资源简介

(共61张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
No.1 精析文
No.2 研新知
课时规范训练(三)
1
2
4
内容索引
练一练·课堂微练提能
3
No.1
精析文
第一步：细读　知细节明察秋毫
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．How an American doctor，Henry Heimlich，created the Heimlich manoeuvre.
B．How to do the Heimlich manoeuvre.
C．We should help each other.
D．Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，did the Heimlich manoeuvre to Zhang Tao and saved his life.
2．What can we infer from paragraphs 4－5
A．If someone is choking，first slap the victim's back.
B．When doing the Heimlich manoeuvre，wrap your arms around his neck.
C.If slapping does not work，do the Heimlich manoeuvre right away.
D．Make a fist with one hand and place it in the lower part of his stomach.
3．Which of the following is NOT true
A．We should not do the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child in order not to hurt him.
B．Lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body.
C．Don't stop performing firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
D．If a child chokes，call 120 at once and wait patiently.
4．From which is the text probably taken
A．A health magazine.
B．A biology textbook.
C．A research paper.
D．A travel brochure.
答案：1～4　DCDA
第二步：填空　辨难句拆分解读
1．He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends ______________ (slap) him on the back. (P56 Para.1)
[结构分析]　此句是while连接的____句，with his face turning red是with的复合结构作____。
[尝试翻译]　________________________________________________ ______________
were slapping
并列
状语
只见他正按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。
2．_______ (choke) victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die，leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. (P56 Para.3)
[结构分析]　此句是____句，before引导________从句，leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive是动词-ing形式作________。
[尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________ _____________________________
Choking
复合
时间状语
结果状语
噎食者通常大约仅四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来。
3．Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not ___________ (recommend)，as you may hurt him. (P56 Para.5)
[结构分析]　此句是____句，Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child是主句的____，as引导的是________从句。
[尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________ _________
recommended
复合
主语
原因状语
不建议对小孩实施海姆利希手法，因为你可能会伤到他。
4．Instead，lay the child face down on your lap with the head _____ (low) than the rest of his body，and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again. (P56 Para.5)
[结构分析]　此句是________句，and前后两个句子都是____句，until引导的是________从句。
[尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________ _________________________________________________
lower
并列复合
祈使
时间状语
相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直到他恢复呼吸。
第三步：会写　析写作增分靓句
1．Find out the sentences showing the scene of Zhang Tao's choking.(找出描述张涛窒息场景的句子)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A fellow diner at the restaurant，Zhang Tao，was choking on some steak.He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
2．Find out the sentences concerning how to perform the Heimlich manoeuvre.(找出有关如何实施海姆利希手法的句子)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If this does not work，you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist.Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach.Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly，push up and into his stomach in one motion.Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.
3．Find out the sentences concerning how to perform first aid on children.(找出有关如何对儿童进行急救的句子)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Instead，lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body，and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
[板块一　单词短语——点点清]
No.2
研新知
1．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断( interruption n．打扰；插嘴；中断；阻断物)
[练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Because the children keep ____________(interrupt) her whenever she reads a book，she is always losing her place.
(2)She has kept up physical training for several years without ____________ (interrupt).
interrupting
interruption
(3)我很抱歉打断会议，但有一个周先生的紧急长途电话。
________________________________，but there is an urgent long-distance call from Mr.Zhou.
I'm sorry to interrupt the meeting
be interrupted by　　被……打断
without interruption 连续地；不间断地
2．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的( desperately adv.极其，非常；绝望地)
[练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)Learning that our school wants to make some improvement in the school library, I am desperate _________(share) some opinions.
(2)I ___________(desperate) need your practical suggestions，because I have great difficulty making friends.
to share
desperately
(3)我渴望和你一起体验位于我们图书馆三楼的自习室。
①________________________________ the group study room located on the third floor of our library together with you.
②____________________________ the group study room located on the third floor of our library together with you.
I am desperate for an experience to
I am desperate to experience
be desperate for sth 　渴望某物
be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事
[板块二　经典句式——句句通]
句型公式：have sth done结构
(教材原句)Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
北京的高中生陈伟在吃晚餐时突然听到另一桌有人尖叫，就停了下来。
[练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Thanks to the columns, not only have I had my vocabulary ________ (enlarge) but I have improved my reading ability.(应用文之推荐信)
enlarged
(2)I can't attend your birthday party tonight，for I have something important ________ (deal) with.
(3)只有这样，才能让他们确切地知道你的想法和感受。
Only in this way can you ________________ for certain what you think and feel.(应用文之建议信)
to deal
have them know
have sth done　　某事被做
have sb doing sth 让某人处于某种状态
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sth to do 有事情要做(不定式作定语)
练一练
课堂微练提能
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．________________________ 拍他的后背
2．____________________________ 在张涛朋友们的帮助下
3．____________________ 一刻千金/分秒必争
4．______________________________ 拨打急救电话
5．____________________________________ 用你的双臂环抱他的腰部
slap him on the back
with the help of Zhang's friends
every minute counts
call the emergency services
wrap your arms around his waist
6．______________________________ 一只手握拳
7．______________________________________ 用另一只手紧紧握住你的拳头
8．_______________________ 有责任
make a fist with one hand
grab your fist with your other hand tightly
have a responsibility
Ⅱ.单词拼写/补全句子
1．On a freezing cold night，I was caught in a car accident in the suburbs and a kind-hearted passer-by called an a__________．
2．My son arose from his bed，tiptoed downstairs and s______ out of the house without anyone noticing him.
3．The elderly woman s________ hard and forced back her tears of sadness and helplessness.
4．When we come across those who fall，we should ____________________ (扶他们站起来).
mbulance
lipped
wallowed
help them to their feet
5．A strong wind knocked him off balance and he fell __________ (面朝下) in the mud.
6．He was ______________ (身体状况不好) and he had to take medicine every day.
face down
out of shape
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I'm writing to tell you the notice that our school will go travelling in the ______ (郊区) this Saturday.
2．We should try to stop the ________ (流血) by using proper methods.
3．Fish and seabirds usually mistake plastic for food and _____ (窒息) to death.
4．But for your timely rescue，the boy would have been _______ (淹死).
课时规范
训练(三)
suburb
bleeding
choke
drowned
5．This will not only improve the _______ (福利) of the consumers，but also make the company develop faster.
6．After a moment，the elderly lady was taken into an _________ (救护车).
7．Now，I'm writing to apply for the __________ (会员) of the English Tutorial.
8．You should ____ (抓住) every opportunity to practice using the language.
welfare
ambulance
membership
grab
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．What you should do is learning from your mistakes instead of ________ (drown) in sorrows and regrets.
2．The activity offered me not only a new _________ (practice) skill but also a good insight into traditional Chinese crafts.
3．Students doing homework hate the constant ____________ (interrupt) caused by the noisy music.
4．The woman tried ___________ (desperate) to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
drowning
practical
interruption
desperately
5．You had better stay home in bed since you haven't recovered from the _________ (operate).
6．He slowed the ________ (bleed) by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
7．Owing to the _____ (fog) weather，the operator left his hometown alone.
8．He _______ (slip) out of the party without saying goodbye to anyone.
operation
bleeding
foggy
slipped
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．麦迪逊毫不迟疑地跑到邻居家的院子里，在那里他们找到了男孩忧心忡忡的母亲。
______________, Madison ran to a neighbor's yard, where they found the boy's worried mother.
2．看到考试的结果，我是如此绝望，以至于我感觉好像被扔进了黑暗的世界。(读后续写之绝望心理描写)
Seeing the result of the exam，________________________I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.(倒装句)
Without delay
so desperate was I that
3．看到她滑倒在地，我冲过去，紧紧抓住她的手，扶她站起来。
____________________________，I rushed over，grabbed her by the hand tightly and _______________________．
4．我渴望提高我的书面英语，写信向你寻求一些实用的建议。
_____________________________________，I'm writing to ask you for some practical tips.
5．大家笑起来。我惊慌失措地看着他们。
Everyone started laughing.I ___________________________．
Seeing her slip on the ground
helped her to her feet
Desperate to improve my written English
looked at them in panic
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In a breathtaking incident in Berlin, a young man narrowly escaped a life-threatening situation where he became trapped beneath a bus.
The 16-year-old found himself unable to move beneath a tyre (轮胎) of the bus when he fell down during an attempt to catch the departing vehicle at a local stop on a Monday afternoon.The quick response of the bus driver, who immediately stopped the vehicle, coupled with the assistance of roughly 40 people，including both passengers and bystanders, led to a remarkable achievement.Together, they managed to lift the right side of the bus sufficiently to free the young man.
Frank Kurze, one of the courageous volunteers who participated in the rescue, recalled the messy scene, stating, “I saw the men trying to lift the bus, and it was clear to me that I also had to help lift the bus and try to pull the young man from underneath.”
Nearby medical professionals from a healthcare center in the Spandau neighborhood of Berlin instantly arrived at the scene to provide vital first aid.Michelle Rueckborn, one of the nurses on duty, shared their response, saying, “We were at work when we heard screams, and our coworker looked out of the window and saw what had happened, and said ‘Grab the doctor's kit and run.’”
Sandra Grunwald, another nurse present at the scene, added, “He was responsive but understandably confused, unsure of what was unfolding around him.” Despite the frightening circumstances, the young man unbelievably survived with only minor injuries, thanks to the collective effort of around 40 individuals who came together to perform a heroic rescue.
The Berlin police department praised the collective efforts of those involved in the rescue as “heroes” and expressed their gratitude on social media, stating, “Thank you, Spandau.Thank you, Berlin.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在柏林，路人和医护人员全力营救一名被困车底的十六岁少年的英勇事迹。
1．What happened at the bus stop
A．A teenager got caught under a bus.
B．The tyre of a bus suddenly blew out.
C．A young passenger fell from his seat.
D．The driver found the bus uncontrollable.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在车站里一个少年被困在公共汽车下面。
2．What did Frank Kurze do at the rescue scene
A．He recorded the whole event.
B．He stepped forward bravely.
C．He turned to medical staff.
D．He called more volunteers in.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，弗兰克·库尔兹在救援现场勇敢地上前帮忙。
3．Which of the following best describes the medical professionals
A．Tolerant.　　　　 B．Creative.
C．Patient. D．Decisive.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段“Michelle Rueckborn, one of the nurses on duty, shared their response, saying ...and said ‘Grab the doctor's kit and run.’”可推知，医护人员在救援时是果断的。
4．What message does the text try to convey
A．One good turn deserves another.
B．Kindness brings mental rewards.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Opportunity is for the prepared.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，文章想要传达的信息是“人多力量大”。
B
Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the coherence(连贯)of one's life，the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one's life matters.But we believe there is another element to consider.
Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike.Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty.When people are open to appreciating such experiences，these moments may enhance how they view their life.We call this element experiential appreciation，an ability to detect and admire life's inner beauty as events happen.
To better understand this appreciation，we conducted a series of studies involving over 3，000 participants.Initially，we had participants rate their coping strategies to relieve their stress.Those managing stress by focusing on their appreciation for life's beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.In the follow-ups，we asked them to rate the extent to which they agreed with various statements，such as “I have a great appreciation for the beauty of life” and other statements related to coherence，purpose，existential mattering.Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”，the more they felt their existence valuable.In the subsequent experiment，we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video，they also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments，compared with those watching more neutral videos.
The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful.But applying that insight can be difficult.Our modern，fast-paced，project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets.We are on the go，attempting to maximize our output.This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now.Yet life happens in the present moment.We should slow down，let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.After all，we live in a wonderful world.There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用一系列研究结果，论证了体验性欣赏对个人生活的重要性和价值，并建议我们应该放慢脚步，欣赏并感激生活中的每一刻。
5．Why does the author mention the admiration of butterfly
A．To express people's desire to enhance their life.
B．To display people's imagination to whatever happens.
C.To indicate the openness of people to the life coherence.
D．To introduce the concept of experimental appreciation.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，作者在提到停下来欣赏蝴蝶后，就引出概念“体验性欣赏”。
6．What is mainly explained in the third paragraph
A．The participants' life involved in the study.
B．The contribution of a long-term goal in life.
C．The theory in experiential appreciation.
D．The analysis of the belief that matters most.
解析：C　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要解释了体验性欣赏的理论。
7．What is challenging us to appreciate the present in our life
A．Our modern fast-paced lifestyle.
B．The lack of opportunities.
C．Our focus on individual feelings.
D．The ignorance of future outcomes.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But applying that insight can be difficult.Our modern，fast-paced，project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets.We are on the go，attempting to maximize our output.This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now.”可知，现代快节奏的生活方式使我们不能去欣赏生活中的当下。
8．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Enjoying a Valuable Coherence
B．Finding the Inner Beauty of Ourselves
C．Living an Active and Meaningful Existence
D．Exploring the End of a Significant Life
解析：C　标题归纳题。根据文章第一、二段，再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天，从而活得积极而有意义。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Dan Mancina is a professional skateboarder known for being visually impaired and sharing clips of his skating on social media.He has a large following of fans，all __1__ to see his skillful tricks.And videos of him using his walking stick as he skates inspires curiosity and __2__ from fans around the world.
The Michigan native started skating at 7，and took it more __3__ at 13，developing a love for the sport which he says helps him express himself.A rare genetic eye disease began to __4__ his vision at 15，and after a year and a half，he completely lost his __5__．
He stopped skating for a couple of years.This was the __6__ point of his life.__7__ letting his blindness dominate what he could or would do，he gradually __8__ to doing what he loved—spending time outdoors.
One day，he wanted to see if he could still skate，so he __9__ a video of a trick，which eventually got __10__ on social media and received great feedback.That inspired him to try a bit more，and slowly he got back into skateboarding.
In order to help make skateboarding more __11__ to people with vision impairments，Dan has started a fundraising __12__ to build the world's first adaptive skate park.Mancina has __13__ around $40，000 for the park.He hopes to be __14__ skate workshops for visually impaired kids by next spring or summer.
“I'm honored I can be a(n)__15__ for our community.Never let others define you and what you are capable of，” he said.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国密歇根州的一名失明滑板运动员不仅在滑板运动上取得了成功，而且还在努力影响他人。
1．A.eager　　　　　 B．nervous
C．cautious D．hesitant
解析：A　根据“He has a large following of fans”可知，粉丝都渴望看到他的绝技。
2．A.gratitude B．admiration
C．reflection D．approval
解析：B　根据“And videos of him using his walking stick as he skates inspires curiosity”可知，丹·曼西纳在滑板上使用手杖的视频激发了粉丝的崇拜。
3．A.exactly B．severely
C．honestly D．seriously
解析：D　根据“The Michigan native started skating at 7”可知，丹·曼西纳13岁时更认真地对待滑板这项运动。
4．A.earn B．check
C．affect D．promote
解析：C　 根据“A rare genetic eye disease”可知，罕见的遗传性眼病开始影响丹·曼西纳的视力。
5．A.fortune B．temper
C．thought D．sight
解析：D　 根据“A rare genetic eye disease began to ____ his vision at 15”和“____ letting his blindness dominate what he could or would do”可知，因为罕见的遗传性眼病使得丹·曼西纳完全失明。
6．A.lowest B．starting
C．finishing D．highest
解析：A　根据“He stopped skating for a couple of years.”可知，因为失明不能从事滑板运动，所以这是他人生的最低谷。
7．A.Other than B．Apart from
C．Rather than D．Regardless of
解析：C　根据“he gradually ____ to doing what he loved—spending time outdoors”可知，丹·曼西纳不让自己的失明主宰自己，而是开始从事户外活动。
8．A.objected B．returned
C．admitted D．contributed
解析：B　根据“spending time outdoors”可知，丹·曼西纳逐渐回到自己喜欢的事情上。
9．A.filmed B．developed
C．watched D．replaced
解析：A　根据“a video of a trick”可知，丹·曼西纳拍了一段自己滑板时的视频。
10．A.imitated B．changed
C．shared D．involved
解析：C　根据“so he ____ a video of a trick”可知，所拍的视频被分享到社交媒体上。
11．A.achievable B．affordable
C．bearable D．accessible
解析：D　根据“Dan has started a fundraising ____ to build the world's first adaptive skate park”可知，丹·曼西纳建立适应性滑板公园是为了帮助有视力障碍的人更容易接触滑板。
12．A.permission B．competition
C．assignment D．campaign
解析：D　 根据“In order to help make skateboarding more ____ to people with vision impairments”可知，丹·曼西纳开始了一项筹款活动，目的是帮助有视力障碍的人更容易接触滑板。
13．A.raised B．distributed
C．spent D．wasted
解析：A　根据“Dan has started a fundraising ____ to build the world's first adaptive skate park”可知，丹·曼西纳筹集了大约4万美元。
14．A.examining B．running
C．counting D．exploring
解析：B　根据“skate workshops for visually impaired kids by next spring or summer”可知，丹·曼西纳打算开办滑板讲习班。
15．A.signal B．alarm
C．voice D．surprise
解析：C　根据“Never let others define you and what you are capable of”可知，丹·曼西纳很荣幸能够为自己的社区发声。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校拟开设急救课程，校英文报Students' Voice栏目就此向学生征集相关建议。请你向该栏目投稿，内容包括：
1．课程开设的必要性；
2．课程开设的建议。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
First Aid Course Matters
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
First_Aid_Course_Matters
When it comes to the first aid course, I hold the view that it is a must for students to be offered some related knowledge.
First aid is a science of giving medical care to a person before a doctor can be found.If quickly and correctly given, it can save a person's life.However, only those with the right knowledge can perform first aid, so I suggest that our school should provide specific instruction on how to treat drowning, bleeding, choking, burns, cuts and traffic accidents.More importantly, involvement with the community is encouraged, which offers opportunities for students to apply their skills through volunteering or community events.
I'm convinced that the course will be well received.
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
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UNIT 5　FIRST AID
选择性必修 第二册
话题阅读·单元导入
内容索引
话题阅读
单元导入
First Aid: a Lifesaving Skill
First aid is the immediate care given to a person who is injured or suddenly becomes ill.It is a simple yet crucial skill that can make a significant difference in emergency situations.The primary goals of first aid are to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and promote recovery.
The basics of first aid are easy to learn and can be applied by anyone.The ABCs—Airway, Breathing, and Circulation—are the foundation.Ensuring the airway is clear, checking for breathing, and maintaining circulation are the first steps in any emergency.For instance, if someone is choking, the Heimlich maneuver can dislodge the obstruction.In case of severe bleeding, applying direct pressure can stop the flow.
Learning first aid is not just about acquiring skills；it's about being prepared to help others.It improves a sense of community and responsibility, ensuring that we can all contribute to the safety and well-being of those around us.
In conclusion, first aid is an essential skill that empowers individuals to respond effectively in emergencies.By understanding and practicing basic first aid techniques, we can make a real difference in saving lives and minimizing the impact of accidents.It is a simple act of kindness and preparedness that everyone should embrace.
[词海拾贝]
1．crucial adj.　至关重要的
2．apply vt. 应用；运用
3．dislodge vt. 取出
4．acquire vt. 取得，获得
5．empower vt. 授权；给(某人)……的权力
UNIT 5　FIRST AID
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Section Ⅳ　Writing
Writing 1　关于实施急救的故事
[满分微讲坛——范式素材感悟·有章可循]
一、课文范式推荐
二、话题素材积累
1．Accidental injuries are hard to avoid and sometimes hard to predict in our daily life.
日常生活中，意外伤害很难避免，有时也难以预料。
2．A person has had an accident and may need medical attention before the doctor arrives.
一个人出了事故，在医生到达前可能需要医治。
3．Many accidents may happen at home.
许多事故可能发生在家里。
4．All parents should know first aid in order to deal with common injuries which may happen to their children.
所有的父母都应该懂得急救，以应对儿童可能发生的常见伤害。
5．When a person is bitten by an animal，wash the wound with cold running water before he/she is taken to see a doctor.
当一个人被动物咬伤了，在他/她被送去看医生前要用流动的凉水清洗伤口。
6．When a person is burnt，wash and cool the area of the skin under the cold tap for a while.Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burn.
当人被烧伤时，在冷水龙头下清洗和冷却皮肤受伤区域。然后用一块干净的干布敷在伤口上。
7．If a person cuts his/her finger，clean it and put a piece of gauze round the cut.
如果一个人割伤了他/她的手指，把它清理干净，然后用一块纱布裹住伤口。
[满分练到位——妙笔成篇训练·立竿见影]
上周日，王林和他的朋友们在餐馆吃饭，这时其中一个朋友陈辉突然因食物噎住而窒息。请你根据以下要点提示用英语写一篇短文来描述此事件，并发表你的看法。
1．王林懂得一些急救知识，他让陈辉保持冷静，同时让李强打电话叫救护车；
2．他用力拍陈辉的背部，很快陈辉吐出一块未嚼碎的土豆；
3．医生表扬了王林，并对他的行为给予了高度评价。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[谋篇布局]
[遣词造句]
1．上周日，王林和他的朋友们在一家餐馆吃饭。
Last Sunday，Wang Lin and his friends ________________________ _____________．
2．突然，陈辉被食物噎住了，无法呼吸。
Suddenly，Chen Hui was unable to breathe because he ______________ ____________．
3．幸运的是，王林懂得一些急救知识。
Luckily，Wang Lin knew _______________________________．
were eating food in a restaurant
choked on some food
some knowledge of first aid
4．他让陈辉保持冷静。
He asked Chen Hui ______________．
5．他让李强叫救护车。
He asked Li Qiang ________________________．
6．他重重地拍打陈辉的后背。
He _______ Chen Hui hard _____________．
to keep calm
to call for an ambulance
slapped
on the back
7．很快，陈辉吐出了一块没被彻底嚼碎的土豆。
Soon Chen Hui _______________________________．It was not chewed up thoroughly.
8．医生表扬了王林，对他的表现给予了高度评价。
The doctor praised Wang Lin and ______________________________．
9．拥有一些急救知识可以在紧急情况下挽救一个人的生命。
______________________________ can save one's life in an emergency.
threw up a piece of potato
thought highly of his performance
Having some knowledge of first aid
[词句升级]
10．用并列连词and连接句4和句5
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11．用定语从句合并升级句7
___________________________________________________________________________________________
He asked Chen Hui to keep calm and meanwhile，he asked Li Qiang to call for an ambulance.
Soon Chen Hui threw up a piece of potato which was not chewed up thoroughly.
[妙笔成篇]
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Last Sunday，Wang Lin and his friends were eating food in a restaurant.Suddenly，Chen Hui was unable to breathe because he choked on some food.
Luckily，Wang Lin knew some knowledge of first aid.He asked Chen Hui to keep calm and meanwhile，he asked Li Qiang to call for an ambulance.He slapped Chen Hui hard on the back.Soon Chen Hui threw up a piece of potato which was not chewed up thoroughly.The doctor praised Wang Lin and thought highly of his performance.
Having some knowledge of first aid can save one's life in an emergency.
Writing 2　语料积累　读后续写
[教材语料积累]
词 汇 情感 描写 panic vi. & vt.(使)惊慌 n．惊恐；恐慌　scream vi. & vt.
(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫　n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音　desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→desperately adv.绝望地；非常
词 汇 动作 描写 choke vi. & vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；噎住　swallow vt. & vi.吞下；咽下　wrap vt.包、裹；(用手臂等)围住　bath vt.(NAmE＝bathe)给……洗澡　slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走　drown vi. & vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没　slap vt.(用手掌)打、拍　grab vt.抓住；攫取　collapse vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒　ease vi. & vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解　tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tighten vt. & vi.(使)变紧；(使)加紧　help sb to one's feet帮助某人站起身来　face up/down面朝上(朝下)
环境 描写 foggy adj.有雾的　suburb n．郊区；城外
句 型 1.It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.(排比)
2．A fellow diner at the restaurant，Zhang Tao，was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.(场景描写)
3．Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly，push up and into his stomach in one motion.(动作描写)
4．How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another's welfare.(主旨升华)
[续写语料运用]
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。
　　1._____________________，a wild wolf 2._________________________．My brother and I 3._______________________________.Our throats 4._________ and we nearly 5._________________．My brother 6.________________________________．He 7._______________________________________________________．At that time，seeing a thick stick，I jerked away my brother's arms，8._____________________________________ smashed it to the wolf.The wolf fled in roars.I 9._______________，stumbled to my trembling brother，10.______________________________________________________________．
On a foggy morning
slipped into our house
were panicked into screaming
tightened
choked to death
was drowned into limitless panic
wrapped his arms around me tightly and nearly collapsed
grabbed the stick and desperately
swallowed hard
helped him to his feet and slapped him on the back to ease his nervousness
　　在一个有雾的早晨，一只野狼溜进了我们的房子。我和我弟弟被吓得尖叫起来。我们的喉咙发紧，几乎要窒息而死了。我弟弟被无穷无尽的恐惧淹没了。他用胳膊紧紧地抱着我，几乎要昏倒了。在那时，我看到一根粗棍，我猛地推开弟弟的胳膊，抓起棍，拼命地向狼砸去。狼嚎叫着逃跑了。我使劲咽了口唾沫，跌跌撞撞地走向我颤抖的弟弟，帮助他站起来，拍着他的后背以缓解他的紧张。
Section Ⅳ　Writing
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Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language &
Discovering Useful Structures
复习动词-ing形式
No.1 初识语法
No.2 慧学语法
课时规范训练(二)
1
2
4
内容索引
练一练·课堂微练提能
3
No.1
初识语法
[背美文　悟语法]
Good afternoon, everyone!
It's my great honor to stand here and deliver a speech entitled “My Ideal Career”．
Every student is faced with the problem of ①choosing a career when they graduate from college.To make an informed choice, I strongly recommend ②considering two aspects, namely personal interest and the demand of the society.When ③taking the two aspects into consideration, a man can show his ability and talent.
④Learning foreign languages，English in particular, is my dream.In the contemporary society，international exchange is of⑤growing significance.So I am determined to be a qualified translator.
Thank you for listening.
1.动词-ing形式是一种______动词。动词-ing形式包括______和________两种形式。
2．动名词既具有动词的特征，也具有名词的特征，在句中可作____、____、____和____等成分。现在分词在句中可以作____、____、______、____等成分。
3．动名词短语choosing a career 作____。
4．动名词短语considering two aspects作____。
5．分词短语 taking the two aspects into consideration 作____。
6．动名词短语Learning foreign languages 作____。
7．现在分词growing 作____。
非谓语
动名词
现在分词
主语
表语
宾语
定语
表语
补足语
状语
宾语
宾语
状语
主语
定语
定语
一、动词-ing形式的基本情况
1．含义
动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等。
2．动词-ing形式的时态和语态
No.2
慧学语法
　　语态 时态　　 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
The boy swimming in the lake is from the USA.
在湖里游泳的那个男孩来自美国。(一般式的主动语态)
The boy being praised by the teacher is from the USA.
正在被老师表扬的那个男孩来自美国。(一般式的被动语态)
Having finished his homework，the boy went to the cinema.
完成作业后，男孩去看电影了。(完成式的主动语态)
Having been told many times，he still made the same silly mistake.
尽管被告知多次，他仍然犯了同样愚蠢的错误。(完成式的被动语态)
3．动词-ing形式的否定式是在前面加not构成
Not knowing his telephone number，I can't get in touch with him.
不知道他的电话号码，我无法与他取得联系。
[即时演练1]　单句语法填空
①____________________(warn) by the teacher，the students didn't make such mistakes.
②___________(set) a great example to us students，she fully deserves my respect.
③(2023·浙江卷1月)When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away；she sat _______(look) at me with her bright eyes.
④_____________________(expose) to English for 10 more years, I have a good command of both spoken and written English.
Having been warned
Having set
looking
Having been exposed
二、动词-ing形式的句法功能
1．动词-ing形式作主语
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Being blamed for the breakdown of the computer made me quite frustrated.
由于电脑坏掉而受到指责使我非常沮丧。
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没用的。
[小结]　(1)动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
(2)单个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(3)it代替动词-ing形式作形式主语，常见句式有：
It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间的
It's no good/use/fun doing sth 做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is useless doing sth 做某事没用
It is worthwhile doing sth 做某事是值得的
It is (well) worth doing sth 做某事是(非常)值得的
[即时演练2]　单句语法填空
①From what's mentioned above，__________(protect)oceans becomes urgent.
②________ (visit) the nursing home has always been a meaningful and interesting activity.
③I know it's no use _______(feel) sad and worried, so I decide to do something to change the situation.
④______________ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.
protecting
Visiting
feeling
Being invited
2．动词-ing形式作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语
Governments need to consider making policies and taking proper measures to conserve our ocean.
各国政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当措施来保护我们的海洋。
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听广播。
He narrowly avoided being killed in the accident.
在这次事故中他九死一生。
[小结]　常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
(2)作介词的宾语
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I am looking forward to being admitted to a key university.
我盼望着被一所重点大学录取。
[小结]　常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on(坚持)，object to(反对)，lead to(导致)，put off(推迟)，give up(放弃)，look forward to(盼望)，feel like(想要)，devote ...to(致力于)，get used to(习惯于)，pay attention to(注意)等。
(3)有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记着给你的家人送上我最好的祝福。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
Don't forget to post the letter on your way to school.
别忘了在上学的路上顺便把这封信寄出去。
I shall never forget hearing her singing the song.
我永远也不会忘记听她唱这首歌时的情景。
[小结]　有这样用法的动词(短语)见下表：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
动词 宾语的形式 意义
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
(4)在有些动词的后面，如start，begin，continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过似的。
(5)动词-ing的主动形式表被动
The bike needs repairing.
＝The bike needs to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。
His behavior deserves praising.
＝His behavior deserves to be praised.
他的行为值得表扬。
The book is well worth reading.
这本书非常值得一读。
[小结]　动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。常见的有：
need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done需要做
deserve doing＝deserve to be done值得做
be well worth doing sth 非常值得做某事
(6)在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend...(in) doing sth 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing...做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent ...(from) doing sth 阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很愉快/很困难
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth 做某事毫无意义
[即时演练3]　单句语法填空
①The key to _______ (solve) the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers.
②I'm more than delighted to know you are considering ______ (come) to China to learn traditional Chinese medicine.
③Let's all take action now and contribute to ________(build) a harmonious environment.
④In short, it's necessary for us to stop __________ (destroy) the planet and start to protect it.
solving
coming
building
destroying
3．动词-ing形式作表语
The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.
你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人心。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[小结]　动词-ing形式作表语说明主语的性质特征或具体内容。常见的有moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。
[即时演练4]　单句语法填空
①The trip is very ________ (excite)，and we have decided to have a similar one.
②Henry's job is ___________________ (teach) physics in a local middle school.
③Your task is ________ (clean) the old car over there on your own.
④It is well known that the actions of each volunteer during the earthquake are _________(inspire) and admirable.
⑤Jordan says that the secret to his success is ________ (learn) from his failures.
exciting
teaching/to teach
cleaning
inspiring
learning
4．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。
(1)感官动词(短语)
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到那个小男孩正在那儿哭。
[小结]　“see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to”＋宾语＋doing sth (作宾补)
(2)使役动词
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won't have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
I won't let you lie to others.
我不会让你对别人撒谎。
Online shopping can get you to be addicted to it.
网上购物使你对其上瘾。
[小结]　have/keep/get/leave sb/sth＋doing sth使……一直做某事
have/let/make sb＋do sth ＝get/cause sb to do sth使/让某人做某事
(3)with复合结构
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
With my proposal declined，I was in low spirits.
由于我的提议被拒绝，我情绪很低落。
With so much work to do，he was nearly in despair.
有如此多的工作要做，他几乎绝望了。
[小结]　with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来)
[即时演练5]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①I woke up to see my family and friends _________(gather) in the room, with their eyes fixed on me.
②When he passed the swimming pool，he saw someone ________ (swim) in it.
③I heard Mary _______ (sing) a song in the next room last night.
④Besides，we can use all kinds of resources to make learning more ___________ (interest).
⑤As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.
→_______________________，we will have a better and better life.
gathering
swimming
singing
interesting
With time passing by
5．动词-ing形式作定语
(1)前置定语(放在所修饰的名词前)
A reading room is a place suitable for learning.(表用途)
阅览室是一个适合学习的地方。
She glanced at the sleeping child and then hurried away.(表示正在进行)
她瞥了一眼睡着的孩子，随即匆匆离开了。
[小结]　动词-ing形式作前置定语表示被修饰词的某种用途或者正在进行的动作。
(2)后置定语(放在所修饰的名词后)
The meeting being held now is of great significance.
＝The meeting which/that is being held now is of great significance.
正在举行的会议非常重要。
[小结]　动词-ing形式作后置定语时，表示被修饰词所进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
[即时演练6]　单句语法填空
①The topic ________________ (discuss) now has drawn some experts' attention.
②Grandma came into my bedroom with a _______ (walk) stick in her hand.
③The _______ (amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the hotter the spring is!
④There are several factors ____________ (contribute) to the outbreak of sandstorm.
being discussed
walking
amazing
contributing
6．动词-ing形式作状语
As he was ill，he couldn't go to school.
＝Being ill，he couldn't go to school.(原因状语)
因为生病了，他不能去上学。
If you work hard，you'll make great progress.
＝Working hard，you'll make great progress.(条件状语)
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.(伴随状语)
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
Though they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.
＝Though knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage.(让步状语)
尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated.(意料之中的结果状语)
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。
[小结]　动词-ing形式在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况，为表意更明确可在其前加上相应的连词，如when，while，though等。
[注意]　当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用having done/having been done作状语。
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(Having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
Having been told many times，he couldn't understand what I meant.
尽管已被告知多次，但他不能理解我的意思。
[即时演练7]　句型转换
①When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.
→_______________________，she remembered her childhood.
②Because I don't know his address，I can't send this book to him.
→__________________________，I can't send this book to him.
③If you use your head，you'll have a good idea.
→_________________，you'll have a good idea.
Seeing those pictures
Not knowing his address
Using your head
练一练
课堂微练提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I have learned that our school is in need of a volunteer working for _____________(communicate) with the international exchange students.
2．__________ (collect) enough information about the experiment is quite necessary to make sure that the data is correct.
3．The earthquake hit the area several days ago，_______ (cause) many deaths.
communicating
Collecting
causing
4．__________________ (tell) many times how to do it，he still couldn't understand，so I had to do it myself.
5．I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and ______ (give) lessons to the lovely children.
6．Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower ______ (date) back to two hundred years ago.
Having been told
giving
dating
Ⅱ.根据提示用动词-ing形式简要介绍一下急救知识的重要性
1．________________________________________________ (学习一些急救知识是很有必要的).There are always some small accidents 2._______________________________ (在我们的日常生活中发生).3._________________________ (面对一些紧急情况)，we should keep calm and perform first aid to the victim，which can make a difference.Therefore，I 4.____________________________________ (建议我们都参加一些急救课程).
Learning some knowledge about first aid is necessary
happening in our daily life
Facing some emergencies
suggest our attending first aid classes
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After a while, she discovered that _______(surf)the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored.
2．At break, Mr.Green got down to dealing with the matters _______(arise) from his company.
3．It's no use __________ (discuss) with him over the small thing on such a big occasion.
课时规范
训练(二)
surfing
arising
discussing
4．I still remember _________________________________ (take) to see films in the open air when I was small.
5．When we got a call ______ (say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
6．People _______ (work) in green environment have been found to have fewer stomachaches.
7．He didn't come today，______ (make) it necessary for us to find someone else to do his work.
8．He sent me an e-mail，_________ (expect) to get further information.
being taken/having been taken
saying
working
making
expecting
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．保护环境就是保护我们自己。
____________________________ is protecting ourselves.
2．每个人都有责任通过尽我们所能使我们的地球变得更清洁、更好。
Everyone is responsible for _____________________________________ by doing what we can.
3．鲍勃的到来有助于我们按时完成任务。
______________ contributed to the on-time accomplishment of our task.
Protecting the environment
making our planet cleaner and better
Bob's coming
4．他作为一名交警，一直努力工作，即使在节日期间也要保持交通顺畅。
As a traffic policeman, he always worked hard to _________________ ____________________ even on festivals.
5．我们的生活变得越来越好了，然而在一些国家仍然有一些人遭受饥饿。
Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people _______________________．
6．学习某个国家的历史将帮助你更好地了解这个国家和它的传统。
________________________________________ will help you better understand the country and its traditions.
keep the traffic running smoothly
suffering from hunger
Studying the history of the country
Ⅲ.用语篇练语法
Disney is a great place.Too many people 1._______ (want) to work there，Disney has many great jobs，one of which is lifeguarding.
2．________________ (involve) in saving several visitors at Disney，Vicki Garside knows that a lifeguard role may not be for everyone.However，she 3.________ (strong) suggests that you should never refuse the job before 4.______ (have) a try.“I know some people wouldn't want the responsibility，but for those who are good at 5.________ (swim)，it's a great job to have at Disney，”she says.
wanting
Having involved
strongly
having
swimming
Garside spent six months 6._______ (serve) as a lifeguard at Disney's Bay Lake Area last year.She said，“Lifeguarding has one of the 7._______ (high) base pay rates (比率) among all the jobs，as well as very reasonable 8._______ (work) hours.” She also says that all of her co-workers had a great time 9._______ (stay) with each other at Disney.“Guests are also very friendly and polite.They know you are there to do a job and you are there for their 10.______ (safe).” For people who are interested in getting jobs at Disney，it's a great way to get your foot in the door.
serving
highest
working
staying
safety
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
After a long day at the office, Jane Hodgson was on her way home and looking forward to relaxing with a nice cup of tea.While driving, she noticed that there was a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd had started to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane, who had completed first aid at work course with the British Red Cross, pulled over to see if she could do something and it turned out to be lucky for the victim.
Describing the scene she saw, Jane says, “A crowd of onlookers gathered at the scene.A couple of young men were cream-faced and looking lost.They were completely terrified.When I walked up, first-aid kit in hand, they said, ‘You're a first aider—Oh，thank goodness.’They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call an ambulance yet.”
A young girl called Jenny was lying there.It turned out that the teen had been hit by a car and gone over the handlebars of her bike, landing on her head and shoulders.
“I was worried because she had not been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn't be sure about a spinal(脊柱的)injury.But after looking her over, in relief, I felt fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unharmed.Even so, as time passed and we continued to wait for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing.To avoid the risk of her going into shock, I kept her talking.We chatted about her boyfriend and anything I could think of to keep her mind off the pain.She squeezed my hand when the pain got too much and this helped，” describes Jane.
Thinking back, Jane says, “I never did find out what happened to the girl.Apart from her boyfriend I wasn't thanked by anyone else, but that's OK.For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need.It felt great to know I'd made a difference.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了简·霍奇森在回家路上利用自己的急救知识帮助了一个受伤的女孩，认识到一个小小的举动也会有很大的影响。
1．Why did Jane Hodgson stop her car on the side of the road
A．To offer some help.
B．To repair her car.
C．To call for an ambulance.
D．To pick up a patient.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，简把车停在路边，是想看看自己能不能做点什么来提供帮助。
2．Which part of Jenny's body might be worst injured
A．Her legs.　　　 B．Her hands.
C．Her head. D．Her stomach.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容以及第五段内容可知，女孩从自行车上翻下来，头部和肩膀着地，而且被撞时没戴头盔。由此可推知，她受伤最严重的可能是头部。
3．What mattered most in Jane's help
A．Calling an ambulance.
B．Offering some first aid.
C．Finding out what happened.
D．Distracting the girl's attention from pain.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，为了避免女孩休克的危险，简一直在和女孩聊天，转移她的注意力。
4．What did Jane Hodgson learn from her experience of helping Jenny
A．Not all kindness needs reward.
B．First aid can also save a person.
C．A small act can count much.
D．It feels good to learn first aid skills.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知， 简认为，知道自己在某种程度上帮助了那个女孩，这就是她需要的奖赏。这与C项“A small act can count much.(一个小小的举动很重要)”对应。
B
Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in worsening employment markets.But it turns out that working in a job below your skill level harms your later chances of getting hired for a better-paying job more appropriate to your qualifications.
Sociologist David Pedulla at the University of Texas conducted a study to examine how jobs below a person's skill level affect future employability.He tailored 2，420 applications and submitted them to 1，210 job listings posted in five major cities across the U．S.He varied the applications by gender, and also by employment status for the previous year.Then he used computer models to analyze and compare the results.The results show that applicants who were positioned as working below their skill level, regardless of gender had the lowest chances of getting called for a job interview.
These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a job below their skill level.While it might pay the bills in the short term, it can significantly hammer one's ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date.
Why might this be the case Pedulla conducted a follow-up study with 903 employers.He asked them about their ideas of applicants with each kind of employment history, and how likely they would be to recommend each kind of candidate to an interview.The results show that employers believe that men who are employed in positions below their skill level are less committed and less competent than men in other employment situations.Those surveyed also believed that women working below their skill level were less competent than others, but did not believe them to be less committed.
The results of studies suggest that work below skill level signals to employers men's incompetence and a lack of commitment.This is a disturbing reminder that the sword of gender bias (偏见) does in fact cut both ways.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，从事低于自己技能水平的工作会影响未来获得更适合自己资历的、高薪的工作的机会。
5．Why do many people choose jobs below their skill level
A．They fear bearing duties.
B．They lack self-confidence.
C．They face a tough economy.
D．They pursue better-paying jobs.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in worsening employment markets.”可知，许多人考虑低于自己技能水平的工作是由于他们面临着严峻的经济形势。
6．How do the researchers carry out the first study
A．By conducting interviews.
B．By researching examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By doing surveys.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，研究人员通过做比较的方法来进行第一项研究。
7．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hammer” in paragraph 3
A．Ensure. B．Weaken.
C．Test. D．Exercise.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前句“These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a job below their skill level.While it might pay the bills in the short term”及后文“one's ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date”以及表示转折的“While”可知，考虑接受低于自己技能水平的工作虽然可以挣到钱，但会减弱一个人日后恢复到有关技能水平和薪酬等级的能力。由此猜测hammer意为“减弱，削弱”，与weaken意思相近。
8．What is the employers' idea according to the follow-up study
A．Men are more likely to get promoted.
B．Women are more devoted and capable.
C．Women behave better in jobs below skill level.
D．Men show talents in work of the relevant level.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可推知，雇主的想法是女性在其技能水平以下的工作中比男性表现得更好。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
What Your Cat Needs to Feel Secure
Like humans，cats have needs that make them feel happy and secure.Make sure you have a place or environment that makes your cat feel comfortable and secure.
Safe place
__1__．Your cat should be able to enter and leave this space from at least two sides if she feels threatened.Most cats prefer the safe space to be big enough to only fit themselves，have sides around it，and be raised off the ground.
Multiple and separated key resources
Key resources include food，water，toileting areas，play areas，and resting or sleeping areas.__2__，so your cats have free access without being challenged by other cats or other potential threats.
Opportunity for play and predatory (捕食性的) behavior
Play and predatory behaviors allow cats to satisfy their natural need to hunt.Play can be motivated with the use of interactive toys that look like prey(猎物).__3__．Using food puzzles or food balls can copy the action of hunting for prey，and provides more natural eating behavior.
Positive and predictable human-cat social interaction
__4__，such as petting，being played with or talked to，being picked up，and sitting or lying on a person's lap.
An environment that respects the importance of a cat's sense of smell
Unlike humans，cats use their sense of smell to evaluate their surroundings.Cats mark their scent by rubbing their face and body，which leaves natural chemicals to establish boundaries within which they feel safe and secure.__5__．Some smells can be threatening to cats which may lead to problematic behaviors.
A．Avoid cleaning their scent off these areas
B．Provide your cat with predictable meal times
C．These resources should be separated from each other
D．Cats need to be able to catch the“prey”，to avoid feeling upset
E．Some cats also like to be provided with soft，comfortable places to hide
F．Cats' individual preferences determine how much they like human interactions
G．Every cat needs a safe place where she can feel protected or that can be used as a resting area
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让宠物猫有安全感的几种做法。
1．解析：G　设空处引出本段话题。根据该段小标题和下文中的“Your cat should be able to enter and...have sides around it，and be raised off the ground.”可知，猫需要一个安全的空间，设空处与安全的环境相关，故G项符合此处语境。G项中的“safe place”与小标题为原词复现关系，且下文中的“this space”指代G项中的“a safe place”。
2．解析：C　设空处与下文构成因果关系。根据上文中的“Key resources include food，water，toileting areas，play areas，and resting or sleeping areas.”和下文中的“so your cats have free access without being challenged by other cats or other potential threats”可知，要为猫咪准备必要的资源，而且这些东西要相互分开，这样你的猫就可以自由出入，且不会受到其它猫或其他潜在威胁的挑战，C项符合此处语境，C项中的“resources”和“separated”与该段小标题中的“resources”和“separated”构成原词复现关系。
3．解析：D　设空处是对上文的补充说明。根据上文中的“Play can be motivated with the use of interactive toys that look like prey (猎物).”可知，人们可以给猫咪玩一种可以模仿猎物的互动玩具，设空处应该与这种互动玩具有关，D项中的“prey”指的就是这种互动玩具，故D项符合此处语境。
4．解析：F　设空处与下文构成例证关系。根据该段小标题和下文中的“petting，being played with or talked to，being picked up，and sitting or lying on a person's lap”可知，设空处应该与人和猫的互动有关，F项中的“how much they like human interactions”描述的就是人和猫的关系，故F项符合此处语境。F项中的“human interactions”是下文中的“petting，being played with or talked to，being picked up，and sitting or lying on a person's lap”的概括词。
5．解析：A　设空处承上启下。根据上文中的“Unlike humans，cats use their sense of smell to evaluate their surroundings.”和下文中的“Some smells can be threatening to cats which may lead to problematic behaviors.”可知，猫咪留下的气味对它们非常重要，A项内容告诉人们不要清洁猫咪的气味，下文描述了会对猫咪产生危害的气味。A项中的“scent”与上文中的“scent”构成原词复现关系。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place.Knowing the rules of the game you're playing and using the right 1.________(equip) can go a long way towards preventing injuries.If you think you've been injured, pull 2.________ (you) out of the game or quit 3.________(do) your activity or workout.Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor.Serious head and neck injuries happen most often in athletes 4.________play contact sports like football.Keep the injured person still with his or her head 5.________(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency 6.________(medicine) help.If the person 7.________(lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.
Your first question after a sports injury will 8.________(probable) be，“When can I play again？” This depends on the injury and 9.________ your doctor tells you.Even if you can't return your sport right away, a doctor might have advice on what you can do to stay fit.Always check with your doctor 10.________ trying any activity following an injury.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了处理运动损伤时的一些要点， 以及恢复期要注意什么。当然， 最好的办法是了解你的运动， 并使用正确的装备。
1．解析：equipment　考查名词。此处指要使用正确的“装备”， right为形容词，修饰名词，equipment 为不可数名词。故填equipment。
2．解析：yourself　考查反身代词。根据句意可知，设空处作 pull 的宾语， 且与主语指同一人， 所以要用反身代词。故填 yourself。
3．解析：doing　考查固定搭配。quit doing sth意为“停止做某事”。故填 doing。
4．解析：who/that　考查定语从句。4.______play contact sports like football 是定语从句， 修饰先行词 athletes，指人，从句缺少主语。故填 who/that。
5．解析：held　考查非谓语动词。设空处在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，hold 与 his or her head 之间是逻辑上的被动关系， 所以要用过去分词形式。故填 held。
6．解析：medical　考查形容词。修饰名词help，应用形容词。故填medical。
7．解析：is lying/lies　考查时态。根据语境可知， 此处用现在进行时或一般现在时都可以。故填 is lying/lies。
8．解析：probably　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。故填 probably。
9．解析：what　考查宾语从句。and后为depends on 的宾语， 设空处引导宾语从句， 从句中缺少 tells的直接宾语。故填what。
10．解析：before　考查介词。此处是说在受伤后，再次进行任何体育活动之前，一定要咨询医生。故填before。
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language & Discovering Useful Structures
点击进入WORD文档
按ESC键退出全屏播放(共71张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
No.1 精析文
No.2 研新知
课时规范训练(一)
1
2
4
内容索引
练一练·课堂微练提能
3
No.1
精析文
第一步：速读　析架构理清脉络
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．How to perform the first aid for burns.
B．The functions of the skin.
C．The burns and the first aid treatment.
D．The characteristics of burns.
答案：C
2．Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
skin
Causes
Types
Characteristics
treatment
第二步：细读　知细节明察秋毫
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What is the purpose of placing burns under cool running water
A．To prevent infection.
B．To break the blisters.
C．To reduce the pain and swelling.
D．To clean the skin.
2．What are the characteristics of first-degree burns
A．Black，white and charred.
B．Rough，red and swollen.
C．Rough，red and dry.
D．Dry，red and mildly swollen.
3．If burns affect all three layers of the skin，any tissue and organs under the skin，what does the man have to do
A．He should be sent to hospital at once.
B．He should be placed on the floor and cool the burns immediately.
C．He should be undressed in order to cover the burned area with a clean，dry bandage.
D．He should be asked not to drink any water.
4．Where is this text taken from
A．A blog post.
B．An experiment report.
C．A short story.
D．A hospital leaflet.
答案：1～4　CDAD
第三步：填空　辨难句拆分解读
1．It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from ______ (lose) too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch. (P50 Para.1)
[结构分析]　此句是____句，when引导的是________从句，而主句中有四个并列谓语动词：helps，prevents，warns和gives。
[尝试翻译]　________________________________________________ ___________________________________________
losing
复合
时间状语
它还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。
2．As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious ________ (injury). (P50 Para.1)
[结构分析]　此句是____句，其中getting burnt是动名词短语作_____;
As you can imagine是As引导的____________从句，修饰整个主句。
[尝试翻译]　____________________________________________
injuries
复合
主语
非限制性定语
可想而知，烧/烫伤会造成非常严重的后果。
3．Applying oil to the injured areas is _ bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. (P51 Para.5)
[结构分析]　此句是____句，动名词短语 Applying oil to the injured areas在句中作____；as引导________从句。
[尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________ _____________________
a
复合
主语
原因状语
在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
4．If burns are on the face，make sure the victim can still _______ (breath). (P51 Para.5)
[结构分析]　此句是____句，If引导的是________从句；the victim can still...是省略that的____从句，作make sure的____。
[尝试翻译]　________________________________________
breathe
复合
条件状语
宾语
宾语
如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。
[板块一　单词短语——点点清]
层级一　高频词汇练全
No.2
研新知
1．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的( urge v．力劝；敦促；强烈要求 n．强烈的愿望 urgency n．紧急；迫切)
[练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)Improving English is the most ______(urge) thing because I have to make a good preparation before entering university.
(2)It is urged that we ________________ (hold) various activities to honor Qu Yuan，such as dragon boat racing and eating zongzi.
urgent
(should) hold
(3)政府迫切呼吁每个公民在建设清洁的海洋方面发挥自己的作用。
①The government desperately _________________________________ in building clean oceans.(urge sb to do)
②The government desperately __________________________________ _________ in building clean oceans.(urge that)
urges each citizen to play their part
urges that each citizen (should) play their part
(1)in urgent need of　　急需……
(2)urge sb to do sth ＝urge that ...(should) do sth 敦促/力劝某人做某事
It is urged that ...(should) do sth 　坚决要求……做某事
have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事
2．ease vi.&vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在( easy adj.容易的)
[练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)There is evidence showing that gentle music can make people feel __ ease.
(2)各种各样的兴趣与爱好不仅将会丰富学校生活，而且会缓解我们的压力。
Not only will a wide variety of interests and hobbies enrich the school life，but also they will _______________________________．
at
ease our stress/ease us of our stress
(3)面对这么多无家可归的人，我感到如坐针毡。正是这些善良温柔的话语让我放松下来，我终于可以轻松地分发食物了。
Facing so many homeless people，I felt as if sitting on pins and needles.And it was the kind-hearted gentle words _______________________ and I could finally hand out foods __________．
that put me at ease
with ease
(1)ease sb of sth 　　消除某人……
(2)with ease(＝easily) 轻易地；毫不费力地
feel at ease 感到心情放松
put sb at ease 使某人放松
层级二　中频词汇练通
minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 v．辅修( major v．主修 adj.主要的；重要的)
[练透]　补全句子
(1)If you have any questions，please contact me immediately so that I can _____________________________________________ (对我们的安排作些微调).
(2)I ____________________ (主修英语), so I am greatly convinced that I am quite qualified to be your teaching assistant.(应用文之申请信)
make some minor adjustments to our arrangements
major in English
(1)minor in　　辅修；兼修
(2)minority n. 少数；少数民族
(3)major in 主修
[板块二　经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：if省略结构
(教材原句)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
[练透]　完成句子
(1)如果是这样的话，请去教学楼二楼的学生会办公室报名。
______，please go to sign up at the Students' Union office，which is on the second floor of the Teaching Building.
(2)如果有必要，你可以采取紧急措施以避免进一步的伤害。
You can take urgent measures to avoid further injuries _____________．
(3)如果你可以来北京度假，我将带你参观颐和园。如果不来的话，我就报名参加夏令营。
If you can come to Beijing for a holiday，I'll show you around the Summer Palace._______，I will enrol in a summer camp.
If so
if necessary
If not
句中if necessary是if it is necessary的省略；if省略结构的惯用表达：
if so/not 如果是/不是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有过的话
if any 如果真有的话；即使有(任何)……
if possible　如果可能的话
2．句型公式：“there is a(n)...need to do sth ”意为“有必要做某事”
(教材原句)If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果患者是二度或三度烧伤，急需立即把他/她送到医院。
[练透]　完成句子
(1)我认为没有必要感到沮丧，因为这样的事情通常发生在青少年身上，包括你。(应用文之建议信)
_________________________________, for things like this usually happen to teenagers, including you.
I think there is no need to feel upset
(2)毫无疑问，人类通过共同努力一定能够战胜疾病。
________________________ human beings are bound to defeat the disease with joint efforts.
(3)不可否认中国在国际舞台上起着重要作用。
_________________________ China is playing an important role on the international stage.
There is no doubt that
There is no denying that
There is a/no need to do sth 有/无必要做某事
There is no denying that... 不可否认……
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no possibility that... 没有可能……
There is no sense/point in doing sth 做……是没有意义的
练一练
课堂微练提能
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．__________　　被晒伤;烧伤
2．________________ 实施急救
3．_____________ 轻度晒伤
4．___________ 伤者
5．___________________________ 粘在烧伤的皮肤上
6．_____________________________ 带某人去医院
get burnt
give first aid
mild sunburn
the victim
stick to the burnt skin
take sb to the hospital
7．____________________________________ 作为抵御疾病的屏障
8．_________________________________ 造成非常严重的伤害
9．_________________ 减轻疼痛
10．___________________________________ 把油(膏)涂在受伤的地方
act as a barrier against disease
lead to very serious injuries
reduce the pain
apply oil to the injured areas
Ⅱ.单词拼写/补全句子/完成句子
1．Thousands of earthquake _______ (受害者) are still waiting to be rescued.
2．We've invited some well-known painters to teach us the basic __________ (技艺) of drawing.
3．A trained dog can _______ (充当) a guide to a blind person.
4．Unfortunately，the victim lost his ________________(触觉) and the paramedics tried to recover it.
5．在我看来，你没有必要害羞，我们都愿意和你做朋友。
In my opinion, ____________________________________ and all of us are willing to be friends with you.
victims
techniques
act as
sense of touch
there is no need for you to be shy
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Contrary to my former thought，the photographer had a good command of the __________ (技术) of photography.
2．We rushed to the spot of the accident and the _______ (受害者) were bound to need our aid.
3．The suggestions on how to prevent ____ (酸的)rain put forward by the expert are very practical.
课时规范
训练(一)
techniques
victims
acid
4．It is said that the computer _________ (辐射) is doing harm to our health.
5．A weak ___ (光线) of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.
6．Nowadays many young parents are addicted to their ________ (用电的) devices like smartphones or computers.
7．Some people say that human cloning is a good thing because it can solve the problem of _____(器官) transplants.
8．If a tooth feels very _____ (松的)，your dentist may recommend that it should be pulled out.
radiation
ray
electric
organ
loose
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Nowadays，without ___________(electric)，we wouldn't live a happy and convenient life.
2．Playing basketball serves as the best way ________ (ease) our great study pressure and find some pleasure at the same time.
3．We were urged ________ (deal) with the severe problem that arose from our carelessness.
4．Only a small ________ (minor) of customers have complained about the changes in design.
electricity
to ease
to deal
minority
5．_______ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
6．I ran to my father with my red and _______(swell) eyes，throwing my arms around him and hugged him tightly.
7．We will eat zongzi which is made of rice _______ (wrap) in bamboo leaves.
8．Make the patient as comfortable as possible，and ______ (loose) any tight clothing.
Knowing
swollen
loosen
wrapped
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．考试只是一种评价手段，因此，没有必要太过于担心结果。
Exams are no more than a means of evaluating.Therefore，_______________________ worry too much about the results.
2．我希望你会发现这些建议有所用处，如果有必要的话，我时刻准备着与你进一步讨论细节。
I hope you will find these suggestions useful，and I would be ready to discuss further details with you _____________．
there is no need to
if necessary
3．正如一句古老谚语所说，“有志者事竟成。”
_______________________，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
4．她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。(读后续写之神态描写)
A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，___________ _______________．
As an old saying goes
making us feel at ease
5．我写信告知你时间安排上的小变动。由于大多数学生下周六没空，我们将在下周天举行活动。(应用文之告知信)
I am writing to inform you of ________________________________．
Because _________________________ aren't available next Saturday，we will hold the activity next Sunday.
minor changes to the schedule
a majority of students
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Minutes can make a difference when a life is on the line.The American Red Cross has begun offering free training and certification so high school students can act fast in medical emergencies.
Traumatic injuries (创伤性损伤) are the leading cause of death in Americans younger than 45.“What we are trying to do is take lessons that we learned from the battlefield — people with life-threatening injuries might have a much better chance of surviving if they can have immediate treatment，” said Craig Goolsby, a professor of Military Emergency Medicine at the Uniformed Services University.“If people can stop bleeding, particularly bleeding from arms and legs, we have a lot better chance of saving the lives of those people once they reach the hospital，” he said.
First Aid for Severe Trauma (FAST) training is available to teach high school students how to talk to each other effectively during an emergency, how to make sure that the scene is safe so additional people don't get hurt and how to stop bleeding with a tourniquet (止血带) or direct pressure.“Just some of those really basic things that can be life-saving before an ambulance arrives，” Goolsby said.
“My team has done a series of research studies over the past several years looking at the public's ability to apply tourniquets or apply direct pressure.We've found that even very brief education, like 15 minutes of education, can have a great effect on how people will react，” Goolsby added，“They start out at a lower level of likelihood of response, get the training, and then all of a sudden, they're more likely to respond.”
Goolsby noted that in many emergencies, average people on the street jumped in to help people who were injured.“Giving the public these tools and the courage to say ‘I can do this’is really important.The FAST program does that.And so we're excited to be able to empower this next generation of Americans to take those steps，” he said.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。当一条生命危在旦夕时，几分钟就能改变一切。美国红十字会已经开始提供免费的培训和认证，这样高中生就可以在医疗紧急的情况下迅速采取行动。
1．What did Craig Goolsby learn from the battlefield
A．The difficulty of surviving.
B．The types of traumatic injuries.
C．The importance of immediate treatment.
D．The life-saving measures taken by medical staff.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，克雷格·古尔斯比从战场上学到了立即治疗的重要性。
2．Which of the following is included in the FAST training
A．How to move the injured to a safe place.
B．How to help the injured deal with pressure.
C．How to communicate effectively in emergencies.
D．How to make tourniquets using materials on hand.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，如何在紧急情况下有效沟通被包括在FAST培训中。
3．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．Most people have little first aid experience.
B．Educated people are more likely to offer help.
C．Most people find it difficult to apply direct pressure.
D．People tend to help others willingly after the training.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段“They start out at a lower level of likelihood of response, get the training, and then all of a sudden, they're more likely to respond.”可知，经过培训后，人们往往愿意帮助别人。
4．What was Craig Goolsby's attitude towards the FAST program
A．Doubtful.　　　 B．Positive.
C．Worried. D．Critical.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据最后一段克雷格·古尔斯比所说的话可知，克雷格·古尔斯比对FAST项目的态度是肯定的。
B
Traditionally, it has been assumed that cultivating food leads to a loss of biodiversity and negative impacts on an ecosystem.In a recent study, researchers looked at 28 urban community gardens across California over five years and quantified biodiversity in plant and animal life, as well as ecosystem functions such as carbon sequestration (碳封存), food production, pest control, and human well-being.
“We wanted to determine if there were any biodiversity and impacts on ecosystem function in those urban gardens，” says Shalene Jha, the lead author of the study in Ecology Letters.“What we found is that these gardens, which are providing tremendous nutritional resources and increasing well-being for gardeners, are also supporting incredibly high levels of plant and animal biodiversity.It's a win-win.”
Previous assumptions by scientists about the negative effect of food production on biodiversity have been almost entirely based on intensive rural agriculture enterprises that tend to grow only one or two types of crops, often at a massive scale.Urban community gardens, private gardens, and urban farms and orchards tend to grow more types of plants in smaller areas.The new study is the first to explore the effects of urban gardens across a wide range of biodiversity measures and ecological services.
“It's estimated that by 2030, about 60% of the world's population will live in cities，” Jha says，“And urban farms and gardens currently provide about 15%－20% of our food supply, so they are essential in addressing food inequality challenges.What we're seeing is that urban gardens present a critical opportunity to support both biodiversity and local food production.”
The study also found that the choices that gardeners make can have a large impact on their local ecosystem.For instance, planting trees outside crop beds could increase carbon sequestration without decreasing food production from too much shade.And covering only within crop beds could help improve soil carbon services, while avoiding negative effects on pest control.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明城市园林可以促进生物多样性。
5．What's the purpose of the study conducted by Shalene Jha
A．To analyze the cause of loss of biodiversity.
B．To increase well-being of gardeners.
C．To quantify nutritional levels in plants and animals.
D．To study the influence of urban gardens on ecosystem.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘We wanted to determine if there were any biodiversity and impacts on ecosystem function in those urban gardens，’ says Shalene Jha, the lead author of the study in Ecology Letters.”可知，实验目的是研究城市园林对生态系统的影响。
6．What may cause the loss of biodiversity according to previous assumptions
A．Inefficient pest control.
B．Limited planting scales.
C．Intensive agricultural pattern.
D．Unsatisfactory ecological services.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Previous assumptions by scientists about the negative effect of food production on biodiversity have been almost entirely based on intensive rural agriculture enterprises that tend to grow only one or two types of crops, often at a massive scale.”可知，之前的假设认为集约化农业模式会影响生物多样性。
7．What's Jha's attitude towards urban gardens
A．Objective. B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful. D．Concerned.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段可知，贾对城市花园的态度是支持的。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Urban Gardens Boost Biodiversity
B．Urban Gardens Challenge Rural Agriculture
C．Urban Farms Address Food Inequality
D．Urban Biodiversity Increases Well-being of Gardener
解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据第二段中“What we found is that these gardens, which are providing tremendous nutritional resources and increasing well-being for gardeners, are also supporting incredibly high levels of plant and animal biodiversity.It's a win-win.”及第四段“What we're seeing is that urban gardens present a critical opportunity to support both biodiversity and local food production.”可知，本文通过一项研究说明了城市园林可以促进生物多样性，所以“城市花园促进生物多样性”适合作为文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Lewis B．Smedes once said，“To forgive is to set a prisoner free and discover that the prisoner was you.”For years Tom Anderson's life was withered up (枯萎) by the memory of his __1__ in an adventure that __2__ the death of one of his classmates.He and his wife __3__after six years of marriage.Then the news about Tom Anderson changed.His wife Betty came back; he __4__ a fine position.
One day he told me what had changed his life，“I used to think nothing could__5__ what I had done.The thought of my __6__ would stop me in the middle of a smile.It put a __7__ between my wife and me.Then I had an __8__ visit from the person I dreaded(恐惧)most to see—the mother of the college classmate who died.‘Unless you forgive, you cannot love，’she said，‘And without love, life has no __9__．’She paused, and then said __10__，‘You are the only person who hasn't forgiven Tom Anderson.’I found there in her eyes __11__ to be the person I might have been if her boy had lived.For the first time in my life, I felt __12__ to be loved.”
Forgiveness is truly__13__，through which we gain the freedom to learn from experience.But forgiving our shortcomings doesn't mean __14__ that they exist.On the contrary, it means facing them __15__．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了因为汤姆·安德森参加的一次冒险而导致一位同学过世，多年来他一直饱受折磨，去世同学的母亲选择宽恕他，并指出他也应该宽恕自己，让他过上了正常人的生活。
1．A.act　　　　　 B．part
C．conduct D．behavior
解析：B　由下文的“in an adventure that ____ the death of one of his classmates”和“the college classmate who died”可知，汤姆·安德森参加的冒险让一位同学身亡，他的生活也因此事而黯然失色，part in (参与)。
2．A.accounted for B．figured out
C．participated in D．applied for
解析：A　由本处的“an adventure that ____ the death of one of his classmates”以及下文内容可知，这次冒险要为这位同学的身亡负责。
3．A.registered B．separated
C．withdrew D．integrated
解析：B　由下文的“His wife Betty came back”可知，之后妻子回来了，说明之前汤姆·安德森因同学身亡一事大受打击，生活变得糟糕，和妻子分居了。
4．A.presented B．promoted
C．earned D．guaranteed
解析：C　由上文的“Then the news about Tom Anderson changed.His wife Betty came back”和下文的“a fine position”可知，之后他的人生变好了，妻子回来了，他也获得了一份好工作。
5．A.reveal B．confirm
C．strengthen D．undo
解析：D　由上文的“For years Tom Anderson's life was withered up (枯萎) by the memory of his ____ in an adventure that ____ the death of one of his classmates.”和下文的“She paused, and then said ____， ‘You are the only person who hasn't forgiven Tom Anderson.’”可知，汤姆·安德森一直无法原谅自己，所以他认为没有什么能使自己的所作所为得到解脱。
6．A.drawback B．survival
C．guilt D．sympathy
解析：C　由上文可知，汤姆·安德森一直很内疚。
7．A.wall B．reminder
C．reserve D．comfort
解析：A　由上文“He and his wife ____ after six years of marriage.”可知，汤姆·安德森和妻子分居了，说明二人之间有一堵墙(暗指有隔阂、无法沟通)。
8．A.impossible B．unexpected
C．undoubted D．unbearable
解析：B　由下文的“visit from the person I dreaded (恐惧) most to see—the mother of the college classmate who died”可知，汤姆·安德森最害怕见到过世的同学的母亲，但是没想到其母亲会来拜访自己，完全出乎意料。
9．A.concept B．standard
C．principle D．meaning
解析：D　根据上文“And without love, life has no”以及常识可知，生活中没有爱，生活就没有意义。
10．A.deliberately B．humbly
C．sincerely D．morally
解析：C　由上文的“Unless you forgive, you cannot love”和下文的“You are the only person who hasn't forgiven Tom Anderson.”可知，汤姆·安德森最害怕见到的人——死去的大学同学的母亲拜访了自己，劝自己要原谅自己，用爱去生活，还真诚地说他是唯一一个没有原谅自己的人。
11．A.permission B．passion
C．ambition D．attempt
解析：A　由上文的“Unless you forgive, you cannot love”和“You are the only person who hasn't forgiven Tom Anderson.”可知，过世同学的母亲劝汤姆·安德森要原谅自己，放下心结，允许自己回到正常的样子。
12．A.valuable B．significant
C．worthy D．innocent
解析：C　由上文的“to be the person I might have been if her boy had lived”可知，因为过世同学母亲劝汤姆·安德森原谅自己、放下心结的话，汤姆原谅了自己，有生以来第一次感到自己值得去爱和被爱。
13．A.interesting B．beneficial
C．challenging D．demanding
解析：B　由下文的“through which we gain the freedom to learn from experience”可知，宽恕帮助我们从经验中获得学习的自由，可得出宽恕是有益的。
14．A.denying B．assuming
C．clarifying D．opposing
解析：A　由常识可知，缺点一直客观存在，所以原谅缺点并不意味着否认缺点的存在。
15．A.emotionally B．diligently
C．temporarily D．realistically
解析：D　由上文的“forgiving our shortcomings”和下文“ On the contrary, it means facing them”可知，人们原谅缺点就是在现实中去正视缺点，侧面反映原谅缺点并不意味着否认缺点的存在，而是意味着在现实中面对它。
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
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