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(共7张PPT)
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
选择性必修 第二册
话题阅读·单元导入
内容索引
话题阅读
单元导入
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[词海拾贝]
1．specialize/specialise vi.　专门从事
2．extract vt. 提取；获得
3．optimize/optimise vt. 使优化
4．transparent adj. 透明的
5．commitment n. 承诺；保证；献身
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
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Section Ⅲ　Using Language
No.1 精析文
No.2 研新知
课时规范训练(三)
1
2
4
内容索引
练一练·课堂微练提能
3
No.1
精析文
第一步：细读　知细节明察秋毫
1．How old was Qian Xuesen when China successfully launched its first man-made satellite
A．49 years old.　　　 B．59 years old.
C．69 years old. D．79 years old.
2．What can we learn from the first passage
A．China was in great need of scientists in the 1950s.
B．Qian Xuesen was not welcome in the United States.
C．Art never gave Qian Xuesen inspiration in his research.
D．Qian Xuesen had nothing to do with Shenzhou spacecraft.
3．How did Hawking first get his fame
A．By using the computers and wheelchair.
B．By graduating from Cambridge University.
C．By pointing out a professor's maths mistake.
D．By doing his own work on the big bang theory.
4．Which of the following can best describe Hawking according to the second passage
A．Brave and careful.
B．Determined and brilliant.
C．Careless and disabled.
D．Learned and humorous.
答案：1～4　BADB
第二步：填空　辨难句拆分解读
1．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was _____ extremely well-respected man. (P7第一篇 Para.1)
an
[结构分析]　此句是______句，Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man...devotion是过去分词短语作______，其中who引导______从句，修饰先行词_____。
[尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
________________________________________
复合
状语
定语
a man
钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的
作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。
2．However，after the Songhu Battle _____ (break) out in 1932，Qian made the decision ___________ (switch) his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force ____________ (protect)and defend the country. (P7第一篇 Para.2)
[结构分析]　此句是______句，after引导的是____________从句，because引导的是____________从句，that引导的是______从句，作动词realised的宾语。
[尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________
broke
to switch
to protect
复合
时间状语
原因状语
宾语
不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中
国需要建设自己强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
3．Since he came down with a disease which caused him _______ (lose) the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought. (P8第二篇 Para.1)
[结构分析]　此句是______句，since引导的是____________从句，which引导的是______从句，修饰先行词___________。
[尝试翻译]　______________________________________________
___________________________________________________
to lose
复合
原因状语
定语
a disease
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变
成一个抽象思维的世界。
4．He was willing ______ (say) what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. (P9第二篇 Para.3)
[结构分析]　此句是______句，what others were afraid to say和what others were afraid to dream about是______从句。
[尝试翻译]　______________________________________________
to say
复合
宾语
他愿意说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。
第三步：会写　析写作增分靓句
1．Find out sentences showing the characters' determination. (找出表现人物决心的句子)
(1)_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
__________________________
However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
(2)______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
(3)______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955.
When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
2．Find out sentences showing the characters' personalities. (找出表现人物性格的句子)
(1)____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________
Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore，he was quite determined.
Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
[板块一　单词短语——点点清]
1．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
[练透]　用适当的介词或副词填空/完成句子
(1)When the war broke ____, the whole country was in a total mess.
(2)He broke ___ rudely，“I am not to blame.” Then he stormed out of the room in extreme anger.(读后续写之情绪描写)
(3)He was giving a vivid account of what had happened when his son broke _____ the room.
No.2
研新知
out
in
into
(4)得知我的搭档病倒了，我毫不犹豫地像箭一样冲向医院。
Learning that my partner __________，I dashed to the hospital without hesitation like an arrow.
broke down
break away from　脱离/挣脱……
break down 出故障；坏掉；失败； (身体等)垮掉；消除
break in 插话；破门而入
break into 破门而入
break up 打碎；结束；(关系等) 破裂
2．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解( defence n．防卫；保护；辩护)
[练透]　单句语法填空/ 一句多译
(1)It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child______________ harm and danger.
(2)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if___ defence.
from /against
in
(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
①Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed ___________________ like an arrow.(defend)
②Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed ________________________like an arrow.(defence)
to defend his son
in defence of his son
(1)defend...from/against...　保护……免受……的伤害
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)in defence of 保护；为……辩护
3．in charge of 主管；掌管；负责
[练透]　猜测下列加黑词的含义/完成句子
(1)The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. ______________
(2)I will charge you one thousand yuan for curing your severe disease.
______
(3)Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy's cheeks, because he was charged with stealing the gold ring without solid proof.______
(给……)充电
收费
控告
(4) 我是李华，一名负责“Talk and Talk” 节目的学生，该节目由学校广播站发起。(应用文之邀请信)
I am Li Hua, a student ________________________ “Talk and Talk” launched in the broadcasting station of our school.
in charge of the program
(1)in the charge of　　由……负责；被……掌管
take charge of 负责/看管(表动作)
free of charge 免费
(2)charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事
4．come down with患(病)；染上(小病)
[练透]　用come的相关短语填空/ 完成句子
(1)The instant I knew that my partner ____________________ a severe illness，a wave of sadness and concern washed over me.
(2)I'll never understand how it __________ that you were an hour late for such an important meeting.
(3) John ____________ a brilliant idea to make popcorn to help Bernard out of difficulty.
(4)谈到英语学习，我有以下实用的建议与你们分享。
_______________________________, I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.
came down with
came about
When it comes to English learning
came up with
come across　　(偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come up 走近；上来；被提及
come up with 提出
when it comes to... 当谈及……
5．above all最重要的是；尤其是
[练透]　用all的相关短语填空/完成句子
(1)__________, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean.
(2) The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.____________________，you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come.
(3)最重要的是，作为一个外向的男孩和英语爱好者，我相信我们会找到很多共同点。(应用文之推荐信)
______________________________________________, I'm sure we'll find much in common.
All in all
Above all/First of all
Above all, as an outgoing boy and an English lover
after all 　毕竟；终究
all in all 整体说来；总而言之
in all 全部；合计
at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
first of all 首先
[板块二　经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级意义
(教材原句)Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
[练透]　完成句子
(1)我深信没有一个地方比位于我们图书馆三楼的自习室更适合学习了。
I am greatly convinced that ____________________________________ the self-study room located on the third floor of our library.
no place is more suitable for studying than
(2)在我看来，没有什么比保持身心健康更重要的了。因此，我怎么强调保持学习和放松之间的平衡的重要性也不为过。(话题写作之学校生活)
As far as I am concerned，___________________________ keeping physically and mentally healthy.Consequently，I________________________ keeping balance between our studies and relaxation ________．
nothing is more important than
can't stress the importance of
too much
(1)否定词＋比较级＝最高级，“没有……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
(2)can/could＋never/not＋...＋形容词/副词＋enough＝can/could＋never/not＋...＋too＋形容词/副词，“怎么着……也不为过”。
2．句型公式：过去分词(短语)作状语
(教材原句)Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。
[练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)__________ (inspire) by his act of kindness，I determined to help more people in the future to make our world more beautiful and much warmer.
(2)既害怕又沮丧，简坐在一棵树旁，紧紧地用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。(读后续写之情绪描写)
____________________，Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms tightly to make herself warm.
(3)在老师的话的鼓励下，我决定试一试。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写)
_______________________________, I decided to give it a try.
Inspired
Scared and frustrated
Encouraged by my teacher's words
(1)及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示主动的和完成的动作。
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。
(3)有的过去分词已经转化成了形容词，作状语时不表示动作而是表示主语的一种状态。
练一练
课堂微练提能
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．_______________________________________________________
对中国航天科学有更大的影响
2．_____________________　　　　科学精神
3．__________________________________ 努力为他的祖国服务
4．________________________________ 一个非常受人尊敬的人
have a greater impact on China's aerospace science
scientific spirit
serve his homeland with effort
an extremely well-respected man
5．__________________ 上学
6．______________________ 保卫祖国
7．_________________________________ 攻读研究生
8．___________________________ 作为一名研究生助理
9．__________________________________________ 受到祖国的对待英雄般的欢迎
10．_______________________ 接受挑战
11．___________________________ 在钱学森的领导下
12．_______________________________ 发射第一颗人造卫星
attend schools
defend the country
pursue his graduate studies
as a graduate assistant
receive a hero's welcome from his homeland
take on the challenge
under Qian's leadership
launch its first man-made satellite
Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子
1．The player's _____________ (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present.
2．All the teachers are satisfied with your ___________ (绝妙的) performance in the speech contest.
3．Thanks to her comfort, I got out of the _________(阴影) of the failure.
4．We were deeply impressed by the ___________(辉煌的) success of our country.
outstanding
brilliant
shadow
brilliant
5．很高兴得知您对剪纸感兴趣，我写信邀请您参加我们学校下周日举行的剪纸展览会。(应用文写作之邀请信)
__________________________________________________，I am writing to invite you to attend a paper-cutting exhibition to be held in our school next Sunday.
Delighted to learn that you are interested in paper-cutting
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He was known as an _____________ (优秀的) physicist.
2．A heavy rain suddenly ________ (倾泻) down; as a result, the sports meeting was put off.
3．On Friday night I had such a _____ (生动的) dream that I can still remember the terrible feeling.
4．I strongly ______________ (怀疑) that he was lying to me yesterday.
5．Look forward to your coming and __________ (绝妙的) performance.
课时规范
训练(三)
outstanding
poured
vivid
suspect(ed)
brilliant
6．If you always try to find f____ with others, it means that you have gained another shortcoming.
7．A great many c_________ measures have been taken by our government to contain it.
8．It is acknowledged that reading lays a s____ foundation for further learning.
ault
oncrete
olid
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Much to our joy, his health is getting __________(steady) better with time going by.
2．Jenna got down to ________ (make) sandwiches with her father guiding her patiently.
3．In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，__________(shift) nervously from one foot to another.
4．The new study's __________(find) warn that the global warming is becoming more and more serious.
steadily
making
shifting
findings
5．___________(initial), it will do harm to our health and may cause short-sightedness.
6．Stop the negative __________(think) and focus on solving those problems.
7．I'm writing to apply for the job as an ___________(assist) in your travel agency.
8．No matter how ________(gift) you are, you alone cannot change the world.
Initially
thinking
assistant
gifted
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．听说你得了重病，我非常难过。
I am terribly sorry to hear that you ______________________________ .
2．长期住院会影响你的学习。
Staying in hospital for a long time ______________________________.
3．因此，我写信告诉你我愿意负责你的学习。
So I am writing to tell you that I _________________________________.
have come down with a severe disease
will have an impact on your studies
am willing to be in charge of your studies
4．首先，你可以看我的笔记以便你可以熟悉已经学过的东西。
_____________________________________ so that you can __________________ what has been learnt.
5．另外，掌握基础知识之后，你将和我一起做相关的练习。
___________________________________________，you will do relevant exercises together with me.
Above all，you can refer to my notes
be familiar with
Furthermore，after mastering the basic knowledge
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Sadaf's childhood was happy.She enjoyed going to school and meeting her friends.But one day, she returned home running a high temperature.
“We thought it was regular flu.But we were told that I would not be able to walk ever again now，” she recalls.
Sadaf was just 10 years old then.After the family was turned down by doctors in Kashmir, they went to Mumbai, where an operation was performed to treat her legs.But eventually, Sadaf had to rely on a wheelchair to move around.By this time, she had to discontinue her education.
Things worsened when her father, her “only source of support”， passed away. “Everyone except my father doubted my capabilities.But he always encouraged me to dream big.I missed him.”
“There were days when I would end up crying all day, sitting alone in my room.I was getting into depression，” she says.
“By now, I've realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.I chose the latter.I wanted to prove to the world that people like me can also achieve something.I had just lost my ability to walk, not my ability to use my brain，” she adds.
That is when Sadaf decided to step up for herself.In 2015, she opened a shop but had to shut it a couple of years later as the work affected her eyesight.She says, “But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.I have also been awarded multiple times by the Jammu and Kashmir Basketball Association.”
Recently, Sadaf tried selling unique spices of the Kashmir valley.“Today, I have established my own business without anyone's emotional or financial support.People would question me what I could achieve sitting in a wheelchair, when their educated and able-bodied children sat idly (闲散地).Now the very same people give my example to others，” she says.
Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt themselves.“If you hear others say something not so positive, you may end up depressed. Instead of living within the confines (限制) of a room, try to prove yourself，” she advises.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了残疾人Sadaf不顾他人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
1．What did Sadaf lose after her father's death
A．Walking ability.　 B．Financial support.
C．Spiritual backing. D．Precious eyesight.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Things worsened when her father, her ‘only source of support’， passed away.”可知，Sadaf的父亲是她的支柱，是唯一一个支持鼓励她的人，因此父亲的去世让她失去了精神支柱。
2．Why did Sadaf try basketball
A．To build up her body.
B．To prove herself.
C．To win awards.
D．To pursue her dream.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“By now, I've realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.”以及第七段中的“But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.”可知，Sadaf打篮球是为了证明自己。
3．Which of the following can best describe Sadaf
A．Talented but inflexible.
B．Disabled but learned.
C．Independent and honest.
D．Determined and capable.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章第六段“I wanted to prove to the world that people like me can also achieve something.I had just lost my ability to walk, not my ability to use my brain”和第七段中的“But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.”和最后一段的“Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt themselves.”可知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但是她开店、打篮球、做生意，非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢地证明自己的能力，因此也是意志坚定的，所以用“有决心，有能力”能最好描述Sadaf。
4．What message can we get from Sadaf's story
A．A fine example has limitless power.
B．Do not let your disability rule you.
C．Encouragement is the source of power.
D．Do not put all your eggs in one basket.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段中“If you hear others say something not so positive, you may end up depressed.Instead of living within the confines (限制) of a room, try to prove yourself ”可推知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。
B
For the last five years，Saroyan Matthew Lee has pricked his fingertips at least once a day to test a drop of blood.If the amount of glucose，a simple sugar，is too high，he must get a shot of insulin (胰岛素) to lower it.These daily finger pricks are “really lifestyle-hampering and invasive，” Matthew says.So he developed an alternative—a wearable patch.It turns yellow when glucose levels are too high.
The body normally makes insulin to even out blood-sugar levels.But having type 1 diabetes，Matthew cannot make this hormone.That's important because highly elevated blood sugar can put someone's life in danger.After seeing younger kids struggle to interpret their blood-sugar levels，he thought a color-changing device might be easier to understand.“As a diabetic，” he explains，“What I recognize is that the precise blood glucose number is not really important to us.” Instead，he notes，people with disease must simply know when throughout the day they will need a shot of insulin.
The body releases chemicals through many routes.The new single-use patch works by detecting glucose in one of them: sweat.Past research shows that you can estimate blood-sugar levels based on how much glucose sweat has.
Two sheets of hydrogel—a jingly，water-based gel—make up Matthew's small patch.It's only 1 centimeter (about 0.4 inch) square.The layer closest to the skin contains a chemical that reacts with glucose.This interaction produces a second chemical called hydrogen peroxide.The more sugar there is，the more hydrogen peroxide will be made.Hydrogen peroxide triggers a reaction in the patch's upper layer.It causes a protein called papain—to react with a color-changing chemical.The more glucose in sweat，the yellower the patch will become.
Matthew's patch is painless and easy to understand.And it shouldn't be very costly.Material costs of his patch are just one-fifth as much as those of existing glucose-measuring devices，because current gadgets require electrical components but Matthew's patch relies on far less expensive chemicals.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。Saroyan Matthew Lee 发明了一种无痛且经济实惠的贴片式血糖检测仪，它可以通过汗液中的糖与其发生反应产生颜色变化从而提示使用者及时注射胰岛素。
5．What do we know about Matthew
A．He has the ability to make insulin regularly.
B．He considers it harmless to prick his fingertips.
C．He invents a convenient device to test blood sugar.
D．He thinks it vital to know the blood sugar level accurately.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“So he developed an alternative—a wearable patch.It turns yellow when glucose levels are too high.”可知，Matthew发明了一种方便的血糖检测装置。
6．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．The patch functions on the basis of three reactions.
B．Papain reacts in the second layer，causing hydrogen peroxide.
C．A color-changing chemical is located in the layer closest to the skin.
D．The patch relies on detecting glucose in various chemicals released by body.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Two sheets of hydrogel—a jingly，water-based gel—make up Matthew's small patch ...It causes a protein called papain—to react with a color-changing chemical.”可知，贴片起效是基于三种反应。
7．Which is the advantage of Matthew's patch
A．It is more economical.
B．It uses less electricity.
C．It can be used for several times.
D．It shows the exact blood sugar number.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“And it shouldn't be very costly ...relies on far less expensive chemicals.”可知，Matthew贴片的优势是经济实惠。
8．Which is the best title for the text
A．A Novel Way to Treat Diabetes
B．Painless Patch to Test Blood Sugar
C．A New Device to Stabilize Blood Sugar
D．A Chain of Insulin-producing Reactions
解析：B　标题归纳题。本文介绍了 Saroyan Matthew Lee 发明的一种新型贴片式血糖检测仪，相比传统仪器它兼具无痛、方便和经济实惠等诸多优点。所以短文的最佳标题为“测试血糖的无痛贴片”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Romero is an 84-year-old man.He owes his __1__ to his pet dog, Palomo, who took __2__ to him after he got lost in the desert for a week.
On November 27, Romero left his home for a short trip, but he didn't come back__3__．His family wasn't __4__ at first as he used to visit nearby villages in the area and would be back a few days later.However, after four days, the man's niece, Ramona, panicked and __5__ it to the local authorities.
The police with trained dogs were brought in to__6__ Romero.They searched the area around, but a week after his __7__， Romero was nowhere to be found.That's when the old man's faithful dog, Palomo, was brought in as the last __8__．
According to one member of the search team，the brown dog __9__ them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been __10__．His niece told the authorities that Romero sometimes had poor memory and that __11__ his getting lost on his trip.
The__12__ weak man was rushed to the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet.One officer posted online that “Palomo __13__ by the hospital door day and night waiting for the __14__ of its beloved Romero.The unconditional love of his pet allowed Romero to be __15__ with his family”．A photo of Palomo staying by Romero's side after he came back home was along with these words.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只名为Palomo的宠物狗带着救援人员在沙漠中救了主人Romero的故事。
1．A.promotion　　　 B．poverty
C．survival D．identity
解析：C　根据“after he got lost in the desert for a week”和“A photo of Palomo staying by Romero's side after he came back home was along with these words.”可知，Romero在沙漠中迷路一周后存活下来。
2．A.rescuers B．strangers
C．fighters D．hunters
解析：A　根据“According to one member of the search team”可知，此处指救援人员。
3．A.by turn B．at times
C．in advance D．as usual
解析：D　根据“Romero left his home for a short trip, but”可知，他没有像往常一样回来。
4．A.inspired B．concerned
C．satisfied D．confused
解析：B　根据“as he used to visit nearby villages in the area and would be back a few days later”可知，因为知道他的习惯，所以他的家人一开始并不担心。
5．A.reported B．exposed
C．transported D．introduced
解析：A　根据“However, after four days, the man's niece, Ramona, panicked”可知，四天还没回来，家人报警了。
6．A.employ B．assess
C．convince D．seek
解析：D　根据下文“They searched the area around”可知，警察带着警犬寻找Romero。
7．A.disappearance B．competition
C．graduation D．consumption
解析：A　根据“after he got lost in the desert for a week”可知，Romero消失了一周。
8．A.conclusion B．suggestion
C．attempt D．defence
解析：C　根据“They searched the area around, but a week after his ____， Romero was nowhere to be found.”可知，寻找了一段时间没有找到Romero，准备让他的宠物狗做最后的尝试。
9．A.spotted B．dragged
C．pointed D．guided
解析：D　根据“his pet dog, Palomo, who took ____ to him after he got lost in the desert for a week”可知，狗带着救援人员寻找Romero。
10．A.defeated B．trapped
C．cheated D．permitted
解析：B　根据“finally to the place in the desert where Romero”可知，最终到达了Romero被困的地方。
11．A.accounted for B．made out
C．cared about D．resulted from
解析：A　根据“that Romero sometimes had poor memory”可知，他的侄女向当局解释Romero迷路的原因。
12．A.strangely B．equally
C．suddenly D．obviously
解析：D　根据“the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet”可知，很明显Romero很虚弱。
13．A.hesitated B．remained
C．shouted D．whispered
解析：B　根据“by the hospital door day”可知，Palomo停留在医院门口。
14．A.responsibility B．cooperation
C．recovery D．arrival
解析：C　根据“Palomo ____ by the hospital door day and night waiting for”可知，Palomo守在医院等待主人恢复健康。
15．A.compared B．associated
C．reunited D．pleased
解析：C　根据“He owes his ____ to his pet dog, Palomo, who took ____ to him after he got lost in the desert for a week.”可知，Romero获救了，因此得以与家人重聚。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校英文报科学园地栏目举行征文活动，请你以“A Scientist in China”为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．科学家生平及贡献；
2．影响及启示。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A Scientist in China
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
A_Scientist_in_China
The scientist in China impressed me most is Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice”．
As one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan devoted himself to studying agriculture.His hybrid strains have helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.He received numerous awards, but he cared little for celebrity or money.Instead, he made large donations to support agricultural research.
Yuan's great contributions to human beings and his noble personality have impressed me deeply, which motivates me to be excellent.
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
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Section Ⅳ　Writing
Writing 1　关于科学精神的评论文章
[满分微讲坛——范式素材感悟·有章可循]
一、课文范式推荐
二、话题素材积累
(一)夺人眼球开头句
1．Born in 1911，he/she was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
生于1911年，他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
2．He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University.
他/她在当地的一所高中上的学，毕业于北京大学。
(二)亮点出彩篇中句
1．He/She got an award in 1998 for having played an important role in scientific research.
因为在科学研究中发挥了重要作用，他/她在1998年获奖。
2．He/She is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her.
他/她是一个博学/意志坚强的人，我们都钦佩/尊敬他/她。
3．He/She devoted all his/her life to scientific research and his/her scientific findings benefited people all over the world.
他/她一生致力于科学研究并且他/她的科学发现使全世界人民受益。
(三)韵味无穷结尾句
1．Such is Qian Xuesen，a simple man who has made great achievements in his field.
这就是钱学森，一个在他的领域里取得了巨大成就的简朴的人。
2．In a word，he/she is highly thought of by all Chinese people.
总之，他/她得到了所有中国人的高度评价。
3．There is no doubt that he is regarded as one of the most successful scientists in the world.
毫无疑问，他被认为是世界上最成功的科学家之一。
[满分练到位——妙笔成篇训练·立竿见影]
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家潘建伟。
1．1970年3月出生，浙江东阳人。1999年获奥地利维也纳大学博士学位。
2．潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信方面的研究。他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家，并且取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。他获得了“改革先锋”等称号。
3．他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇，一心做研究，保持与名利的距离。他在世界的最前沿，和宇宙对话，做前无古人的事业。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇：量子通信 quantum communication；维也纳 Vienna
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
[谋篇布局]
[遣词造句]
1．潘建伟于1970年3月出生于浙江东阳。
Pan Jianwei ___________ Dongyang，Zhejiang Province in March 1970.
2．1999年他获得奥地利维也纳大学博士学位。
In 1999，he ___________________________ from the University of Vienna，Austria.
3．潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信方面的研究。
Professor Pan Jianwei _____________________________________ quantum communication.
4．他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家。
He is an _________________________________________________.
was born in
received his doctor's degree
is mainly engaged in the research of
internationally influential scientist in this field
5．他取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。
He has achieved a series of ___________________________．
6．他获得了“改革先锋”等称号。
He received ________________ “Pioneer of Reform”．
7．他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇，一心做研究，保持与名利的距离。
He keeps childlike curiosity about the world，devotes himself to research，and _________________________ fame and fortune.
8．他在世界的最前沿，和宇宙对话，做前无古人的事业。
He __________________________________，talks to the universe，and does things that no one has done before.
significant research results
such titles as
keeps his distance from
is at the forefront of the world
[词句升级]
9．用who引导定语从句合并句4和句5
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
10．用现在分词改写句8
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
He is an internationally influential scientist in this field who has achieved a series of significant research results.
He is at the forefront of the world，talking to the universe and doing things that no one has done before.
[妙笔成篇]
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Pan Jianwei was born in Dongyang，Zhejiang Province in March 1970.In 1999，he received his doctor's degree from the University of Vienna，Austria.
Professor Pan Jianwei is mainly engaged in the research of quantum communication and he is an internationally influential scientist in this field who has achieved a series of significant research results.He received such titles as “Pioneer of Reform”．
He keeps childlike curiosity about the world，devotes himself to research，and keeps his distance from fame and fortune.He is at the forefront of the world，talking to the universe and doing things that no one has done before.
Writing 2　语料积累　读后续写
[教材语料积累]
词 汇 情感描写 frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
动作 描写 suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任　blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责　decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低　cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷　pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)　trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出　defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解　assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助　break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
句 型 1.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. (情绪描写)
2．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man. (人物描写)
3．Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable，especially in the area of frontier science research. (人物描写)
4．During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle's lectures，Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. (动作描写)
[续写语料运用]
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。
　　I 1.________________ stealing the woman's gold ring，which 2.___________________________ ________.3.__________________________________________________ like a flood.Then I thought why I should 4.__________________________________ ___________. So I tried my best to 5.______________________________________．With my friends 6.________________，I was greatly convinced that I would prove that I was wronged. 　　我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我面带愁容。我是如此沮丧以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。后来，我想我为什么要代人受过。因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。
was suspected of
cast a cloud of gloom over my
face
So frustrated was I that tears poured
down my cheeks
take the blame for somebody else's
mistakes
trace the real thief to defend my innocence
assisting me
Section Ⅳ　Writing
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Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language &
Discovering Useful Structures
表语从句
No.1 初识语法
No.2 慧学语法
课时规范训练(二)
1
2
4
内容索引
练一练·课堂微练提能
3
No.1
初识语法
[背美文　悟语法]
　　Our monitor's suggestion is ①that we should set aside 15 minutes every day to read newspapers.This is ②where I agree with him.The only question is ③how we should choose the proper newspapers. It seems ④as if there are numerous kinds of newspapers and each one is useful for us to get more information about the world outside.Our monitor insists that the first thing to consider is ⑤whether it is beneficial to our study, which is ⑥what we all approve of.
1.句子①中，______引导表语从句，只起连接作用；
2．句子②中，______引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语；
3．句子③中，______引导表语从句，在从句中作方式状语；
4．句子④中，______引导表语从句，意为“似乎；好像”；
5．句子⑤中，____________引导表语从句，意为“是否”；
6．句子⑥中，______引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语。
that
where
how
as if
whether
what
一、表语从句的概念
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语的身份或特征。
The good news is that we Chinese are warm and friendly，so you needn't worry too much about Chinese customs.
好消息是我们中国人热情友好，所以你不必太担心中国的习俗。
The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel to Xizang this summer holiday.
问题是你的父母是否同意你今年暑假去西藏旅行的计划。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们最后一次开心地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。
No.2
慧学语法
[即时演练1]　用适当的连接词填空
①He failed the exam again.The reason was ______ he was too careless.
②What puzzles Lily's friends is _____ she always has so many crazy ideas.
③Having a good knowledge of aerospace science is ______ makes you stand out in the future interviews.
that
why
what
二、表语从句的引导词
引导词 用法 例句
从属 连词 that， whether (不能 用if) 在从句中不作成分，that没有实际意义，不可省略；whether意为“是否” The trouble is that she doesn't know how to adapt to the new school.
麻烦的是她不知道如何适应新学校。
The question is whether you can do the work well.
问题是你能否做好这项工作。
引导词 用法 例句
从属 连词 because 说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因，意为“因为” He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.
他有心脏病。那是因为他抽烟太多。
as if/ though 从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用虚拟语气 Every time I listen to the music，it feels as if a picture of a river is spreading before me.
每当我听这首音乐的时候，感觉就像一条河的画面在我面前铺开。
引导词 用法 例句
连接 代词 who(ever)， whom(ever)， whose，what (ever)，which (ever)等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等 The most important is who will be in charge of the evening party.
最重要的是谁将负责这次晚会。
Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
动机是你做好工作最需要的东西。
引导词 用法 例句
连接 副词 when， where， why， how等 在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等 Sara was caught in a traffic jam this morning.That is why she was late for school.
萨拉今天早上遇到了交通堵塞，那就是她上课迟到的原因。
[即时演练2]　用适当的连接词填空
①The question is ____ we can do to solve this problem once and for all.
②The question is _________ we can make good preparations in such a short time.
③The truth is ____ we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want.
④You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights，and this is _____ I disagree.
what
whether
that
where
三、注意事项
1．that与what的区别
that引导表语从句时，是从属连词，在从句中不作成分；what是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
That was what she did this morning on her way to school.
那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上做过的事。
2．because与why的区别
because引导表语从句时强调原因，why引导表语从句时强调结果。
She often comes late.That's because she has a baby to take care of.
她经常迟到。那是因为她有一个婴儿要照顾。
He always finds fault with me and that's why I get angry with him.
他总是找我的茬。那就是我生他气的原因。
[注意]　名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，而不用because。
The reason why he was late is that it was raining hard.
他来晚了是因为天正在下大雨。
[即时演练3]　用that/because/why填空
①The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ______ one can be entirely free from dust.
②My anger is _________ you haven't called me for a long time.
③I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.This is _____ I had a few days off.
④The amazing thing about the spring is _____ the colder the temperature gets，the hotter the spring!
that
because
why
that
3．虚拟语气用于表语从句
(1)在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.
我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这件事，而不应该只是把它放在一边。
(2)as if/as though引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在，过去进行时表示现在进行，过去完成时表示过去，could/would/might＋动词原形表示将来。
It looks as if he were ten years younger today.
今天他看起来好像年轻了10岁。
[即时演练4]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①The doctor's advice is that we ___________________ (take) more exercise.
②My proposal is that you________________________(arrange) for your assistant to deal with this matter.
③My suggestion is that you__________________(get) yourself involved in music activities，such as singing and composing.
(should) take
(should) arrange
(should) get
练一练
课堂微练提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The reason for this is ____ I just heard of a wonderful calligraphy exhibition to be held in our city on that day.
2．Tom was late for work this morning.That was _________ he overslept.
3．What the doctors really doubt is _________ my mother will defeat the serious illness.
4．As is well known to all，the Spring Festival is _____ the family are reunited and celebrate the new year.
5．The most important thing is ____ they promote the public interest in our culture.
that
because
whether
when
that
Ⅱ.使用本单元所学语法知识(表语从句)完成下面的语段
The good news is 1.______________________________ (我们学校要去露营).Due to bad weather recently，the problem is 2.____________________ (我们什么时候动身).Students' concern is 3.__________________ (我们去哪里露营).That's because we want to go to a place with beautiful scenery.My suggestion is 4.____________________________________ (我们去附近的峡谷).The reason is that the traffic is very convenient.What's the most attractive is 5.________________________________________ (那里有很多名胜).
that our school will go camping
when we will set off
where we will camp
that we should go to the valley nearby
that there are many famous places of interest
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The question is _________ I should go to the cinema with him，or go shopping with her.
2．He was injured by a car this morning.This is _____ he is absent from school.
3．His suggestion is that another meeting _________________ (hold) to discuss the problem.
课时规范
训练(二)
whether
why
(should) be held
4．The impression he makes on me is ____ he is a reliable person.
5．The reason why he was fired was ____ he was suspected of stealing the computer of his company.
6．The question discussed at the meeting was _________ it was worth trying.
7．Everything in my childhood crowded into my mind as _____________ it had just happened.
8．His advice to his grandma is that she _____________ (make) good use of her spare time.
that
that
whether
if/though
should make
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．与人相处时，尊重他人是我们应该重视的。
Respecting others is ______________________ when getting along with others.
2．那就是为什么我认为沿长江旅行会是一个更好的选择。
____________ I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
3．事实是他非常有资格担任报纸上刊登的职位。
________________ he is quite qualified for the position advertised in the newspaper.
what we should value
That's why
The fact is that
4．似乎世界末日到了。
______________ the world were at an end.
5．我非常高兴。这是因为我在上周日举行的演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。
I am more than delighted._________________ I have won the first prize in the speech competition held last Sunday.
6．我的建议是我们应该为了保护环境过低碳生活。
___________________________________ a low-carbon life to protect the environment.
It seems as if
This is because
My suggestion is that we (should) live
7．最重要的建议是你应该在课前和课后读英语书。(应用文之建议信)
The most important advice is ___________________________________ before the class and after the class.
8．好消息是本周末要举办一场中国画展。
Good news is ______________________________________________ this weekend.
that you (should) read English books
that an exhibition of Chinese paintings is to be held
Ⅲ.用语篇练语法
The fact is 1.____ Wendy was a famous writer but no one knew 2._____ she came from and the question remained 3._________ she was born in 1961.4.______ they did know was 5.______ she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6._________ was in need of money.Despite this，some people thought she was chasing fame.Why they were so narrow-minded was 7.______ Wendy couldn't understand，but it seemed as if she didn't care.The most important was 8.____ she just wanted to do 9.______________ she thought was right.She thought that was 10._______ the meaning of life lay.
that
where
whether
What
that
whoever
what
that
what(ever)
where
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Charles Darwin was born into a family of thinkers.His father was a fellow of the Royal Society (the elite circle of top British scientists)，his mother was the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood，the man who founded the famous Wedgwood Potteries，and his grandfather，Erasmus Darwin，was a famous physician，thinker and philosopher who，like his grandson，spent much time studying the evolution of life.
After a childhood in the town of Shrewsbury，where he was educated at the Grammar School，Darwin went up to Edinburgh University to study medicine and natural history.When he was eighteen，he left Edinburgh and went to Cambridge University，planning to enter the church，but he was more interested in science than in religion and in the end he abandoned theology.
Shortly after graduating from Cambridge，he got a job as a naturalist on the ship H．M.S.Beagle，which was about to start on a scientific and cartographic (地图的) survey of the South American coast.The journey started in December 1831 and was to last almost five years，during which time he collected considerable documentation.
Darwin was struck by the animals of the south seas，particularly by the tortoises he found on the Galapagos Islands，a group of Pacific Islands.The Galapagos tortoises，Darwin observed，differed from island to island，and this，he inferred，showed different forms of evolution，since the animals obviously came from the same origins.Darwin was also struck by the iguanas (蜥蜴) he found，and observed that those which lived in water had heads suitable for finding food among stones，while those that lived on land had a sharper head，fitter for a herbivorous (食草的) animal.
Darwin developed his theory of evolution，but it was not until 1859 that he actually published it.It was instantly seen as a great milestone in scientific thought，and attracted violent argument all over Europe.Many found fault in it，and Darwin spent the rest of his life improving his theory in the light of other people's observations.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了达尔文的家庭背景、求学经历、研究以及他的进化论。
1．Why was Darwin's family background mentioned
A．To honour his family.
B．To increase his popularity.
C．To highlight his family's contributions.
D．To show his family's influence on him.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，达尔文的家人社会地位都很高，祖父也是著名的思想家，故推知提到达尔文的家庭背景是为了表明家庭对达尔文的影响。
2．What did Darwin major in at Cambridge University
A．Science.　　　　 B．Natural history.
C．Theology. D．Medicine.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，达尔文18岁时离开爱丁堡，进入剑桥大学，计划进入教会，但他对科学比对宗教更感兴趣，最终他放弃了神学，故推知他在剑桥大学主修科学。
3．Why are the creatures different from island to island
A．The origin is various.
B．The nature is different.
C．The population is diverse.
D．The food supply is lacking.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，生活在水中的蜥蜴和生活在陆地上的蜥蜴不同。故推知因为自然环境的不同导致生物因岛屿而异。
4．What can be known about Darwin's theory of evolution
A．He published it once it was finished.
B．He felt quite content with it.
C．It caused a worldwide disagreement.
D．It was a great breakthrough in science.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was instantly seen as a great milestone in scientific thought，and attracted violent argument all over Europe.”可知，达尔文的进化论是科学思想的一个伟大的里程碑，是科学界的一个伟大的突破。
B
If there's such a person as a young STEM icon，Gitanjali Rao is the one.
In April 2014，the city of Flint disconnected from Detroit's water line as a cost-cutting measure and began to draw water from the Flint River.Soon after，shockingly high levels of lead (铅) were found in the city's water supply. Residents including children were showing up with mysterious rashes and other illnesses.
When she learned about the crisis，Gitanjali decided to do something.“I was shocked and I wanted to do something to change this，” she said.Inspiration really struck her after she watched her engineer parents test for lead in the tap water.She decided to build a lead-detecting device that would be easy and affordable for anyone to use.In 2017，she developed a device called Tethys.It won her the title “America's Top Young Scientist” in the 3M Young Scientist Challenge.Meanwhile，Rao had been working on solutions to other issues she cared about.She started developing Epione，a device that tests protein in body fluid samples to detect opioid (阿片类药物) use disorder，in 2018.
“Many people need opioids and end up with serious addictions，” she said.“Physicians don't have any easy tools to detect opioid addiction at an early stage.”
Additionally，Rao launched an AI-based，anti-cyberbullying app called Kindly in May 2020.“You type in a sentence，and it's able to pick a word or phrase out if it's bullying，and it gives you the option to edit it，” said Rao.“As a teenager，I know teenagers tend to lash_out sometimes，though unintentionally.The app gives you the chance to stop and think about your words before you hit ‘Send’．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了年轻的Gitanjali Rao为解决弗林特市水危机和其他问题所做的努力和创新。
5．Why did Flint stop drawing water from Detroit
A．Flint wanted to save some money.
B．Flint aimed to develop its local economy.
C．The residents worried about water safety.
D．The public forced Flint to change its water supply.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“In April 2014, the city of Flint disconnected from Detroit's water line as a cost-cutting measure and began to draw water from the Flint River.”可知，弗林特是为了节省成本，所以停止了从底特律取水。
6．What made Gitanjali want to do something for Flint's water crisis
A．Her STEM course's requirement.
B．Her wish to inspire others.
C．Her pity for Flint's residents.
D．Her determination to help her parents.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Residents including children were showing up with mysterious rashes and other illnesses.”及第三段中“When she learned about the crisis, Gitanjali decided to do something.‘I was shocked and I wanted to do something to change this，’ she said.”可知，Gitanjali听说了这个危机，她感到震惊并希望做些什么来改变这个状况。是她对弗林特居民的怜悯让Gitanjali想为弗林特的水危机做点什么，故选C项。
7．Which of the following best explains “lash out” in paragraph 5
A．To adopt new ideas.
B．To make verbal attack.
C．To exchange opinions.
D．To show off their abilities.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据文章第五段中“You type in a sentence, and it's able to pick a word or phrase out if it's bullying, and it gives you the option to edit it，” said Rao.“As a teenager, I know teenagers tend to lash_out sometimes, though unintentionally.The app gives you the chance to stop and think about your words before you hit ‘Send’．”可知，“lash out”在这里表示在网络上发表恶意的、攻击性的言论。
8．How would you describe Gitanjali
A．Smart and caring.
B．Innovative and gentle.
C．Creative and honest.
D．Helpful and grateful.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文了解到，Gitanjali发明了多个设备来帮助解决社会问题，她不仅聪明，有创新精神，在攻克问题方面也展现出了大爱。所以Gitanjali是一个聪明又有爱心的人。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Reading is an exercise for the mind.It is good for our vocabulary and literacy skills，teaching us math or science concepts and helping us learn history.Apart from those，reading has another benefit.Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character's suffering If so，that is because you have empathy (共情) for the character.__1__
Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts.__2__ In addition，your brain thinks you are in the story，which means you experience the characters' thoughts as if they were real.
__3__ This skill，called emotional intelligence (EI)，can make it easier to communicate and connect with people.Research shows that building this intelligence can lead to greater tolerance.One study found that people who read the Harry Potter novels，which tell stories about humans fighting against the evil，were less likely to behave unfairly towards powerless groups including refugees (难民).
This theory of EI has been put into practice in schools.After reading The Boy at the Back of the Class，a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from the war，students in St Michael's High School were inspired to do a 10-mile walk for the non-profit organization—Refugee Action.__4__
__5__ Not only are we more likely to engage in helpful behaviors when we feel empathy for other people，but others are also more likely to help us when they experience empathy.For society to develop，communicative and empathetic individuals really matter.
A．In a way，all this increases our ability to read well.
B．This permits people to limit their emotions that others are feeling.
C．Many more areas of your brain light up when you're enjoying a story.
D．It also stimulated them to raise ￡1，000 for the homeless caused by war.
E.Reading encourages us to empathize with others，which could be beneficial.
F.Empathy helps you to read people's emotions and work out the best way to respond.
G．It helps you see into other people's hearts and can be learned through various stories.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明阅读可以帮助培养同理心，这是有益的。
1．解析：G　上文“Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character's suffering If so，that is because you have empathy (共情) for the character.”提到“共情”，结合选项信息可知，G选项契合语境，该句是对上文“empathy”进行的说明和解释，“it”指代“empathy”，“stories”呼应上文的“story”。故选G。
2．解析：C　根据第二段首句“Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts.”可知，本段主要谈论人的大脑会根据不同的故事和事实产生不同的反应；C选项也是谈论当人阅读时大脑的反应，契合语境。故选C。
3．解析：F　下文“This skill，called emotional intelligence (EI)，can make it easier to communicate and connect with people.”讲述情商这项技能能够使得与人沟通、建立联系更容易，F选项契合语境，“This skill”指代F项中的Empathy。故选F。
4．解析：D　上文“After reading The Boy at the Back of the Class，a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from the war，students in St Michael's High School were inspired to do a 10-mile walk for the non-profit organization—Refugee Action.”进一步举例说在读了《教室后面的男孩》这本书后，圣迈克尔高中的学生的反应，D选项也是在谈论反应，契合语境。故选D。
5．解析：E　由本空所在位置可知，此处为段首句，总括全段信息，最后一段中谈论到不仅当我们对他人感同身受时，我们更有可能做出有益的行为，而且当他人感同身受时，他们也更有可能帮助我们，是在讲述共情对人有益。 故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
George Washington Carver was an 1.________ (agriculture) scientist who became one of America's most well-known inventors.His accomplishments are even 2.________ (remark) when we learn how his life began.
George certainly did not have an easy start to life.He was born into slavery just one year 3.________ it was made illegal in America.As a child, he lived with his mother's previous owners, the Carvers，4.________ owned a farm in Missouri.There, Mrs.Carver taught him how to read and write and how to work the land.
From a young age, George was 5.______ (nature) curious.He loved art, music, and science.He was especially interested in farming and enjoyed experimenting with soil and plants.He had a knack for understanding how to protect crops from pests and diseases.He became 6.________ skilled that neighboring farmers recruited him to help them with their orchards and farms. George soon became known in the area as the “Plant Doctor.”
Carver also used his creative genius 7.________ (invent) over 150 uses for sweet potatoes，8.________ (include) flour, vinegar, paint, and ink.Carver is best known today for also inventing over 300 uses for peanuts.These included milk, oil, paper, and makeup.
George's lasting reputation, though, did not come easily.As an African American living at a time when slavery 9.________ (end), he faced many unjust obstacles and dangers.However, through education and hard work, Carver achieved his goals.His passion for plants and people 10.________ (lead) him from slavery to success.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章的主人公乔治·华盛顿·卡弗从童年时期就接触园艺工作，是一位农业科学家，后来成为美国最著名的发明家之一，作为一个生活在奴隶制结束时期的非裔美国人，他面临着许多不公正的障碍和危险。然而，通过教育和努力工作，卡弗实现了他的目标。他对植物和人的热情使他从奴隶走向成功。
1．解析：agricultural　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词作定语，故填agricultural。
2．解析：more remarkable　考查比较级。are后用形容词作表语，even后用形容词比较级，故填more remarkable。
3．解析：before　考查连词。one year before表示前一年，before引导时间状语从句，故填before。
4．解析：who　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the Carvers，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who。
5．解析：naturally　考查副词。设空处应用副词修饰形容词作状语，故填naturally。
6．解析：so　考查固定搭配。表示如此……以至于……，用so...that...引导状语从句，形容词skilled前用so，故填so。
7．解析：to invent　考查动词不定式。use ...to do表示用……去做某事，动词不定式作目的状语，故填to invent。
8．解析：including　考查非谓语动词。“包括某物”用including＋something，故填including。
9．解析：had ended　考查时态。when引导时间状语从句，从句中缺少谓语，表示did之前发生的事情用过去完成时，故填had ended。
10．解析：led　考查时态。设空处为谓语动词，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，故填led。
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language & Discovering Useful Structures
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Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
No.1 精析文
No.2 研新知
课时规范训练(一)
1
2
4
内容索引
练一练·课堂微练提能
3
No.1
精析文
第一步：速读　析架构理清脉络
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．The cause of cholera was polluted water.
B．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
C．The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D．John Snow did some research and defeated “King Cholera”．
答案：D
2．Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
deadly
cause
outbreak
marked
water
polluted
clean
defeated
第二步：细读　知细节明察秋毫
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What did John Snow desire to do as a young doctor
A．To be a world-famous doctor.
B．To attend to Queen Victoria.
C．To prevent or treat cholera.
D．To create a new theory.
2．Which of the following did John Snow think was the most important to defeat a disease
A．Finding its cause.
B．Finding its cure.
C．Finding its result.
D．Finding its harm.
3．What was John Snow's attitude when facing the “King Cholera”？
A．Negative.　　　 B．Determined.
C．Unconcerned. D．Indifferent.
4．Where does this text probably come from
A．A newspaper. B．A medical report.
C．A book review. D．A TV interview.
答案：1～4　CABA
第三步：填空　辨难句拆分解读
1．One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera ____________(cause) by an infection from germs in food or water. (P2 Para.2)
[结构分析]　此两句是______句，两句中that在句中均引导______从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可省略。
[尝试翻译]　________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
was caused
复合
表语
一种看法是空气污染引发疾病，另一种看法是食物
或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。
2．_____________ (according)，he had the handle of the pump _________ (remove) so that it could not be used. (P2 Para.3)
[结构分析]　此句是______句，so that在句中引导____________从句。
[尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________
_________________________
Accordingly
removed
复合
目的状语
于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用
不成了。
3．The people who drank this water were much more likely ______ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. (P3 Para.4)
[结构分析]　此句是______句，句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个who都引导______从句，分别修饰先行词________和_____。
[尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
to get
复合
定语
people
those
与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水的人
更容易染上霍乱。
4．Moreover，in ___ (he) use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(P3 Para.5)
[结构分析]　此句是______句，scientists study diseases是______从句，修饰先行词the way，此处省略了_______________。
[尝试翻译]　______________________________________________
____________________________________________
his
复合
定语
that/in which
此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研
究疾病的方式。
[板块一　单词短语——点点清]
层级一　高频词汇练全
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的( frustrate vt.挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心 frustrating adj.令人沮丧的 frustration n．挫折)
[练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)I was ____________ at my poor performance in the contest and tears of _____________ welled up in my eyes.(frustrate) (读后续写之心理描写)
(2)Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and _____________ (frustrate) experience.
No.2
研新知
frustrated
frustration
frustrating
(3)既沮丧又失望，我感觉我被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗之中。(读后续写之心理描写)
________________________，I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness.
Frustrated and disappointed
(1)feel/be frustrated at/with...　　对……感到沮丧/懊恼
(2)with frustration　失望
2．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) ( subscriber n．订阅人，订购者；定期捐款者)
[练透]　猜测下列加黑词的含义/完成句子
(1)Our monitor put forward a suggestion that our class should subscribe to some magazines and the head teacher subscribed to his suggestion. _______________
(2)All of the teachers and students subscribed some money or life necessities to those suffering from the flood.______
订阅；同意
捐款
(3)我们所有人都赞成这个观点，好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。(应用文之人际关系)
All of us ____________________ that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
subscribe to the view
subscribe to　同意；赞同；订购；捐款
subscribe...to... 在……上签署……；向……捐……
3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任；认为(坏事可能属实或发生) n．被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
[练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)Two __________ (suspect) in connection with the case are now being questioned at present.
(2)___________ (suspect) and feeling sad，Jane burst out crying.
(3)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现梦想。
①The person I respect most is my English teacher，who ____________ ________________________________．(suspect that...)
②The person I respect most is my English teacher，who ____________ ___________________________．(suspect sb of...)
suspects
Suspected
never suspects
that we can achieve our dreams
never suspects
us of achieving our dreams
suspect sb/sth to be...　　　怀疑/猜想某人/某物是……
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect that...怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
[练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
(2)In my view，Li Hua，who broke the school rules，was ________ (blame).
(3)我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。(应用文之建议信)
_________________________________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
Blamed
to blame
Instead of blaming each other
(4)当有些人不成功时，他们总是自我感觉不好，并为自己的失败责怪自己。
When some people do not succeed，they always feel bad about themselves，and ______________________________________．
blame themselves for their failure
(1)blame sb for (doing) sth 　因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for sth ) (对某事)负有责任(主动形式表达被动意义)
(2)take /bear the blame for 对……承担责任
put/place the blame for sth on ... 把某事归咎于……
5．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
[练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)_____________ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
(2) Not enough sleep will have an impact on our health，leading to a decrease ____ learning efficiency.
To decrease
in
(3)由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量在减少。
①Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals _______________．(decrease v．)
②Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals ____________________．(decrease n．)
is decreasing
is on the decrease
(1)on the decrease/increase　　正在减少/增加
(2)decrease in... 在……方面减少
decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
层级二　中频词汇练通
1．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
[练透]　完成句子
他不能彻底地解决这个问题，这使他相当沮丧。
He couldn't ________________________________，which made him quite frustrated.
handle the problem once and for all
“处理”表达荟萃：deal with；settle；tackle
2．thanks to幸亏；由于
[练透]　完成句子
多亏他及时的慷慨相助，我才能很好地照顾我的妈妈。
_______________________________________ that I could attend (to) my mother so well.(强调句型)
It was thanks to his timely and generous help
表示原因的短语还有because of，on account of，as a result of等，常作状语。
[板块二　经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：until引导时间状语从句
(教材原句)Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
[练透]　完成句子/句式升级
(1)我满怀信心地离开了医院，并承诺我会继续努力，直到完美地完成这个项目。
I left the hospital with confidence，promising that I would keep trying ___________________________________．
(2)直到我听到消息，我才意识到自己赢得了比赛。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写)
_______________________________________ I had won the contest.(倒装句)
→_____________________________________________ I had won the contest.(强调句)
until I finished the project wonderfully
Not until I heard the news did I realize that
It was not until I heard the news that I realized that
(1)until用于肯定句时，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束，所以主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。until用于否定句时，意思是“直到……才”，即表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开始，主句的谓语动词用短暂性动词。
(2)not until可用于强调句型，其构成为：It is/was not until...that...。
(3)若将not until引导的从句置于句首，此时主句要用部分倒装结构。
2．句型公式：“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”
(教材原句)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。
[练透]　完成句子/一句多译
(1)英语口语俱乐部定期举办很多活动，以至于吸引了越来越多的学生。许多俱乐部成员取得了很大的进步，他们的英语说得比以前更流利了。
The Spoken English Club holds _______________________________ _________________ more and more students.Many club members _________ _________________________ they can speak English more fluently than before.
so many activities regularly that it
appeals to/attracts
have made
such great progress that
(2)随着汽车逐渐靠近他的家乡，他的心剧烈地跳动，他感到非常紧张。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
①As the car got closer and closer to his hometown，his heart _______________________________________．
②As the car got closer and closer to his hometown，________________ ___________________________________．(倒装)
beat so violently that he felt very nervous
so violently did his
heart beat that he felt very nervous
(1)so...that...句型的常见形式：
(2)such...that...句型的常见形式：
练一练
课堂微练提能
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．______________________ 　死于这种疾病
2．____________________________ 成为一名著名医生
3．____________________________ 照顾维多利亚女王
4．___________________________ 决心查明
5．______________________ 被废弃物感染
6．__________________________ 被未处理的废弃物污染
7．_________________________________ 更有可能染上霍乱
8．__________________________________ 经过斯诺不懈的努力
die from the disease
become a famous doctor
attend to Queen Victoria
be determined to find out
be infected by waste
be polluted by raw waste
be much more likely to get cholera
through Snow's tireless efforts
Ⅱ.单词拼写/一句多译/句式升级
1．His mum got a ________(十分严重的) cold，so he had to be absent from school and attend to her at home.
2．The data shows that 2019 saw a sharp __________(减少) in the number of people who like group travel.
3．________(责备) for the failure of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.
severe
decrease
Blamed
4．你是一个如此成功的商人，学生们都渴望知道你的故事和经历。(应用文之邀请信)
(1)You are _____________________________ that the students are eager to know your stories and experiences.(such)
(2)You are ___________________________that the students are eager to know your stories and experiences.(so)
such a successful businessman
so successful a businessman
5．Jane didn't let out a cry of regret until she got lost in the forest.(读后续写之后悔心理描写)
→(1)___________________________________ Jane let out a cry of regret.(倒装句)
→(2)_________________________________________ Jane let out a cry of regret.(强调句)
Not until she got lost in the forest did
It was not until she got lost in the forest that
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The company was ________ (指责) for causing pollution in the river.
2．Health problems are closely ________ (联系) to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
3．What made him ____________ (沮丧的) was that his son was infected with this terrible virus.
4．Eating together has __________(数量多的) benefits for family members，especially children.
课时规范
训练(一)
blamed
linked
frustrated
multiple
5．I have already ___________ (怀疑) that they won't subscribe to my initial plan.
6．There is no solid _____ (证据，证明) that the house which they are living in belongs to her.
7．Because of the severe environmental pollution，this species of bird is ____________ (减少) in numbers every year.
8．Without substantial statistics，I had no idea how to ________ (处理) the difficult challenge.
suspected
proof
decreasing
handle
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I was overcome with sadness because I _______________ (suspect) of stealing his money.
2．Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed ____ the 21st Century.
3．At that time，people were advised to stay at home to reduce the risk of getting __________ (infect).
4．This is one proof ____ environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought.
was suspected
to
infected
that
5．Chinese herbs come from materials that are ________ (pure) natural，which have small side effects.
6．Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one ________ (blame).
7．The moment he heard the bad news，he felt ____________ (frustrate).
8．I had nothing special _____ (do) that summer，so I worked on the nearby farm to earn some extra money.
purely
to blame
frustrated
to do
Ⅲ.完成句子/一句多译
1．你应该记住更多的单词和表达来丰富你的词汇量，这对英语学习至关重要。
You should memorize more words and expressions to _____________ ____________________，which is of vital importance to English learning.
2．多亏了这个戏剧俱乐部，我认识了很多与我有共同兴趣的朋友。
__________________________，I have known many friends who share the same interest with me.
have your
vocabulary enriched
Thanks to the drama club
3．每当重要考试临近，许多学生就会感到沮丧和紧张。
Whenever important exams approach，___________________________ _________________________．
4．在过去的30年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
The past 30 years _____________________________ that have taken place in my hometown.
5．我叔叔是如此有天赋的一位作家，他的作品在国内外受到欢迎。
(1)My uncle is ___________________________ his works are popular at home and abroad.(so)
(2)My uncle is _____________________________ his works are popular at home and abroad.(such)
many students will feel
frustrated and nervous
have seen the great changes
so gifted a writer that
such a gifted writer that
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
My husband Robert and I had volunteered to help build an irrigation (灌溉) system for bananas in Zambia.The Heart of Africa Mission is run by local Zambians，with a focus on community development.We were there to share our agricultural (农业的) experience and knowledge with the African farmers.
We left snow-covered Alberta，Canada in January.We spent the next four weeks working side by side with the local Zambians in a banana plantation (种植园).The banana plantation would help make the Heart of Africa Mission self-supporting.It would also teach banana farming to the students there.Students would go on to teach others.It has done that and more.Through the jobs created，several families now have food，education for their children，and enough housing.The plantation is producing well and is a source of great pride for all who work there.
My husband worked hard at building the irrigation system.But the story he tells most often is of the young man who stopped us on one of our walks somewhere.He pointed to his bike，and laughing widely，told Robert，“Look，look，it still works.” Robert had repaired it for him.A bike in Zambia is like a truck in North America—necessary transportation for people and produce.Robert's small effort made a big difference in this man's life.
“We sure appreciate (感激) your sacrifice (牺牲)，” our organizer often says.For us it was never a sacrifice，only an honor to have the chance to work in a place so far from our own，to be able to exchange ideas and thoughts.All this happened while living in a beautiful sunny country in the green of the rainy season，while at home in Alberta，the snow would cover the landscape (风景) for months.No，the volunteer work was never a sacrifice.It was only an honor.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫曾经远离家乡，自愿来到赞比亚帮助建立一个香蕉灌溉系统，在那里与非洲农民分享他们的农业知识和经验，得到了当地人民的感激，而他们自己也为此感到光荣的故事。
1．What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A．She likes to take adventures.
B．She is probably an expert in agriculture.
C．She started the Heart of Africa Mission.
D．She used to live in Africa for a long time.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“My husband Robert and I had volunteered to help build an irrigation (灌溉) system for bananas in Zambia.”和“We were there to share our agricultural (农业的) experience and knowledge with the African farmers.”可知，作者在农业方面给了赞比亚极大的帮助，很可能是一名农业方面的专家。
2．Which of the following best describes the author's volunteer job
A．Costly.　　　　　 B．Tiring.
C．Challenging. D．Fruitful.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Through the jobs created，several families now have food，education for their children，and enough housing.” 可知，作者的志愿者工作富有成效，为当地人带来了很大的收获。
3．Why did the young man stop the author and her husband
A．To ask for help.
B．To express his thanks.
C．To show his cycling skills.
D．To tell them about his work.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中“He pointed to his bike，and laughing widely，told Robert，‘Look，look，it still works.’ Robert had repaired it for him.”和“Robert's small effort made a big difference in this man's life.”可知，罗伯特为这个年轻人修好了自行车，给他的生活带来了巨大的改变，他是为了感谢作者夫妇才拦住他们的。
4．Why did the author consider the volunteer work an honor
A．It enabled her to work harder.
B．It brought her public recognition.
C．It made her appreciate her life more.
D．It allowed her to experience different things.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For us it was never a sacrifice，only an honor to have the chance to work in a place so far from our own，to be able to exchange ideas and thoughts.”可知，作者认为这份志愿者工作能够在远离家乡的地方工作，让她有不同的经历和体验，了解不同的思想和想法，所以是一种荣誉。
B
Slobodchikoff，a biologist who has spent years working to better understand the calls of dogs，used that knowledge to help people who were having trouble with their pets.
A man reported his dog wanted to bite him.So Slobodchikoff went to the man's house.He watched as the owner walked over to the dog，towered over the pet and then said，“Good dog！” in a low-pitched(低沉) voice.“The dog ran into a corner，” Slobodchikoff recalled.The owner had scared the dog. Slobodchikoff recommended that the man should do the opposite.The owner took that advice—and ended up developing a great relationship with his pet.
Not everyone has the time to study dog communications or the money to bring in an expert.Slobodchikoff thinks tech could help.He thinks a cell phone app or device that you could point at a dog.This would record video and audio(音频) of a dog's behavior and then upload it.An artificial intelligence (AI)system would later analyze it.
“The AI would translate this for you into English or any other language，” says Slobodchikoff.The result，he explains，may be something like “‘I'm hungry’or ‘I need to go outside to pee’or ‘I want to go for a walk.’”
To train the AI system，Slobodchikoff planned to get data directly from pet dogs，but for some reason，he hasn't yet restarted the project to date，but hopes to soon.
Search an app store for a pet translator and you'll find plenty.Some are completely unscientific and silly.MeowTalk，however，is a cat-translation app based on an AI model.In 2021，its creators reported that the AI model achieved 90 percent accuracy at identifying nine different emotional states in meows.These included angry，happy，hunting，pain and rest.The app picks conversational phrases based on these emotions，like “nice to see you”， or “let me rest”．
People who have tried the app say it doesn't always work well.But better translations of barks and meows may be just around the corner.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了生物学家斯洛博奇科夫想利用人工智能来帮助人们更好地了解宠物，以便达到更好的交流的目的。
5．What might the man do to calm the dog
A．Tower over the pet dog.
B．Follow the dog to the corner.
C．Give the dog delicious food.
D．Speak in a high-pitched voice.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“He watched as the owner walked over to the dog，towered over the pet and then said，‘Good dog！’ in a low-pitched(低沉) voice.”以及“Slobodchikoff recommended that the man should do the opposite.”可知，男人使用高的语调才能让狗平静下来。
6．What is the function of the AI system in Slobodchikoff's view
A．To analyze data.
B．To train a dog.
C．To record a dog's behavior.
D．To collect data from a dog.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段“This would record video and audio(音频) of a dog's behavior and then upload it.An artificial intelligence (AI)system would later analyze it.”可知，人工智能应该被用来分析音频和视频，即分析数据。
7．What can we know about MeowTalk
A．It can communicate with cats.
B．It can judge cats' state of mood.
C．It can store 90 conversational phrases.
D．It can be used to track pet cats.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 2021，its creators reported that the AI model achieved 90 percent accuracy at identifying nine different emotional states in meows.”可知，这款软件能够识别判断猫的情绪。
8．What is mainly talked about in the passage
A．A biologist's puzzle.
B．Slobodchikoff's achievements.
C．Trials of animal translator technology.
D．The invention of Slobodchikoff.
解析：C　主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合全文可知，介绍了科学家Slobodchikoff想设计宠物语言翻译器的想法，同时也介绍了不断在尝试的智能猫语翻译器，即这篇文章主要讨论了动物翻译技术试验。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Michael Coyne has autism (孤独症)，he began searching for jobs when he was 21 years old，but he had no __1__．It was hard for his mother Sheila Coyne to see her autistic son get __2__ repeatedly in his job search.She suggested to him that he take a __3__ path in life.That's when Michael began__4__ business classes that were provided by a state-funded program for __5__ people.Shortly after completing his course work，he__6__ a coffee shop of his own.Coyne says that the business is growing.
The store has a web page that describes the__7__of the business.“We are a family-owned coffee shop serving up__8__a cup of coffee.We employ people with development a disabilities，encourage community engagement，and__9__the way the world sees those with disabilities.”
People have left__10__reviews on the company's web page praising the service they have received at the coffee shop.They also__11__the outstanding work that the family has done in succeeding with their business and in the transformative message their company has__12__．
Families who have children with disabilities have found the place to be a__13__spot to visit in their community.Seeing the success that Michael has had with his coffee shop，parents have renewed__14__that their own disabled children will find success in their__15__ as well.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Michael Coyne患有孤独症，找不到工作，于是他的妈妈鼓励他开了一家咖啡店，他们雇佣有发展障碍的人，鼓励社区参与，并改变世界对残疾人的看法。得到了人们的赞扬和认可。
1．A.choice　　　　 B．answer
C．luck D．confidence
解析：C　根据上文“he began searching for jobs when he was 21 years old，but he had no”中but表示转折，说明没有找到工作，have no luck表示“不成功”。
2．A.punished B．cheated
C．praised D．rejected
解析：D　根据上文“he began searching for jobs when he was 21 years old，but he had no”可知，儿子找工作一再被拒绝。
3．A.different B．unique
C．convenient D．familiar
解析：A　根据后文“a coffee shop of his own”可知，他开始自己创业，即走一条不同的人生道路。
4．A.organizing B．designing
C．taking D．choosing
解析：C　根据后文“business classes that were provided by a state-funded program”指开始上商业课程，应用动词take。
5．A.lonely B．disabled
C．brave D．kind
解析：B　根据后文“Families who have children with disabilities”可知，这个课程是针对残疾人的。
6．A.searched B．advertised
C．entered D．founded
解析：D　根据后文“Coyne says that the business is growing.”指他自己开了一家咖啡店。
7．A.potential B．future
C．mission D．development
解析：C　根据上文“The store has a Internet page that describes the”指这家店的网络页面描述了它的业务使命。
8．A.more than B．at least
C．anything but D．something like
解析：A　根据后文“We employ people with development a disabilities，encourage community engagement ”可知，他们的店提供的不仅仅是一杯咖啡，也是一次就业机会。
9．A.create B．change
C．explain D．adopt
解析：B　根据后文“the way the world sees those with disabilities”可知，店铺想要改变世界对残疾人的看法。
10．A.humorous B．doubtful
C．divided D．positive
解析：D　根据后文“praising the service they have received at the coffee shop”可知，是积极的评价。
11．A.recognized B．conducted
C．assigned D．sponsored
解析：A　根据上文“praising the service they have received at the coffee shop”可知店铺得到了别人的认可。
12．A.gathered B．received
C．sent D．conveyed
解析：D　根据上文“transformative message their company has”指人们认可了这个家庭在成功经营他们的商业和他们的公司所传达的变革性信息方面所做的杰出工作。
13．A.friendly B．similar
C．quiet D．secret
解析：A　根据上文“Families who have children with disabilities”以及“We employ people with development a disabilities，encourage community engagement”可知，是对残疾孩子家庭来说是一个友好的地方。
14．A.curiosity B．interest
C．hope D．imagination
解析：C　根据后文“their own disabled children will find success”看到Michael在他的咖啡店取得的成功，父母们重新希望他们的残疾孩子也能在他们的事业上取得成功。
15．A.education B．career
C．research D．communication
解析：B　参见上题解析。
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
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