资源简介

(共62张PPT)
XB4 Unit 3 Careers and skills
Grammar and usage
Lead-in
Lead-in
Why start your own business
New lifestyle
Income potential
Pursuing a passion
Turning a good idea into reality
Realizing your full potential on the work market
Read the article on page 34 and fill in blanks.
Running your own business Advantages
Disadvantages
It can be a source of personal growth.
You will be able to better provide for yourself and your family.
The economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success.
You have to deal with demanding work schedules.
It comes with great responsibilities.
Make sure any loans you have are repaid on time.
Observe the following sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts.
1. I think it's interesting.
2. The fact is that we have lost the game.
3. Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
4. It is not known what caused the wildfire.
5. I heard the news that our team had won．
as the object
as the subject
as the subject
as the appositive
Step1: Lead-in
Please work out the function of the underlined part in each sentence.
These clauses function as nouns, and they are called noun clauses.
as the predicative
什么是名词性从句？
名词性从句是在复合句中起名词性作用的句子，可作句子的主语，宾语，表语，同位语。
名词性从句
1. 主语从句
2. 宾语从句
3. 表语从句
4. 同位语从句
分类：
Position
主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
谓语动词/介词
系动词
抽象名词
找谓语动词→判断句式（简单句，并列句，复合句）
找从属连词→区分主句和从句
判断从句类型
二、练习，并观察从句的位置。
1）The radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. ______从句，位置: ______后面
2) I’m interested in who that man is.
______从句，位置: ______后面
3) We find it important that we practice speaking English every day.
______从句，位置: ________后面
宾语
动词
宾语
介词
宾语
动词
it为形式宾语
4) I heard the news that our team had won.
________从句，位置: _________后面
总结2：__________从句一般位于名词之后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。这样的名词有：news, fact, idea, view, suggestion, promise, truth, doubt, belief等。
5）My suggestion is that we should go shopping.
________从句，位置: _________后面
6）That our class won the game is true.
______从句，位置: _____________________
同位语
名词
同位语
表语
系动词
主语
谓语动词之前
引导词
不作成分
作主语、表语和
定语
作状语
Subject clause
Object clause As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your future.
Predicative clause
Appositive clause
It is no surprise that being one’s own boss is appealing to many people.
Also, you will need to make sure (that) any loans you have are repaid on time.
Another advantage is that you will ...
... you might ask a question whether you should start your own business.
A Exploring the rules
A Exploring the rules
noun
that
名词性从句
关于连接词
连接代词 VS 连接副词
连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which
本身有词义，在从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、表语、宾语或定语等。
连接副词： when, where, why, how。
本身有词义，在从句中充当句子成分，作状语。
Step2. 连接代词和连接副词的选择
1. Tom eagerly finished up _____was left in the bowl.
2. ________will go is not important.
3. The sense of smell can tell pigeons________way they should go.
4. Go and get your coat. It’s _______ you left it.
5. I have no idea ________ he found my home.
1.连接代词与连接副词 既具有___________，又起___________，同时在从句中充当___________ . 使用的原则是缺什么填什么。
2.判断从句中缺______________________成分,就选用___________；从句中不缺成分，则选_____________________________。
疑问含义
连接作用
各种成分
Who
what
where
how
which
主语/宾语/表语/定语
连接代词
连接副词/that/if/whether
注意：用什么连接词连接从句主要看含义，同时分析句子成分帮助解题。
1.—I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.
2. I know _________ wallet it is because there is an ID card inside it.
3. __________ one of the three candidates will be sent to take part in the game is still under discussion.
4. I am not sure ___________ I should go on a diet
5. Do you know _________ the differences between American English and British English lie
做题步骤：找从句，看主句；分析从句是否缺必要成分；分析句意。
how
whose
Which
whether
where
连接词的选用方法
1. 分清是哪种名词性从句；
2. 分析该从句的句子成分:
a. 如果句子成分齐全则选用连接词 that, if, whether;
b. 如果缺少主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分则选用连接代词;
c. 如果缺少状语则选用连接副词.
3. 根据从句所需的具体意义来确定。
用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空：
1. The monitor always thinks of _______he can do for his classmates.
2. That is ________ my grandpa used to live.
3. That’s _______he refused my invitation.
4. I am very interested in ______ he has improved his English in such a short time.
5. ________ we need is more time.
6. Please tell me _________ you are waiting for.
7. I don’t know _________ he will agree to the plan or not.
8. Many teachers hold the view ____ teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online.
what
where
why
how
What
whom
whether
that
1. I know ________ he is an honest boy.
2. I want to know __________ he is an honest boy.
1. that 还是 if/whether
总结：
1. that 和 if/whether 都不做成分。
2. that 无意义，引导的名词性从句说的 ______。
if/whther 表“______”的意思，后面的名词性从句指的是
不确定的事，有疑问。
that
if/whether
事实
是否
Step3. 连接词的选择
练习：
1.There is no doubt_________ they will come to help us.
2. Nobody knows ___________ it will rain tomorrow.
3.I wonder ___________ he will come tomorrow.
4. ______ we’ll hold a meeting is decided.
5. _________we'll hold a meeting is not decided.
that
whether/if
whether/if
That
Whther
3. what 还是 that
对比并分析：
1. _______ he said hurt his mother.
2.______our class won the game made us excited.
What
That
what引导主语从句,做said的宾语
that 引导主语从句,不做任何成分
1. what在名词性从句中，充当主语、宾语、表语，表“什么，...的（东西/事情）”。
2. that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。
练习：
①The school is no longer ________ it used to be.
＝The school is no longer the one________ it used to be.
②Finally he told us everything ________ he had seen.
＝Finally he told us ________ he had seen.
③They arrived in ______ was once a school.
④Don't care ________ others think about you.
⑤_______the famous singer will come to our school next week excites all of us.
⑥I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
what
that
that
what
what
what
That
what
①I want to know ______ he has told you.
②_________ made the call is not important.
③____________he likes will be given to him.
④_________makes the matter worse is that it begins to rain.
总结：__________________是指具体的人或物，有特指的含
义；_______________________表示任何一个人或事物，有泛指的含义
who
Whoever
Whatever
What
who，what
whoever, whatever
4. what/who 与 whatever/whoever
1. I don’t think _________ she is coming.
2. It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
3. The reason is _________ he is careless.
4. The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.
(that)
that
that
that
5. that 省略还是不省略
that 可省略的情况：
单个宾语从句中的that和第一个宾语从句的 that 可省略
名词性从句
关于语序
1.名词性从句的语序
1）Do you know where will the party be held ( )
Do you know where the party will be held ( )
引导词在从句之______，其他一定用陈述语序：
_____________________________________________
翻译下列句子
我写信感谢你为我所做的一切
F
T
首
引导词+主语+谓语+其它
I’m writing to thank you for what you have done for me.
名词性从句
形式主语，形式宾语
例1. It is a pity that they didn’t get maried.
例2. It is splendid that you passed the exam.
例3. It is said that he has been there many years.
例4. It seems that they have made the same mistakes.
It be+名词词组(a shame / an honor / no wonder)+ that
It be+ adj( likely / obvious / ture / natural) + that
It be +过去分词（thought / expected / announced) + that
It seems / appears / happens + that
2.用it作形式主语的主要句型
3.用it作形式宾语的主要句型
1）动词 think, make, feel, consider＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
①They consider it their duty that they should keep the classroom clean all the time.
②We think it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day.
③Let's make it a rule that we mustn't speak Chinese in English class.
3.用it作形式宾语的主要句型
2)动词 hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋宾语从句
①I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
② Shed won’t like it if you arrive late.
3)动词短语 see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time.
名词性从句
虚拟语气
4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1)主语从句句型：It is important/necessary/vital that... ;
It is suggested/required/requested/demanded that... 句型中，
谓语常用 “(should＋)动词原形”。
1）重要的是他应该知道这个案件。
__________________________________________________________________
2）有人建议会议延期召开。
___________________________________________________________________
It is important that he (should) know about this case.
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
在表示建议(suggest, advise, recommend)、要求(demand, insist, require)和命令(order, command)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。
注意:suggest（暗示，表明）和 insist（坚持说）后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
2) 宾语从句的虚拟语气
①老师建议我们现在应该休息一下。
___________________________________________________________
②The boss insisted that the woman employee _____ (be) innocent and that she __________ (pay) equally .
be paid
was
The teacher suggested that we (should) have a rest now.
3) 表语从句中的虚拟语气
主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、计划（suggestion, advice, proposal, order, command, request）”等的名词时，表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。
We’d better accept his suggestion that we (should) start right now.
我们最好接受他的建议，立刻动身。
在名词 suggestion, order, demand, command, request,
desire, proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语
“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
3) 同位语从句中的虚拟语气
5.宾语从句的时态
(1)主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用不同的时态。
①I’m sure that she________ ( win) the match.
②Can you tell me what he ________(do) yesterday
(2)主句是过去时态时，宾语从句要和主句一致，用过去时的相应时态。
①She said she ___________( finish) reading the novel in three days.
②She said she ___________( finish) reading the novel three days before.
will win
did
would finish
had finished
(3)宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实，格言，科学真理时，
从句时态不受主句限制，用一般现在时。
①The teacher said the sun _____ (be) bigger than the moon.
②My teacher told us high-speed trains were first invented in China and that they __________(travel） 300 kilometers per hour.
is
can travel
6.表语从句中的常见句型
①The reason is that......；含义为“__________.”；常与定语从句搭配，构成：The reason why..... is that......,
②It is because......；含义为“____________”，because后接的是“it”发生的原因。
③That's why......；含义为“_____________________，why后接的是“that”导致的结果。
④That's where......; 含义为“___________________”。
原因是...
这是因为...
这就是为什么...
这就是...的地方
练习：完成下列句子
①The reason ______ he is absent from school is _____ he is ill.
＝He is ill. That's _____ he is absent from school.
＝He is absent from school. That's ________ he is ill.
②The reason ____________he gave was ______ he was caught in the traffic jam.
The reason _____he didn’t come to school today was _____ he was ill.
③That's _______ the problem lies.
That's _______the problem lies in
why
that
why
because
that/which
that
why
that
where
what
7.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1) The foreigner expressed the hope that he would come to China again.
这位外国人表达了再次来中国的希望。
2) I’ll remember the hope that the foreigner expressed to me.
我将记住那位外国人对我表达的希望。
3) Where did you get the idea that I could not come
你在哪听说我不能来？
4) A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.
用铅笔写的信很难读。
(1)同位语从句对名词进行进一步的解释或补充说明；而定语从句对先行词起修饰或限制的作用。
同位语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
定语从句
(2) 被修饰的词不同
定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物的各种名词。
(3) that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作成分，通常不能省略，只起连接作用。that引导定语从句时为关系代词，它除了起连接作用外，在从句中还要充当某一成分（如主语、宾语等），作宾语时可以省略。
练习：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
1. The question that they are discussing is very difficult.
( )
2. The question who will take his place is still not clear.
( )
3.We are glad at the news that he will come.
（ ）
4.We are glad at the news that he told us.
（ ）
定语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
that
that
if/whether
How
that
commercial
criterion
attain
consultant
budget
anticipate
loan
prejudice
follow up
weigh up
be put under pressure
To keep up with
are fond of
has been laid out/ was laid out
earned a living
by no means
what
where
that
that
that
how
what
which
when
whether
Goodbye
Thanks!
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/fine

展开更多......

收起↑