资源简介

Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　STEPHEN HAWKING
维度一：品句填词
1.　　　　　　 （宇宙学） is the study of the origin and nature of the universe.
2.Being able to walk to work is an added 　　　　（意外收获） of the new job.
3.The number of tourists to the resort 　　　　　（减少） by 10% last year.
4.When there is no g　　　　　　 ， our feet no longer stay on the ground.
5.The g　　　　　　 architecture of the palace left us in awe.
6.She o　　　　　　 her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.
维度二：词形转换
1.He showed that the technique could 　　　　　（theoretical） be used to measure the size of stars.
2.She wanted to work for a bigger and more 　　　　　　（influence） newspaper.
3.His 　　　　　　（argue） was that public spending must be reduced.
4.The children have been 　　　　　　（complete） out of control since their father left.
维度三：选词填空
come up；be dedicated to；in spite of；range from；figure out；be designed to；all at once；be diagnosed with
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 his age， he still leads an active life.
2.Contemporary Chinese educational organization should not only stress learning and research， but 　　　　　　　　creativity.
3.The question 　　　　　　　　at the meeting whether we had enough money to conduct the research.
4.It can be difficult to 　　　　　　　　creative ways to finish the task.
5.Prices 　　　　　　　　$119 to 199， depending on the particular configuration.
6.Peter had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour when 　　　　　　　　the solution flashed across his mind.
7.Jane 　　　　　　　　　　　　a rare cancer， and was informed that high-risk surgery was her only chance of getting better.
8. The course 　　　　　　　　　　　　equip students for a career in computer science.
维度四：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.She is still very active， 　　　　　　　　　　（尽管） her advancing years.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （随着太阳落山）， the sky turned a brilliant orange.
3.Due to environmental awareness， the use of plastic bags is 　　　　　　　　（正在减少）.
4.His story is an inspiration for everyone on how to 　　　　　　　　　　　　（克服困难） and achieve success.
维度五：课文语法填空
　　On 14 March， 2018， one of the world’s most 1.　　　　　　 （influence） scientists， Stephen Hawking， died at his home.He was famous not only for his great achievements but for 2.　　　　　　 （overcome） the challenges of ALS.When Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge， he was diagnosed 3.　　　　　　 ALS， who was only expected 4.　　　　　　　　 （live） for a few years.In the 5.　　　　　 （follow） years， his illness got worse.Although his physical 6.　　　　　　 （ability） declined， he never 7.　　　　　　 （cease） his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.In his books， as well as at the opening of the London 2012 Olympics， Hawking encouraged us to be 8.　　　　　　 （curiosity） about the world.
　　In spite of his disease， Hawking didn’t consider himself unlucky.In his opinion， ever since 21， everything has been 9.　　　　　　bonus to him.And he believed this was because of the help 10.　　　　　　 he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Garry Kasparov， a Russian chess grandmaster， was defeated by IBM’s Deep Blue computer in 1997.
　　“The winner was not a grandmaster with an advanced PC but a pair of common American chess players using three computers at the same time，” he said.
　　Human-machine cooperation can improve what each partner does best： humans are great at making creative decisions based on knowledge while computers are good at using large amounts of data to produce information that will feed into human knowledge and decision making.We use this combination of AI and unique human skills every day， often without realising it.A few examples：
　　 Using Internet search engines to find content that will be helpful in preparing for a school task.
　　 Using a translation algorithm （算法） to produce a first draft of a document in a different language， then improving the style and grammar of the final document.
　　 Driving a car to an unknown destination using a smartphone GPS application to go through alternative routes based on real-time traffic information.
　　Netflix is a great example of this cooperation at its best.By using machine-learning algorithms to analyse how often and how long people watch their content， they can determine how engaging each story is to certain audiences.This information is used by screenwriters， producers and directors to better understand what and how to create new content.
　　Likewise， architects can rely on computers to adjust the functional aspects of their work.Software engineers can focus on the overall systems structure while machines provide ready-to-use information.Marketers rely on big data to determine how to better understand customer needs and develop better products and services.
　　None of these tasks could be accomplished by AI without human guidance.On the contrary， human creativity and productivity will be widely used by this AI support， allowing to achieve better quality solutions at lower costs.
1.What defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997 in his opinion？（　　）
A.The excellent computer skills. B.The advanced high technology.
C.The first-class chess grandmaster. D.The combination of man and machine.
2.What does the author want to stress by giving some examples in Paragraphs 4－6？（　　）
A.Human-machine cooperation is very easy.
B.Human-machine cooperation is quite common.
C.New technology is widely used in our lives.
D.New technology benefits people in many ways.
3.What’s the final purpose of Netflix’s using machine-learning algorithms？（　　）
A.To improve its products. B.To lower its product costs.
C.To gather more information. D.To understand its audiences.
4.What message is conveyed in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.AI will control human beings in the future.
B.Human beings will still matter in the future.
C.Humans will help machines make better decisions.
D.Machines will make humans become more creative.
B
　　If you ask Generation Z — those born after 1995 and in the 2000s — what the current fashion craze in China is， “new Chinese style” will likely be the answer.After gaining great popularity during this year’s Spring Festival in February， the perfect combination of traditional Chinese aesthetics （美学） and modern style continues to win young people’s hearts during spring and summer， becoming a buzzword in the domestic consumer market.
　 On social media platforms like Douyin and Xiaohongshu， the “new Chinese style” remains a hot topic.E-commerce data from short video platform Kuaishou showed that in the first quarter of this year， orders for products of “new Chinese style” increased by 700 percent compared to the same period last year.
　　“Our orders are booked six months in advance， with a compound annual growth rate of over 100 percent in revenue，” says Lin Qi， inheritor of the craftsmanship for making mamianqun， horse-face skirts， and the founder of a clothing brand.The horse-face skirt is a type of hanfu， featuring a high， flat front and pleated （有褶的） sides that originated in the Song Dynasty and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
　　In 2016， Lin started creating unique horse-face skirts， initially selling only a dozen pieces in a year.In just a few years， the annual sales volume of horse-face skirts her company made has soared to an impressive 100，000 pieces.
　　The horse-face skirt has evolved into a more diverse fashion item.To cater to different occasions， it now comes in various lengths， from full-length to midi-and knee-length.To meet the demands of various seasons， the fabric has also seen improvements， transitioning from thick wool knits to lightweight cotton， linen and silk.
　　“The popularity of the horse-face skirt is closely related to the growing interest in traditional culture.Consumers not only pay for the clothing itself but also appreciate the aesthetic significance and cultural value it carries.This phenomenon reflects the general public feel pretty confident about our traditional culture，” says Yang Xiaodong， vice-president of the China National Garment Association.
5.What makes the “new Chinese style” popular？（　　）
A.Its traditional Chinese aesthetics.
B.Its combining the old and the new.
C.Its modern and fashionable designs.
D.Its being sold on social media platforms.
6.What can we learn about the horse-face skirt？（　　）
A.It’s pleated on the front. B.It’s pleated on both sides.
C.It was first worn by soldiers. D.It has a history of over 1，200 years.
7.What does the underlined word “soared” in Paragraph 4 mean？（　　）
A.Changed.　　　　　　 B.Improved.
C.Increased. D.Developed.
8.What’s behind the popularity of the horse-face skirt according to Yang Xiaodong？（　　）
A.People’s following the fashion. B.People’s preference for the past.
C.People’s seeking to be different. D.People’s strong cultural confidence.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　A girl named Sammy didn’t want to make friends because of her looks.She was 　9　 and whenever she met anyone， they just made unfair comments on her.　10　， she decided to hide herself because of 　11　.
9.（　）A.short　　　　　　 B.lazy
C.fat D.slow
10.（　）A.However B.Instead
C.Otherwise D.Therefore
11.（　）A.criticism B.hesitation
C.refusal D.ignorance
　　Her parents were poor， so she 　12　 a part-time job as a baker during the summer holiday.On her first day， she was teased by some employees for being fat and not doing work 　13　.She cried a lot， but she did not have any better 　14　， for she had to 　15　 her schooling fees.So she worked with patience and decided to 　16　 them.After 2-3 months she became their favourite because she did most of the work and other employees could 　17　.Having struggled so much， she was fully 　18　 from inside and just wanted to quit everything but she could not.
　　One day on a bus， she saw a quote on someone’s shirt saying “Your 　19　 can stand almost anything， it’s your mind that you need to convince.” and she got 　20　.For the first time in her life she was full of 　21　 and feeling reborn.Her perception totally changed towards people and love.　22　， Sammy accepted her body and started making 　23　.
12.（　）A.quitted B.started
C.needed D.changed
13.（　）A.casually B.bravely
C.regularly D.properly
14.（　）A.time B.habit
C.task D.choice
15.（　）A.charge B.earn
C.reduce D.estimate
16.（　）A.adjust to B.count on
C.play with D.believe in
17.（　）A.resist B.progress
C.rest D.explore
18.（　）A.focused B.relaxed
C.broken D.frozen
19.（　）A.body B.family
C.work D.study
20.（　）A.confused B.frightened
C.calmed D.inspired
21.（　）A.wisdom B.confidence
C.imagination D.gratitude
22.（　）A.Occasionally B.Previously
C.Purposefully D.Eventually
23.（　）A.friends B.plans
C.decisions D.cakes
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　The founder of one of the first big companies to switch to a four-day working week has called on others 24.　　　　　　 （follow）， claiming it has resulted in a 20% rise 25.　　　　　　 productivity， appeared to have helped increase profits and improved staff wellbeing.
　　Analysis of one of the biggest trials yet of the four-day working week has revealed no fall in output， reduced stress and increased staff engagement， increasing hopes 26.　　　　　　 a better work-life balance for millions could be in sight.
　　Perpetual Guardian， a New Zealand financial services company， 27.　　　　　　 （switch） its 240 staff from a five-day to a four-day week last November and maintained 28.　　　　　　 （they） pay.Productivity increased in the four days they worked， so there was no drop in the total amount of work 29.　　　　　　 （do）， a study of the trial released on Tuesday has revealed.
　　“We need to get more companies to give 30.　　　　　　 a go.They will be surprised at the 31.　　　　　　 （improve） in their company， their staff and in their wider community，” said Andrew Barnes， Perpetual Guardian’s founder.
The eight-week experiment was 32.　　　　　　 （close） watched by employers and policymakers around the world.Perpetual Guardian 33.　　　　　　 （receive） more than 350 requests for information about the trial from 28 countries so far.Most have come from organisations in the UK， followed by Australia， the US and Germany.
Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　STEPHEN HAWKING
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Cosmology　2.bonus　3.declined　4.gravity　5.grand
6.overcame
维度二
1.theoretically　2.influential　3.argument　4.completely
维度三
1.In spite of　2.be dedicated to　3.came up　4.figure out
5.range from　6.all at once　7.was diagnosed with
8.is designed to
维度四
1.in spite of
2.As the sun set
3.on the decline
4.overcome difficulties
维度五
1.influential　2.overcoming　3.with　4.to live
5.following　6.abilities　7.ceased　8.curious　9.a
10.that/which
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在科技飞速发展的今天以及明天，人与科技的关系将会怎样呢？答案永远是——人机合作。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，俄罗斯象棋大师Garry Kasparov认为，打败他的不是一位使用高级电脑的象棋大师，而是两位普通棋手和三台电脑的合作。
2.B　细节理解题。一般来说，作者在举例之前都会先表明自己的观点，因为举例是为了证明自己的观点。因此，A few examples前面的句子（说明人工智能与人类合作的普遍）正是作者举例的目的。
3.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，Netflix利用机器学习算法的确收集了信息也了解了观众，但是其最终目的是提供更优质的内容。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，在未来人类的创造性将广泛地与人工智能配合发挥作用，离开人的指导很多事情都是无法完成的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果你问Z世代（95后和00后），目前中国的时装热潮是什么，“新中式服装”可能会是答案，而马面裙是其中的典型代表。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the perfect combination of traditional Chinese aesthetics （美学） and modern style continues to win young people’s hearts可知，新中式服装凭着将中国传统美学与现代风格完美结合而继续赢得年轻人的心。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，马面裙是汉服的一种，其特点是前面平整，侧面打褶；马面裙起源于宋朝，并在明朝和清朝流行起来。
7.C　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词前面的initially selling only a dozen pieces和画线词后面的to an impressive 100，000 pieces可知，马面裙的销量大幅增长了。因此画线词与C项意思相近。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Yang Xiaodong认为，马面裙的火爆说明人们对传统文化的兴趣以及信心。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了起初因为肥胖而不自信的女孩Sammy因受一句话的鼓舞而变得自信的故事。
9.C　下文she was teased by some employees for being fat中的fat为原词复现，此处是说她很胖。
10.D　根据上下文语境可知，Sammy把自己隐藏起来是受到不公平评价的结果。
11.A　根据上文unfair comments可知，此处指批评。
12.B　根据上文Her parents were poor可知，因为家里穷，所以她在暑假开始了一份兼职工作。
13.D　根据上文she was teased by some employees for being fat and可知，她因肥胖和工作做不好而被嘲笑。
14.D　根据语境可知，虽然因被嘲笑而暗地里哭了很多次，但Sammy仍然忍气吞声地坚持做这份兼职，因为没有更好的选择，她必须挣钱攒学费。
15.B　参见上题解析。
16.A　根据上文So she worked with patience and可知，Sammy耐心工作，并决定调整自己以适应那些不公平的评价。
17.C　根据上文she did most of the work可知，她把大部分工作都做完了，这样其他员工就可以休息了。
18.C　根据上文Having struggled so much可知，她忙碌了很久，因此身心俱疲、想要放弃。broken表示“身心疲惫的”。
19.A　与下文mind相对的自然是body，文章最后一句话中的body也是提示。
20.D　上文“你的身体几乎可以承受任何东西，但你需要说服的是你的思想”是一句鼓舞人心的话，因此Sammy备受鼓舞。
21.B　根据上下文语境可知，Sammy经常因肥胖而被嘲笑，一度想把自己隐藏起来，但无意中看到的一句鼓舞人心的话让她备受鼓舞，信心大增。
22.D　根据下文Sammy accepted her body可知，最终，Sammy接受了自己的体形。
23.A　根据文章第一句中的make friends可知，此处指交朋友。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。新西兰一家公司采取（一周）四天工作制，其结果出乎人们的意料。
24.to follow　这里需要宾语补足语，因此填入动词不定式形式to follow。
25.in　本句表示生产力（率）取得了20%的增长。介词in表示“在某个方面”。
26.that　名词hopes后面表示“希望”的具体内容，是一个同位语从句，因此填入连词that。
27.switched　根据下文可知，这里在讲述过去发生的事，因此用一般过去时。
28.their　本空后面是名词pay，因此填入一个形容词性物主代词。
29.done　这里表示“被做的”工作，因此用过去分词done作后置定语，修饰前面的名词work。
30.it　give it a go是一个固定表达，表示“尝试一下”。
31.improvement　空前的定冠词the暗示这里应用一个名词。
32.closely　本空后面是动词watched，因此填入副词closely。
33.has received　本句后面的时间状语so far暗示这里应用现在完成时。
4 / 5Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　STEPHEN HAWKING
　　On 14 March， 2018， one of the world’s most influential scientists， Stephen Hawking， died at his home in England， aged 76.Hawking was famous， not just for his brilliant work in theoretical① physics and cosmology②， but also for overcoming③ the challenges of ALS （a disease that affects muscle control）.
　　Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January， 1942， in Oxford.He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959.[1]At the age of 21， when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge， physicians discovered he had a rare， slow-progressing④ form of ALS.He was only expected to live for a few years.
　　Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.[2]In the early stages⑤ of his career， his illness got worse， but he was allowed to do research only rather than⑥ teach， which was easier for him.In 1985， he had to have an operation.As a result， he lost his speech.Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak.[3]However， as his illness became worse， he lost the use of his hands.
　　[1]句中when引导时间状语从句。
　　[2]句中but连接两个并列句；第二个分句中的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰第二个并列句的主句内容。
　　[3]句中as引导时间状语从句。
　　[4]Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined⑦ over decades， he never ceased⑧ his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.Hawking believed that the birth of the universe （the “Big Bang”） created many small black holes.[5]His theory was that there was a sort of⑨ hole in the centre of a black hole.This hole led to another universe， completely separate from our own.
　　[4]句中Although引导让步状语从句。
　　[5]句中that引导表语从句。
　　Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book， A Brief History of Time： From the Big Bang to Black Holes， sold one copy⑩ for every 750 people on Earth.[6]However， many people could not really understand what he had written.Therefore， Hawking decided to write a simpler version， A Briefer History of Time （2005）.
　　In The Grand Design （2010， with Leonard Mlodinow）， Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.[7]Instead of trying to find one big new explanation， scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
　　At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics， Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet ...be curious.”
　　In spite of his disease， Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.He said it had not prevented him from having a family， and being successful in his work.“My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bonus .” [8] And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.
　　WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE？
　　A black hole is a place in space where gravity is very strong.Anything that falls into it never comes out.Nothing can escape from it， not even light.As a result， it is impossible to see a black hole.
　　[6]句中what引导宾语从句。
　　[7]句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the ideas。
　　[8]句中believed后面是省略了that的宾语从句；help后面是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the help。
【读文清障】
①theoretical adj.理论的
②cosmology n.宇宙论，宇宙学
③overcome vt.克服（困难），控制（感情）；征服，战胜
④slow-progressing adj.进展缓慢的
⑤stage n.阶段
⑥rather than 而不是
⑦decline vi.减少，降低
⑧cease vi.& vt.停止，终止，结束
⑨a sort of 一种；有点，有几分
⑩copy n.一份；复制品
grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
instead of 代替；而不是
put together 拼凑，组合，把……放一起
look up at 抬头看
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……（仍……）
expectation n.预期，期待
be reduced to 减少到……；沦落为……；陷入某种状态
bonus n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
a large number of 许多，大量
gravity n.重力，引力
【参考译文】
　　2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症（一种影响肌肉控制的疾病）的挑战而令人敬佩。
　　1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。
　　后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，随着他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。
　　尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时（即“宇宙大爆炸”）创造了许多小黑洞，在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
　　霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》（2005）。
　　在《宏伟设计》（2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著）一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与其说尝试寻找一个全新的解释，科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。
　　2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
　　尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和其他很多人和机构的帮助。
什么是黑洞？
　　黑洞是宇宙空间中引力极其强大的地方，落入黑洞的任何物质都不可能再出来。任何东西，包括光，都无法从黑洞中逃脱。因此，黑洞是无法直接观测到的。
Step One： Pre-reading
　Have you heard about Stephen Hawking？ Please search for information about him and try to introduce Stephen Hawking to your partner as detailed as possible.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
　What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A.The analysis of Stephen Hawking’s theory.
B.The description of Stephen Hawking’s achievements.
C.The introduction of the great physicist Stephen Hawking.
D.The summary of Stephen Hawking’s influence on humans.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Where is the text most likely from？（　　）
A.A magazine.　　　　 B.A biography.
C.The website. D.A novel.
2.When was he diagnosed with his illness？（　　）
A.His first year at the University of Oxford.
B.After he found a job in Cambridge.
C.After he raised the idea of black holes.
D.His first year at the University of Cambridge.
3.How does the author develop the article？（　　）
A.By the order of space.
B.By the order of time.
C.By listing a lot of figures.
D.By giving a lot of examples.
4.Which of the following words can best describe Stephen Hawking？（　　）
A.Talented and optimistic.
B.Talented and pessimistic.
C.Discouraged and optimistic.
D.Unlucky and optimistic.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.长难句分析
1.In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse， but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach， which was easier for him.
句式分析 此句是but连接的　　　　，主语分别是　　　　　　　　和　　　　　　； 第二个并列句中包含了which引导的　　　　　　　　从句，修饰主句内容。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
句式分析 此句是　　　　，Although引导　　　　从句，decline意为“　　　　　”， cease意为“　　　　　　　　”。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.讨论
1.What do you think this saying by Stephen Hawking means：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet ...be curious.” in Paragraph 7？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What kind of person is Stephen Hawking？What is the definition of scientific spirit？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心词汇集释
overcome vt.克服（困难），控制（感情）；征服，战胜
【教材原句】　Hawking was famous， not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology， but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS （a disease that affects muscle control）.
霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症（一种影响肌肉控制的疾病）的挑战而令人敬佩。
【用法】
overcome difficulties　　　　　 克服困难 overcome one’s shyness/fear（s） 克服羞怯/恐惧 overcome the enemy/opponent 战胜敌人/对手 be overcome with ... 因……而不能自持
【佳句】　The young man overcame many difficulties and graduated with a first-class degree.
这个年轻人克服了很多困难，以一等的学位成绩毕业。 （人物介绍）
Failures can help us learn and overcome fears.
失败可以帮助我们学习并克服恐惧。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Overcome 　　　　　　　　a wave of frustration， she felt at a loss as to how to respond to his angry words.
②She 　　　　　　　　（overcome） with emotion and was thankful that she had made that call， even though she did not know why she had done it.
【写美】　完成句子
③Because we are confident about ourselves， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
因为我们对自己有信心，我们会克服学习中的任何困难。
decline vi.减少，降低 n.衰落，衰败；减少；下降
【教材原句】　Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades， he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
【用法】
（1）be in decline　　　　 处于下降/衰退中 on the decline 在衰退，在消减 decline in ... 在……方面减少/下降 （2）decline by/to 下降了/到…… decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
【佳句】　The old man’s health is on the decline， he needs proper care and attention.
这位老人的健康状况正在下降，他需要适当的照顾和关注。
【点津】　表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It is reported that the temperature will decline 　　　　　　－2 ℃ in one or two days.
②Spotted owls are 　　　　　　the decline despite two decades of work to bring them back.
③When interviewed， he declined to 　　　　　（discuss） his plan with the newspaper men.
【写美】　词汇升级
④The number of people who like reading has been decreasing in the past few years.
→The number of people who like reading has been 　　　　　　　　　　　　in the past few years.
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……（仍……）
【教材原句】　In spite of his disease， Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.
尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
【用法】
（1）in spite of为介词短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，不能接从句，相当于despite。 （2）“in spite of/despite＋名词”所表达的意义相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。 （3）regardless of意为“不管，不顾”，其后可接whether， what引导的从句。
【佳句】　John still helped us warmly in spite of being quite tired after working eight hours.
尽管工作八个小时后已经很疲惫了，但约翰仍然热情地帮助我们。 （人物描写）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 spite of the hot weather， students still practice on the playground.
②Well finish the task on time regardless 　　　　　　what might happen.
③In spite of 　　　　　　（fail） to save every endangered species， we may preserve the majority from extinction.
【写美】　同义句转换
④Although we made efforts， we still lost the game.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we still lost the game.
重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导状语从句
【教材原句】　However， as his illness became worse， he lost the use of his hands.
但是，随着他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。
【用法】
as用作连词的主要用法如下： （1）as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边……一边……”，多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生； （2）as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”； （3）as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句通常用部分倒装语序（把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面，单数可数名词提前时应省略冠词）； （4）as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，依照”； （5）as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”，常用于“as （副词） ...as （连词） ...”和“not as/so ...as”结构中。
【品悟】　We all felt very proud as we watched the national flag rising in the Olmpic Games on TV.
当我们在电视上看到国旗在奥运会上升起时，我们都感到非常自豪。
【点津】　as引导时间状语从句时，意为“随着……”，意思与with相同，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， it took an hour before we arrived at the destination.
由于我们是第一次来这里，用了一个小时我们才到达目的地。
②However exact our science is， we cannot know the future 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不管我们的科学多么准确，我们都不能像了解过去那样了解未来。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， nobody had the thought of giving up.
尽管处境困难，但没有人想过放弃。
④She dances 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她跳舞和她妹妹一样优雅。
⑤随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应变得更加重要。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the supply of food becomes more important.（with）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the supply of food becomes more important.（as）
Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　STEPHEN HAWKING
【文本透析·剖语篇】
Step One
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942 and died in 2018.He was an English physicist and author who worked at the University of Cambridge.Despite his serious illness， he made major contributions to the field of general relativity.One of his scientific achievements was his theoretical prediction that black holes give out radiation， which has since been named “Hawking Radiation” after him.Hawking’s popular science books have also achieved wide success， in which he discusses his theories in general.A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and stayed on the British Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.Hawking’s contributions to physics earned him many exceptional honours.In 2002，he was ranked number 25 in the BBC’s poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.
Step Two
Ⅰ.C
Ⅱ.1－4　CDBA
Ⅲ.1.influential　2.physics　3.illness　4.2005
5.universe　6.curious　7.unlucky　8.bonus
Step Three
Ⅰ.1.并列句　his illness　he　非限制性定语
职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。
2.复合句　让步状语　下滑，衰退　（使）停止，终止
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
Ⅱ.1.It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and worry too much about unimportant matters.We should think on a larger scale and be curious about nature and the simple things of life.
2.①We saw the determination and devotion to accuracy and truth on the part of Stephen Hawking from his youngest days through the decades he fought for his body while his mind progressed into the arena of geniuses.
②The definition of scientific spirit is to， above all else， be willing and able to grasp a problem or a question and not let go of it until knowledge， creative power， and collaboration have brought a clear answer.Then this same mind must believe in its findings enough to bravely present them， prove， and perfect them for the betterment of the quality and sustainability of life all over the world.It is to look squarely， ask questions， and never give up trying.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①with　②was overcome
③we will overcome any difficulty in our studies
2.①to　②on　③discuss　④in decline/on the decline
3.①In　②of　③failing
④Despite/In spite of all our efforts
重点句型解构
　①As we came here for the first time　②as we know the past
③Difficult as the situation was　④as gracefully as her sister （does）　⑤With the world’s population continuing to grow； As the world’s population continues to grow
7 / 7(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　STEPHEN HAWKING
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
　　On 14 March， 2018， one of the world’s most influential
scientists， Stephen Hawking， died at his home in England， aged
76.Hawking was famous， not just for his brilliant work in theoretical①
physics and cosmology②， but also for overcoming③ the challenges of
ALS （a disease that affects muscle control）.
　　Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January， 1942， in Oxford.He
went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959.[1]At the age
of 21， when Hawking spent his first year at the University of
Cambridge， physicians discovered he had a rare， slow-progressing④
form of ALS. He was only expected to live for a few years.
　　Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in
Cambridge.[2]In the early stages⑤ of his career， his illness got worse，
but he was allowed to do research only rather than⑥ teach， which was
easier for him.In 1985， he had to have an operation.As a result， he lost
his speech.Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating
equipment that allowed him to speak.[3]However， as his illness became
worse， he lost the use of his hands.
　　[1]句中when引导时间状语从句。
　　[2]句中but连接两个并列句；第二个分句中的which引导非限制
性定语从句，修饰第二个并列句的主句内容。
　　[3]句中as引导时间状语从句。
【读文清障】
①theoretical adj.理论的
②cosmology n.宇宙论，宇宙学
③overcome vt.克服（困难），控制（感情）；征服，战胜
④slow-progressing adj.进展缓慢的
⑤stage n.阶段
⑥rather than 而不是
　　[4]Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined⑦ over
decades， he never ceased⑧ his studies and he developed a number of
new ideas about black holes.Hawking believed that the birth of the
universe （the “Big Bang”） created many small black holes.[5]His
theory was that there was a sort of⑨ hole in the centre of a black hole.This
hole led to another universe， completely separate from our own.
　　[4]句中Although引导让步状语从句。
　　[5]句中that引导表语从句。
⑦decline vi.减少，降低
⑧cease vi.& vt.停止，终止，结束
⑨a sort of 一种；有点，有几分
　　Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book， A Brief History of
Time： From the Big Bang to Black Holes， sold one copy⑩ for every
750 people on Earth.[6]However， many people could not really
understand what he had written.Therefore， Hawking decided to write a
simpler version， A Briefer History of Time （2005）.
　　In The Grand Design （2010， with Leonard Mlodinow），
Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the
deepest secrets of the universe.[7]Instead of trying to find one big new
explanation， scientists should put together all the ideas that they
already have.
⑩copy n.一份；复制品
grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
instead of 代替；而不是
put together 拼凑，组合，把……放一起
　　[6]句中what引导宾语从句。
　　[7]句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the ideas。
　
　　At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics， Hawking said to a
TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at the stars and not
down at your feet ...be curious.”
　　In spite of his disease， Hawking didn’t consider himself an
unlucky man.He said it had not prevented him from having a family，
and being successful in his work.“My expectations were reduced to
zero when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bonus .” [8] And
he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a
large number of people and organisations.
　
　　A black hole is a place in space where gravity is very
strong.Anything that falls into it never comes out.Nothing can escape
from it， not even light.As a result， it is impossible to see a black hole.
　　[8]句中believed后面是省略了that的宾语从句；help后面是省略
了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the help。
　WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE？
look up at 抬头看
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……（仍……）
expectation n.预期，期待
be reduced to 减少到……；沦落为……；陷入某种状态
bonus n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
a large number of 许多，大量
gravity n.重力，引力
【参考译文】
　　2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍
金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙
学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症（一种影
响肌肉控制的疾病）的挑战而令人敬佩。
　　1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学
习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患
有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。
　　后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的
病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来
说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，
医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，随着他的病情继
续恶化，手也动不了了。
　　尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过
研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时（即“宇宙大
爆炸”）创造了许多小黑洞，在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向
另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
　　霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一
书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理
解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》
（2005）。
　　在《宏伟设计》（2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著）一
书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘
密。与其说尝试寻找一个全新的解释，科学家们不如把他们已经有的
想法汇集起来。
　　2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星
空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
　　尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这
并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁
时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自
己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和其他很多人和机构的帮助。
什么是黑洞？
　　黑洞是宇宙空间中引力极其强大的地方，落入黑洞的任何物质
都不可能再出来。任何东西，包括光，都无法从黑洞中逃脱。因
此，黑洞是无法直接观测到的。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
Step One： Pre-reading
　Have you heard about Stephen Hawking？ Please search for
information about him and try to introduce Stephen Hawking to your
partner as detailed as possible.






Stephen Hawking was born in 1942 and died in 2018.He was an English
physicist and author who worked at the University of Cambridge.Despite
his serious illness， he made major contributions to the field of general
relativity.One of his scientific achievements was his theoretical prediction
that black holes give out radiation， which has since been named








“Hawking Radiation” after him.Hawking’s popular science books
have also achieved wide success， in which he discusses his theories in
general.A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and stayed on the
British Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237
weeks.Hawking’s contributions to physics earned him many exceptional
honours.In 2002，he was ranked number 25 in the BBC’s poll of the
100 Greatest Britons.
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
　What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A. The analysis of Stephen Hawking’s theory.
B. The description of Stephen Hawking’s achievements.
C. The introduction of the great physicist Stephen Hawking.
D. The summary of Stephen Hawking’s influence on humans.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Where is the text most likely from？（　　）
A. A magazine. B. A biography.
C. The website. D. A novel.
2. When was he diagnosed with his illness？（　　）
A. His first year at the University of Oxford.
B. After he found a job in Cambridge.
C. After he raised the idea of black holes.
D. His first year at the University of Cambridge.
3. How does the author develop the article？（　　）
A. By the order of space.
B. By the order of time.
C. By listing a lot of figures.
D. By giving a lot of examples.
4. Which of the following words can best describe Stephen Hawking？
（　　）
A. Talented and optimistic.
B. Talented and pessimistic.
C. Discouraged and optimistic.
D. Unlucky and optimistic.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.长难句分析
1. In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse， but he was
allowed to do research only rather than teach， which was easier for
him.
句式分析 此句是but连接的 ，主语分别是
和 ； 第二个并列句中包含了which引导的
从句，修饰主句内容。
自主翻译

并列句　
his illness　
he　
非限制性定语　
职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许
他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。　
2. Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades，he
never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about
black holes.
句式分析 此句是 ，Although引导 从句，
decline意为“ ”， cease意为“
”。
自主翻译

复合句　
让步状语　
下滑，衰退　
（使）停止，终
止　
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他
从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。　
Ⅱ.讨论
1. What do you think this saying by Stephen Hawking means：
“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet ...be
curious.” in Paragraph 7？



It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and worry too
much about unimportant matters.We should think on a larger scale and
be curious about nature and the simple things of life.
2. What kind of person is Stephen Hawking？What is the definition of
scientific spirit？




①We saw the determination and devotion to accuracy and truth on the
part of Stephen Hawking from his youngest days through the decades
he fought for his body while his mind progressed into the arena of
geniuses.







②The definition of scientific spirit is to， above all else， be willing
and able to grasp a problem or a question and not let go of it until
knowledge， creative power， and collaboration have brought a clear
answer.Then this same mind must believe in its findings enough to
bravely present them， prove， and perfect them for the betterment of
the quality and sustainability of life all over the world.It is to look
squarely， ask questions， and never give up trying.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
核心词汇集释
overcome vt.克服（困难），控制（感情）；征服，战胜
【教材原句】　Hawking was famous， not just for his brilliant work in
theoretical physics and cosmology， but also for overcoming the
challenges of ALS （a disease that affects muscle control）.霍金不仅因
在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩
侧索硬化症（一种影响肌肉控制的疾病）的挑战而令人敬佩。
【用法】
overcome difficulties　 克服困难
overcome one’s shyness/fear（s）　　克服羞怯/恐惧
overcome the enemy/opponent　　战胜敌人/对手
be overcome with ...　　因……而不能自持
【佳句】　The young man overcame many difficulties and graduated
with a first-class degree.这个年轻人克服了很多困难，以一等的学位成
绩毕业。 （人物介绍）
Failures can help us learn and overcome fears.
失败可以帮助我们学习并克服恐惧。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Overcome a wave of frustration， she felt at a loss as to how
to respond to his angry words.
②She （overcome） with emotion and was thankful
that she had made that call， even though she did not know why she had
done it.
with　
was overcome　
【写美】　完成句子
③Because we are confident about ourselves，
.
因为我们对自己有信心，我们会克服学习中的任何困难。
we will overcome any
difficulty in our studies　
decline vi.减少，降低 n.衰落，衰败；减少；下降
【教材原句】　Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over
decades， he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new
ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研
究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
【用法】
（1）be in decline　　　 处于下降/衰退中
on the decline　　在衰退，在消减
decline in ...　　在……方面减少/下降
（2）decline by/to　　下降了/到……
decline to do sth　　拒绝做某事
【佳句】　The old man’s health is on the decline， he needs proper
care and attention.这位老人的健康状况正在下降，他需要适当的照顾
和关注。
【点津】　表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常
跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟
具体数字。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It is reported that the temperature will decline －2 ℃ in one or
two days.
②Spotted owls are the decline despite two decades of work to
bring them back.
③When interviewed， he declined to （discuss） his plan
with the newspaper men.
to　
on　
discuss　
【写美】　词汇升级
④The number of people who like reading has been decreasing in the past
few years.
→The number of people who like reading has been
in the past few years.
in decline/on the
decline　
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……（仍……）
【教材原句】　In spite of his disease， Hawking didn’t consider
himself an unlucky man.
尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
【用法】
（1）in spite of为介词短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，不能
接从句，相当于despite。
（2）“in spite of/despite＋名词”所表达的意义相当于
although/though引导的让步状语从句。
（3）regardless of意为“不管，不顾”，其后可接whether， what引
导的从句。
【佳句】　John still helped us warmly in spite of being quite tired after
working eight hours.
尽管工作八个小时后已经很疲惫了，但约翰仍然热情地帮助我们。
（人物描写）
【练透】　单句语法填空
① spite of the hot weather， students still practice on the
playground.
②Well finish the task on time regardless what might happen.
③In spite of （fail） to save every endangered species， we
may preserve the majority from extinction.
In　
of　
failing　
【写美】　同义句转换
④Although we made efforts， we still lost the game.
→ ， we still lost the game.
Despite/In spite of all our efforts　
重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导状语从句
【教材原句】　However， as his illness became worse， he lost the use
of his hands.
但是，随着他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。
【用法】
as用作连词的主要用法如下：
（1）as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边……一边……”，多
强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生；
（2）as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”；
（3）as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句通常用部分
倒装语序（把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面，单数可数
名词提前时应省略冠词）；
（4）as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，依照”；
（5）as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”，常用于“as （副
词） ...as （连词） ...”和“not as/so ...as”结构中。
【品悟】　We all felt very proud as we watched the national flag rising
in the Olmpic Games on TV.
当我们在电视上看到国旗在奥运会上升起时，我们都感到非常自豪。
【点津】　as引导时间状语从句时，意为“随着……”，意思与with
相同，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
① ， it took an hour before we
arrived at the destination.
由于我们是第一次来这里，用了一个小时我们才到达目的地。
②However exact our science is， we cannot know the future
.
不管我们的科学多么准确，我们都不能像了解过去那样了解未来。
③ ， nobody had the thought of giving
up.
尽管处境困难，但没有人想过放弃。
As we came here for the first time　
as we
know the past　
Difficult as the situation was　
④She dances .
她跳舞和她妹妹一样优雅。
⑤随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应变得更加重要。
→ ， the supply of
food becomes more important.（with）
→ ， the supply of food
becomes more important.（as）
as gracefully as her sister （does）　
With the world’s population continuing to grow　
As the world’s population continues to grow　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. （宇宙学） is the study of the origin and nature of
the universe.
2. Being able to walk to work is an added （意外收获） of
the new job.
3. The number of tourists to the resort （减少） by 10%
last year.
Cosmology　
bonus　
declined　
4. When there is no g ， our feet no longer stay on the ground.
5. The g architecture of the palace left us in awe.
6. She o her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.
ravity　
rand　
vercame　
维度二：词形转换
1. He showed that the technique could （theoretical）
be used to measure the size of stars.
2. She wanted to work for a bigger and more
（influence） newspaper.
3. His （argue） was that public spending must be
reduced.
4. The children have been （complete） out of control
since their father left.
theoretically　
influential　
argument　
completely　
维度三：选词填空
come up；be dedicated to；in spite of；range from；figure out；be
designed to；all at once；be diagnosed with
1. his age， he still leads an active life.
2. Contemporary Chinese educational organization should not only stress
learning and research， but creativity.
3. The question at the meeting whether we had enough
money to conduct the research.
4. It can be difficult to creative ways to finish the task.
In spite of　
be dedicated to　
came up　
figure out　
5. Prices $119 to 199， depending on the particular
configuration.
6. Peter had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour when
the solution flashed across his mind.
7. Jane a rare cancer， and was informed that
high-risk surgery was her only chance of getting better.
8. The course equip students for a career in computer
science.
range from　
all at
once　
was diagnosed with　
is designed to　
维度四：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. She is still very active， （尽管） her advancing
years.
2. （随着太阳落山）， the sky turned a brilliant
orange.
3. Due to environmental awareness， the use of plastic bags is
（正在减少）.
4. His story is an inspiration for everyone on how to
（克服困难） and achieve success.
in spite of　
As the sun set　
on the
decline　
overcome
difficulties　
维度五：课文语法填空
　　On 14 March， 2018， one of the world’s most 1.
（influence） scientists， Stephen Hawking， died at his home.He was
famous not only for his great achievements but for 2.
（overcome） the challenges of ALS. When Hawking spent his first year
at the University of Cambridge， he was diagnosed 3. ALS，
who was only expected 4. （live） for a few years.In the
5. （follow） years， his illness got worse.Although his
influential　
overcoming　
with　
to live　
following　
physical 6. （ability） declined， he never 7. （cease） his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.In his
books， as well as at the opening of the London 2012 Olympics， Hawking encouraged us to be 8. （curiosity） about the world.
abilities　
ceased　
curious　
　　In spite of his disease， Hawking didn’t consider himself
unlucky.In his opinion， ever since 21， everything has been
9. bonus to him.And he believed this was because of the help
10. he received from his family and a large number of
people and organisations.
a
that/which　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Garry Kasparov， a Russian chess grandmaster， was defeated by
IBM’s Deep Blue computer in 1997.
　　“The winner was not a grandmaster with an advanced PC but a pair
of common American chess players using three computers at the same
time，” he said.
　　Human-machine cooperation can improve what each partner does
best： humans are great at making creative decisions based on knowledge
while computers are good at using large amounts of data to produce
information that will feed into human knowledge and decision making.We
use this combination of AI and unique human skills every day， often
without realising it.A few examples：
　　 Using Internet search engines to find content that will be helpful in
preparing for a school task.
　　 Using a translation algorithm （算法） to produce a first draft of a
document in a different language， then improving the style and grammar
of the final document.
　　 Driving a car to an unknown destination using a smartphone GPS
application to go through alternative routes based on real-time traffic
information.
　　Netflix is a great example of this cooperation at its best.By using
machine-learning algorithms to analyse how often and how long people
watch their content， they can determine how engaging each story is to
certain audiences.This information is used by screenwriters， producers
and directors to better understand what and how to create new content.
　　Likewise， architects can rely on computers to adjust the functional
aspects of their work.Software engineers can focus on the overall systems
structure while machines provide ready-to-use information.Marketers rely
on big data to determine how to better understand customer needs and
develop better products and services.
　　None of these tasks could be accomplished by AI without human
guidance.On the contrary， human creativity and productivity will be
widely used by this AI support， allowing to achieve better quality
solutions at lower costs.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在科技飞速发展的今天以及明天，
人与科技的关系将会怎样呢？答案永远是——人机合作。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在科技飞速发展的今天以及明天，
人与科技的关系将会怎样呢？答案永远是——人机合作。
1. What defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997 in his opinion？（　　）
A. The excellent computer skills.
B. The advanced high technology.
C. The first-class chess grandmaster.
D. The combination of man and machine.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，俄罗斯象棋大师Garry
Kasparov认为，打败他的不是一位使用高级电脑的象棋大师，而是
两位普通棋手和三台电脑的合作。
2. What does the author want to stress by giving some examples in
Paragraphs 4－6？（　　）
A. Human-machine cooperation is very easy.
B. Human-machine cooperation is quite common.
C. New technology is widely used in our lives.
D. New technology benefits people in many ways.
解析：　细节理解题。一般来说，作者在举例之前都会先表明自
己的观点，因为举例是为了证明自己的观点。因此，A few
examples前面的句子（说明人工智能与人类合作的普遍）正是作者
举例的目的。
3. What’s the final purpose of Netflix’s using machine-learning
algorithms？（　　）
A. To improve its products.
B. To lower its product costs.
C. To gather more information.
D. To understand its audiences.
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，Netflix利用机器学
习算法的确收集了信息也了解了观众，但是其最终目的是提供更
优质的内容。
4. What message is conveyed in the last paragraph？（　　）
A. AI will control human beings in the future.
B. Human beings will still matter in the future.
C. Humans will help machines make better decisions.
D. Machines will make humans become more creative.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，在未来人
类的创造性将广泛地与人工智能配合发挥作用，离开人的指导很
多事情都是无法完成的。
B
　　If you ask Generation Z — those born
after 1995 and in the 2000s — what the
current fashion craze in China is， “new
Chinese style” will likely be the answer.
After gaining great popularity during this
year’s Spring Festival in February， the perfect combination of traditional
Chinese aesthetics （美学） and modern style continues to win young
people’s hearts during spring and summer， becoming a buzzword in the
domestic consumer market.
　On social media platforms like Douyin and Xiaohongshu， the “new
Chinese style” remains a hot topic.E-commerce data from short video
platform Kuaishou showed that in the first quarter of this year， orders for
products of “new Chinese style” increased by 700 percent compared to
the same period last year.
　　“Our orders are booked six months in advance， with a compound
annual growth rate of over 100 percent in revenue，” says Lin Qi，
inheritor of the craftsmanship for making mamianqun， horse-face
skirts， and the founder of a clothing brand.The horse-face skirt is a type
of hanfu， featuring a high， flat front and pleated （有褶的） sides that
originated in the Song Dynasty and became popular in the Ming and Qing
Dynasties.
　　In 2016， Lin started creating unique horse-face skirts， initially
selling only a dozen pieces in a year.In just a few years， the annual sales
volume of horse-face skirts her company made has soared to an impressive
100，000 pieces.
　　The horse-face skirt has evolved into a more diverse fashion item.To
cater to different occasions， it now comes in various lengths， from full-
length to midi-and knee-length.To meet the demands of various seasons，
the fabric has also seen improvements， transitioning from thick wool
knits to lightweight cotton， linen and silk.
　　“The popularity of the horse-face skirt is closely related to the
growing interest in traditional culture.Consumers not only pay for the
clothing itself but also appreciate the aesthetic significance and cultural
value it carries.This phenomenon reflects the general public feel pretty
confident about our traditional culture，” says Yang Xiaodong， vice-
president of the China National Garment Association.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果你问Z世代（95后和00后），目
前中国的时装热潮是什么，“新中式服装”可能会是答案，而马面
裙是其中的典型代表。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果你问Z世代（95后和00后），目
前中国的时装热潮是什么，“新中式服装”可能会是答案，而马面
裙是其中的典型代表。
5. What makes the “new Chinese style” popular？（　　）
A. Its traditional Chinese aesthetics.
B. Its combining the old and the new.
C. Its modern and fashionable designs.
D. Its being sold on social media platforms.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the perfect combination of
traditional Chinese aesthetics （美学） and modern style continues to
win young people’s hearts可知，新中式服装凭着将中国传统美学
与现代风格完美结合而继续赢得年轻人的心。
6. What can we learn about the horse-face skirt？（　　）
A. It’s pleated on the front.
B. It’s pleated on both sides.
C. It was first worn by soldiers.
D. It has a history of over 1，200 years.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，马面裙是汉服的一种，
其特点是前面平整，侧面打褶；马面裙起源于宋朝，并在明朝和
清朝流行起来。
7. What does the underlined word “soared” in Paragraph 4 mean？
（　　）
A. Changed. B. Improved.
C. Increased. D. Developed.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词前面的initially selling
only a dozen pieces和画线词后面的to an impressive 100，000 pieces
可知，马面裙的销量大幅增长了。因此画线词与C项意思相近。
8. What’s behind the popularity of the horse-face skirt according to
Yang Xiaodong？（　　）
A. People’s following the fashion.
B. People’s preference for the past.
C. People’s seeking to be different.
D. People’s strong cultural confidence.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Yang Xiaodong认
为，马面裙的火爆说明人们对传统文化的兴趣以及信心。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　A girl named Sammy didn’t want to make friends because of her
looks.She was 　9　 and whenever she met anyone， they just made
unfair comments on her. 　10　， she decided to hide herself because
of 　11　.
　　Her parents were poor， so she 　12　 a part-time job as a baker
during the summer holiday.On her first day， she was teased by some
employees for being fat and not doing work 　13　.She cried a lot， but
she did not have any better 　14　， for she had to 　15　 her schooling
fees.So she worked with patience and decided to 　16　 them.After 2-3
months she became their favourite because she did most of the work and
other employees could 　17　.Having struggled so much， she was
fully 　18　 from inside and just wanted to quit everything but she could
not.
　　One day on a bus， she saw a quote on someone’s shirt saying
“Your 　19　 can stand almost anything， it’s your mind that you need
to convince.” and she got 　20　.For the first time in her life she was
full of 　21　 and feeling reborn.Her perception totally changed towards
people and love. 　22　， Sammy accepted her body and started
making 　23　.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了起初因为肥胖而不自信
的女孩Sammy因受一句话的鼓舞而变得自信的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了起初因为肥胖而不自信
的女孩Sammy因受一句话的鼓舞而变得自信的故事。
9. A. short B. lazy C. fat D. slow
解析：　下文she was teased by some employees for being fat中的
fat为原词复现，此处是说她很胖。
10. A. However B. Instead
C. Otherwise D. Therefore
解析：　根据上下文语境可知，Sammy把自己隐藏起来是受到
不公平评价的结果。
11. A. criticism B. hesitation
C. refusal D. ignorance
解析：　根据上文unfair comments可知，此处指批评。
12. A. quitted B. started
C. needed D. changed
解析：　根据上文Her parents were poor可知，因为家里穷，所
以她在暑假开始了一份兼职工作。
13. A. casually B. bravely
C. regularly D. properly
解析：　根据上文she was teased by some employees for being fat
and可知，她因肥胖和工作做不好而被嘲笑。
14. A. time B. habit C. task D. choice
解析：　根据语境可知，虽然因被嘲笑而暗地里哭了很多次，
但Sammy仍然忍气吞声地坚持做这份兼职，因为没有更好的选
择，她必须挣钱攒学费。
15. A. charge B. earn
C. reduce D. estimate
解析：　参见上题解析。
16. A. adjust to B. count on
C. play with D. believe in
解析：　根据上文So she worked with patience and可知，Sammy
耐心工作，并决定调整自己以适应那些不公平的评价。
17. A. resist B. progress
C. rest D. explore
解析：　根据上文she did most of the work可知，她把大部分工
作都做完了，这样其他员工就可以休息了。
18. A. focused B. relaxed
C. broken D. frozen
解析：　根据上文Having struggled so much可知，她忙碌了很
久，因此身心俱疲、想要放弃。broken表示“身心疲惫的”。
19. A. body B. family C. work D. study
解析：　与下文mind相对的自然是body，文章最后一句话中的
body也是提示。
20. A. confused B. frightened
C. calmed D. inspired
解析：　上文“你的身体几乎可以承受任何东西，但你需要说
服的是你的思想”是一句鼓舞人心的话，因此Sammy备受鼓舞。
21. A. wisdom B. confidence
C. imagination D. gratitude
解析：　根据上下文语境可知，Sammy经常因肥胖而被嘲笑，
一度想把自己隐藏起来，但无意中看到的一句鼓舞人心的话让她
备受鼓舞，信心大增。
22. A. Occasionally B. Previously
C. Purposefully D. Eventually
解析：　根据下文Sammy accepted her body可知，最终，
Sammy接受了自己的体形。
23. A. friends B. plans
C. decisions D. cakes
解析：　根据文章第一句中的make friends可知，此处指交
朋友。
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　The founder of one of the first big companies to switch to a four-day
working week has called on others 24. 　　　　　　 （follow），
claiming it has resulted in a 20% rise 25. 　　　　　　 productivity，
appeared to have helped increase profits and improved staff wellbeing.
　　Analysis of one of the biggest trials yet of the four-day working week
has revealed no fall in output， reduced stress and increased staff
engagement， increasing hopes 26. 　　　　　　 a better work-life
balance for millions could be in sight.
　　Perpetual Guardian， a New Zealand financial services company，
27. 　　　　　　 （switch） its 240 staff from a five-day to a four-day
week last November and maintained 28. 　　　　　　 （they）
pay.Productivity increased in the four days they worked， so there was no
drop in the total amount of work 29. 　　　　　　 （do）， a study of
the trial released on Tuesday has revealed.
　　“We need to get more companies to give 30. 　　　　　　 a
go.They will be surprised at the 31. 　　　　　　 （improve） in their
company， their staff and in their wider community，” said Andrew
Barnes， Perpetual Guardian’s founder.
　　The eight-week experiment was 32. 　　　　　　 （close）
watched by employers and policymakers around the world.Perpetual
Guardian 33. 　　　　　　 （receive） more than 350 requests for
information about the trial from 28 countries so far.Most have come from
organisations in the UK， followed by Australia， the US and Germany.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。新西兰一家公司采取（一周）四天
工作制，其结果出乎人们的意料。
24. to follow　这里需要宾语补足语，因此填入动词不定式形式to
follow。
25. in　本句表示生产力（率）取得了20%的增长。介词in表示“在
某个方面”。
26. that　名词hopes后面表示“希望”的具体内容，是一个同位语从
句，因此填入连词that。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。新西兰一家公司采取（一周）四天
工作制，其结果出乎人们的意料。
27. switched　根据下文可知，这里在讲述过去发生的事，因此用一
般过去时。
28. their　本空后面是名词pay，因此填入一个形容词性物主代词。
29. done　这里表示“被做的”工作，因此用过去分词done作后置定
语，修饰前面的名词work。
30. it　give it a go是一个固定表达，表示“尝试一下”。
31. improvement　空前的定冠词the暗示这里应用一个名词。
32. closely　本空后面是动词watched，因此填入副词closely。
33. has received　本句后面的时间状语so far暗示这里应用现在完
成时。
谢谢观看！

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