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Section Ⅱ　LESSON 1　SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
维度一：品句填词
1.He has acquired a reputation as this country’s 　　　　　　（最好的） solo violinist.
2.The World Cup was transmitted around the world by 　　　　　　（人造卫星）.
3.We have 　　　　　　（发射） another man-made satellite， which is announced in today’s newspaper.
4.The project was a 　　　　　　（共同的） effort between the two schools.
5.The latest f　　　　　　 in cancer research give hope for a new treatment.
6.The o　　　　　　 of the experiment was unexpected.
7.Her o　　　　　　 personality sometimes offends people.
维度二：词形转换
1.Any further 　　　　　　（correspond） should be sent to my new address.
2.We can predict changes with a surprising degree of 　　　　　　（accurate）.
3.He was initially reluctant to take the position， but 　　　　　　（subsequent） agreed to do so.
4.The 　　　　　　（propose） to build a new park has received widespread support.
5.I 　　　　　　（constant） remind myself to be patient.
6.His generous 　　　　　　（donate） helped many students afford college.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（做了头发） at the new salon.
2.She called me 　　　　　　　　　（一……就） she got the good news.
3.The data in the report does not 　　　　　　（与……相符） our findings.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively.But many organisms （生物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from predators.Divers are now collecting such poisons as candidate drugs for human medicine.
　　Sharks aren’t the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work.Powerful currents， created where the ocean floor drops away， can be just as deadly.But the scientists who work underwater train to deal with these dangers.The rewards of research and underwater adventure are greater than the risks.
　　The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs.But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment.The chemicals they make for survival might help people， too.More than 50 years ago， scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge.Since then， researchers have been hunting the seas for more of such useful natural products.
　　With the help of underwater robots and small submarines， scientists are searching the seas — from shallow reefs to the oceans’ great depths.
　　Microbes living in the Arctic’s cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do.This process of turning food into energy for growth， activities and reproduction is called metabolism （新陈代谢）.These pathways also produce chemicals called “secondary metabolites”.One day they might also help people.
　　During a four-year project called PharmaSeas， scientists made thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples.In about a dozen of them， researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today’s antibiotics cannot.Yet another mixture may reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
1.Why do some sea organisms produce poisonous chemicals？（　　）
A.To struggle for existence. B.To benefit other creatures.
C.To change their environment. D.To hide themselves in the sea.
2.What may threaten scientists’ lives when they work underwater according to the text？（　　）
A.The darkness in the deep ocean. B.Dangerous animals and currents.
C.Poisonous chemicals in the water. D.The ocean floors dropping away quickly.
3.What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？（　　）
A.They have the same effects as today’s medicine.
B.They can treat many diseases. C.They have unique functions.
D.They can kill all bacteria. 4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage？（　　）
A.Living Resources in the Ocean B.Dangers of Diving in the Sea
C.Future Sources of Medicines D.Diving for New Medicines
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest.But after challenging a（n） 　5　 path last April， the 45-year-old mechanic was lost.
　　As the day faded into dusk， his concern turned to 　pean climbed to a spot with one bar of 　7　.“I’m lost.SOS.My phone is going to 　8　.” He texted the police， attaching a photo showing where he was.The 　9　 showed his legs surrounded by an endless landscape of rocks and plants.
　　All Compean could do then was wait and 　10　.The temperature was dropping fast.After 　11　 two mountain lions and a bear， he kept a big stick and some 　12　 rocks beside him in case an animal came close.
　　Kuo， 　13　 47， works in the tech industry， and always loves 　14　 where photos are taken.When he saw the image of Compean’s legs released on the Twitter， he pulled up a satellite map.He 　15　 his search to the surrounding area after knowing Compean’s car was parked near Buckhorn Campground.After comparing it to the satellite map， Kuo 　16　 something：“He’s got to be on the south side because there’s not really any 　17　 valleys on the north side.” That finding tightened his search， and finally the 　18　 matched！ Soon， Compean was saved.
　　Compean’s story probably would have ended very differently， had a 　19　 with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail taken action.
5.（　）A.attractive　　　　 B.new
C.rough D.natural
6.（　）A.shock B.confusion
C.fear D.excitement
7.（　）A.signal B.chocolate
C.light D.iron
8.（　）A.function B.rest
C.break D.die
9.（　）A.text B.video
C.shot D.record
10.（　）A.sleep B.hope
C.stare D.reflect
11.（　）A.observing B.fighting
C.hunting D.spotting
12.（　）A.sharp B.shiny
C.clean D.flat
13.（　）A.then B.ever
C.also D.just
14.（　）A.going about B.talking about
C.leaving for D.looking for
15.（　）A.changed B.counted
C.narrowed D.added
16.（　）A.realised B.admitted
C.recalled D.imagined
17.（　）A.bare B.green
C.deep D.dangerous
18.（　）A.figures B.actions
C.locations D.measures
19.（　）A.detective B.colleague
C.hiker D.stranger
　Section Ⅱ　LESSON 1　SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
基础知识自测
维度一
1.premier　2.satellite　3.launched　4.joint　5.findings　6.outcome　7.outspoken
维度二
1.correspondence　2.accuracy　3.subsequently
4.proposal　5.constantly　6.donation
维度三
1.got her hair done
2.the instant
3.correspond with/to
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有些海洋生物所产生的有毒化学物质对人类很有用，科学家们现在正在寻找其中可以用于治疗人类疾病的化学物质。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的But many organisms （生物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from predators.可知，许多海洋生物会产生有毒的化学物质来抵御捕食者，也就是说，海洋生物产生有毒的化学物质是为了生存。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，对于需要潜水工作的科学家来说，鲨鱼并不是海洋中最可怕的东西，因海底落差产生的强大洋流也同样是致命的。由此可知，当科学家在水下工作时，危险的动物和洋流会威胁他们的生命。
3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科学家们在来自海底的样本里发现了混合物，它们可以杀死现在的一些抗生素不能杀死的细菌。有一种混合物还能减轻阿尔茨海默病的症状。由此可推知，这些来自海底样本的混合物有特殊的功能。
4.D　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们潜到海里收集各种海洋生物产生的化学物质，用于制作药物。因此D项（潜水寻找新药）适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Rene Compean在洛杉矶国家森林迷路了，Kuo通过对比照片和卫星地图找到了Rene Compean，最终Rene Compean成功获救。
5.B　根据下文the 45-year-old mechanic was lost可知，这位机械师挑战的是一条新路。
6.C　上文提到这位机械师迷路了，所以天色渐暗时，他开始变得恐惧起来。
7.A　根据下文My phone is going to ...和He texted the police可知，Compean找到有信号的地方去发短信。
8.D　根据空前I’m lost.SOS.可知，他的手机快没电了。
9.C　根据上文attaching a photo showing where he was可知，此处指照片中显示他的双腿周围是无尽的岩石和植物。此处用名词shot与上文photo相呼应。
10.B　根据上一段描述可知，因为Compean迷路被困，所以他只能等待和希望救援的到来。
11.D　根据下文he kept a big stick和in case an animal came close可知，他应该是发现了美洲狮和熊。
12.A　根据下文in case an animal came close可知，为预防动物袭击自己，他准备了一些锋利的石头。
13.A　本文介绍的是过去发生的一件事情，所以此处应用副词then，表示那时Kuo 47岁。
14.D　根据下文When he saw the image of Compean’s legs released on the Twitter， he pulled up a satellite map.可知，Kuo喜欢查询照片的拍摄地。
15.C　根据下文after knowing Compean’s car was parked near Buckhorn Campground可知，因为Kuo知道了Compean停车的大概位置，所以他把搜索范围缩小到了附近地区。
16.A　根据上文After comparing it to the satellite map可知，Kuo把照片和卫星地图进行对比后，意识到了一些问题。
17.B　根据第二段中的by an endless landscape of rocks and plants可知，Compean的双腿周围是无尽的岩石和植物，由此Kuo判断Compean在南边，因为北部没有绿色的山谷。
18.C　根据下文Soon， Compean was saved.可知，Compean最终获救了，也就是说Kuo找到了匹配的位置。
19.D　根据上文描述可知，Kuo和Compean素不相识，所以对于Compean来说，是陌生人Kuo的特殊卫星定位技术救了他。
2 / 3Section Ⅱ　LESSON 1　SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
　　If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century， you would have a real problem on your hands.In just 100 years， the world has changed completely.Amazing discoveries were made in medicine， communications① and transport， not to mention② our knowledge of the world and space.Medical advances③ ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to④ staging⑤ operations to replace diseased organs⑥ with donated⑦ munications changed with the introduction of mobile phones， and the way we correspond⑧ went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant⑨ messages.[1]We started flying around the world， launching⑩ satellites into orbit and， at the same time， scientists figured out how to split the atom， previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
　　[2]Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery， it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.Here are some of them.
　　[1]句中and连接并列句。how to split the atom为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作figured out的宾语；thought to be ...为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the atom。
　　[2]句中Although引导让步状语从句。主句是“It＋be＋形容词＋to do ...”结构，it为形式主语，动词不定式短语to single out ...作真正的主语。
　　One of the 20th century’s premier scientists was Albert Einstein.[3]In the summer of 1905， this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. Subsequently ， “E＝mc2 ” was born.It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.[4]Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time， mass or length are constant — they change according to our experience of them.
　　[3]本句中含有be doing ...when ...结构，意为“正在做……这时……”。
　　[4]句中that引导宾语从句。
　　In 1928， another important finding was made by biologist Alexander Fleming.[5]Before he went on holiday， Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory.When he came back， he noticed something strange.He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.[6]This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin， which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.A few years later， penicillin was being mass-produced and helping to save the lives of millions.Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，” he said， “I just found it.”
　　During World War Ⅱ， when Fleming’s discovery was first helping to cure people， the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert， an engineer， and Mauchly， a physicist， to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort.Although they only finished after the war in 1946， it did not matter.This huge machine was the world’s first computer， but it was nothing like our computers today.It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000 kilograms.[7]With 18，000 tubes， thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches ， it used so much energy that when it was turned on， the lights in the local town went out！
　　[5]句中Before引导时间状语从句。
　　[6]句中which引导非限制性定语从句。
　　[7]句中so ...that ...引导结果状语从句。
　　With the development of computers， people expected to get more things done efficiently .During the Cold War，a “huge network”of computers was proposed by two American scientists.With computers talking to one another， it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.By the end of the 1960s， some mini-networks were established， but only a few computers could connect to them.In 1990， Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web， which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other.Nowadays， life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable .
　　These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on Earth.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”， with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests .There is no doubt about it.[8]Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology， whether lucky or planned， the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
　　[8]句中Without引导含蓄虚拟条件句；whether lucky or planned是状语从句的省略；as we know it today是as引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the world。
【读文清障】
①communication n.通信；交流；交际
②not to mention 更不用说
③advance n.进步
④range from ...to ...范围从……到……
⑤stage vt.使发生
stage operations 施行手术
⑥organ n.器官
diseased organs 病变器官
⑦donate vi.& vt.捐赠（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献
⑧correspond vi.通信
⑨instant adj.立刻的，马上的
instant messages即时信息
⑩launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事
orbit n.轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行
split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成（不同部分）
particle n.粒子，质点
single out 挑出；挑选
premier adj.最好的；最重要的
outspoken adj.坦率的，直言不讳的
rock vt.摇晃，摇动
subsequently adv.后来，随后
finding n.研究的结果；发现
perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉
mass-produced adj.大量生产的
humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的
outcome n.结果，后果
accuracy n.准确性；精准度；正确，准确
joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
a joint effort 共同努力
nothing like 一点也不像
circuit n.电路，线路；环形道路
switch n.开关；转换器
efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地
unimaginable adj.难以想象的
be dedicated to 致力于；献身于
quality n.质量
chain n.链条
common interests 共同的利益
breakthrough n.突破；重大进展
【参考译文】
　　如果必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容易的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信转变为发电子邮件和发送即时信息。我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道，同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
　　尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位。
　　20世纪最杰出的科学家，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是其一。1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。于是，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明了一小块物质可以产生巨大的能量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。
　　1928年，生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明作出了另一项重要发现。在去度假之前，弗莱明在实验室里放了一个培养细菌的器皿。回来时，他注意到器皿里有点儿奇怪。经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青霉素开始大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。弗莱明对他这一惊人的发现态度谦虚，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发现了它。”
　　第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈人们时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹精度的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利，两人共同制造一台机器来完成这项工作。尽管机器在1946年战争结束后才制造出来，但仍产生了巨大影响。这台巨大的机器就是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今天的计算机完全不同。它长100英尺，高10英尺，重30，000多公斤。它有18，000个显像管，数千条电路和6，000个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！
　　随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20世纪60年代末，一些小型网络已经建立起来，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990年，蒂姆·伯纳新·李发明了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是难以想象的。
　　这些20世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
Step One： Pre-reading
Can you name some great inventions or discoveries in the 20th century？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What does the passage mainly talk about？（　　）
A.Scientific discoveries in our daily life.
B.Commitment made by great inventors.
C.Changes happened in our everyday lives.
D.Pioneers of the 20th century.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What can we infer from the first sentence in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.There were a great deal of discoveries of the 20th century.
B.It was difficult to choose the most important discovery of the 20th century.
C.There were few great discoveries in the 20th century.
D.Someone who will choose the discovery will be in trouble.
2.What did Einstein and Fleming share in common？（　　）
A.They were both physicians.
B.Both of their findings were found by accident.
C.They were both modest about their discoveries.
D.Both of their findings were applied to our daily life.
3.What was penicillin originally intended to do？（　　）
A.To save people’s lives.
B.To improve the accuracy of the missiles.
C.To make it an amazing discovery.
D.To help produce a machine.
4.Who enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other？（　　）
A.Fleming. B.Einstein.
C.Tim Berners-Lee. D.Two American scientists.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.长难句分析
1.We started flying around the world，launching satellites into orbit and， at the same time， scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
句式分析 此句是　　　　句，由连词　　　　　　连接，主语分别是　　　　　　和　　　　　　；第二个分句中的谓语动词是　　　　　　　，how to split the atom是　　　　；previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe是过去分词短语作　　　　　　　　，修饰　　　　　　　　。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery， it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
句式分析 此句是　　　　句，Although引导　　　　　　　　； 主句是“It is＋形容词to do＋”结构，该结构中it是　　　　　　；真正的主语是 to single out ...，意为“　　　　　　”。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”， with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.
句式分析 此句是　　　　句，主语是　　　　　　　　，谓语动词是　　　　　　；with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests是with复合结构，其构成形式为“　　　　　　　　”，在句中作　　　　。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.讨论
1.Work in a group of four and each member picks one of the discoveries or inventions，talking about them with other members.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Which discovery or invention do you think has been the most important so far？ Why？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心词汇集释
donate vi.& vt.捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献
【教材原句】　Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
【用法】
（1）donate sth to sb　　 　 向某人捐献某物 （2）donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物，捐款 give/make a donation to ... 向……捐赠 （3）donated adj. 捐赠的；捐献的 donor n. 捐赠者，赠送者
【佳句】　Our school called on us to donate our pocket money to the school damaged by the flood， enabling the students to return to their classrooms.
我们学校呼吁我们把零用钱捐给被洪水破坏的学校，让学生们能够回到教室。 （报道）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We are collecting 　　　　　　（donate） for the relief fund.
②All 　　　　　　（donate） blood is tested for HIV and other infections.
③Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops 　　　　　　　　（donate） by the public.
【写美】　一句多译
④她捐了五千美元给儿童医院。
→She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the Children’s Hospital.（donate）
→She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the Children’s Hospital.（donation）
correspond vi.通信；相一致，符合；相类似，相当于
【教材原句】　Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones， and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信转变为发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
【用法】
（1）correspond with sb　　　 和某人通信 correspond to/with sth 与某物相一致 correspond to ... 相当于……，类似于…… （2）correspondence n. 相符，一致；通信联系 in correspondence with ... 与……一致；与……有通信联系 （3）corresponding adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的
【佳句】　Have you been corresponding with him since you graduated from the university？
自从大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？
【练透】　单句语法填空
①What she has just said isn’t 　　　　　　correspondence with the views of the majority.
②The realist stopped corresponding 　　　　　the romantic after the death of her daughter.
③Give each picture a number 　　　　　　（correspond） to its position on the stage.
【写美】　句型转换
④It’s a coincidence that your account of the events corresponds with hers.
→It’s a coincidence that your account of the events 　　　　　　　　　　　　hers.
instant adj.立刻的，马上的
【用法】
（1）in an instant　　　 立刻，马上 for an instant 一瞬间，一会儿，片刻 the instant 一……就…… （2）instantly adv. 立即地 conj. 一……就…… the instant＋从句＝instantly＋从句 一……就……
【佳句】　She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up.
我把她抱起来的那一瞬间，她就停止了挣扎。
Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse.刹那间我以为他会拒绝。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He paused 　　　　　　an instant before continuing.
②　　　　　 an instant， he took off his coat and jumped into the water to rescue the boy.
【写美】　一句多译
③让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。
→Much to my surprise， she burst into tears 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（instant）
→Much to my surprise， she burst into tears 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（instantly）
→Much to my surprise， 　　　　　　　　， she burst out crying.（on）
split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成（不同部分）
【教材原句】　...at the same time， scientists figured out how to split the atom， previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
……同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
【用法】
split up　　　　　 　　　 分裂，分离；分手 split sth （between sb/sth） 分担；分摊；分享 split （sth）（into sth） （把……）分开，使分开
【佳句】　His bike， predictably named the Grout Portable， had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces.不出所料，他的自行车被命名为格鲁特便携式自行车。车架一分为二，较大的车轮可以分成四块。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Research suggests that children whose parents split 　　　　　　are more likely to drop out of high school.
②His time is split 　　　　　　the London and Paris offices.
【写美】　完成句子
③The teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　three groups.
老师把全班同学分成三组。
重点句型解构
句型公式：get sth done
【教材原句】　With the development of computers， people expected to get more things done efficiently.随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。
【用法】
get＋宾语＋
【品悟】　In my case， when I’m trying to concentrate and get an essay written or do some revision， I listen to some music， because without it， it’s too quiet and I would fall asleep.以我为例，当我试图集中精力去写文章或复习时，我就听一听音乐，因为没有音乐就太安静了，我会睡着的。
【写美】　完成句子
①He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
②The captain 　　　　　　　　　　toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。
③I’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　　tomorrow.
我明天要（请人）修一下我的自行车。
Section Ⅱ　LESSON 1　SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
【文本透析·剖语篇】
Step One
Computers， planes， penicillin， the atomic bomb， etc.
Step Two
Ⅰ.D
Ⅱ.1－4　ABAC
Ⅲ.1.energy　2.theory of relativity　3.Alexander Fleming
4.lives of millions　5.accuracy　6.communicate
Step Three
Ⅰ.1.并列　and　We　scientists　figured out　宾语　后置定语　the atom
我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道，同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
2.复合　让步状语从句　形式主语　挑选出
尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。
3.简单　Human life　has been transformed　with＋名词＋done　状语
不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。
Ⅱ.1.I want to talk about the discovery of penicillin，which could be used to kill bacteria and help to save the lives of millions.In 1928，a famous biologist named Alexander Fleming discovered it by chance.One day，after he returned from his holiday，he noticed something strange happened to a dish of bacteria in his lab.He found a blue mould in the dish and around it the bacteria had been destroyed.He then double-checked it，and did many experiments and finally proved that the mould could kill bacteria.This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin.A few years later，penicillin was being mass-produced and saved many people’s lives.
2.I think the most important invention is the Internet.Before it，people had only TV，newspapers and books to get information，but now people can be kept informed from various convenient ways.Besides，we can chat with friends online or send and receive e-mails because of the Internet ...
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①donations　②donated　③are donated
④donated $5，000 to； gave/made a donation of $5，000 to
2.①in　②with　③corresponding
④is in correspondence with
3.①for　②In　③the instant she read the letter； instantly she read the letter； on reading the letter
4.①up　②between　③split up the class into
重点句型解构
　①got me to post　②got the soldiers moving
③get my bike repaired
8 / 8(共85张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　LESSON 1　SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
　　If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th
century， you would have a real problem on your hands.In just 100
years， the world has changed completely.Amazing discoveries were
made in medicine， communications① and transport， not to mention②
our knowledge of the world and space.Medical advances③ ranged from
discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to④ staging⑤
operations to replace diseased organs⑥ with donated⑦ munications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，
and the way we correspond⑧ went from writing letters to emailing and
sending instant⑨ messages.[1]We started flying around the world，
launching⑩ satellites into orbit and， at the same time， scientists
figured out how to split the atom， previously thought to be the smallest
particle of matter in the universe.
　　[2]Although it is impossible to choose the most important
discovery， it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th
century.Here are some of them.
　　[1]句中and连接并列句。how to split the atom为“疑问词＋动词
不定式”结构，作figured out的宾语；thought to be ...为过去分词短
语作后置定语，修饰the atom。
　　[2]句中Although引导让步状语从句。主句是“It＋be＋形容词
＋to do ...”结构，it为形式主语，动词不定式短语to single out ...
作真正的主语。
【读文清障】
①communication n.通信；交流；交际
②not to mention 更不用说
③advance n.进步
④range from ...to ...范围从……到……
⑤stage vt.使发生
stage operations 施行手术
⑥organ n.器官
diseased organs 病变器官
⑦donate vi.& vt.捐赠（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献
⑧correspond vi.通信
⑨instant adj.立刻的，马上的
instant messages即时信息
⑩launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事
orbit n.轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行
split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成（不同部分）
particle n.粒子，质点
single out 挑出；挑选
　　One of the 20th century’s premier scientists was Albert
Einstein.[3]In the summer of 1905， this outspoken young man was
rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.
Subsequently ， “E＝mc2 ” was born.It showed how a small piece of
mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.[4]Einstein then
showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time， mass or length
are constant — they change according to our experience of them.
　　[3]本句中含有be doing ...when ...结构，意为“正在做……这时……”。
　　[4]句中that引导宾语从句。
premier adj.最好的；最重要的
outspoken adj.坦率的，直言不讳的
rock vt.摇晃，摇动
subsequently adv.后来，随后
　　In 1928， another important finding was made by biologist
Alexander Fleming.[5]Before he went on holiday， Fleming left a dish
of bacteria in his laboratory.When he came back， he noticed something
strange.He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around
which the bacteria had been destroyed.[6]This blue mould was in fact the
natural form of penicillin， which Fleming perceived could be used to
kill bacteria.A few years later， penicillin was being mass-produced and
helping to save the lives of millions.Fleming remained humble about the
amazing outcome of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，” he
said， “I just found it.”
　　[5]句中Before引导时间状语从句。
　　[6]句中which引导非限制性定语从句。
finding n.研究的结果；发现
perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉
mass-produced adj.大量生产的
humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的
outcome n.结果，后果
　　During World War Ⅱ， when Fleming’s discovery was first helping
to cure people， the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the
accuracy of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert， an engineer，
and Mauchly， a physicist， to deal with the problem and produce a
machine to do the job in a joint effort.Although they only finished after
the war in 1946， it did not matter.This huge machine was the world’s
first computer， but it was nothing like our computers today.It
measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000
kilograms.[7]With 18，000 tubes， thousands of circuits and 6，000
switches ， it used so much energy that when it was turned on， the
lights in the local town went out！
　　[7]句中so ...that ...引导结果状语从句。
accuracy n.准确性；精准度；正确，准确
joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
a joint effort 共同努力
nothing like 一点也不像
circuit n.电路，线路；环形道路
switch n.开关；转换器
　　With the development of computers， people expected to get more
things done efficiently .During the Cold War，a “huge network”of
computers was proposed by two American scientists.With computers
talking to one another， it would enable government leaders to
communicate with each other.By the end of the 1960s， some mini-
networks were established， but only a few computers could connect to
them.In 1990， Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web， which
enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each
other.Nowadays， life without the Internet for most people is
unimaginable .
　　These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving
the quality of human life on Earth.Human life on this planet has been
transformed into a “global village”， with all the different countries
linked in the chain of common interests .There is no doubt about
it.[8]Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and
technology， whether lucky or planned， the world as we know it today
would be a completely different place.
　　[8]句中Without引导含蓄虚拟条件句；whether lucky or planned
是状语从句的省略；as we know it today是as引导的定语从句，修饰
先行词the world。
efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地
unimaginable adj.难以想象的
be dedicated to 致力于；献身于
quality n.质量
chain n.链条
common interests 共同的利益
breakthrough n.突破；重大进展
【参考译文】
　　如果必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容
易的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方
面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。医学上的进
步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做
器官移植。移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信转
变为发电子邮件和发送即时信息。我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造
卫星发射至轨道，同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，
原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
　　尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几
位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位。
　　20世纪最杰出的科学家，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是其一。1905年夏
天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。
于是，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明了一小块物质可以产生巨大的能
量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长
度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。
　　1928年，生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明作出了另一项重要发现。在
去度假之前，弗莱明在实验室里放了一个培养细菌的器皿。回来时，
他注意到器皿里有点儿奇怪。经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝
色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌实际上
是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青
霉素开始大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。弗莱明对他这一惊
人的发现态度谦虚，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发现 了它。”
　　第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈人们
时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹精度的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克
特和物理学家莫克利，两人共同制造一台机器来完成这项工作。尽管
机器在1946年战争结束后才制造出来，但仍产生了巨大影响。这台巨
大的机器就是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今天的计算机完全不同。
它长100英尺，高10英尺，重30，000多公斤。它有18，000个显像
管，数千条电路和6，000个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以至于当它启动
的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！
　　随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。冷战期
间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。计算机能
互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20世纪60年代末，一些小型
网络已经建立起来，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990年，蒂姆·伯
纳新·李发明了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，
对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是难以想象的。
　　这些20世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国
家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为
“地球村”。毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这
些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一
个完全不同的地方。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
Step One： Pre-reading
Can you name some great inventions or discoveries in the 20th century？
参考答案：

Computers， planes， penicillin， the atomic bomb，
etc.　
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What does the passage mainly talk about？（　　）
A. Scientific discoveries in our daily life.
B. Commitment made by great inventors.
C. Changes happened in our everyday lives.
D. Pioneers of the 20th century.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What can we infer from the first sentence in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. There were a great deal of discoveries of the 20th century.
B. It was difficult to choose the most important discovery of the 20th
century.
C. There were few great discoveries in the 20th century.
D. Someone who will choose the discovery will be in trouble.
2. What did Einstein and Fleming share in common？（　　）
A. They were both physicians.
B. Both of their findings were found by accident.
C. They were both modest about their discoveries.
D. Both of their findings were applied to our daily life.
3. What was penicillin originally intended to do？（　　）
A. To save people’s lives.
B. To improve the accuracy of the missiles.
C. To make it an amazing discovery.
D. To help produce a machine.
4. Who enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each
other？（　　）
A. Fleming.
B. Einstein.
C. Tim Berners-Lee.
D. Two American scientists.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.长难句分析
1. We started flying around the world，launching satellites into orbit
and， at the same time， scientists figured out how to split the atom，
previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
句式分析 此句是 句，由连词 连接，主语分别
是 和 ；第二个分句中的谓语动词是
，how to split the atom是 ；previously thought to be
the smallest particle of matter in the universe是过去分词短语作
，修饰 。

并列　
and　
We　
scientists　
figured
out　
宾语　
后
置定语　
the atom　
自主翻译


我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道，
同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是
宇宙中最小的物质微粒。　
2. Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery， it is
possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
句式分析 此句是 句，Although引导 ；
主句是“It is＋形容词＋to do”结构，该结构中it是
；真正的主语是 to single out ...，意为“ ”。
自主翻译

复合　
让步状语从句　
形式主
语　
挑选出　
尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出
20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。　
3. Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global
village”， with all the different countries linked in the chain of
common interests.
句式分析 此句是 句，主语是 ，谓语动词
是 ；with all the different countries linked in
the chain of common interests是with复合结构，其构成形式为
“ ”，在句中作 。
自主翻译

简单　
Human life　
has been transformed　
with＋名词＋done　
状语　
不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人
类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。　
Ⅱ.讨论
1. Work in a group of four and each member picks one of the discoveries
or inventions，talking about them with other members.







I want to talk about the discovery of penicillin，which could be used to
kill bacteria and help to save the lives of millions.In 1928，a famous
biologist named Alexander Fleming discovered it by chance.One
day，after he returned from his holiday，he noticed something strange
happened to a dish of bacteria in his lab.He found a blue mould in the
dish and around it the bacteria had been destroyed.He then double-




checked it，and did many experiments and finally proved that the
mould could kill bacteria.This blue mould was in fact the natural form
of penicillin.A few years later，penicillin was being mass-produced
and saved many people’s lives.
2. Which discovery or invention do you think has been the most important
so far？ Why？





I think the most important invention is the Internet.Before it，people
had only TV，newspapers and books to get information，but now
people can be kept informed from various convenient ways.Besides，
we can chat with friends online or send and receive e-mails because of
the Internet ...
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
核心词汇集释
donate vi.& vt.捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献
【教材原句】　Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of
diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased
organs with donated ones.
医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐
赠的器官做器官移植。
【用法】
（1）donate sth to sb　　 向某人捐献某物
（2）donation n.　　捐赠；捐赠物，捐款
give/make a donation to ...　　向……捐赠
（3）donated adj.　　捐赠的；捐献的
donor n.　　捐赠者，赠送者
【佳句】　Our school called on us to donate our pocket money to the
school damaged by the flood， enabling the students to return to their
classrooms.
我们学校呼吁我们把零用钱捐给被洪水破坏的学校，让学生们能够回
到教室。 （报道）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We are collecting （donate） for the relief fund.
②All （donate） blood is tested for HIV and other
infections.
③Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops
（donate） by the public.
donations　
donated　
are donated　
【写美】　一句多译
④她捐了五千美元给儿童医院。
→She the Children’s Hospital.（donate）
→She the Children’s
Hospital.（donation）
donated $5，000 to　
gave/made a donation of $5，000 to　
correspond vi.通信；相一致，符合；相类似，相当于
【教材原句】　Communications changed with the introduction of
mobile phones， and the way we correspond went from writing letters to
emailing and sending instant messages.
移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信转变为发电子
邮件和发送即时信息。
【用法】
（1）correspond with sb　　　　和某人通信
correspond to/with sth　　与某物相一致
correspond to ...　　相当于……，类似于……
（2）correspondence n.　　相符，一致；通信联系
in correspondence with ...与……一致；与……有通信联系
（3）corresponding adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的
【佳句】　Have you been corresponding with him since you graduated
from the university？
自从大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？
【练透】　单句语法填空
①What she has just said isn’t correspondence with the views of
the majority.
②The realist stopped corresponding the romantic after the death
of her daughter.
③Give each picture a number （correspond） to its
position on the stage.
in　
with　
corresponding　
【写美】　句型转换
④It’s a coincidence that your account of the events corresponds with
hers.
→It’s a coincidence that your account of the events
hers.
is in
correspondence with　
instant adj.立刻的，马上的
【用法】
（1）in an instant　　 　立刻，马上
for an instant　　一瞬间，一会儿，片刻
the instant　　一……就……
（2）instantly adv.　　立即地
conj.　　一……就……
the instant＋从句＝instantly＋从句　　一……就……
【佳句】　She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up.我把她抱
起来的那一瞬间，她就停止了挣扎。
Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse.刹那间我以为他会
拒绝。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He paused an instant before continuing.
② an instant， he took off his coat and jumped into the water to
rescue the boy.
for　
In　
【写美】　一句多译
③让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。
→Much to my surprise， she burst into tears
.（instant）
→Much to my surprise， she burst into tears
.（instantly）
→Much to my surprise， ， she burst out
crying.（on）
the instant she read the
letter　
instantly she read the
letter　
on reading the letter　
split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成（不同部分）
【教材原句】　...at the same time， scientists figured out how to split
the atom， previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the
universe.
……同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是
宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
【用法】
split up　　　 分裂，分离；分手
split sth （between sb/sth）　　分担；分摊；分享
split （sth）（into sth）　　（把……）分开，使分开
【佳句】　His bike， predictably named the Grout Portable， had a
frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into
four pieces.
不出所料，他的自行车被命名为格鲁特便携式自行车。车架一分为
二，较大的车轮可以分成四块。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Research suggests that children whose parents split are more
likely to drop out of high school.
②His time is split the London and Paris offices.
up　
between　
【写美】　完成句子
③The teacher three groups.
老师把全班同学分成三组。
split up the class into　
重点句型解构
句型公式：get sth done
【教材原句】　With the development of computers， people expected
to get more things done efficiently.
随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。
【品悟】　In my case， when I’m trying to concentrate and get an
essay written or do some revision， I listen to some music， because
without it， it’s too quiet and I would fall asleep.
以我为例，当我试图集中精力去写文章或复习时，我就听一听音乐，
因为没有音乐就太安静了，我会睡着的。
【用法】
get＋宾语＋
【写美】　完成句子
①He the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
②The captain toward the front after a short
rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。
③I’ll tomorrow.
我明天要（请人）修一下我的自行车。
got me to post　
got the soldiers moving　
get my bike repaired　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. He has acquired a reputation as this country’s （最好
的） solo violinist.
2. The World Cup was transmitted around the world by （人
造卫星）.
3. We have （发射） another man-made satellite， which
is announced in today’s newspaper.
premier　
satellite　
launched　
4. The project was a （共同的） effort between the two
schools.
5. The latest f in cancer research give hope for a new treatment.
6. The o of the experiment was unexpected.
7. Her o personality sometimes offends people.
joint　
indings　
utcome　
utspoken　
维度二：词形转换
1. Any further （correspond） should be sent to my
new address.
2. We can predict changes with a surprising degree of
（accurate）.
3. He was initially reluctant to take the position， but
（subsequent） agreed to do so.
4. The （propose） to build a new park has received
widespread support.
correspondence　
accuracy　
subsequently　
proposal　
5. I （constant） remind myself to be patient.
6. His generous （donate） helped many students afford
college.
constantly　
donation　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. She （做了头发） at the new salon.
2. She called me （一……就） she got the good news.
3. The data in the report does not （与……相
符） our findings.
got her hair done　
the instant　
correspond with/to　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively.But many
organisms （生物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away
from predators.Divers are now collecting such poisons as candidate drugs
for human medicine.
　　Sharks aren’t the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive
to work.Powerful currents， created where the ocean floor drops away，
can be just as deadly.But the scientists who work underwater train to deal
with these dangers.The rewards of research and underwater adventure are
greater than the risks.
　　The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs.But
organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment.The
chemicals they make for survival might help people， too.More than 50
years ago， scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea
sponge.Since then， researchers have been hunting the seas for more of
such useful natural products.
　　With the help of underwater robots and small submarines， scientists
are searching the seas — from shallow reefs to the oceans’ great depths.
　　Microbes living in the Arctic’s cold waters break down their food
using more different ways than organisms on land do.This process of
turning food into energy for growth， activities and reproduction is called
metabolism （新陈代谢）.These pathways also produce chemicals called
“secondary metabolites”.One day they might also help people.
　　During a four-year project called PharmaSeas， scientists made
thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples.In about a dozen of
them， researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of
today’s antibiotics cannot.Yet another mixture may reduce the
symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有些海洋生物所产生的有毒化学物
质对人类很有用，科学家们现在正在寻找其中可以用于治疗人类疾
病的化学物质。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有些海洋生物所产生的有毒化学物
质对人类很有用，科学家们现在正在寻找其中可以用于治疗人类疾
病的化学物质。
1. Why do some sea organisms produce poisonous chemicals？（　　）
A. To struggle for existence.
B. To benefit other creatures.
C. To change their environment.
D. To hide themselves in the sea.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的But many organisms （生
物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from
predators.可知，许多海洋生物会产生有毒的化学物质来抵御捕食
者，也就是说，海洋生物产生有毒的化学物质是为了生存。
2. What may threaten scientists’ lives when they work underwater
according to the text？（　　）
A. The darkness in the deep ocean.
B. Dangerous animals and currents.
C. Poisonous chemicals in the water.
D. The ocean floors dropping away quickly.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，对于需要潜
水工作的科学家来说，鲨鱼并不是海洋中最可怕的东西，因海底
落差产生的强大洋流也同样是致命的。由此可知，当科学家在水
下工作时，危险的动物和洋流会威胁他们的生命。
3. What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？（　　）
A. They have the same effects as today’s medicine.
B. They can treat many diseases.
C. They have unique functions.
D. They can kill all bacteria.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科学家们在
来自海底的样本里发现了混合物，它们可以杀死现在的一些抗生
素不能杀死的细菌。有一种混合物还能减轻阿尔茨海默病的症
状。由此可推知，这些来自海底样本的混合物有特殊的功能。
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage？
（　　）
A. Living Resources in the Ocean
B. Dangers of Diving in the Sea
C. Future Sources of Medicines
D. Diving for New Medicines
解析：　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句可
知，本文主要讲述了科学家们潜到海里收集各种海洋生物产生的
化学物质，用于制作药物。因此D项（潜水寻找新药）适合作文章
标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest.But after
challenging a（n） 　5　 path last April， the 45-year-old mechanic was
lost.
　　As the day faded into dusk， his concern turned to 　pean
climbed to a spot with one bar of 　7　.“I’m lost.SOS. My phone is
going to 　8　.” He texted the police， attaching a photo showing
where he was.The 　9　 showed his legs surrounded by an endless
landscape of rocks and plants.
　　All Compean could do then was wait and 　10　.The temperature
was dropping fast.After 　11　 two mountain lions and a bear， he kept
a big stick and some 　12　 rocks beside him in case an animal came close.
　　Kuo， 　13　 47， works in the tech industry， and always
loves 　14　 where photos are taken.When he saw the image of
Compean’s legs released on the Twitter， he pulled up a satellite
map.He 　15　 his search to the surrounding area after knowing
Compean’s car was parked near Buckhorn Campground.After
comparing it to the satellite map， Kuo 　16　 something：“He’s got
to be on the south side because there’s not really any 　17　 valleys on
the north side.” That finding tightened his search， and finally
the 　18　 matched！ Soon， Compean was saved.
　　Compean’s story probably would have ended very differently， had
a 　19　 with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail taken
action.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Rene Compean在洛杉矶国家森林迷
路了，Kuo通过对比照片和卫星地图找到了Rene Compean，最终
Rene Compean成功获救。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Rene Compean在洛杉矶国家森林迷
路了，Kuo通过对比照片和卫星地图找到了Rene Compean，最终
Rene Compean成功获救。
5. A. attractive B. new
C. rough D. natural
解析：　根据下文the 45-year-old mechanic was lost可知，这位机
械师挑战的是一条新路。
6. A. shock B. confusion
C. fear D. excitement
解析：　上文提到这位机械师迷路了，所以天色渐暗时，他开始
变得恐惧起来。
7. A. signal B. chocolate
C. light D. iron
解析：　根据下文My phone is going to ...和He texted the police
可知，Compean找到有信号的地方去发短信。
8. A. function B. rest C. break D. die
解析：　根据空前I’m lost.SOS. 可知，他的手机快没电了。
9. A. text B. video C. shot D. record
解析：　根据上文attaching a photo showing where he was可知，
此处指照片中显示他的双腿周围是无尽的岩石和植物。此处用名
词shot与上文photo相呼应。
10. A. sleep B. hope C. stare D. reflect
解析：　根据上一段描述可知，因为Compean迷路被困，所以
他只能等待和希望救援的到来。
11. A. observing B. fighting
C. hunting D. spotting
解析：　根据下文he kept a big stick和in case an animal came
close可知，他应该是发现了美洲狮和熊。
12. A. sharp B. shiny C. clean D. flat
解析：　根据下文in case an animal came close可知，为预防动物
袭击自己，他准备了一些锋利的石头。
13. A. then B. ever C. also D. just
解析：　本文介绍的是过去发生的一件事情，所以此处应用副
词then，表示那时Kuo 47岁。
14. A. going about B. talking about
C. leaving for D. looking for
解析：　根据下文When he saw the image of Compean’s legs
released on the Twitter， he pulled up a satellite map.可知，Kuo喜
欢查询照片的拍摄地。
15. A. changed B. counted
C. narrowed D. added
解析：　根据下文after knowing Compean’s car was parked near
Buckhorn Campground可知，因为Kuo知道了Compean停车的大概
位置，所以他把搜索范围缩小到了附近地区。
16. A. realised B. admitted
C. recalled D. imagined
解析：　根据上文After comparing it to the satellite map可知，
Kuo把照片和卫星地图进行对比后，意识到了一些问题。
17. A. bare B. green
C. deep D. dangerous
解析：　根据第二段中的by an endless landscape of rocks and
plants可知，Compean的双腿周围是无尽的岩石和植物，由此Kuo
判断Compean在南边，因为北部没有绿色的山谷。
18. A. figures B. actions
C. locations D. measures
解析：　根据下文Soon， Compean was saved.可知，Compean
最终获救了，也就是说Kuo找到了匹配的位置。
19. A. detective B. colleague
C. hiker D. stranger
解析：　根据上文描述可知，Kuo和Compean素不相识，所以对
于Compean来说，是陌生人Kuo的特殊卫星定位技术救了他。
谢谢观看！

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