 16
March and to last about five weeks.The scientists aim to explore huge
underwater mountains also known as seamounts.
　　The scientists involved in the project are part of Nekton， an ocean
research group that works with the University of Oxford in Britain.They
are working with the Seychelles’ and Maldives’ governments in an
effort to protect ocean areas.
　　Oliver Steeds is the director of the Nekton effort.He told the
Associated Press that the area his team will explore is home to many forms
of life.“What we do know is that beneath 1，000 meters， there’s no
light down there， but a lot of animals ...are shining，” he said.
　　The Nekton scientists will be using one of the most modern deep sea
submarines （潜水艇） in the world.It is named Limiting Factor.
　　Last August， the Limiting Factor completed another project： to
dive to the deepest point in each of the world’s five oceans.That effort
was called the Five Deeps Expedition.The deepest of these dives took the
submarine to nearly 11，000 meters below sea level.
　　Robert McCallum is the leader of the expedition.He said vehicles
that can dive deep into the ocean are rare.
　　The scientists will use sensors and mapping technology to identify
new species and landforms deep beneath the sea.But， they also want to
observe the effects humans have on the deep sea environment.They will
be trying to measure the presence of plastic pollution and possible effects
of climate change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些科学家将潜入印度洋1，000米
的深处，探索人类活动对海洋的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些科学家将潜入印度洋1，000米
的深处，探索人类活动对海洋的影响。
1. What is the purpose of Nekton？（　　）
A. To protect the sea.
B. To explore seamounts.
C. To discover new species.
D. To research ocean animals.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Nekton是一个海洋研究
小组，其根本目的是保护海洋。
2. What is special about the “Midnight Zone”？（　　）
A. It’s complete dark.
B. There are some lights.
C. It’s 11，000 meters deep.
D. There are no plants or animals.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，虽然海底1，000米深处
自然光无法到达，但是一些海洋动物自身会发光。
3. What can we learn about the Limiting Factor？（　　）
A. It will be used for the first time.
B. It met with some failure last year.
C. It can take people to travel around the world.
D. It can reach as deep as nearly 11，000 meters.
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，这种潜水艇可以潜
入到海底接近11，000米的深处。
4. What do the scientists want to know through the research？（　　）
A. How new species live in the ocean.
B. How human activities affect the sea.
C. What makes life possible under the sea.
D. What effects the ocean has on Earth.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，科学家的主要目的是
发现新的海洋生物，同时了解人类活动（塑料污染及气候变化）
对海洋环境的影响。
B
　　Since bike-sharing company Mobike withdrew from the Singapore
market，a businessman Win was sad to see mountains of thrown-away
bicycles.The manufacturing of these bicycles can cost from 300
to 500 per unit and a lot of natural resources are now left to waste and
sent to be recycled or just simply left rusting （生锈） somewhere else.
　　Win then thought about all the young village children he had seen
walking to school during his road trips through Myanmar in the past.He
was suddenly struck with an inspiration.
　　“It’s a common sight to see many students walking long distances
from home to school in villages，” said Win.“Some students can walk
up to one hour from home to school and the families can hardly afford a
simple form of transport like bicycle or motorcycle.They have never
heard of school buses.”
　　Win then started the LessWalk non-profit organisation so that he
could buy Mobike’s unused bicycles and donate them to
schoolchildren.The project actually needs a lot of money.In addition to
replacing ride-sharing electrical system with regular key locks， Win says
that it’s not an easy job to ship the bikes from Singapore to
Myanmar.But Win is delighted to report that he has successfully shipped
and received about 4，700 new bikes with 5，300 more already on the
way.
　　All bicycles are free for students who live below the poverty line in
Myanmar and need to walk 2 kilometers to school.The organisation has
been provided money from donations， but the main part of their 400，
000 funds has come straight from Win’s pocket.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Win成立了一个非营利组织，用募
捐到的钱和他自己的钱购买共享单车并捐赠给缅甸贫困地区的孩子
们。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Win成立了一个非营利组织，用募
捐到的钱和他自己的钱购买共享单车并捐赠给缅甸贫困地区的孩子
们。
5. What can we learn from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. Win wants to help Mobike get their bicycles recycled.
B. The production of these bicycles is a waste of money.
C. These shared bicycles cause damage to the environment.
D. The thrown-away bicycles actually cost a lot of money.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The manufacturing of these
bicycles can cost from 300 to 500 per unit and a lot of natural
resources are now left to waste可知，这些被丢弃的共享单车造价
不菲。
6. How did Win know the village children’s poor condition？（　　）
A. He once made road trips there.
B. He visited them in the past.
C. Someone told him about it.
D. He once had his own business there.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Win因为曾经自驾游时
路过那里而得知这些孩子们的状况。
7. What can we infer about Win’s project？（　　）
A. He got most of the bikes from Mobike for free.
B. He got most of the money from donations.
C. He overcame many difficulties in the process.
D. He wasn’t sure about the project in the beginning.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段中的In addition to replacing
ride-sharing electrical system ...with 5，300 more already on the
way.可知，Win在此过程中遇到了许多困难，但是全被他克服了。
8. Which can be a suitable title for the passage？（　　）
A. The Growth of a Non-profit Organisation
B. Keeping Unused Shared Bikes Valuable
C. Donating New Bikes to Schoolchildren
D. The Pleasure of Riding Shared Bikes
解析：　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文讲述了Win因为不忍
心看到那么多共享单车被浪费，便成立了一个非营利组织，购买
共享单车并捐赠给缅甸贫困地区孩子们的故事。因此B项作为标题
最合适。
C
　　When it comes to career choice， you often hear a particular piece of
advice.You may have given it to someone else or you may have heard it
yourself： Do what you love.
　　The optimism behind this advice is well-intentioned， however， it
raises a lot of questions.The biggest one is “What is passion？ What
does it mean to be passionate？”
　　Allison E McWilliams Ph.D. wrote an interesting part about our
relationship to work.She described three key work orientations（方
向）： Job orientation — work is a means to an end， allowing you to
pursue other things in life.Career orientation — care about work that
allows the person to get promoted.Calling orientation — the work you do
creates your identity and meaning.
　　The point here is that while some of us may not be passionate about
the work， you are doing the work for a reason.The advice of “doing
what you love” falls more into a calling orientation.
　　After all， there is nothing wrong with any of these orientations.
Neither one of them is superior to the others.This can lead to confusion amongst people because they may have worked for completely different reasons.
　　Following the advice of doing what you love feels great at first， but
it can be short-lived.It is because every job out there is going to have a
sore spot.There is going to be something you have to do that makes it feel
like busywork rather than something you are passionate about.It becomes
a chore and， in turn， you could lose the passion that is driving you
forward to that path.
　　This raises another point.Perhaps you have too many passions and
you get lost， confused or frustrated with what you are trying to do.Or
maybe you run into something that changes how you view your
passion.For example， cooking is a great passion.But if you decide to
become a chef， you would be subject to making the same dishes
constantly with little variety.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们经常听到的一条求职建议——
做你喜欢的事。可是，作者对此有不同的看法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们经常听到的一条求职建议——
做你喜欢的事。可是，作者对此有不同的看法。
9. What is the author’s top puzzle about the advice of “doing what you
love”？（　　）
A. The definition of passion.
B. The diversity of passion.
C. Where passion comes from.
D. Why we do the work on earth.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，关于这条求职建议，作
者最大的疑问是：究竟如何定义“热情”。
10. What does the author think of the three key work orientations？
（　　）
A. All of them are equal and reasonable.
B. None of them reflect your true passion.
C. One with job orientation focuses on job itself.
D. One with career orientation has a passion for his work.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，作者认为，这三种职
业选择方向都没有任何问题，也没有孰高孰低的区别，都是平等
且合理的。
11. What does the underlined phrase “a sore spot” in Paragraph 6
mean？（　　）
A. Something that is special.
B. Something that is difficult.
C. Something that annoys you.
D. Something that attracts you.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，这里作者表达的意思
是：做你喜欢的工作，刚开始我们可能感觉很好，但时间长了就
会慢慢厌倦。也就是说，每一种工作有其令人烦恼的地方。
12. What does the author want to convey by giving the example of
cooking？（　　）
A. We may don’t know our passions.
B. Our passions can become careers.
C. It is difficult to maintain our passions.
D. Our attitude to our passions can change.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者举烹饪一例，
是为了说明当我们所热爱的事变为一种职业时，我们对待自己所
热爱事物的态度也会慢慢发生变化。
D
　　People experience emotional pain — often in the form of guilt —
when spending money.This is called the moral tax or pain of payment.We
can reduce this guilt by separating the enjoyment of a purchase from its
payment.However， the best way to reduce moral tax is by receiving a
gift — an item you didn’t have to pay for at all！
　　As a result， the best gifts are items that normally bring particularly
high levels of moral tax.This may include luxury goods that appear
overpriced and unjustified and therefore induce particularly bad feelings of
guilt upon purchase.
　　Curiously， it’s not about the actual amount of money spent.What
matters most are the emotions brought by the gift （or the guilt taken
away）.Consider the following example as an illustration.
　　For weeks， Anne has had her eye on a pair of designer boots.They
look incredibly stylish and go beautifully with her new winter coat.She’s
got enough money to pay for the boots but doesn’t think the purchase is
justified.After all， she already owns three other pairs of winter
footwear.Still， Anne makes sure to mention the boots to her husband
Alex， and on Christmas morning she is overjoyed to unwrap a large box
containing the boots.She is delighted with the gift even though Alex
bought it from their joint bank account.
　　Looking at it from an economic point of view， Anne’s delight
doesn’t make any sense.Since she shares a bank account with her
husband， it doesn’t matter who buys the boots.The financial loss is the
same either way.How can Anne be happy with Alex making a purchase
she previously thought unnecessary？ Why， it all comes down to moral
tax.By making the payment on Anne’s behalf， Alex cuts her wife’s
pain of payment.Anne gets to enjoy her precious boots guilt-free.
　　The psychology of financial choices suggests that the best gifts are
things that people really want but deny themselves to avoid feeling
guilty.What are your partner’s secret wants and guilty pleasures？
Unfortunately， that’s the one question you need to answer yourself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了一个全新的概念——
moral tax。它指人们在消费时伴随金钱损失出现的内疚等负面情
绪。文中Anne通过一种巧妙的办法，既获得了自己想要的商品，同
时避免了moral tax。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了一个全新的概念——
moral tax。它指人们在消费时伴随金钱损失出现的内疚等负面情
绪。文中Anne通过一种巧妙的办法，既获得了自己想要的商品，同
时避免了moral tax。
13. What do we know about the best gifts according to the author？
（　　）
A. They bring no feeling of guilt.
B. They bring much pain of payment.
C. They are usually cheap but excellent.
D. They make you feel good upon purchase.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在作者看来，我们想
要的最佳礼物通常是标价较高、感觉有点奢侈的商品，同时会带
给我们较高的道德税和支付时的内疚感。用最简单的话概括，就
是我们自己舍不得花钱买、又特别想得到的东西。
14. Why does Anne not buy the boots herself？（　　）
A. She doesn’t like them indeed.
B. She can’t find enough reasons.
C. She decides to put off satisfaction.
D. She wants a gift from her husband.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Anne非常喜欢一双靴
子，但她不能下决心购买，因为她已经有三双靴子。也就是说她
没有足够的理由来说服自己作出购买决定。
15. What will an economist think of Anne’s delight？（　　）
A. Unreal. B. Interesting.
C. Ridiculous. D. Reasonable.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，从经济学的角度
来看，Anne的快乐没有任何道理，因为她丈夫买和她自己买都是
花他们的共有财产。
16. What is the key to Anne’s delight？（　　）
A. Avoiding the bad feeling.
B. Not spending her money.
C. Receiving an unexpected gift.
D. Getting what she really wants.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，Anne快
乐的关键，在于她避开了自己掏钱买靴子时必然出现的内疚感、
负罪感等负面情绪。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Personal profiles are an excellent way to express information into a
simple format.Here are some basic steps that you’ll want to follow.
　　Share positive things， but not excessive.Everyone has problems，
but no one wants to read a bunch of negative soul-searching.Don’t
complain， or endlessly describe your health problems， relationship
dramas， kid problems， etc.17.（　　）
　　Take pride in who you are and what you are all about.It isn’t
helpful to criticize yourself.It makes people uncomfortable and it’s
annoying to feel that you have to build up another person’s value
constantly.18.（　　） No one can get close to you.The girl who says
she is fat and shy relentlessly will turn people away.
　　19. （　　） There are groups who believe that their jobs are to
convert the world to their ways of thinking.Although it may seem
urgent， the personal profile is not the venue to boast.It will not promote
your message in a healthy way.
　　Don’t advertise or sell.20.（　　） The personal profile is about
you and should not be used to make money.The sites you use may put ads
on， but that is how they generate funds to keep the sites free.
　21. （　　） This is your own little message to the world.If you use
other people’s tips to make a profile， everyone can enjoy the benefits.
A. Write in outline format.
B. Don’t say it in a long sentence.
C. It’s important to seek help before writing.
D. Don’t use your profile as a place to show off.
E. Self-criticism is really a form of control over others.
F. If you need customers， use a known business network.
G. People who do this have warning signs on their profiles.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。个人简介是用简单的格式表达信息
的一种极好的方式。文章主要介绍了一些写个人资料要遵循的基本
步骤。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。个人简介是用简单的格式表达信息
的一种极好的方式。文章主要介绍了一些写个人资料要遵循的基本
步骤。
17. G　上文提到了不要抱怨或没完没了地描述你的健康问题、感情
困扰、孩子问题等。设空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明原因，
故G项符合语境。
18. E　本段的中心思想是不要自我批评。下文提到没人能接近你，
说明自我批评可能导致他人无法靠近，是一种控制他人的形式。故E
项符合语境，E项中的Self-criticism对应上文中的criticize yourself。
19. D　本段的中心思想是不要把个人资料作为自我夸耀的方式。故
D项符合语境，D项中的show off对应下文中的boast。
20. F　本段第一句的建议是不要把个人资料拿来做广告或销售，可
推测本句应该说明获得商业客户的正确做法，故F项符合语境。
21. C　根据下文可知，本段的建议是在写个人资料前寻求帮助。故C
项（在写之前寻求帮助是很重要的）符合语境。
谢谢观看！

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